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A new synthetic method is developed for preparing propargylic alcohols from epoxides and terminal alkynes through 1,2-shifts. The synthetic method is useful for both electron-rich and electron-deficient alkynes with other acid and base-sensitive functional groups because of the mild conditions to pre-activate alkynes with silver nitrate.

Gold and platinum catalysts have implemented catalytic cycloisomerizations of cis-4,6-dien-1-yn-3-ols in various modes and have enabled structural reorganization of cyclized products chemoselectively. The studies have shown that bicyclo[4.1.0]heptenone products have resulted from 6-endo-dig cyclization of alcohols bearing a five-membered ring, whereas reorganized styrene products are derived from 5-exo-dig cylization of alcohols bearing both a six-membered ring and a terminal alkyne.

The studies about the hydrodynamic behavior of high molar mass polyglycidol in water and dilute aqueous solution and its scaling exponents are reported. The scaling exponent is found to increase with increasing molar mass which confirm the elongated coil-formation in the high molar mass region.

Indium promoted coupling of propargyl aldehydes with allyl halides has resulted in the synthesis of propargyl alcohols under aqueous and organic conditions. Oxy-Cope rearrangement of 4-hydroxy-1-ene-5-ynes followed by a secondary addition step under highly basic conditions has led to the formation of lactol.

The synthesis of different stereospecifically deuterium-labeled and isotopically tagged palmitic acid probes needed to decipher the stereospecifically course of the T. pityocampa delta(super 11) desaturase is described. The synthesis of probes is carried out by a chemoenzymatic route, in which the key step is the kinetic lipase-catalyzed resolution of racemic mixtures of secondary propargyl alcohols.

A facile substitution of an alcohol for an anion and a deprotonation of the bound alcohol initiate the mechanisms for oxidations of sec-alcohols. Anion plays a key role by mediating the interaction between the estranged ligand and substrate.

An investigation on the state-to-state of vibrational energy relaxation of the OH-stretch fundamental is presented. The time-dependent Schrodinger equation (TD) results are compared to the Landau-Teller theory (LT) results and the key differences are highlighted.

Studies done on liquid-liquid phase splitting in ternary mixtures that contain a room-temperature ionic liquid and an alcohol aqueous solution -namely, [bmim][PF6] + ethanol + water and [bmim] [NTf2] + 2-methypropanol + water using a He-Ne laser light-scattering method is reported. It was found that both ternary mixtures exhibit a very pronounced water-alcohol co-solvent effect.

The rate at which single-bubble sonoluminescence is quenched in the presence of alcohol is examined, and single-bubble sonoluminescence bubbles are generated in a partially degassed-argon-water/alcohol mixture. Quenching requires the repetitive injection of alcohol molecules, which leads to the accumulation of gaseous products within the bubbles.

A thorough evaluation of the estimated power indicates that the gas-phase mechanism of the reaction is governed by radical or biradical mediators, whilst the solution-phase mechanism is distinguished by hydride transfer and the creation of a transitional ion pair which comprises of HOOO- anion. Finally, the amount of ozonation of alcohols and toxicity of ozone consumed in the blood can be determined.

1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-ol (TFIP) alcohol is used to study the influence of trifluoromethyl groups (CF3) on the physicochemical properties of fluorinated organic molecules. The difference in organization of hydration shell around the CF3 and CH3 groups helped in determining the trifluoromethanol and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluropropano-2-ol.

The 1:1 electron donor-acceptor complexes of CO2 formed with alcohols, methanol and ethanol, and with acetone in context of ab initio calculations are examined. The division of the v(sub 2) bending mode of CO2 and v(sub s)(OH) stretching mode of alcohols or the anti symmetric v(sub a)(CCC) and symmetric v(sub s)(CO) stretching modes of acetone are highlighted.

The catalytic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols in their conversion to aldehydes or carboxylic acids and ketones is discussed in the context of three different approaches. Research compares and describes the mechanisms of two of the methods, the ruthenium/2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy catalyzed oxidation and the palladium-catalyzed ixidation.

