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With the world's population steadily shifting toward urban living, children's engagement with the natural environment seems to be diminishing. This raises significant concerns about the influence of urban greenspaces on the cardiovascular health of children. To assess the association between urban greenspaces exposure and blood pressure (BP) in Chinese primary schoolchildren. This prospective cohort study used data from the Children's growth environment, lifestyle, physical, and mental health development (COHERENCE) project in Guangzhou, China. Participants included 164,853 primary schoolchildren starting from 2016/17 to 2019/20 academic year. We assessed the surrounding greenspaces at home and school by using Sentinel-2 satellite data on the normalized difference vegetation index. Prehypertension and hypertension status were defined with BP above 90th to less than the 95th percentile, at or above the 95th percentile, respectively. The association of surrounding greenness with children's BP levels and risk of prehypertension/hypertension were examined using linear mixed-effects models and Cox proportional hazards model. Among 164,853 eligible children aged 7.21 (0.74) years, 89,190 (54.1%) were boys. Our results showed that average systolic and diastolic BP increased by 0.48 and 0.42 standard deviations, respectively, over the 3-year follow-up. We identified 23,225 new cases of prehypertension and 35,067 of hypertension status. An interquartile range increase both in home-, school- and home-school NDVI 100m was significantly associated with a reduction of 0.018–0.037 in BP z-scores and a 2.7%–7.6% lower risk of hypertension. Additionally, family socioeconomic status modified the impact of home-school greenness on BP levels. Air pollution exhibited mediating effects solely in school-greenness-BP associations, while physical activity and children's BMI mainly mediated the relationships between home-greenness and BP. The findings of this large cohort study suggest that surrounding greenspaces are associated with lower BP levels and a decreased risk of prehypertension and hypertension in Chinese schoolchildren. [Display omitted] • Location-specific greenspaces (home, school, and combined) were assessed. • Greenspaces were adverse associated with high blood pressure status. • Air pollution, physical activity, and BMI may mediate above these associations. • Location-specific greenness may emphasize distinct pathways related to BP. • Children with lower socioeconomic status obtain more benefit from greenspaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) contributing to smog formation, have been an important indicator of atmospheric governance during China's "14th Five-Year Plan". VOC would be possibly incorporated into the scope of environmental protection tax, but previous studies have seldom explored impacts of VOC control policies at national and regional levels. Here, we design a national uniform VOC control policy, as well as two regionally differentiated policies based on regional disparities in PM 2.5 concentrations and energy intensity by using a cross-scale dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Our analysis is to assess the impacts of these policies on VOC, CO 2 , sulfur dioxide (SO 2), nitrogen oxides (NO X), and PM 2.5 emissions, air quality and environmental equity, and to estimate health benefits, policy costs and net benefits. We find that national and regionally differentiated VOC control policies generally lead to VOC emission reductions and generate co-benefits on emission reductions in CO 2 , SO 2 , NO X and PM 2.5 at national and provincial levels. However, regional emission leakage exists due to differences in the provincial costs of VOC mitigation. The regionally differentiated VOC pricing policies are found to be more effective to enhance environmental equity than the uniform policy. In particular, the regionally differentiated VOC control policy based on provincial energy efficiency is found to be superior to other policies in terms of improve air quality. Furthermore, the human health benefits associated with VOC pricing policies would partially offset policy costs at both the national and regional levels. Our results suggest that policymakers would pay attention to developing regions with low energy efficiency which have the great emission reduction potential. Advanced producing technology and further end-of-pipe control measures to reduce non-combustion PM 2.5 emissions are needed. VOC policy designed based on provincial energy efficiency provides great insights for environmental policy making to accomplish 2035 goal of building a Beautiful China. • National and regionally differentiated VOC tax policies are designed. • VOC tax generates climate co-benefits. • Regional emission leakage exists associated with regionally differentiated policies. • Regionally differentiated VOC tax are effective to enhance environmental equity. • Human health benefits associated with VOC tax partially offset policy costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution exposures are increasingly suspected to influence the development of childhood adiposity, especially focusing on outdoor exposure, but few studies investigated indoor exposure and childhood obesity. We aimed to examine the association between exposure to multiple indoor air pollutants and childhood obesity in Chinese schoolchildren. In 2019, we recruited 6499 children aged 6–12 years from five Chinese elementary schools in Guangzhou, China. We measured age-sex-specific body mass index z score (z-BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) on standard procedures. Four different indoor air pollution (IAP) exposures, including cooking oil fumes (COFs), home decoration, secondhand smoke (SHS), and incense burning, were collected by questionnaire and then converted into an IAP exposure index with four categories. Association between indoor air pollutants and childhood overweight/obesity as well as four obese anthropometric indices were assessed by logistic regression models and multivariable linear regression models, respectively. Children exposed to ≥3 types of indoor air pollutants had higher z-BMI (coefficient [β]:0.142, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.011–0.274) and higher risk of overweight/obesity (odd ratio [OR]:1.27, 95%CI:1.01–1.60). And a dose-response relationship was discovered between the IAP exposure index and z-BMI as well as overweight/obesity (p for trend <0.05). We also found that exposure to SHS and COFs was positively associated with z-BMI and overweight/obesity (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between SHS exposure and COFs on the higher risk of overweight/obesity among schoolchildren. Boys appear more susceptible to multiple indoor air pollutants than girls. Indoor air pollution exposures were positively associated with higher obese anthropometric indices and increased odds of overweight/obesity in Chinese schoolchildren. More well-designed cohort studies are needed to verify our results. • A total of 6753 schoolchildren aged 6–12 years from Guangzhou, China was included. • Multiple indoor air pollution exposures were positively associated with childhood obesity and obese anthropometric indices. • Secondhand smoke exposure interacts withcooking oil fumes exposure in association with childhood overweight/obesity. • Multiple indoor air pollution exposures for boys have higher z-BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new lead(II) borate-sulfate mixed-anion compounds, namely, Pb 4 (BO 3 ) 2 (SO 4 ) and Pb 2 [(BO 2 )(OH)](SO 4 ), have been prepared by using