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In order to cope with the grid fluctuation caused by large‐scale wind power connected to the grid, the wind thermal power generation system has been proposed and extensively studied. The wind thermal power generation system uses a wind turbine to drive a heat generation device to heat the heat storage medium, which is further exchanged to drive a turbine to generate electricity. A superconducting magnetic eddy current heater (SMH) is proposed for the characteristics of wind thermal power generation system, which uses non‐resistive, large current‐carrying superconducting coils for excitation, and has high output efficiency and power density. The working principle of magnetic eddy current heating is analysed, and the structure of SMH with no ferromagnetic material and two heating screens inside and outside is proposed according to the characteristics of SMH. An analytical model of the SMH is established, and the influence of the structure and materials of the SMH on the magnetic field distribution is analysed. Based on this, a 22‐pole SMH was designed and analysed for output power at 10–20 rpm. A three‐dimensional magnetism‐stress combined analysis model of SMH is established, and the strain and stress characteristics of SMH are simulated under the condition of maximum output power, which verifies the feasibility of the mechanical properties of existing superconducting materials for application in SMH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient visible-light photoelectrochemical photodetector based on a compact In-rich n-InGaN layer activated by p-Cu2O microcrystals operating as photoanode in the self-powered mode is demonstrated. The photocurrent density of 80 µA/cm2 under one-sun illumination is more than 10 times larger than that of a bare InGaN layer. Moreover, the photocurrent density, responsivity of 0.8 mA/W, specific detectivity of 4 × 109 Jones, and response times of 5–8 ms are more than five times better compared to those of our previously reported nanowire counterpart. The excellent performance is attributed to maximized photocarrier separation in the built-in electric field of the internal p–n junction for fully depleted Cu2O microcrystals with maximized height and the planar geometry, guaranteeing unhindered diffusion of the electrolyte to and from the photoanode surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimized design of a new high-temperature superconducting rotating pole machine is presented. Its main structural feature is the use of a double stator core which separates the synchronous machine pole shoe from the pole body to rotate separately as the machine rotor, allowing the superconducting coil to operate in a stationary state. The inner stator core, the stationary dewar and the rotor core together form the excitation system of the machine. The excitation coil windings adopt a rectangular cross-section, with flux divertor strategically placed between the high-temperature superconducting coils. This configuration aims to modulate the background magnetic field, specifically reducing the perpendicular magnetic field component. This mitigation minimizes the impact of ambient magnetic fields on the superconducting coil’s current carrying capacity, ensuring an optimized magnetic field environment for its operation. Through the integration of these modifications, the technical and economic parameters of the enhanced high-temperature superconducting machine have been significantly improved. The optimization of design, coupled with detailed calculations of the 3D electromagnetic field, was achieved utilizing the commercial software Ansys EM module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amorphous formation ability, thermal properties, crystallization behavior, magnetic properties, resistivity and bending ductility of Fe 84.5- x B 12 P 2 C 1 Cu 0.5 Co x (x = 0, 4, 8) alloys were systematically investigated. It is found that the substitution of Fe by Co promotes the transformation of the as-spun alloys from a completely amorphous structure to an amorphous/nanocrystalline dual-phase structure, which is related to the differences in the interactions between the involved atoms. The saturation magnetization of alloys increases with increasing Co content and can be increased to 1.93 T at x = 8 by heat treatment, but excessive substitution of Co for Fe deteriorates the coercivity and bending ductility due to the pre-existing α-Fe(Co) grains. The resistivity is positively correlated with the disorder of structure, and the as-spun alloy with x = 4 exhibits a high resistivity of 136.2 μΩ cm. As a result, the annealed Fe 80.5 B 12 P 2 C 1 Cu 0.5 Co 4 alloy with excellent soft magnetic properties (M s = 1.81 T, H c = 