Search

A tensile strength comparison of hybrid composites based on vinyl ester, using jute fibre and a new Garnet filler, is the goal of this project. Research Tools and Procedures: Group 1 consisted of the hybrid composite jute fibre, whereas Group 2 was made up of the Novel Garnet-filled vinylester. There are a total of two groups in this research: one that serves as a control and uses Cobalt napthenite, and another that serves as an experimental group and uses manufactured composite plates. There were a total of 40 samples used in this investigation, with 20 samples from each group. Using SPSS, we determined the G power to be 80%. Conclusion: This study compares and contrasts the tensile strengths of jute fibre with a new Garnet filler that was tested in a controlled environment. The flexural strength of the vinyl ester based on new Garnet filler in the proposed hybrid composite is 35 and the tensile strength is 40. Differences that are statistically significant (P :0.003:<0.05) are shown by these results. The two groups differ significantly from one another. Findings: The chosen material possesses a high tensile strength, and this hybrid composite process outperforms the existing methodology, as proven in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impacts of the Abrasive Water Jet Drilling method on innovative hybrid composites that are composed of Al6063, SiC, and Al2O3, and to compare these composites to Al6063 alloy in terms of surface roughness. The Constituents and the Methods involved: The hybrid MMC is often made up of both matrix materials and reinforcing materials. This is a practise that is rather popular. It was decided that Al-6063 would serve as the material for the matrix composition. For the purpose of this experiment, the Stir casting AWJD technique was utilised in order to cast reinforcing elements such as SiC and Al2O3. For the purpose of carrying out the statistical analysis, the application which is known as SPSS was utilised. An examination of the statistical data was carried out. Twenty different experiments and twenty different sample specimens made up the control group. On the other hand, the experimental group included twenty sample specimens of Al6063, five percent SiC, and five percent Al2O3. For each set, the sample size is calculated using the predetermined value of P=0.017, and the overall sample size is forty. In this particular procedure, the G Power is eighty percent, and the total number of samples is forty. The results of the study indicate that the surface roughness of the Al6063 alloy is found to be lower than that of the composite material that is composed of Al6063, five percent SiC, and five percent Al2O3, with a volume fraction of five percent Novel SiC,Al2O3. The difference between Al6063 alloy and Al6063 that contains 5 percent SiC and 5 percent Al2O3 has been shown to be statistically significant. This was confirmed by the researchers using statistical analysis. In this study, the results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. This was demonstrated by the P value of 0.000, which is less than the predetermined threshold of 0.05. A correlation that is statistically significant exists between the findings that were produced on Al6063, which is composed of five percent SiC and five percent Al2O3. When contrasted with an Al6063 alloy and Al6063/5 percent SiC/5 percent Al2O3, the surface roughness of the Al6063/5 percent SiC/5 percent Al2O3 material is significantly higher and seems to have significantly increased. The limitations of this inquiry resulted in this conclusion being reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to investigate the surface roughness of hybrid composites that are composed of Al7075, 5 percent B4C, and 2 percent magnesium, and to evaluate the surface roughness of these composites in comparison to that of Al7075 alloy. The Constituents and the Methods involved: Two groups, namely Group 1 (Al7075alloy) and Group 2 (Al7075/5 percent B4C+2 percent Mg Hybrid composites), were subjected to a test. The results of the test were collected and analysed. The experiment was carried out on each of the groups equally. It was with the help of a G power calculator that the computation of the sample size was carried out. A calculation was made to determine the g-power, and the results showed that the pre-test power was eighty percent. Twenty samples were taken from each of the groups in order to fulfil the requirements of the study. When it came to carrying out the statistical analysis, the software application known as SPSS was the one that was utilised. The study came to the conclusion that pure Al7075 had the lowest surface roughness. This conclusion was reached based on the findings of the inquiry. The utilisation of a roughness parameter, such as the root mean square roughness or the average roughness (Ra), is usually utilised in order to fulfil the task of expressing the outcome (Rq). In this study, the results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. This was demonstrated by the P value of 0.000, which is less than the predetermined threshold of 0.05. A comparison will be done between the control group and the experimental group with regard to spindle speed, feed rate, and flatness tolerance precision. This comparison will be made within the confines of this study. In order to acquire a more in-depth