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To deeply understand the negative impact of circumferential inlet distortion on the internal flow of the compressor, by using the unsteady force testing technique of a rotor blade surface under a rotating coordinate system, the pressure fluctuations on the rotor blade surface are successfully captured when the rotor blade rotates through the distortion region. Results show that the pressure on the suction surface increases and the inlet angle of attack decreases before the rotor blade enters the distorted region. The pressure difference between the pressure and suction surface is obviously enhanced, thereby sharply increasing the blade load and intensifying the flow separation, which is easy to induce instability. When the rotor blade rotates out of the distortion region, the pressure on the suction surface is still low; thus, the inlet angle of attack in this position is larger than before entering the distorted region. It also shows that the outlet of the distorted region is prone to trigger stall. In addition, the dynamic spectrum characteristics of unsteady forces on the blade surface demonstrate that the energy of the rotor frequency and its harmonics increases significantly and the energy of low frequency disturbance is enhanced when the rotor blade rotates through the distorted region. As a result, the vibration is more obvious in the distorted region, especially the energy of natural vibration frequency of the rotor blade is enhanced. When the compressor stalls, the vibration at the rotor blade root is intensified, which is significantly stronger than at the rotor blade tip. It provides support for evaluating the influence of stall and surge on the lifecycle of rotor blade when suffering from circumferential inlet distortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel acetyl acetonate (Ni(acac)2), a metal-organic compound, was directly dispersed in base oils alkylated naphthalene (AN-5), diisooctyl sebacate (DIOS), poly-α-olefin (PAO6), and mineral oil (liquid hydrocarbon mixtures:150 N) in the presence of commercial dispersant RF1151 (monoallyl poly(isobutylene succinimide). The tribological properties of the lubricants were tested with a four-ball friction and wear tester. The friction-induced in-situ formation of carbon films on rubbed steel surfaces under the catalysis of Ni(acac)2 was investigated, and the as-formed carbon films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that Ni(acac)2 added in the base oils can decompose to form metallic nickel to form nickel layer on the rubbed metal sub-surfaces and catalyze the degradation of the base oil molecules adsorbed to form carbon-based tribofilms. The carbon film formed from AN-5 with aromatic ring structure has a high degree of graphitization and the best friction-reducing and antiwear abilities, and those formed from PAO6 and 150 N with linear structure have a low degree of graphitization as well as good tribological properties. Under the lubrication of DIOS with Ni(acac)2, however, there is no carbon film formation while the tribological properties of the lubricant are relatively poor, due to the absence of the catalytic metallic nickel and nickel oxide layer on the rubbed metal sub-surface. Thanks to the catalytic effect of metallic nickel released from Ni(acac)2 for the degradation of various base oils with different molecular structure, the present approach could provide a rational pathway to tune the in-situ formation of carbon-based tribofilm on rubbed steel surfaces so as to effectively reduce the friction and wear of steel-steel sliding pair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Syncollisional magmatism plays an important but underappreciated role in continental crust growth and maturation. However, the origin of syncollisional intermediate magmas in continental subduction zones is controversial, with some models suggesting they form by arc-related processes, and others indicating they form by later slab breakoff-induced melting. Diorite porphyry dikes intruding granitic gneiss in the Paleo-Tethyan Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) continental collisional orogen have inherited zircon grains with 206Pb/238U ages of ca. 749-238 Ma, and magmatic zircons with weighted mean ages of 216-215 Ma, falling within the well-constrained time range (ca. 235-208 Ma) tracking exhumation of the Sulu UHP rocks from UHP peak conditions to amphibolite facies; they are thus syncollisional. The dikes have high Cr (330-402 ppm), Ni (84.5-103 ppm), and Mg# (64-66) values, showing a mantle origin. The porphyries have relatively high Sm/Yb, Nb/Y, La/Yb, and Gd/Yb ratios, representing a classic signature of slab breakoff magmatism. Together with the arc-like traceelement patterns and enriched Sr-Nd isotope compositions, ages, and εHf(t) values (-19.5 to -17.0) of magmatic zircons and their tectonic setting, we propose a syncollisional slab breakoff model in which the melts were initially generated from asthenospheric upwelling in the gap created when the oceanic slab attached to the Yangtze craton detached underneath the North China craton during Late Triassic collision following Paleo-Tethys Ocean closure. The diorite porphyry dikes have consistent Sr-Nd isotope compositions and spatiotemporal relationships with the nearby Shidao gabbro-syenite-granite complex, for which the tectonic affinity is controversial. Thus, we argue that the diorite porphyries and Shidao complex were sourced from two cratons, including the enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle of the North China craton, which interacted with abundant felsic melts derived from the sinking slab breaking away from the subducted crust of the Yangtze continental-ocean transitional margin. This study sheds new light on crustal recycling versus continental growth in collisional orogens and implies that considerable syncollisional intermediate magmas can be generated by slab breakoff in continental subduction zones, representing hybrid additions to continental growth that are different and more evolved than arc magmas and have a composition similar to that of the bulk continental crust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ANSYS software is introduced to reproduce the in-line and staggered sphere packed bed model. To investigate the influence of model on the heat transfer and flow characteristics in the high temperature packed bed, numerical simulations of pore-level was used to numerically appreciate the changes of pressure drop, temperature and velocity. The simulation values qualitatively agree with the experimental result. The results show that the pressure drop in high temperature packed bed increases significantly. The pressure drop increases about 3200 Pa when the inlet velocity is 0.33-0.73 m/s. The model has significant influence on the average temperature of solid and gas phases. Compared with the in-line arrangement, the heat wave transfer is slower and the temperature is slightly higher by 20 K in the staggered model. The average velocity in the structured packed bed increases and decreases periodically. In staggered model, the velocity disturbance is more significant. These findings are helpful for understanding transport phenomena in packed beds as well as the design of high efficiency reactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using first-principles calculations and crystal structure search methods, we found that many covalently bonded molecules such as H2, N2, CO2, NH3, H2O and CH4 may react with NaCl, a prototype ionic solid, and form stable compounds under pressure while retaining their molecular structure. These molecules, despite whether they are homonuclear or heteronuclear, polar or non-polar, small or large, do not show strong chemical interactions with surrounding Na and Cl ions. In contrast, the most stable molecule among all examples, N2, is found to transform into cyclo-N5− anions while reacting with NaCl under high pressures. It provides a new route to synthesize pentazolates, which are promising green energy materials with high energy density. Our work demonstrates a unique and universal hybridization propensity of covalently bonded molecules and solid compounds under pressure. This surprising miscibility suggests possible mixing regions between the molecular and rock layers in the interiors of large planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • SDF-1α/CGRP-nHA/PDA/CMCS scaffold was constructed by 3D printing. • SDF-1α/CGRP-nHA/PDA/CMCS scaffold has 5-fold chemotaxis to rPDSC than factorless. • SDF-1α/CGRP-nHA/PDA/CMCS scaffold can promote the reactivation of bone inactivated. The repair of bone tumors is an urgent problem to be solved in