high-temperature melt method or hydrothermal reaction. These compounds exhibit two different types of 3D structures composed of the same anionic units of BO 3 triangles and SO 4 tetrahedra which are interconnected by lead(II) cations. In Pb 4 (BO 3 ) 2 (SO 4 ), the lead(II) ions are bridged by borate anions into 3D [Pb 4 (BO 3 ) 2 ] 2+ architectures with 1D tunnels of 8-member rings along the a -axis, which are filled by the sulfate anions. In Pb 2 [(BO 2 )(OH)](SO 4 ), the lead(II) ions are interconnected by borate and sulfate anions into 2D Pb-B-O and Pb-S-O layers parallel to the ab plane, respectively, and these layers are further condensed into the 3D lead(II) borate-sulfate framework. TGA and DSC studies indicate that Pb 4 (BO 3 ) 2 (SO 4 ) is congruently melting with a melting point of 689 °C whereas Pb 2 [(BO 2 )(OH)](SO 4 ) decomposes at approximately 335 °C. UV/Vis/NIR optical diffuse reflectance spectrum measurements reveal the optical band gaps of 4.03 and 4.08 eV for Pb 4 (BO 3 ) 2 (SO 4 ) and Pb 2 [(BO 2 )(OH)](SO 4 ), respectively. Furthermore, the electronic structures of Pb 4 (BO 3 ) 2 (SO 4 ) have also been calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Studies have reported an association between serum perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and asthma. However, few studies have examined the possible associations between PFASs and the 16-kDa club cell secretory protein (Clara) (CC16) level, a prominent biomarker of asthma, among adolescents. Methods We recruited a total of 231 asthmatic children and 225 non-asthmatic controls in the Genetic and Biomarkers study for Childhood Asthma (GBCA) in northern Taiwan from 2009 to 2010. Structured questionnaires were administered by face-to-face interview. Urine CC16 was determined by an enzyme-link immunoassay kit. Multiple general linear models were employed to examine the associations between PFASs and urinary CC16 levels. Results Asthmatic participants had significantly higher serum PFAS concentrations overall than the healthy controls. After adjusting for confounding factors, urinary CC16 was significantly, negatively associated with PFASs, especially PFOS, PFOA, PFDA and PFNA, and especially among males, as follows: PFOS (β = −0.003, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.004, −0.002), PFOA (β = −0.045, 95% CI: −0.086, −0.004), and PFHxA (β = −0.310, 95% CI: −0.455, −0.165) among asthmatic boys, and PFDA (β = −0.126, 95%CI: −0.241, −0.012) and PFNA (β = −0.329, 95% CI: −0.526, −0.132) among non-asthmatic boys. Among girls, PFDA (β = −0.088, 95% CI: −0.172, −0.004), was the only PFAS significantly associated with CC16. Significant interaction effects (p < 0.15) on CC16 levels were found between asthma and PFOS, PFOA, PFBS and PFHxA in all participants. Conclusion Our overall results showed that serum PFASs were significantly, inversely associated with CC16 levels. Associations were stronger among males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To systematically investigate the influence of the flexible or rigid auxiliary ligands on the structures and properties of transition metal compounds, we synthesized four new d 10 coordination polymers (CPs) from 3-(pyridin-4-yl)-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (4-Hpzpt) and flexible/rigid dicarboxylate ligands, [Cd(4-pzpt) 2 ] n ( 1 ), [Cd 3 (4-pzpt) 2 (suc) 2 ] n ( 2 ), [Cd 2 (4-Hpzpt)(nbc) 2 (H 2 O)] n ( 3 ) and {[Cd 2 (4-pzpt) 2 (tfbdc)(H 2 O) 4 ]·H 2 O} n ( 4 ) (H 2 suc=1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid, H 2 nbc=hthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, H 2 tfbdc =2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalic acid). Single crystal X-ray analysis indicates that compound 1 shows a 4 4 - sql layer, which is extended to a 3D network via nonclassical C–H … N hydrogen bonds. Compound 2 possesses a 6-connected pcu -4 12 0.6 3 net composed of trinuclear Cd II -clusters. Compound 3 represents a rare 3D (3,4,4,5)-connected topology with a Schläfli symbol of (4·6·7)(4·5 3 ·7 2 )(5 3 ·6·7·9)(4 2 ·5 5 ·6·7 2 ). Compound 4 exhibits a 2D+2D→2D parallel interpenetrated 6 3 - hcb network. The adjacent 2D networks are interdigitated with each other to form the resulting 3D supramolecular architecture through classical O–H … N and O–H … O hydrogen bonds. Structural diversities indicate that the nature of flexible/rigid-dicarboxlates plays crucial roles in modulating structures of these compounds. Moreover, the luminescent properties of them have been briefly investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

POMs-based coordination polymers are promising materials for their potential application in the fields of proton conduction, catalysis and magnetism. Three new coordination polymers namely, {[Co 2 (bib) 3 (H 2 O) 2 (H 4 W 12 O 40)]·7H 2 O} n (1), {[Zn 3 (bib) 8 (H 3 ZnW 12 O 40) 2 ]·12H 2 O} n (2) and {[Ag 5 (bib) 5 (H 3 W 12 O 40)]·5H 2 O} n (3) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions based on linear nitrogen heterocyclic ligand 1,4-bis(1-imidazolyl)benzene (bib). In compound 1 , CoII ions are linked with [H 4 W 12 O 40 ]4– anions to form a planar network and can be simplified as kgd topology, which are further linked with bib ligands to form a 3D framework. Zn2 ions of compound 2 alternately connect with bib ligands and [H 3 ZnW 12 O 40 ]3– anions to form 1D chain structure, while Zn1 ion forms isolated unit with three bib ligands and one [H 3 ZnW 12 O 40 ]3– anion, and a 3D framework is finally constructed through π ... π stacking interactions. In compound 3 , the 3D structure is constructed from a number of 1D chains formed by AgI ions and bib ligands in different directions through π ... π stacking interaction and Ag⋯O weak connection. The proton conductivity of 1 – 3 are 2.03 ​× ​10−5, 1.04 ​× ​10−6 and 1.87 ​× ​10−4 ​S ​cm−1 at 98% RH and 358 ​K, respectively. In addition, compounds 1 – 3 exhibit photocatalytic degradation capacity towards RhB and compound 1 displays antiferromagnetic behavior. Three Keggin POM-based coordination polymers have been prepared under hydrothermal condition and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, XRD and TGA. The highest proton conductivity of 3 is up to 1.87 ​× ​10−4 ​S ​cm−1 at 358 ​K and 98% RH. [Display omitted] • Three Keggin POM-based coordination polymers have been prepared under hydrothermal condition. • Their structures were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, XRD and TGA. • The highest proton conductivity of 3 is up to 1.87 ​× ​10−4 ​S ​cm−1 at 358 ​K and relative humidity of 98% RH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under solvothermal conditions, the reactions of Co II /Zn II ions with bent ligand 3-(pyridin-4-yl)-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (4-Hpzpt) afford two compounds {[M(4-pzpt) 2 ] guest} n (guest=H 2 O, M=Co II ( 1 ), Zn II ( 2 )). Both compounds are the thermally and hydrolytically robust 4-connected 3D NbO framework, which formed by double helical chains to give rise to 1D hollow nanochannel with uncoordinated nitrogens completely exposed on the pore surface. Compound 1 exhibits improved N 2 , CO 2 and H 2 uptake capacities, while compound 2 displays the strong luminescent emission with obvious red shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SoxC transcription factors play critical roles in many developmental processes, including neurogenesis, cardiac formation, and skeletal differentiation. In vitro and in vivo loss-of-function studies have suggested that SoxC genes are required for oculogenesis; however the mechanism was poorly understood. Here, we have explored the function of the SoxC factor