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The structure, morphology, and thermal behavior of the hybrid synthesized from epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) incorporated with different content of zirconia (wt. 3%, wt. 7%, and wt. 15% ZrO2) were investigated via FTIR, TGA, and SEM respectively. The presence of acetic acid in the hybrid resulted in an ester group (C-O) that is shown between 1000 and 1300 cm-1 stretching bands via FTIR analysis. The reduction of epoxide peak at the range between 880 and 870 cm-1 suggested that zirconia have created bonds and linked with epoxy's opened rings. All the samples of the hybrid presented one minor thermal degradation step between temperatures 100 °C and 150 °C and also showed one major thermal degradation step placed between temperatures 300°C and 490°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure, morphology, and thermal behavior of the hybrid synthesized from epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) incorporated with different content of zirconia (wt. 3%, wt. 7%, and wt. 15% ZrO2) were investigated via FTIR, TGA, and SEM respectively. The presence of acetic acid in the hybrid resulted in an ester group (C-O) that is shown between 1000 and 1300 cm-1 stretching bands via FTIR analysis. The reduction of epoxide peak at the range between 880 and 870 cm-1 suggested that zirconia have created bonds and linked with epoxy's opened rings. All the samples of the hybrid presented one minor thermal degradation step between temperatures 100 °C and 150 °C and also showed one major thermal degradation step placed between temperatures 300°C and 490°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer composite materials reinforced with fibers are widely used in various fields of science and technology. One of the effective methods of physical modification is the application of microwave electromagnetic fields. An important task is the modeling of composite materials under the influence of microwaves and then further investigation of their strength characteristics. An experimental study of multilayer composite fiber, consisting of an outer layer of epoxy resin and several inner cores made of graphite or glass under the influence of microwave heating, is considered. Based on the experimental results, principles for constructing a mathematical model of multilayer composite material were developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates thermal and wave effects in a composite material. Studies of a single fiber consisted of an outer layer of epoxy resin with an inner core of graphite or glass are conducted for determination such effects affecting the composite material. The results of previous experiments are considered, and the uncoupled thermoelastic mathematical model of thermal heating of the polymer composite material is refined. Calculations of the proposed mathematical model are carried out, resulting in a qualitative agreement with the experimental results [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epoxies are a broad class of polymer materials often used as adhesive, structural or binding materials. Epon 828 is an epoxy resin that can be polymerized with a variety of curing agents with the choice of curing agent potentially having an effect on the resulting epoxy polymer's material properties. In this study, the dynamic behavior of Epon 828 epoxy resin cured with diethanolamine (DEA) is investigated through a series of tamped Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) experiments measured with x-ray phase-contrast imaging. The measured shock and particle velocities are combined with data in the literature to calibrate Mie-Grüneisen equations-of-state (EOS) for portions and combinations of the collective dataset. The calibrated Mie-Grüneisen EOS are validated against particle velocity profiles extracted from published literature using the Eulerian hydrocode CTH. The Mie-Grüneisen EOS fit to only the tamped RMI experimental data presented here most closely follows the particle velocity profile in the published literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been determined, within the confines of this experimental effort, that ramie fibre with a volume fraction of ten percent of a bio filler reinforced epoxy composite creates a surface quality that is superior after machining. A surface roughness value of 7.88455 µm and 7.09655 µm were obtained for the Rami fibre composite material, respectively. Surface roughness was found to be significantly lower in the ramie fibre composite compared to the plain fibre composite. A mean significance value of p=0.043, which is less than 0.05, indicates that the incorporation of bio filler resulted in a sizable improvement in the surface roughness of the composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the fundamental purpose of this research, the measurement of thermal conductivity of carbon/glass/basalt fibre laminate reinforced composites with and without MWCNT nanoparticle filler is planned to be carried out. The Instruments and Methods Used in Research: Two sets of sample specimens were used for the thermal conductivity investigation. One group consisted of carbon/glass/basalt fibre with filler (N=20), while the other group consisted of carbon/glass/basalt