ArF laser photodissociation dynamics of 1,4-pentadien-3-ol is presented. While the lazer-induced fluorescence indicate that only 1.1 percent of the nascent OH are produced in the vibratonally excited state with v = 1, there is no OH produced with v = 2.

Results suggest that antihydrophobic ethanol increases the solubility of hydrophobic molecules in water and the carbon alkylation involves a transition state with benzyl group packing onto the phenol ring. Further, oxygen alkylation employs the n electrons of the phenoxide oxygen as the nucleophile.

Research describes the regioselective sulfonylation of alpha-chelatable alcohols with catalytic amounts of Bu(sub)2SnO. The reaction rate is correlated with the pK(sub)a of the amine. The mechanistic aspects of the monotosylation reaction is discussed on the basis of (sup)119Sn nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.

Catalytic asymmetric aldol reactions of silyl enol ethers with aldehydes are performed using novel chiral zirconium catalysts. The activities of the chiral zirconium catalysts are enhanced by using new ligands, (R)-3,3'-l2-6,6'-X2BINOL (X = Br, I, C2F5), and it is shown that even aldol reactions of less reactive substrates proceeded smoothly using the novel zirconium catalysts. The alcohol played an important role in the catalysts turnover, and water affected the formation of the catalyst.

Reversed-phase membrane inlet mass spectrometry incorporating a hollow-fiber Nation membrane has been evaluated for the determination of low molecular weight alcohols in chloroform. The hydrophilic Nation membrane preferentially transports methanol and ethanol, allowing percentage concentrations of the alcohols to be determined in a chloroform matrix. A linear response was observed for ethanol over the working range 0.5-2.5%, with a limit of detection of 0.1%. The application of reversed-phase membrane inlet mass spectrometry using a Nation membrane to the monitoring of a chloroform recovery process has been investigated using a residual gas analyzer. Evolving methanol and ethanol concentrations were determined in real time and compared favorably with off-line determinations by gas chromatography.

Research has been conducted on the omega-alkynals that yield macrocyclic (S)-allylic alcohols. The ligand type, reproducibility and the size and nature of the macrocycle have been investigated to study the macrocyclization methodology.

A method of kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols of wide structural scope is proposed in relation to fluorescence based activity assays.

A new study of complexes formed in host-guest complexes with chiral alcohol and monoamine conjugates is described and the resultant CD exciton couplets are investigated.

Research has been conducted on beta-azido alcohols. Enzymatic resolution of these alcohols in combination with ruthenium-catalyzed alcohol isomerization has been investigated.

Research has been conducted on the methyl group deprotonation on silicon group. The methodology for this deprotonation based on the intramolecular pyridyl group coordination is discussed.

Research has been conducted on the silylketene dithiocetal reaction with aldehydes. The reaction resulting in deoxygenation divinylation products in the presence of Lewis acid is described.

The polymer-supported proline-based diamine catalyst efficiently resolves the racemic mixtures of secondary alcohols with products separated chromatographically. The reactions are fully automatable without an aqueous workup and the catalyst can be recovered and reused.

Results show that molecular oxygen oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols at ambient temperature using N-hydroxyphthalimide and cobalt(II) ion as the catalyst. Data indicate that this reaction is economical and environmentally sound for the conversion of alcoholic functions to carbonyl groups.

Research is presented concerning the aqueous chemistry of the demeric molybdocene complex on organometallic catalysis in water. The activation of the C-H bond when catalytic H/D exchange occurs is discussed.

Research describes a method for reduction of primary alcohols and ethers with hydrosilane aided deprotection of aryl alkyl ethers in the presence of B(C(sub)6F(sub)5)(sub)3. The mechanistic aspects of the reaction are presented.

The stereocontrolled synthesis of substituted tetrahydrothiphenes is described.

The pressure dependence of interfacial tension at various compositions was measured and the experimental results were analyzed thermodynamically through the study of the miscibility of 1-icosanol (C20OH) and 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroheptadecafluorodecanol (FC10OH) in the adsorbed film at the hexane/water interface. It was found that the alcohol molecules become less miscible and therefore the activity coefficients of alcohols become larger in the expanded state with increasing pressure.

