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The article presents several calendar events and news briefs of interest to economists. The American Economic Association (AEA) will hold their Annual Meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana in January 2008. Susan Athey won the 2007 John Bates Clark Medal from the AEA. The Society for Computational Economics is holding a contest for graduate student papers in 2008.

This section presents an update on calls for papers, meetings and other related news in the field of economics as of September 2004. The Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association will be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 7-9, 2005. KiddieCorp will provide professional child care services for children 6 months to 12 years at the Philadelphia Marriott Downtown. The Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession of the American Economic Association will sponsor sessions at the January 2006 American Economic Association meetings in Boston, Massachusetts. There will be three sessions on gender-related topics and three sessions on non-gender-related topics. The Second Annual Minnesota International Economic Development Conference will be held on April 29 and 30, 2005, at the University of Minnesota. All papers on any area of the economics of developing countries are welcome. The Sixth International Conference on Islamic Economics and Finance will be held in Jakarta, Indonesia, in August 2005. The theme is Islamic Economics and Banking During the 21st Century. It invites proposals in the above general framework, but more specifically in the areas of financial innovations and products, shariah issues, business strategy and corporate governance, risk management, regulation and supervision, macroeconomic and global issues, microeconomics of Islamic banks, country and regional perspectives and Islamic economics.

The article presents announcements, calls for papers, and notices of professional meetings for the "Journal of Economic Perspectives." The Annual Meeting of the Allied Social Science Associations will be held on January 6-8, 2012 in Chicago, Illinois. The American Economic Association (AEA) has announced election results for the 2011 Election for Officers of the AEA, including Claudia Goldin as President-elect and Christina Paxson and Nancy Rose as Vice-Presidents.

An introduction is presented in which the editors note that the current issue offers papers and proceedings from the American Economic Association's January 2015 annual meeting, outline how the papers were selected, and offers thanks to many who helped in the preparation of the issue.

This article presents news briefs related to economics societies as of November 2005. The Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association will be held in Boston, Massachusetts from January 6 to 8, 2006. The Risk Theory Society is calling for papers to be presented at its annual Risk Theory Society Seminar to be held from April 21 to 23, 2006. Also calling for papers is the "Journal of Family and Economic Issues" for its special issue on consumer finances. The American Council of Learned Societies announces its Digital Innovation Fellowship program.

The article focuses on the publishing of economic papers and its impact on graduate faculty ratings. Three studies of the institutional affiliation of authors of economics papers appeared in the American Economic Review. Economist D.B. Fusfeld examined the origins of the participants in the program of the American Economic Association meetings over the five-year period 1950-54. He concluded that a disproportionately large number of papers came from the Big 15 schools. There was an almost complete absence of papers from the nation's liberal arts colleges, where the economist is more likely to have a broad approach to his subject instead of emphasizing the intense specialization characteristic of the large graduate schools. He observed that the methods of selecting speakers are inadequate, and recommended that the Association improve the method of organizing the annual meetings to broaden the participation base. A follow-up study by F.R. Cleary and D.J. Edwards reviewed the institutional affiliation of contributors to the American Economic Review for the decade 1950-59.

An introduction is presented that discusses the volume theme papers and proceedings from the January 2017 annual meeting of the organization American Economic Association, noting the criteria for the selection of papers by president-elect Alvin Roth of the Association.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses the papers in the journal concerning economics in the U.S. and answers questions and answers concerning topics chosen at the 124th annual meeting of the American Economic Association held in January 2012, standards for the papers, and the publication of comments.

Presents a preliminary announcement of the program of the Eighty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association in New Orleans, Louisiana on December 26-29, 1971.

The article gives brief information about several topics including a call for papers for the January 2012 annual meetings of the American Economic Association (AEA), National Association of Economic Educators, and Council on Economic Education, the AEA's 2011 election results, and the May 18-19, 2011 Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change in Low-Income Countries conference in Washington, D.C.

Presents news briefs about associations in economics as of September 1987. Schedule of the annual meeting of the American Economic Association; Call for paper for the third annual congress of the European Economic Association; Information on the Economic Science Associations; Publication of the "Journal of Quantitative Economics."