Sox4 during zebrafish eye development. We show that sox4a and sox4b are expressed in the forebrain and periocular mesenchyme adjacent to the optic stalk during early eye development. Knockdown of sox4 in zebrafish resulted in coloboma, a structural malformation of the eye that is a significant cause of pediatric visual impairment in humans, in which the choroid fissure fails to close. Sox4 morphants displayed altered proximo-distal patterning of the optic vesicle, including expanded pax2 expression in the optic stalk, as well as ectopic cell proliferation in the retina. We show that the abnormal ocular morphogenesis observed in Sox4 - deficient zebrafish is caused by elevated Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, and this is due to increased expression of the Hh pathway ligand Indian Hedgehog b ( ihhb ). Consistent with these results, coloboma in sox4 morphants could be rescued by pharmacological treatment with the Hh inhibitor cyclopamine, or by co-knockdown of ihhb . Conversely, overexpression of sox4 reduced Hh signaling and ihhb expression, resulting in cyclopia. Finally, we demonstrate that sox4 and sox11 have overlapping, but not completely redundant, functions in regulating ocular morphogenesis. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Sox4 is required to limit the extent of Hh signaling during eye development, and suggest that mutations in SoxC factors could contribute to the development of coloboma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Compounds (1-C n H2n+1NH3)2MnCl4(s) (n =10 and 11) were synthesized. [•] Lattice potential energies of the compounds were calculated. [•] Molar enthalpies of dissolution at infinite dilution of the compounds were obtained. [•] The molar enthalpy of dissociation of [MnCl4]2−(g) were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Crystal structure of Ba[d-C6H11O7]2 ·4H2O was determined. [•] Lattice potential energy of the compound was calculated. [•] Standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was calculated. [•] The molar enthalpy of dissolution at infinite dilution is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Compounds (n-C12H25NH3)2MCl4(s) (M=Cu and Cd) were synthesized. [•] The enthalpy changes of the synthesis reactions were obtained. [•] Standard molar enthalpies of formation were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel multifunctional coordination polymer {[Zn(HCOO) (bcbpy)Cl]·H 2 O} n (1) with multiple colour-changing has been synthesized from Zn(NO 3) 2 ·6H 2 O, and viologen ligand 1,1′-bis-((3-carboxylatobenzyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium) dichloride (H 2 bcbpy·2Cl). In coordination polymer (CP) 1 , bcbpy ligands bridge Zn2+ cations to form a 1D wave-like chain. CP 1 exhibited photochromic properties under xenon lamp and blue light irradiation while obtaining a structurally stable light product 1T. CP 1 thermochromic properties can also be observed during heating. 1 showed photo-controlled fluorescence properties during color rendering and decolorization, and its properties were studied. Interestingly, CP 1 can be deposited in filter paper by coating it with a solution of H 2 O. The filter paper can be used as a printing medium without ink. [Display omitted] • CP 1 was synthesized using viologen ligand 1,1′-bis-((3-carboxylatobenzyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium) dichloride (H 2 bcbpy·2Cl). • CP 1 exhibited photochromic properties under xenon lamp and blue light irradiation. • CP 1 obtaining a structurally stable light product 1T after irradiation. • CP 1 can be used as a good ink-free printing medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two new coordination polymers, [Ag(tza)]∞ (1) (Htza=tetrazole-1-acetic acid) and [Cu(tza)2]∞ (2) have been prepared at room temperature and characterized by X-ray crystallography, IR, UV–vis, fluorescence spectra and magnetism analysis. Compound 1 exhibits extended helical chains through bridging ligand tza. The Ag ctions between the adjacent chains form a 3-D framework featuring the extended tza-connected Ag chains that obviously affect the photoluminescent property. Compound 2 features undulated layered structure with hourglass-shaped [Cu4(tza)4] as subunits with the weak ferromagnetic interactions between Cu(II) ions, which are further stabilized by inter-lamellar Ch name="rad" /> n bonds in the resulting 3-D supramolecular framework. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A novel 3D Zn (II)-based coordination polymer, [ZnL(H 2 O) 2 (complex 1) (H 2 L ​= ​2,5-di(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)terephthalic) with some active uncoordinated carboxylic groups, exhibiting excellent luminescence and good stability in water, harsh acidic and basic conditions (pH ​= ​2-12). 1 can act as a promising dual functional sensor for detecting and recognizing NFs (nitrofurazone, NZF; nitrofurantoin, NFT) and Fe3+ ions through fluorescence quenching with highly selectivity and sensitivity in aqueous phase. Besides, the probable mechanisms of the quenching effects are attributed to a competitive absorption mechanism between 1 and analytes. The present work contributes to the development of coordination polymers research, specifically in the application as biological and environmental fluorescent sensor. A water-stable luminescent Zn (II)-based coordination polymer was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method and acts as a promising dual functional sensor for detecting and recognizing NZF, NFT and Fe3+ ion through fluorescence quenching with highly selectivity and sensitivity in aqueous phase. Image 1 • A luminescent Zn-CP was solvothermally synthesized. • The Zn-CP exhibits good stability in water, harsh acidic and basic conditions. • The Zn-CP exhibits high selectivity for NZF, NFT and Fe3+ ion in aqueous solution. • The mechanism of sensing properties was discussed in details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a spectrum of developmental disorders caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. Neuronal loss or neurodegeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most devastating features in FASD. It is imperative to delineate the underlying mechanisms to facilitate the treatment of FASD. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a hallmark and an underlying mechanism of many neurodegenerative diseases, including ethanol-induced neurodegeneration. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) responds to ER stress and has been identified as a protein upregulated in response to ethanol exposure during the brain development. To investigate the role of MANF in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration and its association with ER stress regulation, we established a CNS-specific Manf knockout mouse model and examined the effects of MANF deficiency on ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis and ER stress using a third-trimester equivalent mouse model. We found MANF deficiency exacerbated ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis and ER stress and that blocking ER stress abrogated the harmful effects of MANF deficiency on ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, using an animal model of ER-stress-induced neurodegeneration, we demonstrated that MANF deficiency potentiated tunicamycin (TM)-induced ER stress and neurodegeneration. A whole transcriptome RNA sequencing also supported the functionality of MANF in ER stress modulation and revealed targets that may mediate the ER stress-buffering capacity of MANF. Collectively, these results suggest that MANF is a neurotrophic factor that can protect neurons against