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The soaking process of glutinous rice allows the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, which can easily cause food safety problems. In this work, the effects of different ultrasonic powers (150 W, 300 W, 450 W, and 600 W) on the bactericidal effect of glutinous rice, the physicochemical properties of starch and the quality characteristics of sweet dumplings were studied. Compared with soaking for 0 and 2 h, sonication of glutinous rice after soaking for 4 h was more effective at reducing the number of microorganisms in soaked glutinous rice, and the bactericidal effect increased with increasing ultrasound intensity. After 30 min, the total number of bacteria decreased by 2.04 log CFU/g. Moreover, ultrasonic treatment destroys the grain structure of glutinous rice starch, resulting in the formation of dents and cracks on the starch surface, increasing the amylose content, improving its expansion, reducing its short-range order and relative crystallinity, and altering its gelatinization characteristics. In addition, ultrasonic treatment increased the soup transparency of sweet dumplings from 51.8 % to 63.95 %, reducing their hardness, chewiness and adhesiveness. In summary, ultrasonic treatment can not only effectively kill microorganisms in soaked glutinous rice but also improve the quality of glutinous rice dumplings by changing the physicochemical properties of glutinous rice starch. The results of this study provide theoretical support for the application of ultrasonic technology in glutinous rice food production.

Hermetia illucens (HI) meal is a promising substitute for fish meal (FM) in the feeds of farmed fish. However, the impacts of dietary HI meal on largemouth bass (LMB) remain unknown. In this study, we formulated three isonitrogenous and isolipid diets with 0% (HI0, control), 20% (HI20) and 40% (HI40) of FM substituted by HI meal. A total of 270 juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 10.02 ± 0.03 g were used (30 fish per tank). After an 80-day feeding trial, the fish fed with the HI40 diet demonstrated decreased growth performance and protein efficiency ratio (PER), and increased liver oxidative indices and lipid accumulation compared to the control (P

Abstract Memristors are a candidate device for artificial neural systems due to their excellent conductance‐regulation ability and potential to simulate the characteristics of biological synapses. This study fabricated a Pt/TaOx/TiOy/Ti analog artificial synapse memristor that exhibits excellent multilevel storage property with a large on/off ratio of ≈660 times. The dynamic resistive switching mechanism is well expounded and validated by the reset stopping voltage dependent Schottky fitting results. Moreover, the essential biological synaptic characteristics such as long‐term potentiation/depression (LTP/D) and paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF) are successfully mimicked with a low pulse energy consumption of 12.69 nJ. A neuromorphic network constructed on the enhanced symmetry and linearity of conductance for this Pt/TaOx/TiOy/Ti memristive device can achieve 92.45% accuracy in recognizing handwritten pattern. These results demonstrate a significant potential for application Pt/TaOx/TiOy/Ti memristor in non‐volatile memory and bioinspired neuromorphic systems.

Objective: An analysis method for simultaneous determination of 59 kinds of chemical drugs illegally added in herbal tea by micro-QuEChERS method combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) was established. Method: The samples were extracted by ultrasonic extraction from acetonitrile solution for 5 min and salted out with sodium chloride (NaCl) and anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). Supernatant was purified with C18 sorbent and separated on a ACQUITY HSS T3 column (100 mm×2.1mm, 1.8 μm) by gradient elution using a mixture of 0.01% formic acid and acetonitrile:methanol (8:2) as the mobile phase. Then the analytes were quantified by UHPLC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) via positive and negative electrospray ionization quantified by external standard method. Result: The coefficient of determination of the standard calibration curves for the 59 analytes were all above 0.9990. The limit of detection (LOD, S/N≥3) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ, S/N≥10) were 5.0~10.0 and 10.0~25 μg/L. At three spiked of 25.0, 50.0 and 100.0 μg/L, the average recoveries of 59 analytes were 60.3%~128.8% (n=6) with the relative standard deviations in the range of 1.0%～13.7%. Conclusion: The method developed was simple, sensitive, and had good purification effect. It could be applied for the rapid determination of 59 chemical drugs illegally added in herbal tea.

In this paper, a new method is proposed and verified to eliminate the non-ideal resonance caused by DGS application in GCPW by adding via holes to reduce electromagnetic leakage. By adding a dense through-hole array around the dumbbell DGS can form an electrical wall to confine the electromagnetic to the central conductor. The test results show that the non-ideal resonance is eliminated after adding the through hole and a wide stopband from 16.1 GHz to 17.8 GHz with rejection larger than 20 dB. A double-dumbbell bandpass filter was successfully designed with this tech eliminating the non-ideal resonance at 8.053 GHz and 14.232 GHz. The results show that this structure can effectively eliminate the irrational resonance caused by electromagnetic leakage.

Parkinson’s disease is typically characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Many studies have been performed based on the supplementation of lost dopaminergic neurons to treat Parkinson’s disease. The initial strategy for cell replacement therapy used human fetal ventral midbrain and human embryonic stem cells to treat Parkinson’s disease, which could substantially alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease in clinical practice. However, ethical issues and tumor formation were limitations of its clinical application. Induced pluripotent stem cells can be acquired without sacrificing human embryos, which eliminates the huge ethical barriers of human stem cell therapy. Another widely considered neuronal regeneration strategy is to directly reprogram fibroblasts and astrocytes into neurons, without the need for intermediate proliferation states, thus avoiding issues of immune rejection and tumor formation. Both induced pluripotent stem cells and direct reprogramming of lineage cells have shown promising results in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. However, there are also ethical concerns and the risk of tumor formation that need to be addressed. This review highlights the current application status of cell reprogramming in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, focusing on the use of induced pluripotent stem cells in cell replacement therapy, including preclinical animal models and progress in clinical research. The review also discusses the advancements in direct reprogramming of lineage cells in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, as well as the controversy surrounding in vivo reprogramming. These findings suggest that cell reprogramming may hold great promise as a potential strategy for treating Parkinson’s disease.