The article presents information regarding events in the field of economics. The American Economic Association (AEA) will hold its annual meeting on January 3-5, 2010 in Atlanta, Georgia. Information on the AEA Continuing Education Program for 2010 is provided. The AEA has awarded Emmanuel Saez the John Bates Clark Medal for 2009.

The article presents announcements, calls for papers, and notices of professional meetings for the "Journal of Economic Perspectives." The American Economic Association (AEA) is accepting submissions of papers for the AEA meetings in San Diego, California, January 4-6, 2013. The Committee on Economic Education (CEE) will hold its annual conference on teaching post-secondary economics in Boston, Massachusetts, May 30-June 1, 2012. The "Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis" is accepting entries for its Arnold Harberger Prize for Retrospective Analysis.

The article discusses issues of interest to people involved in economics. John C. Harsanyi and Kelvin J. Lancaster both received the 1994 Distinguished Fellows from the American Economic Association. The Jerome Levy Economics Institute of Bard College is seeking applications for resident research positions. A conference on environment and health in developing countries will be held at the Indian Institute of Management in India on December 15 to 18, 1994. A research sponsorship is being offered by the Japan-United States Friendship Commission.

Presents news briefs related to economics as of September 1988. Schedule of the annual meeting of the American Economic Association; Incorporation of the National Association of Student Anthropologists as a unit of the American Anthropological Association; Acceptance of applications for resident research fellowships by the Jerome Levy Economics Institute of Bard College.

An introduction is presented that discusses the issue theme of papers and proceedings from the January 2017 annual meeting of the organization American Economic Association (AEA) in Chicago, Illinois, discussing the selection of papers for the issue.

Presents a preliminary announcement of program schedules for the Eighty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association on December 27-30, 1973 in New York.

The article offers a report on the journal "American Economic Review" ("AER"). Topics include the publishing of papers and proceedings from the 2016 annual meeting of the organization American Economic Association, the journal's editorial board and staff, and lists of peer reviewers serving the journal in 2016.

An introduction is presented in which the author comments on the articles in this issue, which are derived from the annual American Economic Association meeting in San Francisco, California in January 2016, including one on Robert Gordon's book "The Rise and Fall of American Growth," one on the relationship between big data and economics, and one on the economics of immigration policy.

The article provides information on the activities of the American Economic Association (AEA). It presents a call for papers for the January 1992 AEA Meetings. The AEA will offer a series of seminars on topics and techniques at the 1900 annual meeting. An overview on the Intellectual Property and the Construction of Authorship conference is offered. The Research and Training Program on Poverty, the Underclass and Public Policy of the University of Michigan offers one-year post-doctoral fellowships to U.S. minority scholars who wants to expand their knowledge on social sciences.

The 2012 report from the editor of the periodical "American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics" is presented. It discusses the editorial processes involved in the handling of manuscript subscriptions to the scholarly journal and the peer-review process. It discusses the 2011 jointly-sponsored conference between the journal and the Banque de France, the Center for Economic Policy Research, the European Center for Advanced Research in Economics and Statistics, and the Paris School of Economics entitled "The Financial Crisis: Lessons for International Macroeconomics." It acknowledges the contributions of the editorial staff including Coeditor Richard Rogerson, as well as editorial board members Tim Cogley and Simon Gilchrist.

An introduction is presented in which the editor of the journal discusses the selection and publication of the papers and proceedings of the annual meeting of the organization the American Economic Association in January 2014.

The article offers news briefs related to the American Economic Association (AEA). The Annual Meeting of the AEA will be held in Washington D.C. from January 6-8, 1995. Harold Hotelling was appointed chairman of the Department of Humanities at Lawrence Technological University in Southfield, Michigan. Bruce E. Hansen was selected as associate professor of economics at Boston College in Massachusetts.

The article presents a report form the Committee on Economic Education, a subcomittee of the American Economics Association (AEA). Details of the three sessions presenting academic papers held at the 2007 AEA meeting in Chicago, Illinois are described.The sessions featured papers evaluating a number of areas of economic study including an assessment of graduate school economic education and the teaching of economics at the college undergraduate level and to students in elementary, middle and high schools

Presents news briefs on the field of academic economics in the U.S. as of June 1988. Schedule of the annual meeting of the American Economic Association; Purpose of the Liberal Arts Fellowships offered by Harvard Law School in Cambridge, Massachusetts; Information on an essay contest organized by the Council on International and Public Affairs.