fibre without filler (N=20). Both groups were subjected to the same amount of fibre. For the purpose of determining the sample size, the G Power is defined as 80 percent, with α equal to 0.05 for each set. Additionally, a total of forty samples are utilised in the calculation. Epoxy resin LY556 and hardener HY951 are the major components that make up this product. Additionally, unique MWCNT nanoparticles are being utilised as a filler in this process. In terms of power, eighty percent is regarded to be G. According to the findings, the thermal conductivity of the carbon/glass/basalt fibre laminate composite is higher than the thermal conductivity of the same composite without the filler. This is the case after the addition of a novel MWCNT nanoparticles filler at a volume fraction fraction of 2 percent. A statistically significant contrast between the two groups was indicated by these data, which had a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05 or below). When carbon, glass, and basalt fibres are combined with a filler of two percent, statistical significance is the result. Based on the restrictions of the study, the thermal conductivity of a fiber-reinforced epoxy composite that does not contain any filler is found to be greater than that of a composite that has a volume fraction of unique MWCNT nanoparticles that is around 2 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite is one among the rapidly developing sector in material engineering industry. The most salient feature of natural fiber reinforced polymer is that they are recyclable, less polluting and are economically feasible. India being the leading producer of banana fiber the conversion of it into any useful products aids to reduce wastage of biomass. The source of banana fiber is mainly is banana stem, banana peduncle and banana peel. This banana peel and fiber from the peduncle is powdered and dipped respectively in Epoxy Resin is then mixed Hardener to produce different composites. This paper presents a summary of research work done in the field of banana fiber reinforced polymer composites with special references to the physical and mechanical properties of the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Change is an unavoidable aspect of life, affecting different areas such as product configurations, designs, and characteristics due to evolving environments and customer demands. Adapting to these changes necessitates considering available resources and manufacturing technology. This study aims to utilize locally accessible resources to create roofing tiles that possess desirable properties, while ensuring cost-effectiveness in the manufacturing process. The research focuses on combining Epoxy Resin LY556 and HY951 with bi-directional banana fiber to develop composite material. The properties of the composite were analysed using various techniques, including tensile testing, impact testing, and moisture absorption testing, following ASTM standards. The findings demonstrate that banana fiber-reinforced epoxy composites show promise in low strength applications such as vehicle mud flaps, engine hoods, and dashboards, providing a lightweight and strong alternative to conventional materials mainly synthetic materials. This research showcases the feasibility of developing composite specimens that integrate desirable properties of Epoxy Resin LY556 and HY951 with banana fiber, offering a cost-effective solution for roofing needs. Moreover, the mechanical attributes and potential applications of banana fiber-reinforced epoxy composites pave the way for their utilization in diverse low-strength applications, providing a novel and eco-friendly alternative to conventional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water-to-cement ratio, denoted as w/c, represents the relative amount of water to cement in a concrete mixture. A decrease in the water-to-cement (w/c) ratio increases the compressive strength of the concrete. On the contrary, an increase in the water-to-cement ratio (w/c value) is accompanied by a corresponding increase in the compressive strength of the concrete. Despite achieving the appropriate water-to-cement ratio (W/C), there are infrequent occurrences of substantial processing delays. One approach to addressing this issue involves the incorporation of chemical additives into the concrete mixture. Prior research has demonstrated that using epoxy resin in concrete can expedite the hardening process and attain an ideal level of compressive strength. This study aimed to determine the optimal water-cement ratio by including epoxy resin to produce concrete with maximum compressive strength. The water-to-cement (w/c) ratios employed in this research were 0.54, 0.61, and 0.69. The study incorporated a total of 36 test cubes, with the addition of 8% epoxy resin to the overall cement composition. Based on the research findings, it was seen that the incorporation of 8% epoxy resin into concrete with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.61 resulted in a compressive strength of 22.33 MPa after a curing period of three days. This value approximated the anticipated compressive strength of 25 MPa, typically reached after 28 days of curing. In the absence of epoxy resin, conventional concrete exhibited a compressive strength