7.8 A/m) and good bending ductility in combination with high resistivity has potential for application in the field of electronic devices. • The crystallization tendency of alloy is enhanced by the substitution of Fe by Co. • The annealed Co4 alloy exhibits an ultrafine nanocrystalline structure. • Co4 alloy combines excellent soft magnetic properties with high resistivity. • Co0, Co4 Alloys exhibit good bending ductility even when annealing at T x1 -60 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O were analyzed to reveal carbon–nitrogen coupled absorption. • Stability regulation mechanism of karst reservoir was indicated by diel monitoring. • The stability promotes the biological carbon pump development of karst reservoir. • Biological carbon pump caused carbon burial in karst reservoir. While river damming has been extensively investigated, there remains unclear in the diel biogeochemical processes and carbon control mechanisms in karst reservoirs, under the influence of the biological carbon pump (BCP) effect. We investigated the diel variation of Hongjiadu (HJD) and Wujiangdu (WJD) reservoirs, which exhibit typical periodic thermal stratification, in the Wujiang River located in Southwest China. We found that diel variation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (HJD: 1668.6 ± 10.4 µmol/L; WJD: 1777.9 ± 31.5 µmol/L), δ13C DIC (HJD: −3.1 ± 0.1 ‰; WJD: −4.6 ± 0.4 ‰), and other parameters in the lentic zones were relatively stable. Moreover, the Revelle factor in the lentic zones (HJD: 44.3-49.0; WJD: 44.3-53.9) were substantially higher than those of the fluvial zones (HJD: 24.4-33.4; WJD: 14.2-35.1). The stable diel variations indicate that the HJD and WJD reservoirs may have distinct stability regulatory mechanisms. In the lentic zones, δ13C DIC , nitrogen–oxygen isotope (δ15N and δ18O), and the correlation of C-N indicated that the conversion of DIC and NO 3 – is primarily influenced by primary production, and there was coupled absorption of carbon and nitrogen nutrients during photosynthesis. Meanwhile, the C/N weight ratio (6.0-10.1) and the δ13C POC (−30.0 ‰ to −24.7 ‰) also revealed a gradual transition from soil organic matter (OM) in the fluvial zone to phytoplankton source in the intermediate-lentic zone. Thus, two reservoirs had a significant BCP effect and converted a significant amount of DIC to autochthonous organic carbon (AOC) burial in the lentic zones. The BCP effect in subtropical deep karst reservoirs buried lots of carbon, increased carbon sequestration and decreased CO 2 emissions in the lentic zone. Simultaneously, the stability of reservoirs promotes BCP effect and intensifies carbon sequestration, which is of great significance for the study of the global carbon sources-sinks pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we developed a Cu 0.5 Fe 2.5 S 4 nanocatalyst through facile sulfidation of the Cu-MIL-88B(Fe) precursor to expedite surface Fe(III) reduction and enhance H 2 O 2 activation in the heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF). The as-prepared catalyst possesses relatively large specific surface area and uniformly dispersed metal active sites. The Cu 0.5 Fe 2.5 S 4 -catalyzed HEF system allowed complete removal of naproxen with minimal metal leaching, surpassing that of Cu-MIL-88B(Fe) or Fe 3 S 4. Quantitative XPS analysis, electrochemical characterization and density functional theory calculations reveal an electron donor-shuttle regime in which S2- and Cu species serve as the electron donor and shuttle, respectively. The Cu species significantly accelerate the internal electron transfer between S and Fe and mitigate the dissolution of the adjacent iron sites, securing the sustainable reducing capacity. Moreover, Cu 0.5 Fe 2.5 S 4 -based HEF exhibits great practicability for treatment of various organics in urban wastewater. This study opens new avenue for addressing the challenge of sluggish Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling in HEF. [Display omitted] • Cu 0.5 Fe 2.5 S 4 designed from MOF sulfidation serves as novel HEF catalyst. • S2- provides many electrons to boost the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling in HEF. • Cu species acts as the electron shuttle to accelerate the internal electron transfer. • The Cu-doping stabilizes the adjacent iron sites and enhances the •OH production. • The high porosity and dispersibility of Cu 0.5 Fe 2.5 S 4 promote the mass transport in HEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a major debt crisis occurs in a listed company, the stock prices of related enterprises may also fluctuate sharply, resulting in the spread of debt risk to more enterprises. Taking the stocks of listed companies as network nodes, we constructed a complex