The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) conducts analyses on a large variety of economic issues, publishes books, working papers, and two periodicals, sponsors conferences and holds workshops and seminars as part of an annual summer institute. Approximately 280 economists at universilies across the U..S. contribute to NBER's working paper series, and many other economists, here and abroad, attend conferences and the summer institute. The NBER also sponsors large scale projects which bring together researchers from several of these programs. One major project centers on the role of Government Budget and the Private Economy. In addition, NBER is currently sponsoring several smaller projects. Jeffrey Sachs is directing a project on Developing Country Debt. Richard Freeman heads a study of International Migration. Alan Auerbach is leading an examination of Mergers and Acquisitions. Martin Feldstein is directing a study of the Effects of Taxation on Capital Formation. And David Wise heads a project on the Economics of Aging.

This article presents information about a symposium held on January 6, 2009 on economic education in the United States co-sponsored by the Council for Economic Education, the "Journal of Economic Education," and the Senesh Endowment in Economic Education at Purdue University. Discussions at the conference compared the precollege and undergraduate economic education initiatives and research in Australia, Japan, Korea, and Great Britain with the United States.

This article provides news and notes related to the study of economics. Topics of discussion include the announcement of a contest for graduate student papers on economics to be awarded at the 13th Annual International Conference in Computing in Economics and Finance, the invitation for nominees for several economic awards such as the Dana Meadows Award and 2007 Julius Shiskin Award for Economic Statistics, and an invitation to submit papers and research for sessions being held by the National Council on Economic Education and the National Association of Economic Educators. The article also announces that Daniel S. Nagin is the recipient of the American Society of Criminology's 2006 Edwin H. Sutherland Award.

The front cover of the May 2017 issue of the periodical "The American Economic Review" is presented, noting the issue theme of the papers and proceedings of the January 6-8, 2017 annual meeting of the organization American Economic Association in Chicago, Illinois, along with an issue table of contents.

The article presents information on various web sites and for calls for papers, including the American Economics Association's (AEA) Government Relations Committee publishing electronic announcements at http://www.aeaweb.org/committees/Govt_Relations/index.php, AEA's publication of updates on microblog service Twitter, and a call for papers for a National Business & Economics Society conference.

This section presents an update on news related to the field of economics as of Spring 2004. In accordance with Article IV, Section 2 of the By-laws of the American Economic Association, President-elect George Akerlof appointed a Nominating Committee for 2006 consisting of Peter Diamond, Chair, Guillermo Calvo, Angus Deaton, Timur Kuran, Ellen McGrattan, Steven Levitt, Suzanne Scotchmer and Robert Shiller. The Bernard Saffran Memorial Endowment for Junior Faculty Development has been established at Swarthmore College. In his mentoring of a generation of young economists, Professor Saffran particularly encouraged junior colleagues to build research collaborations and other professional connections within academia, and to spend sustained time during sabbatical leaves away from the college, in academic, government or private institutions. The 10th Symposium on Finance, Banking, and Insurance will be held at the Universitaet Karlsruhe, December 14-16, 2005. Its principal objective is to encourage further research in the areas of banking, finance and insurance and to strengthen cooperation between theory and practice. The New York State Economics Association will hold its 58th Annual Conference on October 7-8, 2005, at the Ramada Inn Geneva Lakefront Geneva, New York.

The article presents information on associations and individuals related to the study of economics. Emmanuel Saez was awarded the 2009 John Bates Clark Medal by the American Economic Association. The American Economic Association will hold its annual meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, on January 3-5, 2010. The journal "Review of Agricultural Economics" will be relaunched as "Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy."

This article discusses the book "Advancement of Intelligent Production: 7th International Conference on Production/Precision Engineering, 4th International Conference on High Technology, Chiba, Japan, September 15-17, 1994," edited by Eiji Usui. This book focuses on the state of the art of production/precision engineering and the movement of industries toward more intelligent and more human-oriented technology. The papers focuses on the future perspective of computer integrated manufacturing, intelligence in machine tools configuration, a perspective on the future of the precision engineering industry, the mechanisms of material removal in fine grinding and polishing of advanced ceramics and glasses, and the machining performance prediction for modern manufacturing.