of 11.12 MPa when subjected to a water-to-cement ratio (w/c) of 0.61 after three days. Similar occurrences were seen in concrete mixtures with variations in water-cement ratios of 0.54 and 0.69. Including epoxy resin as an addition in concrete can expedite the attainment of 90 percent of the intended compressive strength over three days, in contrast to the compressive strength achieved by concrete alone. In the case of concrete possessing a designated compressive strength of 25 MPa, it is deemed optimal to maintain a water-to-cement ratio (w/c) of 0.61. The observed decrease in value is deemed within acceptable parameters, and the intended level of compressive strength is successfully attained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outcomes of replacing stone ash in asphalt concrete mixtures with modified asphalt epoxy resin and fly ash as a filler. This research aims to determine whether epoxy resin and fly ash can be used as functional components of asphalt pavements. At 100% fly ash filler content, this study found the maximum stability value for the Marshall test without immersion, with a value of 1570.31 kg. This experiment aimed to examine the pavement of roads in both immersion and non-immersion conditions. In contrast, a Marshall test using immersion found the most stable results at 100% fly ash filler content, with a value of 1199.66 kg. As more fly ash is used as a filler, the stability rating improves because of the increased locking between the aggregate particles and the asphalt's ability to bond to the aggregate. When it rains, the pavement sinks because of the combined effects of stability and flow. The durability and load-carrying capability of an asphalt pavement are affected by this characteristic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine the surface texture of epoxy composites reinforced with Betel leaf fiber and new cassia auriculata filler for Betel leaf fiber. Twenty people participated in the experiment, which included making an epoxy composite with betel leaf fibre and new cassia auriculata filler that made up 20% of the volume portion. As a comparison category, we used a leaf of betel fibers urethane composites that did not include any filler (N=20). The sample size for the composites was determined using G power, which is 80%. To create the composite samples, the hand debilitating procedure was used. The consequences show that both the epoxy composite with and without the new cassia auriculata filler was tested for surface roughness in drilled holes with a volume proportion of 20%. Without filler, the leaf of betel fiber has a surface roughness of 4.79 µm, whereas the material with 20% filler adhesive composites has a surface roughness of 4.28 µm. The presence of 20% filler in betel leaf fiber resulted in a valuably important result (p.024, p<.05). Having drilled hole surface texture was marginally improved using Betel leaf fiber epoxy composite compared to Betel Ministries leaves fiber with a 20% volume percentage of innovative cassia auriculata padding, given the restrictions of this investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to assess the elasticity of epoxy composites reinforced with Betel Ministries leaf fibers and those reinforced with cassia auriculata, this research aims to compare the two. A composite material was created as an experimental group using betel leaf fiber and a new filler made of cassia auriculata, with a volume proportion of 10% and 20% epoxy (N=40). A control group of 20 people was used, consisting of betel leaf fiber epoxy composite that had no fillers added to it. The hand layup process was used for the fabrication of the samples. Epoxy composites with and without a new cassia auriculata filler were subjected to tensile testing. The volume fractions of the filler were 10% and 20%, respectively. Betel leaf fiber reinforced epoxy composite had a maximum tensile strength of 43.2 MPa, whereas composites reinforced with 10% and 20% volume fractions of filler had maximum strengths of 44.33 MPa and 47.8 MPa, respectively, with significantly greater values (p=0.000; p<0.05). Within the constraints of this research, a new filler combination made of Betel leaf fiber and 20% cassia auriculata showed a little increase in tensile strength compared to the epoxy composites and the filler supplemented composites with a 10% volume percentage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the aim is to design a novel O-shaped Features a rectangle and a patch microstrip antenna that operate in the C-band frequency range. The current system and the planned work both provide data sets to this research. With a height of 1.6 mm and a relative permittivity of around 4.4, the FR4 epoxy substrate is an excellent choice. The O-shaped antenna is superior than the rectangular MPA because to its lower return loss and higher resonating frequency of 7.1 GHz. This study was carried out utilizing Ansoft HFSS 15.0 for both design and analysis. The proposed antenna is superior to its rivals as its return loss value is lower than that of rectangular MPA. A statistically significant return loss (P=0.006) is shown by the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study is to design and evaluate a novel W-shaped microstrip patch antenna in comparison to an existing