stock market network over three periods of time through the logarithmic return rate of stocks for the three periods of prophase, metaphase, and anaphase of the debt crisis. We studied the topological characteristics of the network and destructiveness over the three periods. Finally, the minimum spanning tree was used to construct a network and the community structure of the network. The empirical analysis took the debt crisis of the China Evergrande Company as an example to analyze the impact of its major debt crisis on the Chinese stock market. The research findings were as follows: First, the debt crisis increased the inter-industry connections within the network, that is, the correlations between enterprises in different industries was enhanced. Second, the closeness of the cross-industry connections increased the connectivity efficiency of the network, but compared with the other two periods, the debt crisis in the metaphase was less stable. Third, community research showed that in the metaphase of the debt crisis, the enterprises became the core nodes of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving the target of carbon neutrality has been an important approach for China to mitigate global climate change. Enterprises are major carbon emitters, and a well-designed early warning system is needed to ensure that their emissions align with carbon neutrality goals. Therefore, this study utilized electricity big data to construct an early warning model for enterprise carbon emissions based on carbon quota allocation. Taking key carbon-emitting enterprises in Guangxi as a case study, we aim to provide insights to support China's dual carbon goals. Firstly, we established the Carbon Quota Allocation System, enabling carbon quota allocation at the enterprise levels. Secondly, we developed the Enterprise Carbon Neutrality Index, facilitating dynamic warnings for carbon emissions among enterprises. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) In 2020, Guangdong received the highest carbon quota of 606 million tons, representing 5.72% of the national total, while Guangxi only received 2.63 billion tons. (2) Only 39.34% of enterprises in Guangxi are able to meet the carbon neutrality target, indicating significant emission reduction pressure faced by enterprises in the region. (3) Over 90% of enterprises in Guangxi receive Commendation and Encouragement warning levels, suggesting that enterprises in Guangxi are demonstrating a promising trend in emission reduction efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the traditional control scheme of a 12/8-pole bearingless switched reluctance motor (BSRM), radial force and torque are usually controlled as a compromise due to the conflict between their effective output areas. Additionally, each phase requires individual power circuits and is excited in turn to produce a continuous levitation force, resulting in high power device requirements and high controller costs. This paper discusses a 12/8-pole single-winding hybrid-rotor bearingless switched reluctance motor (HBSRM) with a hybrid rotor consisting of cylindrical and salient-pole lamination segments. The asymmetric rotor of the HBSRM slightly increases the complexity of its structure and magnetic circuit, but makes it possible to generate the desired radial force at any rotor angular position. A control scheme for the HBSRM is developed to utilize the independent excitation of the four windings in one phase to generate the desired levitation force at any rotor angular position, and it requires only half the number of power circuits used in the conventional control scheme of a 12/8-pole single-winding BSRM. Different from the average torque chosen to be controlled in traditional methods, this scheme directly regulates the instantaneous total torque produced by all excited phases together and presents a current algorithm to optimize the torque contribution of each phase so as to reduce torque pulsation, and the improved performance of this bearingless motor is finally validated by simulation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, spinel high-entropy oxide (HEO) anode materials have garnered extensive attention for high-energy lithium-ion batteries due to their high specific capacity. Many studies have explored its energy storage mechanism, but few have paid attention to its characteristics in long cycle life. In this work, the whole life cycling performance of (FeCoNiCrMn)-HEO is presented and investigated for the first time. Distinct capacity trends are studied to divide the cycling life into three stages: activation, upgradation, and degradation. Ex situ morphological characterizations are conducted to reveal that the driving force of stage change is continuous particle fragmentation. As a result, refined particles promote conversion reaction reversibility and induce extra interfacial capacity, achieving 2831 mAh g−1 at 825 cycles. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide a deeper insight into the high entropy effect on the ultra-high extra interfacial capacity. However, continuous refinement brings about huge electrolyte interface-derived layers, which are also responsible for pre-decay and post-collapse. The view of the evolution of the lithium storage mechanism is explicitly presented and experimentally verified by high-energy ball milling and fluorinated vinyl carbonate (FEC). These above results can give practical solutions to design high specific capacity and long-life cycle stability HEO anode in the future. [Display omitted] • The whole life performance of (FeCoNiCrMn)-HEO was studied for the first time. • The driving force of capacity change is continuous particle fragmentation. • Particle refinement enhances reaction reversibility and interfacial capacity. • The high entropy effect led to the ultra-high extra capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the rapid development of information technology, the volume of image data has grown exponentially. However, these datasets typically contain a large amount of redundant information. To extract effective features and reduce redundancy from images, a representation learning method based on the Vision Transformer (ViT) has been proposed, and to our best knowledge, Transformer was first applied to zero-shot learning (ZSL). The method adopts a symmetric encoder–decoder structure, where the encoder incorporates Multi-Head Self-Attention (MSA) mechanism of ViT to reduce the dimensionality of image features, eliminate redundant information, and decrease computational burden. Consequently, it effectively extracts features, and the decoder is utilized for reconstructing image data. We evaluated the representation learning capability of the proposed method in various tasks, including data visualization, image reconstruction, face recognition, and ZSL. By comparing with state-of-the-art representation learning methods, the outstanding results obtained validate the effectiveness of this method in the field of representation learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene, the first isolated two-dimensional atomic crystal, is about to pass its 20th year. The last decade has been a critical period for graphene to gradually move from the laboratory to practical applications, and the research on the spin-related physical properties and various spintronic applications of graphene is still enduring. In this review, we systematically retrospect the important and state-of-art progresses about graphene-based spintronics. First, spin–orbit coupling and various tuning means in graphene have been introduced, such as adatoms, electrical control, and the proximity effect. Second, several methods for inducing magnetism in graphene are summarized, including defect, atom doping, proximity effect, and the recently attractive twisted magic-angle. Third, graphene-based lateral and vertical spin valves are discussed, along with some emergent spin transport properties, including spin injection, scattering, and relaxation. Fourth, graphene-based spin logic circuits for spin communications and multifunctional spin logic devices are exhibited. Finally, some significant opportunities and challenges of graphene-based spintronics for the fundamental physics and practical applications in the future are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cement is a widely used construction material globally. Its manufacturing contributes to anthropogenic CO2 emissions significantly. However, its alkaline compounds can absorb CO2 from the surrounding environment and engage in a carbonation reaction, thereby functioning as a carbon sink. As a major cement producer and consumer, China has an important responsibility to rigorously investigate and accurately account for cement carbon uptake. This study presents a comprehensive analytical model of cement carbon uptake from China, revealing a substantial increase in carbon uptake from 1930 to 2021, peaking at 426.77 MtCO2 (95% Confidence Interval: 317.67–874.33 Mt CO2) in 2021. The uptake accounts for 8.10% to 45.40% of China's annual land sink and 2.51% to 4.54% of the global land sink. The cumulative carbon uptake by cement is approximately 7.06 Gt CO2 (95% CI: 5.22–9.44 Gt CO2) during this period, offsetting 50.7% of the total emissions (13.91 Gt CO2, 95% CI: 12.44–17.00 Gt CO2) from the cement industry. Notably, cement mortar contributed to most absorption (65.64%). From a life cycle perspective, the service stage of cement materials is the period where the