clinical treatment. In this study, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA), polydopamine (PDA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) composite scaffolds loaded with stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were constructed by 3D printing. It was found that the chemotaxis of nHA/PDA/CMCS scaffold loaded with SDF-1α/CGRP factors to rat periosteal-derived stem cells (rPDSCs) was fivefold higher than that without factors loading, and the constructed scaffold had good biocompatibility and promoted the reactivation of bone inactivated by microwave thermal ablation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete genome of Corynebacterium glutamicum contain a gene encoding murein endopeptidase MepA which maintain cell wall homeostasis by regulating peptidoglycan biosynthesis. In this study, we investigate the physiological function, localization and regulator of MepA. The result shows that mepA overexpression lead to peptidoglycan degradation and the defects in cell division. MepA-EGFP was shown to localizes exclusively at the cell cell septum. In addition, mepA overexpression increased cell permeability and reduced the resistance of cells to isoniazid, an antibiotic used to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Furthermore, transcription analysis showed that mepA affected cell division and membrane transport pathways, and was coordinately regulated by the two-component systems MtrAB and MprAB(CgtS/R2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the intricate interplay of hydraulic coupling, creep damage, and permeability evolution mechanisms in phyllite, focusing on their relevance to tunnel engineering design and long-term stability in soft rock formations. To achieve this, conventional triaxial tests were conducted on saturated phyllite specimens under creep-seepage acoustic emission conditions. The results were systematically analyzed to unveil the inherent characteristics of creep deformation, seepage rate evolution, and damage progression in phyllite when subjected to stress–seepage coupling. Furthermore, a permeability model for representative volume element (RVE) was developed based on meso-mechanics principles, considering the distinctive attributes of low-permeability non-Darcy’s flow in rock. Consequently, a novel relationship between effective damage and permeability was established. We determined that seepage pressure induces three key effects on the creep damage mechanism of phyllite samples: (1) It adds to the existing stress through the superposition of osmotic pressure and axial load, (2) it induces tensile expansion stress because of pore water pressure, and (3) it softens the fracture surfaces to some extent. More importantly, this study validates the relationship between effective damage and permeability through the fitting of creep and damage parameters, which were obtained from the test results, and it reveals a square relationship between subsequent damage and permeability under stress conditions. The findings of this study provide a robust theoretical foundation for comprehending the evolution of damage and permeability characteristics during the creep process of rock under seepage conditions. We obtained essential insights and quantitative analyses for comprehending the damage mechanisms in rock creep under hydraulic coupling, which has significant implications for tunnel engineering and long-term rock stability assessments in soft rock environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intestinal microbiota community is a fundamental component of the human body and plays a significant regulatory role in maintaining overall health and in the management disease states.The intestinal microbiota-gut-brain axis represents a vital connection in the cognitive regulation of the central nervous system by the intestinal microbiota.The impact of intestinal microbiota on cognitive function is hypothesized to manifest through both the nervous system and circulatory system. Imbalances in intestinal microbiota during the perioperative period could potentially contribute to perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction. This article concentrates on a review of existing literature to explore the potential influence of intestinal microbiota on brain and cognitive functions via the nervous and circulatory systems.Additionally, it summarizes recent findings on the impact of perioperative intestinal dysbacteriosis on perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction and suggests novel approaches for prevention and treatment of this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunodeficient murine models are usually used as the preclinical models of osteosarcoma. Such models do not effectively simulate the process of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Establishing a suitable animal model for understanding the mechanism of osteosarcoma and the clinical translation is indispensable. The UMR-106 cell suspension was injected into the marrow cavity of Balb/C nude mice. Tumor masses were harvested from nude mice and sectioned. The tumor fragments were transplanted into the marrow cavities of SD rats immunosuppressed with cyclosporine A. Through muti-rounds selection in SD rats, we constructed orthotopic osteosarcoma animal models using rats with intact immune systems. The primary tumor cells were cultured in-vitro to obtain the immune-tolerant cell line. VX2 tumor fragments were transplanted into the distal femur and parosteal radius of New Zealand white rabbit to construct orthotopic osteosarcoma animal models in rabbits. The rate of tumor formation in SD rats (P1 generation) was 30%. After four rounds of selection and six rounds of acclimatization in SD rats with intact immune systems, we obtained immune-tolerant cell lines and established the orthotopic osteosarcoma model of the distal femur in SD rats. Micro-CT images confirmed tumor-driven osteolysis and the bone destruction process. Moreover, the orthotopic model was also established in New Zealand white rabbits by implanting VX2 tumor fragments into rabbit radii and femurs. We constructed orthotopic osteosarcoma animal models in rats with intact immune systems through muti-rounds in-vivo selection and the rabbit osteosarcoma model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia are well-established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and have been associated with exposure to persistent organic pollutants. However, studies have been lacking as regards effects of non-persistent pesticides on CVD risk factors. Here, we investigated whether background chronic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and multiclass pesticides were associated with the prevalence of these CVD risk factors in 502 Belgian and 487 Luxembourgish adults aged 18–69 years from the Nutrition, environment and cardiovascular health (NESCAV) study 2007–2013. We used hair analysis to evaluate the chronic internal exposure to three PCBs, seven organochlorine pesticides (OCs) and 18 non-persistent pesticides. We found positive associations of obesity with hexachlorobenzene (HCB), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) and chlorpyrifos, diabetes with pentachlorophenol (PCP), fipronil and fipronil sulfone, hypertension with PCB180 and chlorpyrifos, and dyslipidemia with diflufenican and oxadiazon, among others. However, we also found some inverse associations, such as obesity with PCP, diabetes with γ-HCH, hypertension with diflufenican, and dyslipidemia with chlorpyrifos. These results add to the existing evidence that OC exposure may contribute to the development of CVDs. Additionally, the present study revealed associations between CVD risk factors and chronic environmental exposure to currently used pesticides such as organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides. [Display omitted] • Hair analysis reveals associations between pollutant exposure and CVD risk factors. • Obesity was associated with both persistent and non-persistent pesticide exposure. • Diabetes was related to γ-HCH, PCP, PNP, fipronil, fipronil sulfone and oxadiazon. • Hypertension was associated with chlorpyrifos, fipronil, oxadiazon and diflufenican. • Dyslipidemia was related to chlorpyrifos, Cl 2 CA, trifluralin and diflufenican. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating solar energy into rechargeable battery systems represents a significant advancement towards sustainable energy storage solutions. Herein, we propose a win‐win solution to reduce the shuttle effect of polysulfide and improve the photocorrosion stability of CdS, thereby enhancing the energy conversion efficiency of rGO/CdS‐based photorechargeable integrated lithium‐sulfur batteries (PRLSBs). Experimental results show that CdS can effectively anchor polysulfide under sunlight irradiation for 20 minutes. Under a high current density (1 C), the discharge‐specific capacity of the PRLSBs increased to 971.30 mAh g−1, which is 113.3 % enhancement compared to that of under dark condition (857.49 mAh g−1). Remarkably, without an electrical power supply, the PRLSBs can maintain a 21 hours discharge process following merely 1.5 hours of light irradiation, achieving a breakthrough solar‐to‐electrical energy conversion efficiency of up to 5.04 %. Ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in situ Raman analysis corroborate the effectiveness of this complementary weakness approach in bolstering redox kinetics and curtailing polysulfide dissolution in PRLSBs. This work showcases a feasible strategy to develop PRLSBs with potential dual‐functional metal sulfide photoelectrodes, which will be of great interest in future‐oriented off‐grid photocell systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating solar energy into rechargeable battery systems represents a significant advancement towards sustainable energy storage solutions. Herein, we propose a win‐win solution to reduce the shuttle effect of polysulfide and improve the photocorrosion stability of CdS, thereby enhancing the energy conversion efficiency of rGO/CdS‐based photorechargeable integrated lithium‐sulfur batteries (PRLSBs). Experimental results show that CdS can effectively anchor polysulfide under sunlight irradiation for 20 minutes. Under a high current density (1 C), the discharge‐specific capacity of the PRLSBs increased to 971.30 mAh g−1, which is 113.3 % enhancement compared to that of under dark condition (857.49 mAh g−1). Remarkably, without an electrical power supply, the PRLSBs can maintain a 21 hours discharge process following merely 1.5 hours of light irradiation, achieving a breakthrough solar‐to‐electrical energy conversion efficiency of up to 5.04 %. Ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in situ Raman analysis corroborate the effectiveness of this complementary weakness approach in bolstering redox kinetics and curtailing polysulfide dissolution in PRLSBs. This work showcases a feasible strategy to develop PRLSBs with potential dual‐functional metal sulfide photoelectrodes, which will be of great interest in future‐oriented off‐grid photocell systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving long‐lived room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in nonconventional luminophores devoid of any conjugated units is fascinating but remains formidably challenging due to their low intersystem crossing efficiency and strong nonradiative decay. Herein, a stepwise rigidification strategy is developed to suppress the nonradiative decay and fully exploit the clusterization‐triggered RTP performance of cellulose. Specifically, the crystallinity is enhanced, and hydrogen bonding is reconstructed by a directed oxidation‐reduction reaction to afford a more rigid environment of cellulose; then, the reconstructed cellulose is further cross‐linked by boric acid to activate double confinement architecture. In return, the phosphorescence lifetime of the target cellulose increases almost one order of magnitude, and the phosphorescence quantum yield increases more than 27 folds. Moreover, the afterglow of the RTP cellulose can be regulated from blue to green by changing excitation wavelength, which is useful for advanced information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting. The stepwise rigidification strategy is also applicable for preparing other nature polysaccharides‐based long‐lived RTP materials, such as chitosan and sodium alginate. Nature polysaccharides are completely biodegradable; thus, this work paves the way for the development of eco‐friendly and practical color‐variable RTP materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable hemicellulose with a unique structure exhibits a wide range of potential applications. However, it has been a formidable challenge to isolate hemicellulose with an intact structure from lignocellulosic materials. In this study, LiBr·3H2O (LBTH) was used as a green solvent for the effective fractionation of hemicellulose from bleached hardwood kraft pulp (BHKP) under mild conditions (25–85 °C). It was found that hemicellulose in BHKP can be dissolved in LBTH with ease and high selectivity owing to the breaking of hydrogen bonds between hemicellulose and cellulose, and the dissolved hemicellulose can be regenerated with a high degree of polymerization (DP) in the range of 240–264 using ethanol precipitation. The highest removal rate of hemicellulose from BHKP was as high as 95.2%, and the corresponding yield of pure hemicellulose reached 84.3%. Moreover, simultaneously obtained undissolved cellulose pulp through LBTH treatment had a high content of α-cellulose (96.7%), high DP (880), and trace levels of Fe (2 ppm), which met the standard requirement for dissolving pulp for the production of lyocell. In addition, LBTH can be easily recycled to guarantee a green and sustainable process. This work provides a new approach for highly selective fractionation of hemicellulose and cellulose from commercial BHKP based on an efficient and environmentally friendly LBTH treatment, which could be very promising for better valorization of hemicellulose and cellulose in many advanced applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal Artery Sympathetic Denervation (RDN) can lower blood pressure. Different ablation catheters (single electrode, multi‐electrode) have different scopes of ablation (renal artery main stem and branches). Few studies have compared the advantages and disadvantages of different ablation catheters and different procedures in terms of antihypertensive efficacy. To compare the efficacy and safety of 3D reconstruction radiofrequency ablation (3DRA) and basket multi‐electrode radiofrequency ablation (BMRA) in Renal Artery Sympathetic Denervation. Fifty‐three patients with Refractory hypertension (RHT) were divided into BMRA, (n = 28) and 3DRA(n = 25). BMRA group used a stereobasket multi‐electrode ablation catheter with a controlled ablation temperature of 60°C and an ablation time of 120 s per site. 3DRA group used a NavStar pressure‐monitored perfusion monopolar ablation catheter with a controlled ablation temperature of 40°C, an ablation time of 40 s per site, and an ablation energy of 12 W. Baseline and RDN parameters and complications were compared in both groups. Home and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure, type of anti‐hypertensive medication taken, and serum creatinine were followed up at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after the RDN. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. (23.14 ± 2.00)months of follow‐up in the BMRA group resulted in a total of (25.86 ± 8.61) loci ablation. (19.28 ± 7.40)months of follow‐up in the 3DRA group resulted in a total of (21.04 ± 6.47)loci ablation. Home SBP was significantly lower in both groups at 1 month after RDN treatment compared to baseline(H‐SBP/mmHg: BMRA 149.9 ± 10.59 vs. baseline 168.36 ± 12.76; 3DRA 152.6 ± 14.91 vs. 164.89 ± 12.96, both p <.05). The proportion of people with 24 h ambulatory SBP attainment was significantly higher in both groups and was maintained for 24 months. At each follow‐up time point, there were no differences in home and 24‐h flow SBP, DBP, or Scr between the two groups. There were two cases of severe renal artery complications from implanted vascular stents and one case of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm in the 3DRA group. At follow‐up, 1 (1.9%) patient in the 3DRA group died of unexplained death and 1 (1.9%) patient developed heart failure, and 1 (1.9%) patient in the BMRA group died of unexplained death. Basket multi‐electrode radiofrequency ablation and 3D reconstruction radiofrequency ablation of the renal artery applied to RDN have comparable efficacy in reducing systolic blood pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The responsivity and specific detectivity are critical figures of merits for organic photodetectors; however, it remains challenging to simultaneously enhance two such parameters, since enhancing external quantum efficiency corresponding to responsivities will inevitably increase leakage current and noises, resulting in decreased specific detectivity. To address such a trade‐off, an effective anode interfacial layer of 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) doped copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) is developed herein, which can enhance shunt resistance, increase depletion width, enhance hole extraction