ethanol-induced neurodegeneration by ameliorating ER stress. • Conditional MANF knockout in the CNS alters endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related RNA signature in the developing mouse brain. • The ablation of MANF in CNS exacerbates EtOH- and tunicamycin (TM)-induced ER stress and neuronal apoptosis. • ER stress plays an important role in MANF deficiency-promoted neuronal apoptosis in EtOH- and TM-exposed developing brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have indicated that exposure to green space may benefit human health. However, the available evidence concerning the effects of greenness, especially school-based greenness, on pediatric obesity is scarce. To explore the association between school-based greenness and adiposity in children and adolescents in China. We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study of 56,620 children and adolescents (aged 6–18 years) in seven provinces/municipalities across China. School-based greenness was assessed using satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) within 100-, 500-, and 1000-m circular buffers around each school's address. Generalized linear mixed regression models were used to estimate associations of greenness with BMI z-scores (zBMI), waist circumference, and prevalent overweight/obesity. We also explored the potential mediating role of ambient air pollution and physical activity in the greenness-adiposity associations. In the adjusted model, an IQR increase in NDVI -1000m was associated with lower zBMI (β: -0.11, 95% confidence interval[CI]: -0.13,-0.09) and waist circumference (β: -0.64, 95%CI: -0.78,-0.50). Consistently, an IQR increase in NDVI -100m , NDVI -500m , NDVI -1000m was associated with 7–20% lower odds of overweight/obesity in the adjusted models. Air pollutants mediated 6.5–29.1% of the association between greenness and zBMI. No significant mediation effect was observed for physical activity. Higher school-based greenness levels were associated with lower zBMI, waist circumference, and lower odds of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Ambient air pollutants may partially mediate the greenness-adiposity associations. Image 1 • This study was conducted in 56,620 Chinese schoolchildren aged 6–18 years. • School-based greenness was negatively associated with pediatric obesity. • PM 2.5 may partially medicated the association between greenness and pediatric obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work demonstrates that β-ionone originated mono-carbonyl curcumin exhibited more stability and more potent cytotoxicity than curcumin, and could cause A549 cell apoptosis through enhancing the ROS production. • β-ionone derivatives exhibited more stability and more potential than curcumin. • " ortho effect " play a key role in the anticancer activity of β-ionone derivatives. • β-ionone derivatives caused A549 cells apoptosis through enhancing ROS generation. β-ionone, a cyclic terpenoid compound present in many fruits, has been showed a broad spectrum of biological activities. In this paper, we synthesized a panel of β-ionone derivatives and tested their anti-proliferation activity on cancer cell by the MTT assay. The results showed that most of the β-ionone derivatives were more active than β-ionone and curcumin. Particularly, the β-ionone derivatives (1a , 1d and 1g) with ortho -substituents on the aromatic ring exhibited much stronger cytotoxicity than their corresponding meta - and para -substituted compounds. Importantly, the cytotoxicity of the β-ionone derivatives (1a , 1d and 1g) were relationship with their reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generation abilities, which could lead to the redox imbalance, lipid peroxidation, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the activation of Bax and Caspase 3, followed by cell apoptosis. This work suggest that the " ortho effect ", the ROS-generation ability and drawing fluorine atom into drugs may play a potent role in enhancing the anticancer activity of β-ionone derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon policies are important not only for mitigating global climate change, but also for controlling local and regional air pollution. The large regional disparities in economic development and air pollution across China calls for regionally differentiated policies. Previous studies have not systematically investigated the environmental impacts of regional carbon policies in China covering different spatial scales. This study constructs a multi-regional dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model covering 30 provinces of China to assess the impacts of national and subnational carbon polices on CO 2 emissions and co-emitted air pollutants from 2020 to 2050. We consider one national carbon policy which aims to achieve China's 2030 national CO 2 abatement target, as well as three regional policies with the same policy stringency as the national one but only applied to eastern China (EP), the Jiangsu-Shanghai-Zhejiang area (JSZP), and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area (BTHP), respectively. We find that regional policies (EP, JSZP, and BTHP) are as effective in reducing CO 2 emissions in their targeted regions as the national policy. However, they lead to an increase in CO 2 emissions in untargeted regions (the so-called "emissions leakage"). The CO 2 leakage rates, which depend on the policy spatial coverage, are 4%, 13%, and 65% for EP, JSZP, and BTHP, respectively, in 2050. Compared with CO 2 , changes in air pollutant emissions, including sulfur dioxide (SO 2), nitrogen oxides (NO x), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), exhibit a similar pattern under all policy scenarios, but the magnitude of change is significantly smaller. Transportation, thermal power, and some energy intensive industries are the three largest contributors to CO 2 and air pollutant emission reductions. Our results suggest that regional carbon policy is effective in reducing CO 2 and air pollutant emissions in the targeted regions, and extending the spatial coverage or increasing policy stringency can largely inhibit emissions leakage. • We examine effects of subnational carbon policies on CO 2 and co-emitted pollutants. • A multi-regional dynamic CGE model covering China's 30 provinces is constructed. • Subnational policies are as effective in their targeted regions as the national one. • Subnational policies lead to emission leakage to untargeted regions. • Extending spatial coverage or increasing policy stringency inhibits emission leakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It still remains a tremendous challenge in exploring high efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, reaction of Co2+ ions and 3-(pyrid-4′-yl)-5 -(4″- carbonylphenyl) -1,2,4-triazolyl (H 2 Pycz) in a mixed solvent system has obtained a new 3D metal organic framework (MOF) formulated as Co 2 (Hpycz) 4 ·H 2 O (1). Compound 1 shows a 3D 8-fold interpenetrating 66- dia topological network with antiferromagnetic interactions between the Co(II) ions. The obtained Co-MOF exhibits a good HER performance: it displays a low onset potential of 101 mV, a small Tafel slope of 121 mV dec−1, exchange current density of 1.62 × 10−4 A cm−2 and long term stability of at least 72 h. This work may enrich the new candidates of MOFs materials for HER application. Herein, reaction of Co2+ ions and 3-(pyrid-4′-yl)-5-(4″-carbonylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazolyl (H 2 Pycz) in a mixed solvent system has obtained a new 3D metal organic framework (MOF) formulated as Co 2 (Hpycz) 4 ·H 2 O (1). Compound 1 shows a 3D 8-fold interpenetrating 66- dia topological network with antiferromagnetic interactions between the Co(II) ions. The obtained Co-MOF exhibits a good HER performance: it displays a low onset potential of 101 mV, a small Tafel slope of 121 mV dec−1, exchange current density of 1.62 × 10−4 A cm−2 and long term stability of at least 72 h. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring cost-effective, high-performance and durable non-precious metal catalysts is of great significance for the acceleration of sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, we report an intriguing heteroatom-doped graphitized carbon encased Fe species composite by introducing N, S and B sequentially. The experimental approach was designed ingeniously for that the FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O could catalyze thiourea to synthesize N, S co-doped carbon materials which would further react with H 3 BO 3 and NH 3 (emerged at the heat-treatment process) to prepare N, S and B co-doped carbon materials (Fe-N/S/B-C). The Fe-N/S/B-C exhibits an impressive ORR activity for its half-wave potential of −0.1 V, which is 36 mV or 19 mV higher than that of the corresponding single or dual doped counterparts (Fe-N-C or Fe-N/S-C) and 31 mV positive than that of Pt/C catalyst, respectively. Further chronoamperometric measurement and accelerated aging test confirm the excellent electrochemical durability of Fe-N/S/B-C with the stable core–shell structure. The remarkable ORR performance and facile preparation method enable Fe-N/S/B-C as a potential candidate in electrochemical energy devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing evidence suggests that the failure of clinical antidepressants may be related with neuroinflammation. The NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an intracellular multiprotein complex, and has been considered as a key contributor to the development of neuroinflammation. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome is an effective method for depression treatment. In this review, we summarized current researches highlighting the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathology of depression. Firstly, we discussed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in patients with depression and animal models. Secondly, we outlined the possible mechanisms driving the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Thirdly, we discussed the pathogenetic role of NLRP3 inflammasome in depression. Finally, we overviewed the current and potential antidepressants targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Overall, the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammation-related depression. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The small-size and efficient charge separation of MOFs catalysts are essential for improving photocatalytic performance. In this work, a series of small-size NH 2 -UiO-66 nanoparticle-modified Mo 2 C photocatalysts were successfully prepared by hydrothermal synthesis with in situ growing NH 2 -UiO-66 on the surface of Mo 2 C. The addition of Mo 2 C can not only obtain small-size NH 2 -UiO-66 nanoparticles, but also significantly increase the separation efficiency of photo-generated carriers and prolongs the carrier lifetime, thereby promoting the photoreduction of CO 2 in water vapor with excellent stability. The resulting 11-Mo 2 C/NH 2 -UiO-66 (11-MCNU) exhibits excellent catalytic activity for CO 2 reduction to CO product at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The yield of CO can reach 11 μmol g−1 in the absence of organic solvents, sacrifice agents and photosensitizers, which is much higher than that of the isolated NH 2 -UiO-66 and Mo 2 C. [Display omitted] • A series of small-size NH 2 -UiO-66 nanoparticle-modified Mo 2 C photocatalysts were successfully prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. • The resulting 11-Mo 2 C/NH 2 -UiO-66 (11-MCNU) exhibits excellent catalytic activity for CO 2 reduction to CO. • The yield of CO can reach 11 μ mol g−1 in the absence of organic solvents, sacrifice agents and photosensitizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functional design of efficient and stable proton exchange membrane materials is an important research direction in the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this work, ammonia molecules were successfully encapsulated into the one-dimensional pores of MOF-74(Co) through fumigation with ammonia vapor. Alternating current (AC) impedance tests showed that the proton conductivity of NH 3 modified NH 3 @ MOF-74(Co) reaches an impressive value of 6.8 × 10−3 S/cm, being 10000 times that of the pristine MOF-74(Co) at 98% relative humidity (RH) and 50 °C. Various and abundant hydrogen bonds can improve the proton conduction of NH 3 modified compound. This strategy provides an efficient and convenient way to construct high proton conducting porous MOFs materials by attaching NH 3 molecules. [Display omitted] • Ammonia molecules were successfully encapsulated into the pores of MOF-74(Co) through fumigation with ammonia vapor. • The proton conductivity of NH 3 @ MOF-74(Co) reaches the maximum value of 6.8 × 10−3 S/cm, which is 10000 times that of the pristine MOF-74(Co) at same conditions. • This strategy provides an efficient and convenient way to construct high proton conducting porous MOFs materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacy and safety of Qingda granule (QDG) in managing blood pressure (BP) among grade 1 hypertensive patients with low-moderate risk remain uncertain. In the randomized, double-blind, double dummy, non-inferiority and multicenter trial, 552 patients with grade 1 hypertension at low-moderate risk were assigned at a ratio of 1:1 to receive either QDG or valsartan for 4 weeks, followed up by a subsequent 4 weeks. Post-treatment, clinic systolic/diastolic BPs (SBP/DBP) were reduced by a mean change of 9.18/4.04 mm Hg in the QDG group and 9.85/5.05 mm Hg in the valsartan group (SBP P = 0.47, DBP P = 0.16). Similarly, 24-hour, daytime and nighttime BPs were proportional in both groups (P > 0.05) after 4 weeks treatment. After discontinuing medications for 4 weeks, the mean reduction of clinic SBP/DBP were 0.29/0.57 mm Hg in the QDG group compared to −1.59/−0.48 mm Hg in the valsartan group (SBP P = 0.04, DBP P = 0.04). Simultaneously, the 24-hour SBP/DBP were reduced by 0.9/0.31 mm Hg in the QDG group and −1.66/−1.08 mm Hg in the valsartan group (SBP P = 0.006, DBP P = 0.02). And similar results were observed regarding the outcomes of daytime and nighttime BPs. There was no difference in occurrence of adverse events between two groups (P > 0.05). QDG proves to be efficacious for grade 1 hypertension at a low-to-medium risk, even after discontinuation of the medication for 4 weeks. These findings provide a promising option for managing grade 1 hypertension and suggest the potential for maintaining stable BP through intermittent administration of QDG. ChiCTR2000033890. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mesoporous Cd-Zn-S solid solutions (E-Cd x Zn 1-x S) with abundant surface defects synthesized via ingenious inorganic self-template co-precipitation method at room temperature, exhibiting high-efficient activity and stability for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The practical application of photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen evolution hinges on the development of high-efficient and low-cost photocatalysts. Defects engineering has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance photocatalytic activity effectively. Herein, a facile and versatile co-precipitation method is proposed to fabricate mesoporous Cd-Zn-S solid solutions (E-Cd x Zn 1-x S) with abundant surface defects by the inorganic salts formed in the reaction system as self-template. Compared with Cd-Zn-S solid solutions (W-Cd 0.65 Zn 0.35 S) prepared by the traditional co-precipitation method, the enhanced specific surface area and abundant surface defects endow E-Cd 0.65 Zn 0.35 S with more accessible active sites and effective separation of electron-hole pairs for the photocatalytic water splitting reaction. The E-Cd 0.65 Zn 0.35 S solid solution exhibits hydrogen evolution rate of 5.2 mmol h−1 g−1 without loading noble metal as cocatalyst under visible light, which is 1.13 times higher than that of W-Cd 0.65 Zn 0.35 S sample. The present work provides a simple, low-cost and prospective strategy for the synthesis of defective Cd-Zn-S solid solutions, and it also delivers guidance to design and develop the advanced visible-light photocatalyst in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Fushi-tarazu factor 1a (Ftz-F1a, Ff1a, Nr5a2) is a nuclear receptor with diverse functions in many tissues. Here, we report the function of ff1a in zebrafish muscle differentiation. In situ hybridization revealed that ff1a mRNA was present in the adaxial and migrating slow muscle precursors and was down-regulated when slow muscle cells matured. This expression was under the control of hedgehog genes, expanded when hedgehog was increased and missing in mutants defective in genes in the Hedgehog pathway like you-too (yot), sonic you (syu), and u-boot (ubo). Blocking ff1a activity by injecting a deleted form of ff1a or an antisense ff1a morpholino oligo into fish embryos caused thinner and disorganized fibers of both slow and fast properties. Transient expression of ff1a in syu, ubo, and yot embryos led to more fibril bundles, even when slow myoblasts were transfated into fast properties. We showed that ff1a and prox1 complemented each other in slow myofibril assembly, but they did not affect the expression of each other. These results demonstrate that ff1a functions in both slow and fast muscle morphogenesis in response to Hedgehog signaling, and this function parallels the activity of another slow muscle gene, prox1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Extensive research has been conducted on the impact of urban Green and blue spaces (GBS) on mental health. However, there is a dearth of studies examining the potential influence of GBS on Emotion and behavior problems (EBP) in youth populations. This study seeks to address this research gap by examining the association between GBS exposure and EBP in youths, utilizing a large population-based survey. Exposure indicators were derived for each participant, taking into account the 1-m resolution land coverage percentage measurements at their residential and school locations, with buffer sizes of 500m and 800m. The study employed the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) as a measurement to EBP. To investigate this relationship, a Poisson linear mixed-effects model with comprehensive adjustment was utilized. Stratified analyses were conducted, taking into account demographic variables, while sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the reliability of the findings. The primary analysis encompassed a sample of 172,490 individuals, with an average age of 10.2 (standard deviation = 2.99), of whom 55.8% were male. Among young individuals residing within a 500-m radius of residential green spaces (GS), those in the second and third tertiles experienced a 5.0% and 7.6% decrease in the risk of developing total difficulties respectively, compared to those in the first tertile. Exposure to blue spaces (BS) around the residence yielded comparable results, with an AOR of 0.896 (95% CI: 0.866, 0.928) for the second tertile and an AOR of 0.991 (95% CI: 0.879, 0.943) for the third tertile, compared to the first tertile. The decrease in EBPs may also be linked to the joint effect of GS and BS. Young individuals were exposed to GS or BS, as well as the higher level of GS in conjunction with comparable BS, exhibited an inverse correlation with self-reported EBPs. • Limited evidence exists regarding the link between GBS and EBP in youths, primarily due to methodological challenges. • When youths are exposed to green or blue spaces, there is a decrease in self-reported EBPs. • A higher level of GS combined with an equivalent amount of BS has been associated with a decrease in the TD score. • The effect bring by GBS is critical for promoting mental health in human and planetary health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the postsynthetic ligand exchange process was adopted to construct a series of 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (H 2 NDC) and 6-sulfonate-1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (H 3 SNDC) based Zr(IV)-MOFs (Zr-(NDC) x (SNDC) 1-x). This strategy anchored functional sulfonic acid groups in the pore of the MOFs. Among them, Zr-(NDC) 0.3 (SNDC) 0.7 exhibited outstanding proton conductivity of 3.18 ✕ 10−4 S cm−1 at 90 °C and 98% relative humidity (RH), which was approximately three orders of magnitude greater than that of pristine Zr-NDC. This work demonstrated a facile in situ ligand exchange approach for constructing functional group modified MOFs with high proton conductivity. [Display omitted] • A series of 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (H 2 NDC) and 6-sulfonate-1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (H 3 SNDC) based Zr(IV)-MOFs were synthesized. • The functional sulfonic acid groups were anchored in the pore of the MOFs by ligand exchange approach. • Zr-(NDC) 0.3 (SNDC) 0.7 demonstrated remarkable proton conductivity of 3.18 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 90 °C and 98% relative humidity (RH). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four Zn(II) coordination polymers (CPs), [Zn(4-pzpt) 2 (H 2 O)] n ( 1 ), {[Zn(4-pzpt) 2 ]·CH 3 OH} n ( 2 ), [Zn 2 (4-pzpt) 2 (suc)(H 2 O)] n ( 3 ) and [Zn 2 (4-pzpt) 2 (ndc)] n ( 4 ) were obtained from 3-(pyridin-4-yl)-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (4-Hpzpt), 1,4-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (H 2 ndc) and succinic acid (H 2 suc) ligands. Structural analysis reveals that 1 represents a five coordinated 0D structure. 2 possess a network featuring 2D 4 4 grid-like layers structure. 3 displays a network featuring 2D (6 3 )- hcb layered structure. 4 shows a rare 3D (4,4)-connected topology with a Schläfli symbol of (4.6 4. 7) 2 (6 4. 7 2 ). Complexes 1 and 2 can mutual conversion between different solvent ratios. Luminescence properties reveal that 1 and 2 exhibit excellent selectivity for Hg 2+ and Cr 2 O 7 2- ions in aqueous solution, in which suggests that 1 and 2 is a promising multifunctional sensing materials. The possible sensing mechanism is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction of heterojunction-based photocatalyst is a fascinating approach to improve the conversion efficiency of CO 2 photoreduction. Herein, we report a series of low-cost heterojunction catalysts (x% MSNM) assembled by 1T MoS 2 nanosheets and NH 2 -MIL-68 for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction conjugated with H 2 O oxidation under visible-light irradiation. Notably, 8% MSNM exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity for the photoreduction of CO 2 to CH 4 in the absence of organic solvent, sacrificial agent and photosensitizer. The evolution rate of CH 4 can reach to 12.56 ​μmol ​g−1, higher than that of isolated MoS 2 and NH 2 -MIL-68. Systematic investigations demonstrate that the 1T MoS 2 fragments are uniformly dispersed on the NH 2 -MIL-68 surface during the assembly and crystallization process of NH 2 -MIL-68. Under light conditions, the NH 2 -MIL-68 crystals serve as light collectors to absorb visible light and generate electron-hole pairs, and the photo-excited electrons rapidly transferred to the surface of 1T MoS 2 , prolonging the lifetime of the photo-induced excitons. This work provides a new direction for the rational design of composite catalysts in artificial photosynthesis. [Display omitted] • The heterojunction-based 1T MoS 2 @NH 2 -MIL-68 (x% MSNM) photocatalysts have been prepared. • Notably, 8% MSNM exhibits enhanced photocatalytic CO 2 reduction activity. • The evolution rate of CH 4 can reach to 12.56 ​μmol ​g−1, higher than that of isolated MoS 2 and/or NH 2 -MIL-68. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reaction of Tb 3+ ions with p -terphenyl-3,3″,5,5″-tetracarboxylic acid (H 4 ptptc) in a mixed solvent system has afforded a new metal-organic framework formulated as [Tb 2 (ptptc) 1.5 (H 2 O) 2 ] n ( 1 ). Compound 1 displays a 3D (5,6,8)-connected framework with fascinating one-dimensional triangle open channels. The luminescence explorations demonstrated that 1 exhibits highly selective and sensitive response to Fe 3+ in DMF solution and biological system through luminescence quenching effects. In addition, 1 also shows high detection for the Cr 2 O 7 2- , making it a promising dual functional materials for detecting Fe 3+ cation and Cr 2 O 7 2- anion with high sensitivity and selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The isolation and identification of the chemical compounds from Paris fargesii var. petiolata were studied. • Eleven steroidal saponins were characterized from the plant, including five new steroid saponins (1–5) and six known analogues (6–11). • Compound 1 displayed certain anti-proliferative properties for U87, HepG2 and SGC-7901 cells. Phytochemical investigation on the rhizomes of Paris fargesii var. petiolata (Baker ex C. H. Wright) Wang et Tang led to the isolation of five previously undescribed steroidal saponins, parpetiosides A–E (1 – 5), and six known analogs (6 – 11). Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic data analysis and chemical methods. Compound 5 was a rare steroidal saponin with disaccharide moiety linked at C-26 of dehydrokryptogenin that was hardly seen in the genus Paris. The cytotoxicities of the isolated compounds against three human cancer cell lines (U87, HepG2 and SGC-7901) were evaluated, and compound 1 displayed certain inhibitory effect with IC 50 values of 8.02 ± 0.45, 8.24 ± 0.57 and 6.20 ± 0.79 μM, respectively. Moreover, the preliminary mechanism of 1 inhibiting the proliferation of the three cancer cell lines might be related to cell cycle distribution and the induction of S phase arrest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have demonstrated associations between serum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and asthma or asthma related-biomarkers. However, no studies have reported a possible relationship between PFASs exposure and lung function among children. The objective of the present study is to test the association between PFASs exposure and lung function in children from a high exposure area by using a cross-sectional case-control study, which included 132 asthmatic children and 168 non-asthmatic controls recruited from 2009 to 2010 in the Genetic and Biomarkers study for Childhood Asthma. Structured questionnaires were administered face-to-face. Lung function was measured by spirometry. Linear regression models were used to examine the influence of PFASs on lung function. The results showed that asthmatics in our study had significantly higher serum PFAS concentrations than healthy controls. Logistic regression models showed a positive association between PFASs and asthma, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80–1.21) to 2.76 (95% CI: 1.82–4.17). Linear regression modeling showed serum PFASs levels were significantly negatively associated with three pulmonary function measurements (forced vital capacity: FVC; forced expiratory volume in 1 s: FEV 1 ; forced expiratory flow 25–75%: FEF 25–75 ) among children with asthma, the adjusted coefficients between lung function and PFASs exposure ranged from −0.055 (95%CI: −0.100 to −0.010) for FVC and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) to −0.223 (95%CI: −0.400 to −0.045) for FEF 25–75 and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). PFASs were not, however, significantly associated with pulmonary function among children without asthma. In conclusion, this study suggests that serum PFASs are associated with decreased lung function among children with asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new Co(II) coordination polymers(CPs), namely [Co 2 (bpe) 2 (Hbppc)] n ( 1 ) and [Co 3 (μ 3 -OH)(bppc)(bpm)(H 2 O)]·3H 2 O ( 2 ) (H 5 bppc=biphenyl-2,4,6,3′,5′-pentacarboxylic acid, bpe=1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene, bpm=bis(4-pyridyl)amine), have been obtained and characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), IR spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 1 shows a binodal (4,6)-connected fsc net with a (4 4 ·6 10 ·8)(4 4 ·6 2 ) topology, while 2 shows a binodal (5,7)-connected 3D network based on trinuclear [Co 3 (μ 3 -OH)] 5+ units with unusual (3.4 6 .5 2 .6)(3 2 .4 6 .5 7 .6 5 .7) topology. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements reveals that complex 1 shows ferromagnetic interactions between the adjacent Co(II) ions, whereas 2 is a antiferromagnetic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, sodium caprylate has been investigated to direct the crystal growth of 3D Ag-MOF, [Ag 2 (ddcba)(4,4′-bipy) 2 ] ( 1 ), constructing from 3,5-(di(2′,5′-dicarboxylphenyl)benozoic acid and 4,4′-bipy. The single crystal diffraction analyses shows that complex 1 possess 3D neutral framework with a three-connected ThSi 2 (10 3 -b) topology. Compound 1 exhibits predominant catalytic activity towards the degradation of o- Nitrophenol (ONP), m- Nitrophenol (MNP) and p- Nitrophenol (PNP) in aqueous solution. The kinetics of such catalytic degradation reactions was also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new coordination polymers, namely, {[Ni(H 2 L)(bix)(H 2 O) 2 ]·2h 2 O} n (1), {[Ni(HL)(Hdpa)(H 2 O) 2 ]·H 2 O} n (2), {[Ni(L) 0.5 (bpp)(H 2 O)]·H 2 O} n (3) (H 4 L=terphenyl-2,2′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic acid; bix=1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene; dpa =4,4′-dipyridylamine; bpp=1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane), based on rigid H 4 L ligand and different N-donor co-ligands, have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 features a 3D 4-connected 6 6 -dia- type framework with H 4 L ligand adopts a μ 2 -bridging mode with two symmetry-related carboxylate groups in μ 1 - η 1 : η 0 monodentate mode. Compound 2 displays a 1D [Ni(HL)(Hdpa)] n ribbon chains motif, in which the H 4 L ligand adopts a μ 2 -bridging mode with two carboxylate groups in μ 1 - η 1 : η 1 and μ 1 - η 1 : η 0 monodentate modes, while 3 possesses a (4,4)-connected 3D frameworks with bbf topology, with H 4 L ligand displays a μ 4 -bridging coordination mode. The H 4 L ligand displays not only different deprotonated forms but also diverse coordination modes and conformations. The structural diversities among 1 – 3 have been carefully discussed, and the roles of N-donor co-ligands in the self-assembly of coordination polymers have been well documented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) is