largest CO2 sink is formed, accounting for 90.03% of the total. Therefore, the potential for carbon sequestration in cement materials and their waste is enormous. Additionally, the model improves the accuracy of cement carbon accounting, supporting both China and global carbon neutrality assessments. Thus, it is crucial for China to achieve its carbon neutrality goals sooner by prioritizing the environmental benefits of cement materials and wastes, and accelerating the development and commercialization of CO2 sequestration technologies for cement and its by-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are widely applied in spintronic devices for efficient spin detection through the imbalance of spin polarization at the Fermi level. The van der Waals (vdW) property of 2D magnets with atomically flat surfaces and negligible surface roughness greatly facilitates the development of MTJs, primarily in ferromagnets. Here, A‐type antiferromagnetism in 2D vdW single‐crystal (Fe0.8Co0.2)3GaTe2 is reported with TN ≈ 203 K in bulk and ≈ 185 K in 9‐nm nanosheets. The metallic nature and out‐of‐plane magnetic anisotropy make it a suitable candidate for MTJ electrodes. By constructing heterostructures based on (Fe0.8Co0.2)3GaTe2/WSe2/Fe3GaTe2, a large tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of 180% at low temperature is obtained, with the TMR signal persisting at near‐room temperature 280 K. Furthermore, the TMR is tunable by the electric field, and the MTJ device operates stably with a low applied bias down to 1 mV (≈0.6 nA), highlighting its potential for energy‐efficient spintronic devices. This work opens up new opportunities for 2D antiferromagnetic spintronics and quantum devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) is a powerful technique for investigating quantum phases appearing in two-dimensional electron systems. The electrons respond to the piezoelectric field of SAW through screening, attenuating its amplitude, and shifting its velocity, which is described by the relaxation model. In this work, we systematically study this interaction using orders of magnitude lower SAW amplitude than those in previous studies. At high magnetic fields, when electrons form highly correlated states such as the quantum Hall effect, we observe an anomalously large attenuation of SAW, while the acoustic speed remains considerably high, inconsistent with the conventional relaxation model. This anomaly exists only when the SAW power is sufficiently low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrated that ternary HfAlO2 amorphous film prepared with common co-sputtering technology can be a suitable gate dielectric for bilayer MoTe2 transistors. The film quality can be improved by optimizing the sputtering process and post-annealing treatment, which is superior to its binary Al2O3 and HfO2 components and satisfies gate dielectric criteria. The bilayer MoTe2 transistors with ∼29-nm-thick HfAlO2 gate dielectric exhibit an Ion/Ioff ratio of over 108 by a low operating voltage, together with a small subthreshold swing ≈ 71.22 mV/dec. These promising characteristics favor the development of high-performance and low-power ultrathin MoTe2-based beyond-silicon electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf morphology is a crucial aspect of plant architecture, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf development remain incompletely understood. In this study, a narrow leaf mutant, m625, was identified in rice (Oryza sativa L.), exhibiting pleiotropic developmental defects. Pigment measurement revealed reduced levels of photochromic pigments in m625. Cytological analysis demonstrated that the m625 gene affected vascular patterns and cell division. Specifically, the narrowing of the leaf was attributed to a decrease in small vein number, shorter vein spacing, and an abnormal V-shaped arrangement of bulliform cells, while the thickening was caused by longer leaf veins, thicker mesophyll cells, and an increased number of parenchyma cell layers. The dwarf stature and thickened internode were primarily due to shortened internodes and an increase in cell layers, respectively. Positional cloning and complementation assays indicated that the m625 gene is a novel allele of NAL1. In the m625 mutant, a nucleotide deletion at position 1103 in the coding sequence of NAL1 led to premature termination of protein translation. Further RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that the m625 gene significantly impacted regulatory pathways related to IAA and ABA signal transduction, photosynthesis, and lignin biosynthesis. Moreover, the m625 mutant displayed thinner sclerenchyma and cell walls in both the leaf and stem, particularly showing reduced lignified cell walls in the midrib