efficiency, as well as reduce trap density of states of organic photodetectors. The organic photodetectors based on doped CuSCN present a very low dark current density of 4.4 × 10−11 A cm−2 and an impressively high specific detectivity of 1.1 × 1014 Jones. As evidenced by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, the energy levels of the doped CuSCN:TCNQ film are deepened, associated with the occurrence of dopant bonding and charge transfer. In addition, it is found that increasing the delay time can suppress the hysteresis effects of current density–voltage characteristics of organic photodetectors and make the minimum dark current density obtainable at 0 V. These findings demonstrate the great potential of using molecular doping to adjust the anode interfacial layer for developing high‐performance organic photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimizing energy loss in organic solar cells (OSCS) is critical for attaining high photovoltaic performance. Among the parameters that correlated to photovoltaic performance, the energy offsets between donor–acceptor pairs play a vital role in photoelectric conversion processes. For so far reported a large number of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), only Y6 and its derivatives can achieve external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) over 80% with negligible energy offsets when combined with polymeric donors. Thus, understanding the relationship between energy offsets and energy losses in representative NFAs is the key to further enhancing the efficiency of OSCs. In this study, a series of wide‐bandgap polymer donors based on pyrrolo[3,4‐f]benzotriazole‐5,7(6H)‐dione (TzBI) and benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c′] dithiophene‐4,8‐dione building blocks are combined with representative NFAs, including ITIC and Y6, to gain deep insights into their photovoltaic performances and related energy losses. Outstanding EQEs (≈70%) and suppressed non‐radiative recombination are achieved at negligible energy offsets. Moreover, it is noted that a prolonged exciton lifetime of acceptor is not essential to obtain high EQEs in OSCs with negligible energy offsets. Eventually, ITIC derivatives with high electroluminescence efficiencies and near‐infrared absorptions have the potential to be assembled to obtain high‐efficiency OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional layered double hydroxides (2D LDHs) have attracted extensive attention in the field of biomedicine owing to various advantages, including biocompatibility, biodegradation, pH responsiveness, anion exchange effect, and easy functionalization. Based on the essential characteristics of LDHs nanosheets, this review introduces the construction strategies of relevant LDH-based materials, systematically expounds on the basic principle of preparation, and comprehensively presents the recent advances in this field. With a hydrotalcite-like crystal structure, the biological function and biocompatibility of LDHs nanosheets depend on the types of divalent and trivalent ions in its plate structure, hence, the functional element ions are summarized to provide a reference for the design and construction of LDH-based biomaterials. In the past few decades, LDH-based materials have been gradually applied from nano-system to functional modification of surface and 3D doping of body-system, and have made important progress in biomedicine as nanomaterials, surface coatings, and 3D components. Therefore, herein, biomedical applications of LDHs in nano-, surface- and body-systems are emphasized. Centered on LDH-based nano- and surface-systems, LDH-based nanomaterials including conventional LDHs nanosheets, evolved LDHs single-layer nanosheets, LDHs nanohybrids, and LDHs nanocomposites, and LDH-based coating including in situ and non in situ coatings are systematically introduced. For the LDHs-dopped body-system, the existing form of LDHs in bodies and its biological applications in 3D printing bioinks, injectable hydrogels, and polymer porous scaffolds and electrospinning fibers are comprehensively analyzed. Although many challenges remain, this excellent material is expected to facilitate clinical transformation and breakthrough medical achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Size effect of Pt nanoparticle (NPs) on electrocatalysis should be investigated in a wide size range and a narrow distribution. The surfactants used for size control were detrimental to exploring size effect. However, the largest size of Pt colloidal NPs was limited to ∼5 nm without surfactant, which is insufficient for investigating size effect. In this work, surfactant-free Pt colloidal NPs with a wider size range from 1.8 to 10.0 nm were synthesized by controlling the ratio of NaOH and Pt salts in the ethylene glycol by oil-bath heating. Assisted by the precise control of Pt size, the size effect on the electrooxidation of CO, methanol and ethanol was studied, showing that the optimal size varied from the specific catalytic reaction. The synthesis extended the upper limit of large Pt NPs by surfactant-free method, showing potentials in preparing other precious metal NPs with a wide size range. [Display omitted] • Wide size range synthesis of surfactant-free colloidal Pt nanoparticles in alkaline ethylene glycol. • Water accelerates the rate of particle formation. • Temperature increases the conversion of Pt precursor rather than the size. • The wide range is sufficient to study size effect on electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study explored the effects of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA methylation in lung cancer (LC). Method: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples as well as LC and normal adjacent tissues were collected from 72 LC patients and 35 patients with benign pulmonary nodules. Quantitative analysis of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA methylation was performed in benign pulmonary nodules and different stages of LC. The diagnostic value of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA methylation in LC and benign pulmonary nodules was determined by receiver operating characteristics analysis. Gain/loss-of-function experiments were constructed in LC cells and mouse models of xenograft and pulmonary nodule metastasis. The levels of SHOX2 and transfer-associated genes were tested through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Malignant phenotype of LC cells was assessed by functional experiment. The tumor volume and weight of mice in xenograft models were measured. Pulmonary nodule metastasis was determined through HE staining assay. 5-azacytidine appeared as a positive control drug. Result: SHOX2 DNA methylation or RASSF1A DNA methylation had diagnostic efficiency in pulmonary nodules and early LC, with the two combined having better diagnostic value. SHOX2 expression was upregulated in LC. Similar to 5-azacytidine, SHOX2 knockdown inhibited LC cell viability, migration, and invasion in vitro as well as restrained LC tumorigenesis and pulmonary nodule metastasis in vivo, whereas overexpressed SHOX2 had the opposite effects. Conclusion: The combination of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA methylation had a diagnostic value in pulmonary nodules and early LC. SHOX2 positively modulated the tumorigenesis and metastasis of LC by regulating DNA methylation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene, a new class of 2D layered materials, is considered a candidate for the reverse electrodialysis (RED) film because the laminated MXene nanochannels with charged functional groups provide an excellent ionic selectivity and conductivity. However, the MXene‐based ion‐exchange films suffer from weak mechanical properties and instability in water due to the poor binding force between the nanosheets, which limits their RED performance. Here, inspired by natural nacre structure, a class of cation‐MXene/cation holocellulose nanofibers (C‐MXene/C‐HNF) composite film with high performance for harvesting nanofluidic osmotic is developed. C‐HNF acts as interlocking agent to connect the MXene nanosheets by hydrogen bonding, resulting a mechanically robust and water stable film. The introduction of C‐HNF not only increases the interlayer interaction force, but also enhances the ion transport flux. When the content of C‐HNF is 20%, the tensile stress, fracture strain, and toughness of the composite film reach up to 127.75 ± 1.61 MPa, 3.50 ± 0.1%, and 2.95 ± 0.52 MJ m−3, respectively. Additionally, the composite film can produce an impressive output power density of up to 1.09 W m−2 under a 50‐fold salinity gradient (0.01/0.5 m NaCl), and only decreases by 4.58% after 50 days, demonstrating good stability and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Occurrence and trophic transfer of 6 parabens and their metabolite were investigated. • MeP and 4-HB were the dominant target pollutants in marine organisms. • The values of log BAF were in the order of 4-HB > MeP > PrP. • The values of BSAF were in the order of MeP > 4-HB > PrP. • MeP was biomagnified, while 4-HB was biodiluted in the Beibu gulf. Parabens are of particular concern due to their ubiquity in aquatic environments and endocrine-disrupting effects. However, information on their bioaccumulation and trophic magnification is limited. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive survey to investigate the occurrence, bioaccumulation and trophic magnification of parabens and their metabolite 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HB) in a marine food web from the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. Results showed that methylparaben (MeP) and 4-HB were the predominant target pollutants in marine organisms, with their concentrations being in the range of 0.18–13.77 and 13.48–222.24 ng/g wet weight, respectively. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for target analytes were all lower than 5000, suggesting negligible bioaccumulation. However, the biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for MeP and 4-HB were 4.51 and 3.21, respectively, which indicates significant bioaccumulation from the sediment. Furthermore, the estimated trophic magnification factor (TMF) was 2.88 for MeP, suggesting its biomagnification along the food web. In contrast, a lower TMF of 0.45 was found for 4-HB, suggesting trophic dilution along the food web. The hazard quotients (HQs) for parabens were far less than 1 in all organisms, suggesting low risks for humans through consuming marine organisms from the Beibu Gulf. This study provides substantial data on the fate and trophic transfer of parabens in a subtropical marine ecosystem. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photorechargeable supercapacitors are hailed as emerging energy storage devices, capable of efficiently transforming solar energy into electrical power, offering a new potential technological pathway to meet the current societal energy demands. This work utilizes TiO 2 and CdS to construct a Type II heterojunction to enhance light absorption and promote the efficient transfer of photo-generated charges, employing Ni 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 as a pseudocapacitive active material to improve the energy storage performance of the capacitors. The NF/TiO 2 /CdS/Ni 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 composite supercapacitor exhibits excellent photo and dark capacitance performance. Under illumination, a high specific capacitance of 6730 mF cm−2 (equal to 3348 F g−1 or 418.5 mAh g−1) was achieved, which is 11.1% increment to that of under dark conditions (3013.5 F g−1) at the same current density, surpassing most of the state-of-the-art similar photorechargeable supercapacitors in previous reports. In addition, the supercapacitor maintains a capacitance retention rate of 82.3% after 2500 cycles, showing excellent charge-discharge cycle stability. Mechanistic studies indicate that during the charge-discharge process of the photorechargeable capacitor, photo-generated electron-hole pairs produced by the TiO 2 /CdS heterojunction facilitate the interconversion of Ni2+ and Ni3+ ions in Ni 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 , thereby enhancing the energy storage capability of the supercapacitor. This research provides considerable referential value for future explorations in high-capacity photorechargeable supercapacitors. TiO 2 /CdS/Ni 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 photoelectrode-based photorechargeable supercapacitor with a high specific capacitance of 6730 mF cm-2. [Display omitted] • TiO 2 /CdS/Ni 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 was fabricated for photorechargeable supercapacitor. • NF/TiO 2 /CdS/Ni 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 based supercapacitor exhibits excellent specific capacitance of 6730 mF cm−2. • excellent charge-discharge cycle stability with maintaining 91.4% capacitance retention after 800 cycles. • Machenism study reveals that the interconversion of Ni2+/Ni3+ ions plays a significant role in boosting the energy storage capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Due to the high integration advantage of seven-core fiber (SCF), it is easier to excite higher-order modes and realize mode interference during the taper process than single mode fiber (SMF). • Compared with the tapered SMF sensor operating near the dispersion turning point, the tapered SCF sensor proposed in this paper has higher sensitivity in axial strain measurement up to 391.2 pm/με. • The tapered SCF sensor fabricated by the one-step tapering method have good experimental repeatability and reproducibility. An axial strain and temperature sensor based on a tapered seven-core fiber (SCF) operating at the dispersion turning point (DTP) is proposed. The tapered SCF sensor with DTP was fabricated by the one-step tapering method, and its axial strain characteristics and temperature characteristics were simulated and experimentally investigated. The experimental results show that the tapered SCF sensor operates near DTP with the highest axial strain sensitivity and temperature sensitivity, consistent with the simulation results. The maximum axial strain sensitivity of the tapered SCF sensor is 391.2 pm/με in the range of 0–300 με, and the maximum temperature sensitivity is 6.44 nm/°C in the range of 30-70°C. The sensor is highly sensitive to axial strain and temperature. It is promising for measuring physical quantities such as weak strain and temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Oleanolic acid (OA) was first introduced as a stabilizer to prepare W/O emulsions. • OA would self-assemble into NPs to cover the water–oil interface for stabilization. • Higher OA concentration or φ can improve the elasticity and viscosity of emulsions. • Emulsions were effective carriers for EGCG against UV irradiation and heating. • Emulsions can protect EGCG in the stomach and control its release in the intestine. Water-in-oil (W/O) Pickering emulsions have wide applications in the food industries. However, the existing W/O Pickering particles have disadvantages such as lack of bioactivity and poor stability. In this study, naturally occurring bioactive oleanolic acid (OA) was used as a novel emulsifier for W/O emulsions. Results revealed that rod-like OA could formulate into spherical nanoparticles by self-assembly, and then be anchored onto the oil–water interface to stabilize the emulsions. Besides, both OA concentration and internal water fraction (φ) had significant effect on the properties of emulsions. Furthermore, the resulted emulsions exhibited potential application as carriers for epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which significantly improved its UV and thermal stability. Meanwhile, it could effectively protect EGCG from gastric digestion, and controlled release in the intestine. This work demonstrated the successful application of OA as a stabilizer for W/O emulsions, and provided valuable insight into its potential as delivery system for hydrophilic instable compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Modified xylan with good amphiphilicity was obtained under mild reaction conditions by hydroxypropylsulfonation. • HSX exhibited a satisfactory dispersion efficiency of MWCNTs in water. • The aerogels were prepared by freeze-casting technology which reveals excellent mechanical performance. • The aerogel is utilized to construct a pressure sensor, which exhibit high sensitivity (S = 2.17 kPa−1) and impressive responsiveness. Currently, aerogels are promising for wearable pressure sensors due to their superior flexibility and high sensitivity. However, uniform dispersion of conductive solid filler is a critical step in the preparation process. Herein, xylan with good amphiphilicity was obtained by hydroxypropylsulfonation under mild reaction conditions, which is accepted as a dispersant for multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in water. The hydroxypropylsulfonated xylan (HSX) exhibited a satisfactory dispersion efficiency reached to 97.8 %. After standing for 20 days, there are still 76 % of MWCNTs stabilized in the dispersion. Then, the ultralight, flexible and superstable anisotropic aerogels were prepared by freeze-casting technology. The obtained aerogel reveals excellent mechanical performance, with a great