rectangular patch microstrip antenna in terms of return loss performance. Beneath the approximately 0.06 mm thick W-shaped patch structure is a 4.4 relative permittivity FR4 epoxy material substrate. The structure is thin and pliable. We were able to make the required antenna because of this. To examine its distinctive W-shaped MPA, a gentle HFSS 15.0 was used. In order to achieve a significance level of 80%, the G power calculation suggests using a sample size of 32. A novel W-shaped multi-band antenna (MPA) is presented, including a return loss of -19.30 dB and a resonance frequency of 7.4 GHz. In terms of return loss, the rectangular MPA comes in at -13.57 db. There is a statistically significant difference between the two data sets if the p-value is less than 0.05. The novel's high-gain W-shaped design results in reduced return loss compared to rectangular MPAs. A p-value below 0.05 is considered statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to minimize return loss by designing a micro strip-patch antenna using rectangular patches rather than the conventional H-slot patches and novel S-slots. Using a soft's High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) 15.0 tool, we constructed the rectangular micro strip patch antenna with extra S and rectangular slots. It was made on a 2.00 mm thick substrate using Flame Retardant FR4 epoxy resin. The G Power statistical method is used to estimate the sample size with an 80% probability. Ten samples were taken from each group, for a grand total of twenty samples used in the study. There is clear demarcation between the two categories. The end result High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is the program used to do the simulations. The return loss is a performance metric for antennas. Maximizing profits the return loss of a new S-and rectangular-slot patch antenna is -31.94 dB, whereas that of an H-slot rectangular micro strip patch antenna is -23.27 dB. Results from the SPSS test show that there is a statistically significant difference between the two groups, with a significance level of 0.410 (p > 0.05). Finally, it seems that the return loss is much improved by the new rectangular slots patch antenna in the form of a S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the return loss of rectangular micro strip patch antennas, this effort seeks to construct new antennas with rectangular and S slots instead of U slots. Research Techniques and Tools: The rectangular micro strip patch antenna was built in An soft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) version 15.0 utilizing custom-made S and rectangular slots. The base for its construction was a 2.00 mm thick FR4 epoxy resin. G Power is a statistical tool that gives you an 80% chance estimate for your sample size. Ten samples were taken from each group, for a total of twenty samples utilized in the study. The SPSS analysis indicates that the level of significance (0.039) is lower than the critical value of 0.05 (p < 0.05). The results of the simulations, which were executed using the HFSS, are detailed below. The return loss is a metric that is used to assess antenna designs. The boosted output In comparison to a one-of-a-kind S-and rectangular-slot patch antenna, the return loss of a rectangular micro strip patch antenna with a U-slot is -21.37 dB. Achieving an accuracy ratio lower than 0.05 was crucial. In comparison to the U-slot antenna, the performance of the rectangular micro strip patch antenna—which encompasses the innovative S-and rectangular-slot patch antennas—is much superior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the industrial revolution 4.0, the development of braking technology in motorized vehicles is very rapid. Brake pads have the most vital role in the braking system, namely to slow down and stop the vehicle. Currently, brake pads made from asbestos are starting to be abandoned due to the effect of asbestos which is slippery during rainy conditions and is a hazard to health. Therefore, composites are the right material to be used as brake pads because they have the advantages of corrosion resistance, lightweight, and strength close to the metal. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using composites on the mechanical properties of brake pads. In this study, applying powder metallurgy technique by applying a compacting pressure of 10 MPa for 1 hour and a sintering temperature of 150 °C for 30 minutes at various compositions of coconut shell powder, cassava peel powder, aluminum powder, epoxy resin. The mechanical properties tested were the wearing test with ASTM G9 -95a, and the hardness test with ASTM E384-17. The results showed that the average specific wear value in sample A was 2.369 x 10−7 mm2 / kg, sample B was 2.272 x 10-7 mm2 / kg, and sample C was 2.142 x 10−7 mm2 / kg. In the calculation of the hardness results, sample A has an average hardness value of 20.28 Kgf / mm2, sample B has an average hardness value of 20.73 Kgf / mm2, and sample C has an average hardness value of 21, 76 kgf / mm2. The comparison brake pads (KVB-T01) have a specific wear value of 2.037 x 10−7 mm2 / kg and a hardness value of 22.45 kgf/mm2. The pad composite that determines the specific wear value and the hardness of the KVB-T01 brake pads is in sample C. The results