Graphite particles are exfoliated and subsequently functionalized with toluidine blue. The resulting covalently modified graphite particles are restacked without any binder to form a surface-renewable, bulk-modified electrode. Electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH and its application in the amperometric biosensing of ethanol using alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme have been demonstrated with this material.

Chiral GC separation of (+/-)-2-allyl-2-carboethoxycyclopentanone (9) and the alcohols (+/-)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-carboethoxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (7), (+/-)-2-allyl-2-carboethoxycyclopentanol (8), and their acetylated and trifluoroacetylated derivatives were investigated on three derivatized (beta)-cyclodextrins (CDs) diluted in SE-54 or 1701-OH: 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-(beta)-CD (PMCD); 2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-(beta)-CD (DIMETBCD); 2 ,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-(beta)-CD (DI-ACTBCD). The understanding of these chiral separations is extremelly relevant, since cyclopentanic and bicyclic cyclopentanic rings are common structural features of many important natural products and new pharmaceutical drugs. In general DIMETBCD diluted in SE-54 showed the best chiral resolution to alcohols 7 and 8 and only DIACTBCD showed enantioselectivity to 9. Hydrogen bonds prediction and dipole moments data were obtained by molecular modeling calculations for 7ab and 8ab and Ac and TFA derivatives. Comparison of these data with the chromatographic parameters for the related compounds were used to explain the differences of their elution orders and diastereo- and enantiomeric separations on the above chiral stationary phases (CSPs). The results suggest that the CSPs enantioselectivities are not affected by the carboethoxy-functionalized cyclopentanic and bicyclic cyclopentanic rings themselves but mainly by the functional group on the other stereogenic center

Research into the reactions of alcohols and alkenes with hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces is presented. It is possible to use molecular hydrosilanes containing Si-H2, Si-H and Si-HD as models for some properties of hydrogen-terminated and deuterated porous silicon and abraded silicon surfaces.

Research points out that simple amino acids can be used as ligands in the ruthenium(II)-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of aryl alkyl ketones. The bicyclic beta-amino alcohols are obtained by simple aza-Diels-Alder adduct formation between cyclopentadiene and iminium ion and adduct's subsequent reduction.

Research describes the synthesis of N,S-chelates that function as ligands for the iridium-(I)-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of prochiral ketones. Data indicate that the aminosulfide is the best ligand for controlling asymmetric iridium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of prochiral ketones.

Research discusses the stereoselectivity of the Pummerer reaction and its application for the synthesis of densely functionalized L-alpha-trifluoromethyl (Tfm)-threoninate and D-alpha-Tfm-allo-threoninate in one-pot protocol involving treatment of the diasteromeric sulfenamides with sodium borohydride.

The synthetic route for preparing enantiomerically pure beta-amino alcohols involves asymmetric addition of enaniopure alkyl p-tolyl sulfoxide anions to (S)-N-benzylidene-p-tolyenesulfinamide followed by a stereospecific non-oxidative Pummerer reaction yielding beta-amino sulfoxide. The procedure is adoptable to large-scale processes.

Research presents a methodology for one-pot conversion of a hydroxy group into an iodo group using cerium(III)chloride Lewis acid. Data indicate that iodides can be prepared from alcohols using cerium(III)chloride/sodium iodide system in acetonitrile.

Results show that the carboxymethylation of a homoallylic alcohol occurs via iodolactonization mediated by iodonium dicollidine hexafluorophosphate. The substitution of the iodide with silver trifluoroacetate instead of chloroacetic acid results in the diastereoselective syn-syn dihydroxylation of the double bond in cyclic alkene and possibly with the cyclic allylic alcohols as well.

Research describes the synthesis of multigram quantities of the primary alcohols, in good yields, following a diazo-insertion strategy, which facilitates a convergent synthesis of the title compound. Data indicate that the acyloxazolidinone moiety serves as a surrogate for the primary alcohol.

Research has been conducted on the dimethyl pentanediolate complex. The synthesis of this complex from [Ti(O (super)i Pr) (sub)4 by transestirification with dimethyl pentanediol is described.