compressibility (undergoing a strain of 70 %) and elasticity (91.8 % height retention after 100 cycles at a strain of 20 %). As a proof of concept, the HSX/MWCNTs aerogel is utilized to construct a pressure sensor, which exhibit high sensitivity (S = 2.17 kPa−1) and impressive responsiveness to human motions. This work demonstrates a promising flexible electronic material for wearable electronics, electronic skin, and human motion monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mg-Li-Zn alloy with high Zn content (12 wt %) is subjected to solid solution treatment. • After solid solution treatment, α-Mg remains in β-Li matrix of Mg − Li − Zn alloy,. • After solid solution treatment, MgLiZn and MgLi 2 Zn phases disappear. • The treated Mg-Li-Zn alloy shows enhanced anti-corrosion and yielding strength. • The treated Mg-Li-Zn alloy shows improved osteogenesis induction capability. Microstructure, mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and osteogenesis of as-cast Mg-11 wt% Li-12 wt% Zn alloy were investigated before and after solid solution treatment. Massive MgLiZn and MgLi 2 Zn phases were formed in the as-cast sample, resulting in micro-galvanic corrosion and high corrosion rate. After the solid solution treatment, the lath-shaped α-Mg phase remained in the β-Li matrix, whereas the large MgLiZn and MgLi 2 Zn phases dissolved in it, resulting in enhanced the corrosion resistance. Moreover, the yielding strength of the as-cast sample was improved from 136 to 260 MPa after treatment. In addition, the solid solution-treated Mg-Li-Zn exhibited improved induction of the alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenesis-related gene expression in rBSMCs, confirming its promising potential for orthopedic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The graphical abstract was the following. The present study prepared an ultra-small Ag nanoparticles-loaded random coil lichenan nanocomposite (L-AgNP) through a green one-step reduction strategy using lichenan as the reducing agent. The homogeneous L-AgNP nanocomposite could catalyze the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (∼120 s, 34.34 × 10−3 s−1), and also exhibited favorable antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with more than 98 % disinfection ratio. [Display omitted] • Developed a micro AgNPs loaded homogeneous catalyst with lichenan as reductant. • The catalytic efficiency of L-AgNP was enhanced with smaller sizes/higher Ag content. • L-AgNP displayed high-efficiently reduced 4-nitrophenol and dyes with higher TOF. • L-AgNP could achieve more than 95 % conversion rate even after ten cycles. • L-AgNP exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Developing an eco-friendly and efficient homogeneous catalyst for treating complex wastewater containing toxic organic pollutants and bacteria is in significant demand. Herein, ultra-small Ag nanoparticles (NPs)-loaded random coil lichenan nanocomposite (L-AgNP) was prepared through a low-cost and green one-step in-situ reduction strategy using lichenan as the reducing agent. The random coil of lichenan acted as a micro-reactor to disperse and stabilize AgNPs via the Ag-O bonding interaction. In the participation of NaBH 4 , L-AgNP nanocomposite could achieve greater catalytic efficiency for catalyzing reduction of 4-nitrophenol (∼120 s, 34.34 × 10−3 s−1) with the smaller size of AgNPs or the higher content of Ag. The nanocatalyst also exhibited outstanding catalytic efficiency for congo red, rhodamine B, methylene blue, and methyl orange. The L-AgNP could be easily recycled through ethanol precipitation and continuously reused for ten cycles with a tiny loss of conversion rate. Furthermore, L-AgNP also displayed favorable antibacterial activity, inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with more than 98 % disinfection ratio. This work provides a green strategy to develop polysaccharide-based multifunctional homogeneous catalysts focusing on wastewater purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the optical activation of Eu-doped KTiOAsO 4 (KTA) by ion implantation and the effect on luminescence activity during lattice recovery. Optical activation of KTA crystals implanted with 400 keV Eu ions at an ion fluence of 5 × 1015 ions/cm2 is investigated. Despite a high damage level induced by the implantation, doping of Eu into KTA results in a strong photoluminescence in the temperature range from 4 K to 300 K, the strongest peak appears at 612 nm, which corresponding to the 5D 0 -7F 2 transition. The lattice strain and Raman spectroscopy of the implanted KTA before and after annealing at 600°C and 700°C showed that the lattice defects are effectively recovered under annealing. Furthermore, the lattice damage effect on photoluminescence of ion-implanted Eu-doped KTA is negligible, indicating that ion implantation is an important method to obtain intense photoluminescence. The results reveal the optical activation properties of Eu implanted KTA and the attractiveness of its applications in waveguide quantum reservoirs. [Display omitted] • Robust photoluminescence of Eu doped KTiOAsO 4 at room temperature were obtained. • Temperature-dependent PL indicates weak interaction between electrons and holes. • Emission intensity of Eu-KTA is nearly 80 orders of magnitude larger than RTP and KTP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone implantation inevitably causes damage to surrounding vasculature, resulting in a hypoxic microenvironment that hinders bone regeneration. Although titanium (Ti)-based devices are widely used as bone implants, their inherent bioinert surface leads to poor osteointegration. Herein, a strontium peroxide (SrO 2)-decorated Ti implant, Ti_P@SrO 2 , was constructed through coating with poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) to alleviate the hypoxic microenvironment and transform the bioinert surface of the implant into a bioactive surface. PLLA degradation resulted in an acidic microenvironment and the release of SrO 2 nanoparticles. The acidic microenvironment then accelerated the decomposition of SrO 2 , resulting in the release of O 2 and Sr ions. O 2 released from Ti_P@SrO 2 can alleviate the hypoxic microenvironment, thus enhancing cell proliferation in an O 2 -insufficient microenvironment. Furthermore, under hypoxic and normal microenvironments, Ti_P@SrO 2 enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and bone-related gene expression in C3H10T1/2 cells with the continuous release of Sr ions. Meanwhile, Ti_P@SrO 2 suppressed M1 polarization and promoted M2 polarization of bone marrow-derived monocytes under hypoxic and normal conditions. Furthermore, in a rat implantation model, the implant enhanced new bone formation and improved osteointegration after modification with SrO 2. In summary, the newly designed O 2 - and Sr ion-releasing Ti implants are promising for applications in bone defects. • A biodegradable SrO 2 incorporated PLLA coatings was prepapred on Ti implants. • The coating can gradual degrade and release of O 2 and Sr ions. • The coating can improve cell activity under hypoxia micro-environment. • The coating-modified Ti showed great anti-inflammatory and osteogenesis activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Utilize partially delignified stalk as a scaffold for in-situ formation of NZVI. • Enhance the application of Fe0 as reductants for treating polluted surface water body. • Increase O 2 resistance of Fe0 nano particles by wrapping with lignin in the stalk. • Lignin affects competitive reaction advantage of 2, 4-dichlorophenol and O 2 with Fe0. • The phenolic hydroxy and methoxy groups act as electron donors to Fe0 and Fe2+. Nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) as reductants for pollutant removal is commonly studied. Nevertheless, its poor resistance to O 2 restricts its applicability, especially for polluted surface water bodies treatment. Here we proposed a method to enhance the O 2 resistance of NZVI by in-situ synthesis on a partially delignified stalk (SS/Fe). Compared to NZVI, SS/Fe did not ignite when exposed to air pulse during preparation, possessed a 56.1 % higher remaining 2, 4-dichlorophenol degradation performance after 28-day air exposure, and degraded 2, 4-dichlorophenol in the presence of O 2 with an equal efficiency to that under N 2. The characterization and DFT results indicated that the residual lignin in the stalk played a key role in controlling the structure and O 2 resistance of NZVI. Lignin in the stalk wrapped and anchored ∼ 2 nm NZVI forming a spherical particle of size 49 ± 21 nm which further aggregated forming a tertiary structure of size 790 ± 280 nm. During air exposure, the phenolic hydroxy and methoxy