comprehension of the qualities of the material, this will be carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When it comes to the structure of the aircraft, the mechanical properties of the composite material that is commonly referred to as fibre metal laminate (FML). In this particular investigation, the GLARE material is made up of aluminium wire mesh rather than aluminium sheet. This was done in order to reduce the impact of delamination onto the material. A comprehensive experimental investigation is being carried out with the primary objective of determining the mechanical properties of the materials in question. In order to prepare the practical test specimens, the hand layup method was utilised as part of the preparation procedure. In order to analyse the mechanical qualities, the following techniques will be utilised: tensile testing, compression testing, impact testing, and hardness testing. Components and actions to be taken: Hand-layup method may be used to make two unique forms of composites: standard glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) and GFRP hybrids. Both of these types of composites are referred to as composites. crossbreed that is commonly referred to as the GABGRP (aluminum mesh-Sugarcane fibre-aluminum mesh-Sugarcane fiber). Two separate types of aluminium, namely foil and wire mesh, have been utilised in the building of this project. Both of these types of aluminium have been utilised. The GABGRP has been made and positioned in order to discover the most appropriate type of aluminium to utilise as structural reinforcement. This was accomplished through the process of material testing. Following the end of the production process, the materials are cut in accordance with the standards that have been established by ASTM. After that, they are subjected to a variety of various mechanical tests, including as tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests. The findings, along with a discussion of them: Through the use of the values of the numerous variables that were gathered as a consequence of the tests that were carried out, the mechanical properties were eventually identified. Interpolation was performed on the data in order to make the process of creating graphs and conducting comparative research trials more straightforward. In conclusion, charts were constructed in order to highlight the impact energy (in Joules) of the hybrids in comparison to the regular GFARP. It is possible to draw the conclusion that the incorporation of banana fibres and aluminium wire mesh into the hybrid composite material leads to an increase in the material's mechanical strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to determine the flexural strength of hybrid composites that are composed of vinyl ester, jute fibre, and a novel garnet filler. The hybrid composites are the subject of this research. The Content and the Process: This technique makes use of two different groupings of resources, which are referred to as group 1 and group 2. Group 2 is made up of new hybrid composites that make use of garnet filler, whereas Group 1 is made up of composites that are based on jute filler technology. For the purpose of this investigation, there are a total of two groups: one that acts as a control and makes use of cobalt napthenite, and another that acts as an experimental group and makes use of produced composite plates. Using SPSS analysis with G power values of 80 percent, it was finally demonstrated that composite materials are environmentally friendly (sustainable). The hand layup method was utilised in the production of a novel vinyl ester composite that included jute fibre and a new garnet filler. The outcomes of a laboratory investigation into the flexural strength increase of the two hybrid composites are used as the basis for our evaluation of the performance of these composites. The hybrid composite that was selected has a flexural strength of 19.6 percent, which comprises jute fibre. On the other hand, the new garnet filler has a flexural strength of 49.55 percent. The results of the study indicate that there are statistically significant differences with two tails (P=0.002: 0.05). There is a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the statistical significance of their differences. The flexural strength of the hybrid composite that has been recommended, which has a novel garnet filler that is ten percent, is significantly higher than that of the materials that are considered to be standard. When compared to the other hybrid composites that were taken into consideration, the one that contains jute fibres has a better flexural strength and is more cost-effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fundamental objective of this research is to enhance the damping factor of new hybrid composites that are composed of carbon fibre reinforced polyester and powdered aluminium oxide. Materials and Methods of Procedure: The procedure of vacuum bagging was utilised in the production of the composites. Two groups were used in this experiment: one acted as a control, and the other was an experimental group constructed of carbon fibre. Each group consists of twenty samples, bringing the total number of samples to forty. When conducting our independent sample test, we make use of a G-power of eighty percent. A total of three levels of parameters