of the micro photo on the sample can be seen that the distribution, homogeneity, and the percentage of the number between the composing parts of the composite determine the value of brake pad wear and hardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at finding the influence of MWCNT nanoparticles particles fillers on the quasi-static puncture force of Kevlar/Glass/Kevlar fiber composite, which is weakened by impact force. The investigation involved quasi-static puncture tests on two groups of samples: 20 KGK base composites, without any filler, remaining as control and 20 MWCNT filler samples included, hence forming MWCNT experimental group. The study had Power of 80% and significance level (alpha) of 0.05, from which at least 40 samples were estimated to conduct the investigation. Epoxy resin LY556 in combination with hardener HY951 has been implemented, resulting in the introduction of innovative MWCNT nanoparticles acting as filler that represents a novel experimental set. It was shown in experimental data that the hold-time for composites with and without filler varied conspicuously; the filler was demonstrated by the p-value of 0.000 (significance at p<0.05). The most important figure of all is the 2% of the MWCNT filling in the NGK laminate that appears to be of utmost importance as the addition of MWCNT nanoparticles is believed to increase the punch power of the NGK fibre laminate composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prime aim in this work is to compare material removal rate (MRR) during CNC drilling of innovative hybrid epoxy composites reinforced with natural fiber (10%) and nano carbon particles (5%) to plain epoxy.: The hand-layup technique was used to create the samples for both groups. The samples were prepared according to specifications, and drilling operation was performed in a CNC (vertical) machine with a pretest g power of 80%. The MRR (material removal rate) of the samples was evaluated and compared between the groups by doing twenty experiments (each with one repetition) per group, for a total of 20 experiments per group. To assess the material removal rate, T-independent tests were done using the SPSS statistical software programme. According to the material removal rate data, Group 1 (75 wt%)/ Sustainable Ramie fiber (10 wt%)/ nano carbon particles (5 wt%) had an average of 0.43511 mm³/sec, while Group 2 (plain epoxy) had an average of 0.15511 mm³/sec. The mean variance of MRR between Group-1 and Group-2 is determined to be different (significant of p=0.00, which is P<0.05) based on results of T-test statistical analysis. There is a significant and statistical difference between the two groups under study. Within the limitations of this study, it is obvious that the addition of reinforcements such as Sustainable Ramie fiber and nano carbon particles has a substantial impact on MRR improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this research is to compare MRR during CNC machining of creative epoxy composites supported by Sustainable natural fiber (Areca) (10%) and nanocarbon particles made of tamarind seeds (5%) to that of plain epoxy. The hand-layup technique was used to create the samples for both groups. The samples were prepared in accordance with the requirements, and the drilling operation was completed on a CNC (vertical) machine. Each group underwent a total of 20 experiments with a pretest of Gpower 80%. The MRR (material removal rate) of the sample was evaluated and contrasted. Using the statistical software SPSS, T-independent tests were run on the material removal rate. The average material removal rate for Group 1 was 0.38540mm3/sec, compared to 0.11860mm3/sec for Group 2. Group 1 consisted of 10% Sustainable fibre, 5% nanocarbon particles, and 85% other materials (plain epoxy). The results of the independent T- test statistical analysis show that there is a difference in the mean variance of MRR between Groups 1 and 2 (significant at p=0.00, or P<0.05). There is a significant difference between the two groups under study. Within the parameters of this study, it is evident that adding reinforcements like areca fibre and nanocarbon particles significantly improves MRR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective is to create and evaluate the surface current distribution of an innovative square1patch reconfigurable1antenna with FR4 substrate1compared to RT/Duroid1substrate surface current distribution for wireless applications. By increasing the sweep frequency in the High-frequency structure simulator environment from 2GHz to 3GHz, an Innovative square patch reconfigurable antenna Innovation on FR4 is being developed. It has been computed how much data was collected using two groups, 161samples, and a total of132 samples. In groups 1 and 2, the surface current distribution is computed using FR4 substrates and PIN diodes, respectively, and RT/Duroid 5880 mm substrates, respectively. In comparison to Innovation FR4 epoxy, the Innovative square patch antenna with RT/Duroid achieves a high maximum surface current distribution of 81.327(A/M) and a high minimum surface current distribution of 0.296(A/M). The significance value obtained is 0.003 (p<0.05). Hence, A statistically significant1difference occurs between the two groups. An RT/Duroid substrate