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Background: To evaluate the effect and factors associated with the reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) after intravitreal conbercept or aflibercept. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 176 eyes diagnosed with ROP and treated with anti-VEGF therapy between January 2018 and September 2022. The rate of reactivation and complications were assessed during the follow-up period. The factors of reactivation of ROP after intravitreal conbercept or aflibercept were analyzed on the basis of clinical factors and retinal parameters. Results: Reactivation of ROP occurred in 10 eyes (13.9%) after intravitreal conbercept and 13 eyes (12.5%) after intravitreal aflibercept (P = 0.79). The interval between injection and reactivation was significantly longer in the aflibercept group than in the conbercept group (15.50 ± 4.05 vs. 5.36 ± 0.50 weeks) (P < 0.001). The central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) of aggressive ROP was larger than that of type 1 prethreshold and threshold ROP before anti-VEGF therapy (P < 0.05). Zone I and stage 3 exhibited a positive correlation with the reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) [odds ratio (OR) = 20.15, 5.02]. The changes in CRAE of pre-and post-therapy and gestational age were identified as potential protective factors for these outcomes (OR = 0.23, 0.49). Conclusions: Conbercept and aflibercept are effective for treating ROP. Aflibercept resulted in longer treatment intervals compared to conbercept. Zone, stage, and gestational age were associated with the reactivation of ROP. CRAE was associated with not only the severity of ROP but also its reactivation. Additionally, it may be an objective indicator in the early indication and follow-up of ROP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical relevance: Clinical assessment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) relies on biomarkers that do not necessarily reflect the contributions of vascular dysfunction. Validation of clinically accessible methods of measuring retinal vascular integrity could provide a more holistic understanding of AMD-related changes to facilitate appropriate care. Background: There is conflicting evidence if retinal vessel calibre is significantly altered in the early stages of AMD. This study examined the outer and inner diameters of first order retinal vessels in intermediate AMD eyes using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Retinal en face (6 × 6 mm) OCT images were examined in a single eye of participants with intermediate AMD (n = 46) versus normal macula (n = 43) for arterioles (all identifiable) and venules (40/46 and 39/43 identifiable). All participants were aged ≥50 years without diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or other systemic vascular disease. Results: Intra- and inter-grader agreement was good-to-excellent for all en face OCT measurements of arteriole and venule diameters (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.87 to 0.99). Arteriolar outer diameters (82.3 ± 19.8 µm vs 73.8 ± 16.1 µm; p < 0.05) and inner diameters (35.1 ± 8.4 µm vs 31.5 ± 8.1 µm; p < 0.05) were significantly greater in AMD eyes compared to normal eyes. Venular inner diameter was significantly greater (43.1 ± 9.5 µm vs 39.2 ± 10.1 µm; p < 0.05), but outer diameter remained unchanged (p = 0.17) in AMD eyes compared to normal eyes. Conclusion: Arteriolar dilation and altered venular inner diameter were observed in intermediate AMD eyes. These results support further investigation of vascular contributions to AMD in the early stages of disease, possibly using the en face OCT imaging modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]