groups in lignin changed the reaction equilibrium among Fe0, Fe2+, and Fe3+ by reducing Fe3+ and acting as electron donors for Fe0 and Fe2+. During 2, 4-dichlorophenol degradation, the lignin wrapping resulted in superior adsorption of 2, 4-dichlorophenol on SS/Fe and a lower electron transfer path between 2, 4-dichlorophenol and SS/Fe compared with that of interaction between O 2 and SS/Fe. This work provided a feasible method to facilitate the application of NZVI in treating polluted surface water bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stretchable and tough hydrogels have been extensively used in tissue engineering scaffolds and flexible electronics. However, it is still a significant challenge to prepare hydrogels with both tensile strength and toughness by utilizing xylan, which is abundant in nature. Herein, we present a novel hydrogel of carboxymethyl xylan(CMX) graft gelatin (G) and doped with conductive hydroxyl carbon nanotubes (OCNT). CMX and G are combined through amide bonding as well as intermolecular hydrogen bonding to form a semi-interpenetrating hydrogel network. The hydrogel was further subjected to salting-out treatment, which induced the aggregation of the CMX-g-G molecular chain and the formation of chain bundles to toughen the hydrogel, the tensile strain, tensile stress, and toughness of CMX-g-G hydrogels were 1.547 MPa, 324 %, and 2.31 MJ m−3, respectively. In addition, OCNT was used as a conductive filler to impart electrical conductivity and further improve the mechanical properties of CMX-g-G/OCNT hydrogel, and a tensile strength of 1.62 MPa was obtained. Thus, the synthesized CMX-g-G/OCNT hydrogel can be used as a reliable and sensitive strain sensor for monitoring human activity. This study opens up new horizons for the preparation of xylan-based high-performance hydrogels. Carboxymethyl xylan crosslinked with gelatin to form hydrogel matrix and doped with OCNT to prepare conductive hydrogels, which were induced to form hydrophobic interaction region toughened hydrogels by salting-out effect and used as flexible sensors. [Display omitted] • Formation of a cross-linking network between the xylan and the gelatin by a covalent amide bond. • Toughening hydrogels by introducing hydrophobic interaction region into the hydrogel network through salting-out effect. • The prepared CMX-g-G/OCNT hydrogels have outstanding mechanical properties and can be used as flexible sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A self-healing coating was prepared on a magnesium surface using a simple deposition method. • The prepared coating exhibited excellent corrosion resistance and self-healing ability. • The prepared coating demonstrated good biocompatibility. To improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of magnesium (Mg) for biomedical applications, a novel coating comprising self-healing dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) was applied to Mg using a simple deposition method, without the need for the addition of corrosion inhibitors. Scratch and immersion tests demonstrated that the prepared coating displayed impressive self-healing capabilities, with artificial scratches within 4 h when exposed to 0.9 wt% NaCl solution. The electrochemical test suggested that the DCPD-coating, whether scratched or not, provided effective corrosion protection for the Mg substrate. In vitro cell culture results revealed that the DCPD-coated samples exhibited superior biocompatibility compared to pure Mg. This work offers a new perspective on designing self-healing coatings for Mg, eliminating the need for additional corrosion inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The significance of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels as a routine biochemical test is often overlooked. • Our study highlights that high baseline serum LDH levels have a negative effect on the progression of adverse cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). • AMI patients with elevated baseline LDH levels are more likely to have enlarged hearts and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction during follow-up. • LDH levels can be considered in predicting long-term changes in cardiac structure and function after AMI, especially in the elderly. Impairment of cardiac function progresses after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a marker of cardiac injury and an enzyme in anaerobic glycolysis, is suggested as a risk factor for patient mortality in inflammatory diseases. In this study, 448 older and 445 younger AMI patients were recruited and followed up. The effect of baseline serum LDH on post-infarction cardiac function was assessed at follow-up. Elderly patients in the high baseline LDH group had a high risk of being diagnosed with cardiac insufficiency during follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.643, P = 0.007), and the follow-up left ventricular ejection fraction of the quartile subgroup tended to decrease with increasing in baseline serum LDH (adjusted odds ratio: 1.301, P = 0.001) for each 100 U/L increase. The LVDd and LVVd of elderly patients in the high LDH group were not significantly different from those of patients in the normal LDH group at baseline but were further increased in the high LDH group at follow-up. In younger patients, the effect of LDH on post-infarction cardiac structure and function was similar to that in older patients, but unlike older patients, Cox regression analysis showed that LDH was not the predominant influence. Longitudinal changes in cardiac function were independently associated with high baseline serum LDH levels in patients with AMI. Baseline LDH levels are superior to other myocardial injury markers and may be a useful parameter in predicting future cardiac dysfunction after AMI, especially in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An axial strain and temperature sensor based on tapered biased four-core fiber (BFCF) operating at the dispersion turning point (DTP) is proposed. The non-adiabatic tapered BFCF (Non-AT BFCF) and adiabatic tapered BFCF (AT BFCF) operating at the DTP were fabricated using the two-step tapering method and the one-step tapering method, respectively, and their axial strain and temperature characteristics were simulated and experimentally investigated. The experimental results show that the maximum sensing sensitivities of Non-AT BFCF are 365.6 pm/με and 2904 pm/°C in the ranges of 0–200 με and 30–70 °C, respectively. The maximum sensing sensitivities of AT-BFCF are 261.14 pm/με and 2280 pm/°C in the ranges of 0–300 με and 30–70 °C, respectively. The sensor is highly sensitive to axial strain and temperature. It has a promising future in measuring physical quantities such as weak strain and temperature. [Display omitted] • Non-adiabatic tapered and adiabatic tapered biased four-core fiber sensors have been fabricated. • The proposed sensors are easier to excite higher-order modes and realize mode interference during the taper process. • The strain measurement sensitivity of the sensors operating at the dispersion turning point is significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrazine (N 2 H 4) is a highly toxic and versatile chemical raw material, which poses a serious threat to the environment and human health when used in large quantities. However, the traditional methods for the detection of N 2 H 4 have the disadvantages of time-consuming, complicated operation and expensive instruments. In contrast, fluorescence probes have many advantages, such as simple operation, high sensitivity, good selectivity, and fast response time. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fluorescence probe that can rapidly and accurately detect the presence of N 2 H 4 and monitor the changes in its concentration. For this purpose, we designed and synthesized a series of myricetin fluorescence probes 3-(substituent group)-5,7-dimethoxy-4-oxo-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy. phenyl)-4 H -chromen-4-one (Myr-R) for N 2 H 4 detection. In the presence of N 2 H 4 , the probe 5,7-dimethoxy-3-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoate)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphen-yl). -4 H -chr-omen-4-one (Myr-3) shows significant fluorescence changes, double emission properties and a large Stokes shift (183 nm), and exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity to N 2 H 4 (The detection limit is 93 nM). Importantly, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of N 2 H 4 in water, soil, and air can be accomplished using fluorescence, smartphone, and UV lamps coupled with Myr-3. In addition, Myr-3 can be used for monitoring and imaging intracellular N 2 H 4. Meanwhile, the fluorophore 3-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-benzopyran-4-one (Myr-Me) was applied to fingerprinting of different substrate materials due to the fact that it exhibits strong yellow fluorescence emission in the solid state and shows excellent contrast and high resolution. The probe Myr-3 is not only able to rapidly detect N 2 H 4 in complex environments, but also can be used for imaging intracellular N 2 H 4. In addition, the fluorophore Myr-Me can be used as an effective imaging agent for visual fingerprinting. These properties enable the probe Myr-3 and the fluorophore Myr-Me for a wide range of potential applications in related fields. [Display omitted] • Myricetin-based fluorescence systems with AIE and ESIPT properties are constructed. • A novel fluorescent probe (Mry-3) for the detection of hydralazine was synthesized. • Mry-3 exhibits good selectivity, sensitivity and low detection limit for hydrazine. • Mry-3 can be used for real-time monitoring of hydrazine in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass is one of the powerful alternatives to petroleum-based packaging materials. Herein, carboxymethyl hemicellulose (CMH) based films (CPF) were prepared using a convenient strategy. The chains of CMH provided the necessary supporting matrix, and the aminopropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS-NH 2) regulated the thermal and barrier properties of the CPF. The secondary amide groups and hydrogen bond were appeared in chemical structure, and SEM-EDS results indicated the preferable dispersion and compatibility of POSS-NH 2 in CPFs. The thermal degradation temperature (T onset > 260 °C), the coefficient of linear thermal expansion and glass transition temperature (T g > 130 °C) have been improved by introduction of POSS-NH 2. The tensile strength of CPF showed a higher level of 39.43 MPa with the POSS-NH 2 loading of 20 wt%, which was 18.8 % higher than that of CMH film. More importantly, water vapor barrier property of films almost improved by two times, and its value is reduced to 18.82 g m−2 h−1. The shelf life of blueberry was effectively extended by the CPF coating for one week compared with commercial PE film. Therefore, CPF films displayed effective thermal performances, water vapor barrier characteristic and biodegradability, which might be exploited in packaging material for food application. [Display omitted] • Use of carboxymethylated bamboo hemicellulose for biodegradable films • POSS-NH 2 were cross-linked with CMH films by amide bond. • The comprehensive thermal performances of the CMH films have been improved. • Excellent water vapor barrier property has the application prospect for packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difference of peroxide decomposition on carbon nitrides (CNx) supported the transition-metal oxide catalysts is the key to EB oxidation activity and product selectivity. [Display omitted] • Ethylbenzene (EB) oxidation catalyzed by transition-metal oxides catalysts is performed. • Co 3 O 4 /CN x displays the highest activity and considerable acetophenone(AcPO) selectivity. • CuO/CN x shows the moderate activity and highest AcPO selectivity. • The difference of peroxide decomposition on catalyst is the key to EB oxidation activity and product selectivity. Selective oxidation of aromatics via a free-radical process is a crucial ingredient in the chemical industry, in which the transformation of hydroperoxide was considered the key step to facilitate the reaction. In this study, the aerobic oxidation of ethylbenzene (EB) to acetophenone (AcPO) catalyzed by carbon nitrides (CN x) supported the transition-metal oxides was performed. Among these catalysts, Co 3 O 4 /CN x displayed the highest activity with 48.09 % EB conversion and 77.8 % AcPO selectivity, due to the efficient decomposition of 1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide (PEHP). Notably, in the case of CuO/CN x , the relatively low EB conversion (19.8 %) and high selectivity of AcPO (70.2 %) were observed, while almost no PEHP was detected. Further mechanism investigations revealed that the decomposition of hydroperoxide over CuO/CN x was too fast to generate the reactive free-radicals, which could not efficiently facilitate the propagation steps. Moreover, the addition of tert -butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) participated in the α-H abstraction of EB and facilitated of radical propagation, showing the distinguished activities over Co 3 O 4 /CN x and CuO/CN x. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a typical non-axisymmetric inflow, circumferential pressure inlet distortion was experimentally investigated in an axial flow compressor. Based on the obvious decreasing trend of stall margin with the enhancement of distorted intensity, the stall mechanism under the condition of maximum distorted intensity, namely, 24.57 %, was studied in detailed. The casing static pressure over the rotor blade tip along the chord and circumferential direction were measured using a collection of dynamic transducers. Results show that under the circumferential inlet distortion condition, the pressure disturbance is always generated downstream from the distorted region along the rotational direction, and circumferentially propagates until it disappears in the upstream of the distorted region. With the continuous throttling, if the pressure disturbance that has not completely disappeared in the undistorted region enters the distorted region again, its energy will be enhanced, finally induces the stall. Using the above understanding as a foundation to apply partial tip air injection to suppress the disturbance caused by the circumferential inlet distortion, and resist its adverse effect on stall margin to ensure the safe operation of the compressor. It demonstrated that the tip air injection applied in the downstream of the distorted region can obtained the largest stall margin on the premise of the same injected momentum. For the strongest distortion case (DC (60) equals to 24.57 %), the injectors fixed downstream the distorted region can reduce the number and scale of the spike disturbances, suppress the local tip leakage vortex, and decrease the amplitude of the pressure disturbance energy, thus a maximum stall margin improvement of 3.18 % is obtained. However, tip air injection in the undistorted region cannot contribute the stall margin improvement that it leads to stronger tip leakage vortex and earlier stall inception. This study provides a guideline to design the non-axisymmetric tip air injection for circumferential inlet distortion with a help of injected mass flow and energy reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective fractionation of hemicelluloses is of great significance for realizing high-value application of hemicelluloses and comprehensive utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solvent has been confirmed as a promising solvent to selectively fractionate hemicelluloses from holocellulose. Herein, TMAH solvent was adopted to pretreat poplar thermomechanical pulp (PTMP) for the selective fractionation of hemicelluloses and enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis performance of residues. The maximal hemicelluloses yield (65.0 %) and excellent cellulose retention rate (93.3 %) were achieved after pretreatment by the 25 wt% TMAH solvent, while the delignification was only 33.9 %. The hemicelluloses fractions could be selectively fractionated with high molecular weights (109,800–118,500 g/mol), the contents of Klason lignin in them were low (3.2–5.9 %), and the dominating structure of them was 4- O -methylglucurono- β -D-xylan. Compared to the H 2 SO 4 and NaOH methods, the hemicelluloses fractionated by TMAH method exhibited higher yields, more complete structures and higher molecular weights. Furthermore, the crystalline structure of cellulose practically remained stable, and the highest yield of enzymatic hydrolysis glucose was 57.5 %, which was 3.3 times of that of PTMP. The fractionation effectiveness of TMAH solvent was not significantly reduced after repeatedly recycling. This work demonstrated TMAH solvent could selectively fractionate hemicelluloses from PTMP and efficiently promote sustainable poplar-based biorefinery. • TMAH could selectively fractionate hemicelluloses from PTMP at room temperature. • Hemicelluloses showed a relatively good homogeneity in the form of macromolecules. • The contents of Klason lignin in hemicelluloses fractions were low (3.2–5.9 %). • The residues represented excellent cellulose retention rates (>93.3 %). • TMAH solvent exhibited recyclability for hemicelluloses fractionation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]