provides superior surface current distribution than an FR4 substrate within the confines of this study. It is validated and simulated using HFSS software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of infrastructure and the increased demand for concrete has resulted in high demand for cement and the depletion of virgin aggregates which harm the environment. Construction materials must prioritize economics, efficient energy use, and environmental preservation to promote sustainable development. Utilizing locally accessible building materials is one of the techniques used in the creation of lightweight concrete since it offers several advantages over normal-weight concrete. This paper aims to study the effect of the suitability of scoria and charcoal as fine and coarse aggregate and to replace the cement with epoxy to produce lightweight concrete. Four series have been used to produce lightweight concrete with mixed proportions of (1:2:4) (epoxy: scoria or charcoal fine: scoria or charcoal coarse) and (1:6) (epoxy: scoria or charcoal coarse) by volume. Compressive strength, bulk density, and water absorption tests have been applied to samples that were cured at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that the compressive strength, bulk density, and water absorption of series 1 (epoxy: scoria fine: scoria coarse) and series 2 (epoxy: scoria coarse) were better than the series 3 (epoxy: charcoal fine: charcoal coarse) and series 4 (epoxy: charcoal coarse). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comfortable and successful socket represents the core purpose of the current work for the lower limb prosthetic, which must be satisfied two items, stiffness and elasticity for duration and damping purposes, respectively. In the present work, demonstrated a novel composite material made mainly from silicon and epoxy, where is the silicon material for damping and epoxy for rigidity. Eight models for a different component of two materials under study are performed. Model 4 of 15% silicon and 85% epoxy is fulfillment the optimum strength and elasticity needed for a succeeding socket. The methodology of the present work is divided into two parts experimental and numerical results. The experimental results, including manufacturing the composite models and the compression test, are done for all models. The numerical results are determined by a virtual simulation of the socket using the AUTODESK INVENTOR PROGRAM. The numerical results proved that model 4 satisfied all requirements from stresses, deformations, strain, and factors of safety which are obtained for the present material and selected traditional materials that were used as socket material in past research. Model 4 provides a superior stiffness in comparison with polypropylene and high-density polyethylene reaching 456 % and 21.8 %, while the softening of the new composite material for the socket is approximately similar to the polypropylene but larger than stiff glass fiber reinforced plastic reached to 317 %. Finally, the major observations that can be demonstrated from the current work are proposing a lighter, stronger, more elastic, and safer socket. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years much research has been going on in Fiber Metal Laminate by the researcher and engineers because of its attractive properties. Along with that lot of Finite Element, Analysis-based studies are also employed to overcome the experimental test difficulty and fabrication of material. This research paper gives a detailed approach to Finite Element Analysis for high-velocity impact tests. The 3/2 stack up sequence of Aluminium 2024 and Basalt fabric is as follows, with the epoxy resin as the binding polymer. The varying parameter for this study is the impact velocity and mass of the indenter. From this study, energy, total displacement, and force are observed as a result. A uniform trend is observed in energy distribution between the various velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite material plays a vital role in engineering material due to its light weight and high strength. Composite material offers the excellent properties compared to its constituent materials. In view of predicting the enhanced mechanical properties, pure kevlar49 and combined with carbon fibers in epoxy matrix, the testing has been carried out and reported. The thickness of the composites is kept at 3mm. 12 layers of pure Kevlar49 is used for preparation of 3mm thickness sheet with epoxy resin. 12 layers of Kevlar 49 and carbon kept alternatively to fabricate 3mm thickness sheet with epoxy resin. Vacuum bag molding method is used for the preparation of the composites, so as to have better compaction and to achieve uniform thickness. Flexural and shear properties of the specimen is predicted using digital flexural testing machine and test results are compared. The ASTM standard is followed for testing. It is predicted that the flexural and shear strength is maximum in longitudinal direction than transverse direction. It is shown that the flexural strength is higher for the hybrid composites whereas the shear strength is maximum in pure kevlar49 composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to know the effect of resin and hardener ratio of epoxy matrix on the manufacture of carbon fiber composite materials using the VARTM printing method on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites and to know the best formulation between resin and hardener used in the VARTM printing methods. This research is an experimental study, with the subject being a carbon fiber composite test sample made using the composition of resin and hardener epoxy matrix ratios that were varied and printed using the VARTM method. The resin and hardener ratios of an epoxy matrix are 60%:40%, 70%:30%, and 80%:20%. Processing and analysis of test data using descriptive statistical methods. The results of this study indicate carbon fiber composites printed by the VARTM method, the 70%:30% ratio, in higher tensile and flexural strengths of 10.8% and 35. 