1. Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase activity reduces the antioxidant defense capacity of human pluripotent stem cells under conditions of mild but not severe oxidative stress.
- Author
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Ivanova, Julia, Guriev, Nikita, Pugovkina, Natalia, and Lyublinskaya, Olga
- Subjects
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HUMAN stem cells , *PLURIPOTENT stem cells , *OXIDATIVE stress , *OXIDANT status , *INDUCED pluripotent stem cells , *THIOREDOXIN - Abstract
Pro-oxidative shift in redox balance, usually termed as "oxidative stress", can lead to different cell responses depending on its intensity. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species ("oxidative distress") can cause DNA, lipid and protein damage. Physiological oxidative stimulus ("oxidative eustress"), in turn, can favor cell proliferation and differentiation – the processes of paramount importance primarily for stem cells. Functions of antioxidant enzymes in cells is currently a focus of intense research, however the role of different antioxidant pathways in pluripotent cell responses to oxidative distress/eustress is still under investigation. In this study, we assessed the contribution of the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR)-dependent pathways to maintaining the redox homeostasis in human induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated progeny cells under basal conditions and under conditions of oxidative stress of varying intensity. Employing the genetically encoded H 2 O 2 biosensor cyto-HyPer and two inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase (auranofin and Tri-1), we show that the reduced activity of TrxR-dependent enzymatic systems leads to the non-cytotoxic disruption of thiol-disulfide metabolism in the cytoplasm of both pluripotent and differentiated cells under basal conditions. Quantifying the cytoplasmic concentrations of peroxide establishing in H 2 O 2 -stressed cells, we demonstrate that TrxR-dependent pathways contribute to the antioxidant activity in the cell cytoplasm under conditions of mild but not severe oxidative stress in both cell lines tested. The observed effects may testify about a conservative role of the TrxR-controlled enzymatic systems manifested as a response to physiological redox stimuli rather than a protection against the severe oxidative stress. • Inhibition of TrxR causes non-cytotoxic increase in the basal thiol oxidation in iPSCs. • Inhibition of TrxR decreases antioxidant capacity of iPSCs under mild oxidative stress. • Resistance of iPSC to severe oxidative stress is not affected by the TrxR inhibition. • Differentiated progenies of iPSCs respond to TrxR inhibition similar to iPSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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