were chosen during the process of fabricating composites. These factors included the particle size of the aluminium oxide powder, which was measured in micrometres (µm), as well as the number of carbon fibre layers (no). In order to carry out the estimation needed by ASTM, the specimen was cut into the precise dimensions that were specified. A total of nine separate experimental investigations were conducted using the L9 orthogonal array as their foundation. According to the results, the damping factors of the CF-based composite and the hybrid composite are 0.40NS/m and 0.18NS/m, respectively. This is indicated by a two-tailed significant value of 0.000 (p<0.05), which indicates that the damping factors are significantly different. It is clear that there is a significant difference between the two categories when they are compared. The discovery of a new hybrid composite that is based on aluminium oxide powder has led to the discovery of a damping factor. The damping factor of the hybrid composite was 7.02 percent higher than that of carbon fibre composites, indicating that it performed better than the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fundamental objective of this research is to examine new hybrid polyester composites reinforced with pineapple leaf fibre and zinc oxide powder using dynamic thermal analysis. Procedures and Materials: The vacuum bagging method was utilised to fabricate the composites; the experimental group consisted of pineapple leaf fibre, whereas the control group consisted of zinc oxide powder. There are a total of forty samples, with twenty from each group. An 80% G-power is available from the independent sample test. When designing the composite, three criteria were considered: the particle size of the zinc oxide powder, the absence of layers of pineapple leaf fibre, and the overall quality of the material (nm). For this estimate, the specimen was sliced to the exact dimensions laid out by ASTM. According to the results (p<0.05), the dynamic thermal of the composite is 40.00 percent and that of the unique hybrid composite is 30.01 percent. The results also show a two-tailed significant value of P= 0.003. The two groups that are being considered are very different from one another. A statistically significant two-tailed significance value of 0.002 (p<0.05) was obtained. In conclusion, the suggested dynamic thermal factor of hybrid composites and composites based on zinc oxide powder has been noticed. The hybrid composite outperformed zinc oxide powder in terms of dynamic thermal factors by 7.04%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary purpose of this research is to evaluate the tensile strength of a flax fibre hybrid composite that is made up of vinyl ester and novel biochar made from coconut shells. The Methods and the Materials: For the purposes of this study, the testing sets were divided into two distinct groups. The first group consisted of twenty flax fibre mattes that were loaded with vinyl ester as a control, while the second group was comprised of twenty flax fibre mattes that were loaded with coconut biochar and vinyl ester as an experimental group. In total, forty different samples are taken into consideration. In order to carry out the investigation, we utilised eighty percent of the power that G provides. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the tensile strength of the flax fibre composite that was constructed using vinyl ester reinforcement with filler is greater than that of a vinyl ester reinforced composite that did not contain filler and had a composition that was comparable. In terms of statistical significance, the difference between the two groups is deemed to be significant (p=0.000:p<0.05). According to the findings, it is possible to draw the conclusion that the tensile strength of the composite material is greater when it is filled with biochar made from coconut shells, flax fibre, and vinyl ester as opposed to when it is free of these components. The findings provide evidence that fibre composites are commercially viable over the long run. The composites made from flax fibre exhibit a statistically significant difference when compared to other composites (p=0.000:p<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This inquiry focuses on the moisture absorption properties of a novel coconut shell biochar- and filler-free flax fiber-reinforced vinyl ester biohybrid composite. The composite is a biohybrid. Materials and Methods of Procedure: A total of forty samples were utilised in this investigation of the water absorption capabilities of flax fibre composites. Group 1 was comprised of flax fibre and vinyl ester, and it had a sample size of twenty. Group 2 was comprised of flax fibre, vinyl ester, and coconut shell biochar, and it also had a sample size of twenty. Findings: The experimental examination into flax fibre reinforced composites with filler demonstrates lower minimum values when compared to the findings obtained without the use of filler. In order to determine the sample size for each group, a G-power of eighty percent was utilised. The numbers that are averaged out are 4.3734 and 2.3777 respectively. A change in the water absorption of the flax fibre composite was observed, and this shift was statistically significant (p=0.001). A statisticall y significant distinction may be made between