7% respectively, compared to the ratio of 60%:40%, while the 80%:20% resin and hardener ratio, a decrease in tensile and flexural strength respectively by 21% and 45.3% when compared to the 60%:40 % ratio. In addition, the 60%:40% ratio is the lowest density compared to 70%:30% and 80%:20% ratios. Next, the best formulation of resin and hardener ratio to increase the strength of carbon fiber composites printing using the VARTM method is 70%:30%. In contrast, for the density value, the best formulation is 60%:40%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ratio of resin to hardener is an important factor in the strength quality results of composite material. Resin and hardener are an epoxy type of binder matrix applied to carbon fiber. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio between resin and epoxy matrix hardener for carbon fiber composites and performance best of tensile testing. The subject of the study is a composite test sample made of epoxy resin and hardener with carbon fiber with a fixed variable matrix fraction binder of 60% and 40% fiber fraction. The independent variables include the ratio of resin and hardener 50%:50%, 60%:40%, and 70%:30%. The research was conducted at the Department of Materials Laboratory Engineering Faculty of Yogyakarta State University. The tests carried out are tensile testing using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The research produced the best tensile test data for carbon fiber composites with a binder matrix at the ratio of resin and hardener 70%:30% at a peak load of 20,945.33 N, max. stress 329.90 N/mm2, max. 4.66. strain %GL, elastic modulus 7.079.36 MPa, and elongation 6.99 mm. With sample, condition dries perfectly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, analysis of complementary split ring-based resonator (CSRR) structure and a crossed-slot structure are the main emphasis. The conventional patch antenna is designed to operate at 10.8GHz frequency and is tuned to operate at three resonant frequencies at 7.8 GHz (7.64 - 8.1GHz), 10.8 GHz (10.36 - 11.63GHz), and 18GHz (17.28 - 19.17GHz) which can be significantly useful for wireless applications. And the realized gain obtained at 7.8 GHz, 10.8 GHz, and 18GHz using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is 3.17 dB, 6.25 dB, and 7.62 dB. The antenna is designed on a FR4 epoxy dielectric substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6mm, and it is fed using an inset feeding approach. The outcome demonstrates that the size minimization can be accomplished through CSRR inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to examine the mechanical properties of hybrid nanocomposites manufactured through a hand layup process using natural fibers such as hemp and pineapple, synthetic fiber such as glass fiber as reinforcement, and LY556 epoxy with aluminum oxide as a nanofiller. The mechanical characteristics of composites are tested as per the ASTM. The study demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the composites were greatly enhanced by the inclusion of nanofillers. The Tensile, Flexural, and Impact strength were increased respectively, compared to the composites without nanofillers. Moreover, the composites exhibited a good balance of properties, including stiffness, strength, and toughness. According to the experimental study, it was suggested that the developed hybrid nanocomposites have great potential for various structural applications for automotive sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, polymer-based composites materials were prepared by hand-layup method. The composite was made of epoxy as a base material reinforced by jute fiber after processing with acetic acid at a concentration of 5% for one hour, and a second composite, but without treatment for jute fiber. The weight ratio of jute fibers was 30% of the total. Another composite of epoxy was also made as a base material reinforced with jute fibers and wool fibers after treating both types of fibers with acetic acid at a concentration of 5% for a full hour and another combination of the same fibers hybridization but without treatment. The weight fraction of jute fibers was 15% and 15% for wool fibers of the total weight of the composite. Various mechanical tests were conducted on it, namely hardness, bending strength, impact resistance, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) of impact test samples in order to examine the broken surfaces of those samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]