one of the core materials which were widely used in the field of fuel cells (FCs). In recent years, the metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and polymer composite membranes as tunable proton-conducting materials have showed great potential in this field. Herein, a Cu(II)-based metal organic framework (Cu-MOF) with acid/base stability was introduced into poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVP/PVDF, PP) to fabricate hybrid membranes(Cu-MOF@PP-X, where X is the % Cu-MOF content). The effects of Cu-MOF loading amounts on the conductive behavior of Cu-MOF@PP-X composites have been documented. It is worth noting that Cu-MOF@PP-50 exhibited the proton conductivity up to 4.36 ​× ​10−4 ​S ​cm−1 at 353 ​K and 98% relative humidity (RH). In addition, the value of proton conduction is about two orders of magnitude higher than that of the parent Cu-MOF (1.91 ​× ​10−6 ​S ​cm−1). This work contributes to driving further advances of MOF/polymer composites in proton-conducting apparatus. [Display omitted] • A Cu-MOF with acid/base stability was introduced into polymers (PVP/PVDF, PP) to fabricate hybrid membranes. • The effects of Cu-MOF loading amounts on the conductive behavior of Cu-MOF@PP-X composites have been documented. • Cu-MOF@PP-50 exhibited a super protonic conductivity up to 4.36 ​× ​10−4 ​S ​cm−1 at 353 ​K and 98% relative humidity (RH). • The value of proton conduction of Cu-MOF@PP-50 is about two orders of magnitude higher than that of the parent Cu-MOF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new interpenetrating Cu II /Ni II coordination polymers, based on a unsymmetrical bifunctional N/O-tectonic 3-(pyrid-4′-yl)-5-(4″-carbonylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazolyl (H 2 pycz), {[Cu-(Hpycz) 2 ]·2H 2 O} n ( 1 ) and {[Ni(Hpycz) 2 ]·H 2 O} n ( 2 ), have been solvothermally synthesized and structure characterization. Single crystal X-ray analysis indicates that compound 1 shows 2-fold parallel interpenetrated 4 4 - sql layers with the same handedness. The overall structure of 1 is achiral—in each layer of doubly interpenetrating nets, the two individual nets have the opposite handedness to the corresponding nets in the adjoining layers—while 2 features a rare 8-fold interpenetrating 6 6 - dia network that belongs to class IIIa interpenetration. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 both show similar paramagnetic characteristic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greenness exposure may lower blood pressure. However, few studies of this relationship have been conducted with children and adolescents, especially in low and middle-income countries. To evaluate associations between greenness around schools and blood pressure among children and adolescents across China. We recruited 61,229 Chinese citizens aged 6–18 years from 94 schools in a nationwide cross-sectional study in seven Chinese provinces/province-level municipalities. Participants' blood pressures and hypertension were assessed with standardized protocols. Greenness levels within 500 m and 1,000 m of each school were estimated with three satellite-based indices: vegetation continuous fields (VCF), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate associations between greenness and blood pressure, greenness and prevalent hypertension, using coefficient and odds ratio respectively. Stratified analyses and mediation analyses were also performed. One interquartile range increase in greenness was associated with a 17%–20% reduced prevalence of hypertension for all measures of greenness (odds ratios for VCF 500m = 20% (95% CI:18%, 23%); for NDVI 500m = 17% (95% CI:13%, 21%); and for SAVI 500m = 17% (95% CI: 13%, 20%). Increases in greenness were also associated with reductions in systolic blood pressure (0.48–0.58 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (0.26–0.52 mmHg). Older participants, boys, and urban dwellers showed stronger associations than their counterparts. No evidence of mediation was observed for air pollution (i.e., NO 2 and PM 2.5) and body mass index. Higher greenness around schools may lower blood pressure levels and prevalent hypertension among Chinese children and adolescents, particularly in older subjects, boys, and those living in urban districts. Further studies, preferably longitudinal, are needed to examine causality. • This is one of the few studies to assess greenness and blood pressure in children. • We explored this topic in a large Chinese children population (n = 61,229). • Higher greenness levels were associated with lower blood pressure levels. • Stronger associations were observed in boys, being older, or living in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Cornusdiridoid A-F (1–6), six unusual cornuside-morroniside secoiridoid dimers, and their possible new biogenetic precursor, 3″,5″-dehydroxycornuside (7), together with four known secoiridoids (8–11), were obtained from the fruits of Cornus officinalis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of various spectroscopic and chemical methods. A plausible biosynthetic pathway of compounds 1–11 was proposed. The α-glucosidase inhibitory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of these isolates were evaluated. Some of them emerged out as potent antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging agents. Molecular docking was also carried out for antidiabetic target α-glucosidase to investigate the possible binding modes of the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, vincosamide (9). These results revealed that the secoiridoids from C. officinalis fruits may be served as new potential antidiabetic agents to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new 3D anionic metal-organic framework material, namely, [Me 2 NH 2 ] 2 [Cd 3 (L)]·2H 2 O (1 , H 4 L ​= ​2,5′-di(3′,5′-dicarboxylphenyl)pyridine) has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, PXRD, thermogravimetric analysis and proton conduction investigation. In 1 , the adjacent Cd(II) ions are joined to form a trinuclear [Cd 3 (COO) 8 ] secondary building unit (SBU) by eight bridging carboxylate groups of L4− ligands. The trinuclear [Cd 3 (COO) 8 ] SBUs are connected by L4− ligands into a 3D (4,8)-connected framework with 1D channels. Most interestingly, due to the guest [Me 2 NH 2 ]+ cations, water molecules and carboxylates sites are lined the pore channels, 1 possesses a remarkable proton conductivity of 1.12 ​× ​10−1 ​S ​cm−1 ​at 60 ​°C and 98% RH, which is comparable to commercially available Nafion. The mechanism of proton conduction was also well discussed. A new 3D anionic metal-organic framework material, namely, [Me 2 NH 2 ] 2 [Cd 3 (L)]·2H 2 O (1 , H 4 L ​= ​2,5′-di(3′,5′-dicarboxylphenyl)pyridine) has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, PXRD, thermogravimetric analysis and proton conduction investigation. Compound 1 exhibits a (4,8)-connected 3D network based on trinuclear [Cd 3 (COO) 8 ] cluster units with excellent water stability. It's worth noting that the value of proton conductivity of 1 reaches 1.12 ​× ​10−1 ​S ​cm−1 ​at 60 ​°C and 98% RH which is comparable to most of the dramatic proton conducting MOFs materials. The activation energy (E a) of 1 is 0.376 ​eV estimated by Arrhenius equation. [Display omitted] • A trinuclear Cd-based 3D (4,8)-connected anionic metal-organic framework were synthesized. • The [Me 2 NH 2 ]+ ​cations, H 2 O and host carboxylates could construct continuous proton-conducting pathways. • The MOF exhibited a remarkable proton conductivity of 1.12×10-1 ​S cm-1 ​at 60°C and 98% RH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]