the two groups, which are distinct from one another. According to the findings, flax fibre reinforced vinyl hybrid composites without fillers perform very well in comparison to flax fibre reinforced vinyl ester composites with fillers, which are known to effectively absorb a significant amount of water. The eco-friendliness of the fibre composite is preserved as a result of this. It was found that the flax fibre composite exhibited a change in water absorption that was statistically significant (p=0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparisons and evaluations will be made between sun hemp fibre composite and sun hemp fibre sustainable hybrid composite in order to accomplish the purpose of investigating water absorption in sun hemp fibre composite. Methods and materials are used. Twenty samples were taken from group 1 (sunhemp), which was considered to be the control group, and twenty samples were taken from group 2 (sunhemp/fly ash), which was deemed to be the experimental group. The total number of samples obtained was forty, and they were divided into two groups. Results. It has been determined that they are a hybrid natural product consisting of hybrid fly ash filler and sunhemp fibre. It was determined that the sample size that was specified was computed using the G power of 80 percent, and the analysis was performed with a confidence level of 95 percent. Fiber-reinforced vinyl ester composites have been proposed as an environmentally friendly alternative to pure synthetic fiber-reinforced composites for a wide range of industrial applications. The significance difference between these two groups is 0.000 (p<0.05), indicating that there are statistically significant differences between them. Conclusion. With a mean value of 2.5312g, the innovative fly ash filler sunhemp fibre composite demonstrates a lower level of water absorption compared to the sunhemp fibre composite, which had a mean value of 3.5458g. When considering the tensile strength of sun hemp composite, the significance value is found to be (p<0.05). Specifically, this is due to the fact that the fly ash fillers contribute to the enhancement of the hybrid composites' interfacial adhesion qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the tensile strength of sunhemp fibre composites and sunhempfiber/fly ash based sustainable hybrid composites. The Components and Procedures: There were a total of forty samples that were divided into two groups. Among them, the sunhemp was regarded to be the control group, and the hybrid including sunhemp and fly ash was considered to be the experimental group, with a sample size of twenty. It was determined that the sample size that was specified was computed using the G power of 80 percent, and the analysis was performed with a confidence level of 95 percent. Results: The tensile strength of the hybrid vinyl ester composite that is reinforced with sunhemp and 10 percent novel fly ash filler is 43.2 Mpa, while the tensile strength of the sunhemp fibre reinforced vinyl ester composite is 31.1 Mpa. This indicates that the tensile strength of the hybrid composite is at its highest when compared to the other composites. Furthermore, the significance of 0.000 (p<0.05) indicates that the hybrid composite is statistically significant. The conclusion that can be drawn from the findings is that the novel fly ash filler that is reinforced with sunhemp fibre composite demonstrates a higher tensile strength with a mean value of 2.5312g compared to the sunhemp fibre composite, which has a value of 3.5458g. This difference is statistically significant (p<0.05). Specifically, this is due to the fact that the fly ash fillers contribute to the enhancement of the hybrid composites' interfacial adhesion qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural waste management is a critical environmental concern since burning dry trash after crop utilisation pollutes the air. This study examined the thermal insulation and mechanical properties of a hybrid composite consisting of s-glass fiber, epoxy resin, and sugarcane bagasse waste fiber. By using the guarded hot flow meter and ASTM standards, we assessed the mechanical and thermal insulation properties of the composite specimens. We found that the composite had an average tensile strength of 115.95 MPa and a thermal conductivity of 0.166 W/mK. This material is not suitable for high-temperature applications because of its flammability, but it can be used for home applications such as wall panels and roofing tiles. Sugarcane bagasse can be used to create environmentally friendly, durable materials for a variety of purposes, according to this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite has been the main material that's applied in many forms of industries, such as airplane, aircraft, boats automotive industries even to sport goods. Adhesive joining is one of the methods for joining 2 materials together and has the advantage of lighter weight than welded components or the use of nut and bolt. Adhesive is used in this study where aluminium and GFRP is bonded. Non-heated adhesive and heated adhesive conclude where the heated adhesive is heated under the temperature of 100°C for one and a half hour. The hardness of the heated specimen shows higher value with 58.6 HA than non-heated adhesive with 53.05 HA. Overall, better performance is obtained