of the leaf. In conclusion, our study suggests that NAL1, in addition to its known roles in IAA transport and leaf photosynthesis, may also participate in ABA signal transduction, as well as regulate secondary cell wall formation and sclerenchyma thickness through lignification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing novel high‐temperature van der Waals ferromagnetic semiconductor materials and investigating their interface coupling effects with 2D topological semimetals are pivotal for advancing next‐generation spintronic and quantum devices. However, most van der Waals ferromagnetic semiconductors exhibit ferromagnetism only at low temperatures, limiting the proximity research on their interfaces with topological semimetals. Here, an intrinsic, van der Waals layered room‐temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor crystal, FeCr0.5Ga1.5Se4 (FCGS), is reported with a Curie temperature (TC) as high as 370 K, setting a new record for van der Waals ferromagnetic semiconductors. The saturation magnetization at low temperature (2 K) and room temperature (300 K) reaches 8.2 and 2.7 emu g−1, respectively. Furthermore, FCGS possesses a bandgap of ≈1.2 eV, which is comparable to the widely used commercial silicon. The FCGS/graphene 2D heterostructure exhibits an impeccably smooth and gapless interface, thereby inducing a robust van der Waals magnetic proximity coupling effect between FCGS and graphene. After the proximity coupling, graphene undergoes a charge carrier transition from electrons to holes, accompanied by a transition from non‐magnetic to ferromagnetic transport behavior with robust anomalous Hall effect (AHE). Notably, the van der Waals magnetic proximity‐induced AHE remains robust even up to 400 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open in new tab Download slide OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyse and determine the role of aortic length and curvature in the pathogenesis of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) with ascending aortic diameters (AADs) <5 cm. METHODS We reviewed the clinical and imaging data of patients with ATAAD (n  = 201) and ascending aortic dilation (n  = 83). Thoracic aortic bending index (TABI) was used to quantify aortic curvature and analyse its role in ATAAD below the diameter risk threshold. RESULTS The AAD was <5.0 and <4.0 cm in 78% and 37% of patients with ATAAD, respectively. The median ascending aortic length (AAL) was 104.6 mm (Q1–Q3, 96.5–113.6 mm), and in 62.7% of patients, it was <11 cm. The median TABI was 14.99 mm/cm (Q1–Q3, 14.18–15.86 mm/cm). Patients with ATAAD and those with aortic dilation were matched for AAD, age, sex, height and other clinical factors. After matched, the dissection group had higher AALs (median, 102.9 mm; Q1–Q3, 96.0–112.5 mm vs median, 88.2 mm; Q1–Q3, 83.7–95.9 mm; P  < 0.001) and TABI (median, 14.84 mm/cm; Q1–Q3, 14.06–15.83 mm/cm vs median, 13.55 mm/cm; Q1–Q3, 13.03–14.28 mm/cm; P  < 0.001). According to the regression analysis, the area under the curve required to distinguish patients with ATAAD from those with aortic dilation was 0.831 in AAL, 0.837 in TABI and 0.907 when AAL was combined with TABI. CONCLUSIONS The patients with ATAAD had higher AAL and TABI than those with aortic dilation. The combination of TABI and AAL might be a potential morphological marker for determining ATAAD risk below the current aortic diameter risk threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure that underwater remotely operated vehicles have the ability to complete trajectory tracking in the presence of external disturbances and model parameter uncertainties, this paper proposes a double-closed-loop integrative sliding mode ROV tracking control based on the nonlinear expansion state observer. Firstly, to address the issue of oscillatory vibrations in the stable state of the dual closed-loop sliding mode structure, the inner loop control adopts a combinatorial reaching rate that leverages both exponential and variable convergence rates. Secondly, addressing the impact of external disturbances and model parameter uncertainties on the ROV, this paper proposes a novel nonlinear disturbance observer inspired by active disturbance rejection control principles. The stability of the complete closed-loop cascaded system is substantiated. Simulation outcomes demonstrate that the presented scheme significantly enhances the control system's transient response, disturbance rejection capacity, and ability to suppress jitter vibrations within sliding mode control, thereby proving the robustness, viability, and effectiveness of the control strategy outlined herein. • Proposed a dual loop sliding mode control strategy based on a nonlinear extended state observer. • Designed