The article presents information on the 49th annual meeting of the American Economic Association, lists people that have been added to the American Economic Association since August 1, 1936, and reports about appointments and resignations in different U.S. universities. The American Economic Association's meeting that will take place from December 28-30, 1936, in Chicago, Illinois, will see economists presenting papers on varied economic topics. Some people who became members of the association include: W.C. Bagley, H.B. Baker, W.D. Barlow and E.C. Burris. Laurence J. Ackerman has joined as an instructor in insurance at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. James P. Adams has been made the acting president of Brown University.

An introduction is presented in which the incoming president of the American Economic Association thanks those who helped him organize the group's 2015 annual meeting, which forms the basis of the current issue; describes special events at the meeting including a talk by economist Raj Chetty; and cites a panel on the book "Capital in the 21st Century" by Thomas Piketty.

The article presents information on a round table discussion on transportation and public utility problems. At the morning session, which was concerned with transportation problems, papers were read by James C. Nelson, Washington State College, on the subject, "Patterns of Competition and Monopoly in Present-day Transport and Implications for Public Policy," and by Ernest W. Williams, Columbia University, on "The Maintenance of Adequate Rail Rate Levels in the Future." The afternoon session was devoted to puplic utility problems, with papers by William M. Duffus, Ohio State University, on "The Place of the Government Corporation in the Public Utility Industries," and by Ralph K Badger, Ralph K. Badger Associates, on the "The Rate of Return." James C. Nelson stated that the past emphasis on high fixed costs and monopoly as the important factors in the field of railroad eco- nomics is no longer warranted. He said that the current public policy of restricting entry into service and operations by transportation com- panies has raised doubts about the efficient and economical functioning of the system. Truman C. Bigham said that railroad revenue cases should be ap- proached from the standpoint of inherent advantage or relative econ- omy and fitness. This means, as already recognized by some of the lead- ing companies, that the railroads should not attempt to raise funds for the financing of services more economically provided by other modes of transport.

This article discusses the papers presented in the meeting of the Allied Social Science Associations which focused on the analysis econometric tools in New Orleans, Louisiana in 2001. The papers in the symposium can be thought of as addressing issues that arise when the assumptions underlying an ordinary least squares approach break down. A research by John DiNardo and Justin L. Tobias describe how nonparametric techniques can be used. The paper also present an example of nonparametric regression called local linear regression. On the other hand, a study by Kenneth Y. Chay and James L. Powell consider techniques that have been developed to address problems created by a censored dependent variable. They focus on semiparametric techniques where the researcher makes some assumptions about functional form, but also allows the data some freedom to determine the relationship between dependent variables. However, in a research by Joel L. Horowitz and NH. E. Savin, economic estimators were discussed. The authors begin the presentation by comparing the linear probability model to the logit and probit models, which were developed to allow an S-shaped relationship between dependent and explanatory variables.

The article presents the minutes of the first meeting of the 1976 Executive Committee of the American Economic Association held in Washington, D.C. on March 19, 1976. The following members were present: Franco Modigliani (presiding), Carolyn Shaw Bell, Barbara R. Bergmann, George H. Borts, Andrew F. Brimmer, Rendigs Fels, R. A. Gordon, Walter W. Heller, C. Elton Hinshaw, Harry G. Johnson, Lawrence R. Klein, Mark Perlman, Edmund S. Phelps, Alice Rivlin, Paul M. Sweezy, and Burton A. Weisbrod. The Secretary reported that, pursuant to the guideline that normally firm site commitments should not extend beyond five years, he had informed the convention bureaus of the cities now holding space for the 1982 meetings that a decision will probably not be made until 1977. The Treasurer reported that financial statements for 1975 received from the auditors show an operating deficit of $56 thousand, a little less than the anticipated deficit of $62 thousand. The Managing Editor reported that he may have overestimated printing costs in the 1976 budget. He had projected a price increase for paper which has not and may not materialize. The Chairman reported that at present the Association's bylaws provide for the election of a maximum of 25 foreign honorary members.