from the non-heated specimen where the average shear strength of single lap joint adhesive is 11.4 Mpa and 6.0 Mpa for the heated adhesive. The double lap joint adhesive for the non-heated specimen also performs better in terms of shear stress with the average of 13.1 Mpa and 11.4 Mpa for the heated adhesive. The failure mostly is cohesive failure, but double lap joint specimen shows an unusual behaviour and graph because the adhesives alternately broke on their top and bottom surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of composite has spread in every industrial line. Composite is a solution to the demand for material with superior characteristics. One of the most needed characteristics is burning resistance. Extensive composite application encourages continuous innovation, including in terms of the use of natural fibers as a reinforcement. Research related to natural fibers is needed as an alternative to giving birth to environmentally friendly and economical composite. One of the natural fibers that can be utilized is bamboo fiber. Plants with very high growth rates are expected to be a sustainable alternative. The purpose of this study is to manufacture and test the burn resistance and mechanical property of the glass plate/bamboo fiber reinforced composite. There are 3 types of plates that will be manufactured, namely epoxy plates, glass fiber reinforced composite, and glass/bamboo fiber reinforced composite. glass fiber reinforced composite is manufactured with 4 glass fiber layers. Hybrid composites are manufactured with layers in the form of 2 glass fiber layers, bamboo layers, and 2 glass fiber layers in sequence. The GFRP and hybrid composites manufacturing method is by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding. The treatment of the 3 types of plates is burning with a duration of 15, 30, 45, and 60 seconds. The burnt results will be cut and tested according to ASTM D790. The results of the burn and bending tests show that the glass plate/bamboo fiber reinforced composite shows the highest burn resistance and the smallest decrease in bending power due to burnt treatment compared to the other 2 types of plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is based on assessing the flexural behaviour of three novel hybrid composites: carbon fibre reinforced chromium alloy composite, kevlar fibre reinforced chromium alloy composite, and glass fibre reinforced chromium alloy composite. In the control group, epoxy polymer chromium alloy composite was fabricated and then compared with Epoxy- Chromium alloy laminate. Composites utilised in this research includes a novel hybrid composite that comprises three experimental groups and one control group. There were 20 samples from each group and a total sample size of 80 taken according to ASTM standard of flexural testing on composites from each experimental group and control group. From this study flexural strength of hybrid composite groups are greater than that of Epoxy-laminate composite (EpCr). Flexural strength of carbon fibre composite (CfCr) is 47.8175 MPa, Kevlar fibre composite (KfCr) is 56.6560 MPa, glass fibre composite (GfCr) is 34.9830 MPa, and epoxy-Cr composite (EpCr) is 27.8054 MPa with a significance value of 0.001. In which carbon fibre reinforced with chromium alloy composite has the highest flexural strength. From various evaluations and statistical analysis within reach of this study, it was concluded that Flexural behaviour of Hybrid Chromium alloy composite was found to be higher than that of flexural behaviour of epoxy laminate composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is based on the testing and comparison of tensile behaviors of novel hybrid composite reinforced with chromium alloy composite and epoxy polymer composite reinforced with chromium alloy. The materials involved in this study were Three groups of hybrid composites and one control group which are compared in this study for comparing their tensile properties in this particular composite, synthetic fibres such as carbon fibre, kevlar fibre, and glass fibre forms outer surface. The middle layer comprises chromium alloy metal of grade CrNi60WTi. The carbon fibre reinforced chromium alloy composite is denoted as CpCr. Glass fibre reinforced chromium alloy composite is denoted as GfCr and control group consists of epoxy- chromium alloy laminate which is denoted as EpCr. The sample size per group was taken as 20 and total sample size was 80, And they were machined according to the ASTM standards of composite machining using an abrasive jet machining process. The values of tables and respective analysis were collected and compared with each other and it was found that the tensile strength of Cpcr was found to be 113.8100 MPa, tensile strength of KfCr was found to be 74.0210 MPa, tensile strength of GfCr was found to be 51.9230 MPa and tensile strength of control group EpCr was 48.9515 MPa in which four composite groups' significance value of 0.001(P<0.05) was observed. Within the limits of this study, it was found that the tensile strength of CfCr was greater than that of EpCr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the present research is to improve the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of angora fiber and nano filler-based hybrid composites at low temperatures. Materials and Methods: In the present work, angora fiber is considered a control group and Titanium Oxide nanofiller an intervention or experimental group. The study includes 40 distinct samples. Among these 20 specimens, one was considered an experimental group, while the remaining 20 were considered a control group. The independent group test is performed with 80% of G power. The composite specimens were tested as per the standard ASTM requirements. Results: The results reveal that a concentration of 4.5 wt.