a nonlinear extended state observer based on the ROV model to handle external disturbances. • Application of a composite convergence rate to solve the problem of inner-loop jitter in a double-loop control structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During tumor development, the tumor itself must continuously generate new blood vessels to meet their growth needs while also allowing for tumor invasion and metastasis. One of the most common features of tumors is hypoxia, which drives the process of tumor angiogenesis by regulating the tumor microenvironment, thus adversely affecting the prognosis of patients. In addition, to overcome unsuitable environments for growth, such as hypoxia, nutrient deficiency, hyperacidity, and immunosuppression, the tumor microenvironment (TME) coordinates angiogenesis in several ways to restore the supply of oxygen and nutrients and to remove metabolic wastes. A growing body of research suggests that tumor angiogenesis and hypoxia interact through a complex interplay of crosstalk, which is inextricably linked to the TME. Here, we review the TME's positive contribution to angiogenesis from an angiogenesis-centric perspective while considering the objective impact of hypoxic phenotypes and the status and limitations of current angiogenic therapies. [Display omitted] • A close interactive link exists between tumor angiogenesis, hypoxia, and TME, collectively promoting tumorigenesis and progression. • Growth factors in the tumor microenvironment are secreted and regulated by various cell types, and a significant correlation exists between their expression levels and hypoxia. • The development of anti-angiogenic therapy is hampered by the lack of accurate biomarkers, the uncertain time window of medication, and the widespread problem of drug resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ligilactobacillus murinus , a member of the Ligilactobacillus genus, holds significant potential as a probiotic. While research on Ligilactobacillus murinus has been relatively limited compared to well-studied probiotic lactic acid bacteria such as Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus gasseri , a mounting body of evidence highlights its extensive involvement in host intestinal metabolism and immune activities. Moreover, its abundance exhibits a close correlation with intestinal health. Notably, beyond the intestinal context, Ligilactobacillus murinus is gaining recognition for its contributions to metabolism and regulation in the oral cavity, lungs, and vagina. As such, Ligilactobacillus murinus emerges as a potential probiotic candidate with a pivotal role in supporting host well-being. This review delves into studies elucidating the multifaceted roles of Ligilactobacillus murinus. It also examines its medicinal potential and associated challenges, underscoring the imperative to delve deeper into unraveling the mechanisms of its actions and exploring its health applications. • Ligilactobacillus murinus is a potential probiotic distributed in the intestines, oral cavity, lungs and vagina. • Ligilactobacillus murinus in the intestine can indicate the degree of health status of the host. • Single Ligilactobacillus murinus is distinguished from Ligilactobacillus murinus in microbial communities. • Ligilactobacillus murinus , emerging as a potential probiotic, is critical for safety assessment and clinical studies when used as probiotic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the explosive increase of remote sensing data, how to search for remote sensing data quickly and accurately in a vast dataset is an incredibly critical matter for research subjects. The deep hashing method has become the dominant method for remote sensing image retrieval because of its low-cost storage and high-speed retrieval. However, for the reason of the limitation of fixed convolutional kernels, deep hashing frameworks based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) fail to obtain the global semantic information well, which leads to the generation of suboptimal solutions. Furthermore, existing hashing methods commonly employ the random sampling strategy or hardest sample mining to build training batches, resulting in bad local minima. To remedy these problems, a novel Deep Global Semantic Structure-preserving Hashing framework via corrective triplet loss (DGSSH) is proposed for remote sensing image retrieval to learn a discriminative and stable embedding space, achieving intra-class confusion and inter-class diversity. Specifically speaking, the feature extraction module based on Swim Transformer architecture is developed to capture global semantic information and multiscale features from remote sensing images. Based on a distribution matching constraint, the