The article presents updates on the American Economic Association (AEA). President-elect Thomas C. Schelling has appointed a Nominating Committee for 1991 in accordance with Article IV, Section 2 of the By-laws of the AEA. The AEA officers nominated for 1990 are presented. The incoming meetings and conferences of the association are presented including, the Joint National Meeting of the Operations Research Society of America and the Institute of Management Sciences and the Indo-U.S. Subcommission on Education and Culture.

The article presents summary of articles present at a round table conference on the economics of war. Hebrert K. Zassenhaus, suggested that the contraposition inflationary and non-inflationary war financing is not identical with the contraposition financing with taxes and financing with loans. The supposed effects of taxation cannot be accredited to non-inflationary financing, or the supposed bad effects of loan financing to inflationary financing, nor vice versa. Taxes, if not adjusted so as to prevent their payment (directly or indirectly) out of borrowed funds, can be as inflationary in their effects as loans financed through an instrument which is a dose substitute for money. The strongest case for taxation rather than borrowing rests on the adverse distributive effects of loan financing during the war (if inflationary, from fixed to variable incomes) and after the war (from the public to the bondholders), and on the monetary effects of unwise postwar debt management. Herbert Stein expressed the view that the economic aftercosts of war discussed in the papers presented fall into two general categories. First there is the diminution of postwar production, which may be attributed to the ways effects upon the supply of resources, physical and human. Second, there are the costs of underemployment of resources, which have at times in the past been associated with the aftermath of war.

This article presents information on congresses and conventions on various issues held in the U.S. as of December 1916. The Twenty-ninth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association will be held at Columbus, Ohio, December 27-30, 1916. The American Sociological Society, the American Statistical Association, and the American Association for Labor Legislation will meet at the same time and place. A meeting of the teachers of economics, sociology, and commerce, in the state of Iowa was held at the State University in Iowa City on October 6 and 7, 1916. On Wednesday evening, December 27, there will be a joint meeting of the four associations at which the annual presidents' addresses will be given. The subject for discussion at the Thursday morning session is "The Problem of Land Ownership." researcher Richard T. Ely will read the leading paper. On Thursday afternoon there will be papers by researcher H. C. Taylor on "Two Dimensions of Economic Productivity" and by researcher George von Tungein on "The Results of Some Rural Surveys in Iowa."

The article presents information on various congresses and other related developments. The twenty-seventh annual meeting of the American Economic Association will be held at Princeton, New Jersey, December 28-81, 1914. At the opening session on Monday evening there will be a joint meeting with the American Statistical Association and the American Sociological Society at which presidential addresses will be delivered. At the second session, Tuesday, the subject of the discussion will be "Speculation on Stock Exchanges and Public Regulation of the Exchanges." The discussion will he introduced by papers from Samuel Untermeyer of New York and H.C. Emery of Yale University. At the third session, Tuesday, papers will be read on "Market Distribution," by Royal Meeker, U.S. Commissioner of Labor, and L.P.H. Weld of the University of Minnesota. The eighth annual convention of the National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education will be held at Richmond, Virginia, December 9-12. The sixth convention of the Southern Commercial Congress has been postponed and will be held at Muskogee, Oklahoma, April 26-30, 1915. In addition to that, the article presents information on various other developments.

The article presents a list of conferences to be held on various topics, from December 27-29, 1963 in Boston, Massachusetts as part of the 76th Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association. A meeting on the theme Principles of Efficiency to be presided over by Paul A. Samuelson of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The papers to be discussed are The Measurement of Waste by Arnold Harberger and The Efficient Allocation of Capital by Jack Hershleifer. A meeting on the theme Re-Appraisals in American Economic History to be presided over by Douglass North of the University of Washington. The papers to be discussed are A New Look at Hunter's Hypothesis about the Ante-Bellum Iron Industry by Peter Temin, Ante-Bellum Interregional Trade Reconsidered by Albert Fishlow and Canals and Development -- A Discussion of the Issue by Roger Ransom. A meeting on Comparative Costs and Economic Development to be presided over by C. P.Kindleberger of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The papers to be discussed are The Experience of India by Wilfred Malenbaum, The African Situation by Walter A. Chudson and The Case of Brazil by Werner Baer.