% nano- Titanium Oxide particles have a substantial influence on the hardness of nanomaterials. The interlaminar shear behavior of natural fiber-based polymers and hybrid laminates is 28.27 MPa and 37.89 MPa, correspondingly, with a two tailed significant value of 0.005 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The addition of 4.5 wt% nanoscale Titanium Oxide to angora composites improves the new composite's strength significantly. As a result, the fraction of nano Titanium Oxide particles in biocomposites is crucial in determining the mechanical properties of the composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impressive characteristics of hybrid composites with aluminium as base metal includes superior strength, good resistance to corrosion, have resulted in their increasing popularity in various applications. These composites find widespread use in fabrication of the Scuba tanks, Yachts, Bicycle frames and Aluminium cans. that undergone friction welding and then the heat treatment. Through the use /SiC/Graphite hybrid composites of salt spray and the purpose this study is to investigate the corrosion behaviour of AA6061potentiodynamic polarisation techniques, the experimentally determined corrosion rates of various weld joints, including as-welded (AW), solution-treated (ST), solution-treated and aged (STA), and artificially aged (AA) joints, were examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the Al 7075 Alloy with the hybrid composites made of Al 7075/5%B4C+2%Mg in terms of machining time. Group 2 (Al7075/5%B4C+2%Mg Hybrid Composites) and Group 1 (Al 7075 Alloy) took part in the experiment. Pre-test power is 80%, and the sample size was determined with the use of a G-power calculator. For analysis, twenty samples were taken from each group. For the statistical analysis, the SPSS software package was used. This research determines the machining time based on the shape of the tool, feed rate, cutting speed, and workpiece material. Drawing conclusions from the data, it was determined that machining time of AA 7075 MMC is maximum at the same process parameter because of casting voids. Initial weight of workpiece (gm) - Final weight of workpiece (gm) yields the machining time. According to these findings, there was a statistically significant difference (P value=0.000, p < 0.05) between the two groups. Within the parameters of the investigation, the casting voids led to the AA 7075 MMC's machining time reaching its maximum at the same process parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processing and morphological examination of copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures under varied concentrations and processing temperatures were explored in this research. A two-step seed-assisted hydrothermal approach was used to fabricate CuO nanostructures embedded in the surface of plain-woven carbon fiber fabric (WCF), with seeding followed by growth treatments with controlled chemical precursors. Three major factors are taken in the experimentation such as seed cycles, growth solution, and hydrothermal duration. By adjusting the CuO molar concentrations and controlling the growth temperature in the hydrothermal processing for different set of durations, several nanostructure morphologies of CuO such as petal-like, cuboid-like, buds-like nanorods, and nanoflakes were formed. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectra were used to evaluate diverse morphologies and their elemental compositions. It was discovered that the length of the growth treatment and the number of seeding treatments had a significant impact on the growth of nanostructures. The notion of growing CuO nanostructures directly onto WCF to increase the interfacial parameter of plain carbon fiber polymer composites was proposed in this study, which is a better strategy for secondary reinforcement than adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the matrix. For the construction of laminated hybrid composites using the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process (VARTM), Epoxy resin was utilized as the matrix material, which was reinforced with generated CuO nanostructures on WCF. The contact surface area between the molecules of the carbon fibers increases due to bonding of nanostructures at the interfaces thus, the load transmission will also increase. This may be responsible for the enhancement in the strength and delamination property of the resulting composite material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most typically used material is aluminum metal matrix composites due to their low density, enhanced strength, resistance to corrosion, light weight, and thermal conductivity. A unique class of metal matrix composites termed aluminum hybrid composites may be able to meet the needs of increasingly sophisticated technical applications. The improved mechanical