Two step synthesis of functionalized and sterically hindered CF(sub)3-substituted alkenes from trifluoroacetic esters is described. The synthetic strategy leads to geometriclly pure gamma-CF(sub)3, gamma-alkyl allylic alcohols, which rearrange and form a CF(sub)3-substtituted quaternary carbon upon ortho ester or amide acetal treatment.

The mechanism of acyclic allylic alcohols epoxidation, how the spiro/planar geometry influences it, and the relative stability of transition structure are discussed. Data indicate that anti transition structures do not contribute much to the stereochemical outcomes. Results are interpreted using density functional calculations.

The hydroperoxide rearrangement leads to the formation of alpha-phenoxyhydroperoxide, geminal dihydroperoxide, and bis(hydroperoxy)-dialkyl-peroxide moieties, suggesting tertiary alcohol transforms into hydroperoxide during this rearrangement chemistry.

Using the reversed-phase bonded-phase HPLC packing Partisil-10 ODS-3, sorption isotherms have been measured for the alcohols 1-propanol (PrOH) and 1-hexanol (HexOH), and as well, a simultaneous sorption curve for the two alcohols has been measured from solutions containing a low and constant concentration of HexOH as sample with increasing concentrations of PrOH as organic modifier. The mobile-phase effect of PrOH is quantified by solution-phase activity coefficients obtained either from vapor/solution equilibrium measurements or from cloud point measurements. Since sorbed alcohols are located at the ODS/solution interface, the stationary-phase effect of PrOH is modeled in terms of three processes: (i) competition for space; (ii) decrease of space required per mole with increasing concentration of sorbed PrOH; and (iii) change of free energy of sorption with increasing concentration of sorbed PrOH. The model yields excellent fits to the isotherms and to the simultaneous sorption curve. Comparison of the model-fitting parameters for the simultaneous sorption curve with those for the PrOH isotherm confirms that the stationary-phase effect of PrOH on HexOH is due exclusively to processes i and ii. Sorbed PrOH causes rearrangement of the C(sub 18) chains of the ODS phase. For volume percent PrOH less than 15% in the mobile phase, the effect of PrOH on sample sorption is nearly exclusively in the stationary phase. Between 15 and 30%, both mobile- and stationary-phase effects are important.

The responses relative to an air background of carbon black/polymer composite vapor detectors have been determined as a function of the concentration of a homologous series of alcohols (n-C(sub n)H(sub 2n+1)OH, 1 < n < 8), a homologous series of alkanes (n-C(sub n)H(sub 2n+2), 5 < n < 10 and n = 12, 14), and a set of diverse solvent vapors. In all cases, the steady-state relative differential resistance responses, AR/R(sub b), of the carbon black/polymer composite vapor detectors were well-described by a linear relationship with respect to the analyte partial pressure, at least over the tested concentration range (P/P degrees = 0.005-0.03, where P degrees is the vapor pressure of the analyte). When two vapors in air were simultaneously presented to the detectors, the (delta)R/R(sub b) response, relative to an air background, was the sum of the (delta)R/R(sub b) values obtained when each analyte was exposed separately to the carbon black/ polymer composite detectors under study. Similarly, when an analyte was exposed to the detectors on top of a background level of another analyte, the (delta)R/R(sub b) values of the array of detectors were very close to those obtained when the test analyte was exposed to the detectors only in the presence of background air. The initial training requirements from the array response output data of such detectors are minimized because the (delta)R/R(sub b) response pattern produced by the analyte of concern can be associated uniquely with that odor, under the conditions explored in this work.

Research has been conducted on the alcohol containing HCl. Transformation of hydroquinone reduction-products of helicenebisquinones into p-alkoxyphenols is described.

Research has been conducted on the benzyl alcohol potential energy surface. The exploration of this energy surface at the RHF/6-31G and MP2-(full)/6-31G level of ab initio theory is described.

Research has been conducted on the isomeric purification of 3-bromopropenols. The range of Wittig reagents exploration and application of the methodology in natural product synthesis are discussed.