corrective triplet loss for deep hashing schemes is designed to reduce the distribution shift caused by the random selection or hardest sample mining. Meanwhile, to reduce the time overhead of the model, the asymmetric learning strategy is employed to perform effective compact representation learning. Numerous experiments have been carried out on three publicly available benchmarks, which indicates that the proposed DGSSH framework could achieve optimal performance for remote sensing image retrieval applications. The source code of our DGSSH framework is hosted at https://github.com/QinLab-WFU/DGSSH.git. • The Swim Transformer architecture is developed to capture global semantic features. • The corrective triplet loss is proposed to reduce the distribution shift. • An asymmetric learning strategy is employed to improve training efficiency. • The state-of-the-art results are reported on three benchmark datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the coupling algorithm of smoothed particle hydrodynamics and finite element method, numerical simulation of high-velocity water jet impacting heterogeneous concrete containing aggregates according to the real concrete CT slices was conducted to study the damage evolutions and fracture characteristics of concrete with real structure. The damage evolution and fragmentation process of heterogeneous concrete were obtained, and the fracture characteristic was compared with homogeneous concrete. The internal energy change laws and the damage and stress evolutions in homogeneous and heterogeneous concretes at different time were investigated. And the failure mechanisms of water jet crushing heterogeneous concrete were revealed. The results show that the concrete elements mainly suffer multi-stage plastic damage accumulation failure induced by water jet impact due to stress wave effect, pressured water wedge effect, water flow scouring effect, squeezing effect of aggregate, and stress concentrations. The failures of upper and deep concrete elements are mainly caused by compressive shear stress, which is combined with tensile stress. In homogeneous concrete, the bowl-shaped broken pit with smooth sidewall and the symmetrically distributed cracks are formed. In heterogeneous concrete, the aggregate will prolong the damage accumulation process and lead to the formation of the abnormal broken pit with irregular and rough contour. Cracks prefer to propagate at interface between aggregate and mortar, and concrete elements at interfaces will suffer the sudden brittle failure caused by stress concentration when the damage accumulates to a certain extent. Overall, the internal energy in concrete first rapidly and then slowly increases, and there is a poorer absorption efficiency of jet kinetic energy for heterogeneous concrete, in which the internal energy of aggregates and mortar is closely related to the specific impact object of water jet. The research results would lay the theoretical foundation for water jet efficiently crushing concrete. [Display omitted] • Water jet impacting concrete with actual aggregates was simulated and verified. • Damage evolution and fragmentation process were investigated. • Energy changes and damage-stress evolutions were compared. • Failure mechanisms of heterogeneous concrete were revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical simulations were conducted based on SPH-FEM coupling method to investigate the damage evolutions and failure mechanism of rock impacted by a high-velocity water jet under different stress loading conditions. The influences of stress loading magnitudes and stress differences on the rock fracture characteristics, including parameters of broken pit morphology and crack propagation, were obtained. The development of damage and crack inner rock will be inhibited due to stress loadings. The rock failure mechanism in different breakage zones were revealed by exploring the damage and stress evolutions inner rock. The results show that the rock surface elements near jet impact center suffers from the instantaneous brittle failure, which is scarcely affected by stress loadings. The elements inner rock below jet impact and sidewall elements surrounding broken pit are destroyed due to the cumulative plastic damage, and the stress loadings delay the initial damage time and prolong the cumulative damage time. [Display omitted] • Breakage response of rock impacted by water jet under stress loading was studied. • Effects of stress magnitudes and stress differences on macro fracture characteristics were obtained. • Damage and stress evolution laws of rock elements were analyzed. • Failure mechanisms of rock elements in different breakage zones were revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]