This study aimed to explore the effects of three medicinal plant (Perilla frutescens, Illicium verum, and Artemisia annua) extracts on growth, immune function and microflora of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated: basic feed (control, CON), 0.075% extracts of Perilla frutescens (PFE), Illicium verum (IVE), or Artemisia annua (AAE) feed. Apparently healthy fish (initial body weight of 8.20 ± 0.03 g; total number of 300) were randomly assigned into four groups in triplicate 25 fish tanks, and fish were fed with each of the four experiment feeds for 80 days. Compared with the CON group, groups IVE and AAE fish significantly improved growth performance (final weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rates; P < 0.05) and decreased hepatic lipid content and hepatopancreas somatic index. Groups IVE and AAE significantly enhanced the hepatic antioxidant capacity (Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase dismutase, and Superoxide dismutase), and up-regulated the mRNA levels of hepatic tight junction protein (Occluding-1 and Claudin-1; P < 0.05) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β; P < 0.05). In addition, groups IVE and AAE decreased the transaminase activity and the contents of D-lactic acid in serum (P < 0.05). Groups PFE and AAE significantly improved albumin and globulin contents in serum immunity (P < 0.05). In addition, IVE and AAE groups significantly increased the α-diversity of intestinal flora, reduced the abundance of underlying harmful bacteria (Plesiomonas and Aeromonas), and increased the abundance of probiotics bacteria (Lactobacillus and Weissella; P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that supplementation of feed with IVE and AAE can improve the immune function and change the abundance of intestinal flora, ultimately increasing growth of largemouth bass. Overall, PFE group did not perform well compare with the IVE and AAE groups.

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Abstract Background With the increasing incidence of diabetes worldwide, patients diagnosed with diabetes has been getting younger. Previous studies have shown that high remnant cholesterol (RC) level leads to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease events. However, the relationship between RC levels and newly diagnosed early‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unknown. This study aimed to explore the association between RC and newly diagnosed early‐onset T2DM. Methods A total of 606 patients newly diagnosed with early‐onset T2DM and 619 gender‐matched subjects with normal blood glucose levels were retrospectively enrolled in this study. All T2DM patients showed onset age of 18–40 years. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze independent risk factors and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to explore the predictive value of RC and other unconventional lipids. Moreover, the correlation between RC and insulin resistance in patients with newly diagnosed early‐onset T2DM was also examined with binary logistic regression analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Results Increased RC level was an independent risk factor for early‐onset T2DM (p .05). RC was still correlated with insulin resistance after adjusting the conventional lipid parameters (TG, TC, HDL‐C, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) using partial correlation analysis. Conclusion RC level was higher in patients with early‐onset T2DM and was correlated to the degree of insulin resistance as well. Patients aged 18–40 years with RC >0.32 mmol/L showed an increased risk of developing T2DM.

Background Patients with stroke are often affected by varying degrees of functional disability and have different evolution patterns in functional disability. However, little is known about the predictive usefulness of disability changes after stroke. We aimed to describe 1‐year disability trajectories and to assess the associations of longitudinal disability trajectories with 24‐month clinical outcomes after ischemic stroke. Methods and Results A total of 3533 patients with ischemic stroke from CATIS (China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke) were studied. Distinct trajectories of disability were identified by the group‐based trajectory model, as measured by modified Rankin Scale score within 12 months. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the associations of disability trajectories with 24‐month cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality. We identified 4 distinct disability trajectories: no significant disability (562 participants [15.9%]), slight disability to recovery (1575 participants [44.6%]), severe to moderate disability (1087 participants [30.8%]), and persistent severe disability (309 participants [8.7%]). Compared with no significant disability trajectory, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) of patients within the persistent heavy–severe trajectory were 2.63 (1.20–5.76) for cardiovascular events, 2.55 (1.12–5.79) for recurrent stroke, and 6.10 (2.22–16.72) for all‐cause mortality; notably, the hazard ratios (95% CIs) for patients within the severe to moderate disability trajectory were 1.99 (1.01–3.94) for cardiovascular events and 1.85 (1.03–3.33) for the composite outcome of cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality. Conclusions Functional disability trajectories within 12 months after stroke onset were associated with the risk of 24‐month adverse outcomes. Patients with persistent severe disability or severe to moderate disability had higher risk of cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01840072

Red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) consist of two distinct groups: the continental population and the island population. The island population, localized in Hokkaido, Japan, exhibits very low genetic diversity due to its rapid recovery from the brink of extinction. Our previous research in 2018 highlighted a possible mating between a male from the continental population, with the Gj5 haplotype, and a female from the island population, with the Gj2 haplotype, at Hitominuma Sawmp shore in northern Hokkaido. The present study attempted to unravel the distribution of their offspring by examining the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of this mixed breeding pair compared with samples collected from cranes in northern and southeastern Hokkaido between 2008 and 2022. The analysis identified 55 MHC types, including 10 known types in a dataset of 89 crane samples, based on amino acid sequences. A total of 58 MHC types were recognized, based on nucleotide sequences, as there were many cases in which the same amino acid sequence had different nucleotide sequences. The five DNA types of MHC in the Hitominuma Swamp male were predominantly identified in eight cranes from northern Hokkaido and one chick from southeastern Hokkaido. In addition, population genetic analysis, based on insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphisms, indicates distinct population differentiation between the northern and southeastern regions of Hokkaido. These results suggest that genetic contributions from the continental red-crowned crane population have already been integrated into the Hokkaido populations, with a more pronounced influence in northern Hokkaido.