The article presents information about the book "Advances in Austrian Economics," vol. 4, edited by Peter J. Boettke and Steven Horwitz. In the book fourteen papers relates to Austrian economics. Papers in part 1 of the book include a symposium on central issues in Austrian macroeconomics and directions for research. Papers in part 2 of the book are from a symposium on writers Robert Heilbroner and William Milberg's book "The Crisis of Vision in Modern Economic Thought." Part 3 of the book presents current research, with papers focusing on economist Adolph Lowe and the Austrians; Austrian insights and the theory of the firm; and economist Francis Newman and the "Austrian" critique of socialism.

The article focuses on the book "Children and families at Risk: New Issues in Integrating Services," by Peter Evans. Nineteen papers, presented at a conference held in Toronto in 1996, examine research completed by the Centre for Educational Research and Innovation of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) into the integration of services to meet the needs of children and youth at risk and their families. Papers discuss two ways of integration; the transition to preschool in Great Britain and Finland; after-school child care; trends in youth employment and school-work transitions in Canada; and Missouri's caring communities. Papers also discuss about the redesign of services for children and families; parental involvement in preschool education in France; the education and service integration roles of professional social workers; implementing system change for effective client services; and a shift from programmatic to integrated services in New Brunswick, Canada. Evans is with the OECD secretariat.

The article provides information about the book "Land Value Taxation: Can It and Will It Work Today?," edited by Dick Netzer. Eight papers, presented at a conference held in Tempe, Arizona, in January 1998 and sponsored by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy assess the opportunities and obstacles inherent in the implementation of land value taxation. Papers discuss the ethics of land value taxation; the economic consequences of a land tax; the distributional consequences of a national land value tax on real property in the United States; the relevance and feasibility of land value taxation in rich countries; land taxes versus property taxes in developing and transition countries; the efficiency and distributional implications of replacing capital taxes with land taxes; whether the land value tax can play an important role in the financing of state and local governments in the United States; and applications of land value taxation to problems of environmental protection, congestion, efficient resource use, population, and economic growth.

The article offers news briefs related to the organization American Economic Association (AEA) as of Winter 2014. The January 3-5, 2015 annual meeting of the AEA in Boston, Massachusetts has issued a call for papers with an April 1, 2014 deadline. AEA member Janet L. Yellen was confirmed as chair of the U.S. Federal Reserve. Nominations for best article prizes for articles in the periodicals "American Economics Journals" ("AEJ") are requested.

This article focuses on the book "Whither APEC? The Progress to Date and Agenda for the Future," edited by C. Fred Bergsten. This book contains seventeen papers, from a conference held by the Institute for International Economics in April 1997, assess Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation's (APEC) progress to date and suggest new steps that APEC might take, beginning with its fifth annual summit in Vancouver in November 1997, to ensure that its practical achievements live up to its stated goals. Papers focus on the prospects and possible strategies of APEC in 1997; assessing APEC trade liberalization; measuring and comparing progress in APEC; APEC and World Trade Organization in trade liberalization; whether APEC can deliver on investment open regionalism.

The article presents information on the book "Dimensions of Development With Emphasis on Africa: Proceedings from the Interdisciplinary Conference on Third World Studies, Uppsala, March 1994," Sixteen papers, resulting from a conference held at Uppsala in March 1994, explore interdisciplinary areas of research in third world studies. Papers focus on philosophical and theoretical parameters; dynamics and constraints of development; environment, development, and economic resources; and ethnicity and conflict.

The article discusses the book "Korea-United States Cooperation in the New World Order," edited by C. Fred Bergsten and Il Sakong. Seven papers, deriving from the Korea-United States Twenty-First Century Council meeting in February 1995, focus on the security and overall political context for the relationship between Korea and the United States; their bilateral economic relationship; and cooperation between the two countries in the broader multilateral, especially regional, economic context. Papers discuss relations between North and South Korea after the resolution of the North Korean nuclear issue; the effects and implications of economic integration on the Korean Peninsula; security and economic implications of Korean unification; U.S.-Korea economic relations; conflict or cooperation in Korea-U.S.. economic relations in the 1990s and the Borgor Declaration.