properties, ease of integration with conventional processing techniques, and potential for reduced production costs of hybrid aluminum composites meet these needs. The performance of these materials mostly depends on selecting the right combination of reinforcing material because numerous manufacturing parameters are linked to the reinforcing particles. This study will evaluate the many combinations of reinforcing materials used in the manufacturing of hybrid aluminum matrix composites in order to gain a better understanding of how those combinations affect the mechanical, corrosion, and wear properties of the materials. A synopsis of the primary techniques for producing these materials is given, along with suggestions for future lines of inquiry to improve aluminum hybrid composites. To examine how reinforcements affected the composite samples' dry sliding wear behavior, microstructure, and mechanical features. SEM was used to analyze the microstructural properties and worn surfaces of the composite samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Body armor is a material to protect the body from injury from various kinds of high-velocity projectile in combat or other dangerous situations. Researchers explored new body armor technology due to the invention of new firearms. This research targeted to create and investigate the hybrid composite under ballistic impact experimentally and theoretically. Multilayered armors made of Al2O3 ceramic/ UHMWPE woven fabric reinforced epoxy/steel were developed. Ceramic (Al2O3) is the first protection line against bullets. UHMWPE reinforced epoxy represents the intermediate composite. Steel was used for the back layer. Armor with of 900 cm2 area was shot with a 9 mm full metal jacket FMJ bullet at 5 m distance and a velocity of 310 m/s. Ansys (Autodyn 3D) were used to create a simulation of the ballistic test. The behavior of specimens was assessed using an integrated methodological approach involving experimentation and simulation. The armor stopped the 9mm FMJ bullet without perforation. According to the finding, fiber-reinforced epoxy and the ceramic layer absorbed higher energy, but the steel layer absorbed less energy. Analysis by Ansys Autodyn is to compare the level of distortion predicted by the software with data from experiments that revealed similar deformations with good agreement. Internal energy that absorbed by Al2O3 was (65%), UHMWPE woven fabric was (26%), and steel was (1%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to studying the effect of adding different weight ratios of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles powder on the mechanical properties of Al6061. Composite materials containing different proportions of TiO2:SiO2 (0.1, 0.3, 0.5)wt% were poured by the stirring method. The microstructure and phases are achieved through optical microscopy, SEM, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that a large degree of homogeneity was obtained in the distribution of the addition of nanoparticles in the microstructure of the base alloys. The mechanical properties tests were carried out by tensile and hardness. The final tensile strength and yield strength were increased slightly until reached a maximum value of 151.12 Mpa and yield strength of 74.72 Mpa and show a decrease in elongation to 29.85. The hardness test results showed that the hybrid composite containing 0.5 wt% of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles had a higher hardness of 87.08 compering with the single and dual reinforcement of other nanocomposites and base Al 6061 alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminium-based Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) have received increasing attention in recent decades as new generation engineering materials. The introduction of two or more reinforcements into a metal matrix produces hybrid composite material that results in an attractive combination of mechanical properties and tribological characteristics which cannot be obtained by single reinforcement. This makes them attractive for wider range of applications in automotive, aerospace and defense industries. These materials have desirable qualities such as high strength to weight ratio, high toughness and low value of coefficient of thermal stability, wear rate etc. This paper presents critical review on Mechanical Properties and Tribological Characteristics of Aluminium Hybrid MMCs. It has been notified that aluminium metal matrix composites with multiple reinforcement showing improved mechanical properties and tribological characteristics. The addition of silicon carbide increases the hardness, strength of Al Hybrid MMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technique of micro-exfoliation has gained prominence as a highly effective and adaptable method for exploiting two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), Borophene, Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), among others. This paper presents an analysis of optical images and the micro exfoliation technique, focusing on the application to MoS2 and graphene. Additionally, the study investigates the exfoliated sheet of graphene, MoS2, and their hybrid on a (111) crystal plane of silicon wafer. The micro-exfoliation technique employed for MoS2 involves a mechanical process that gently disentangles the layers of MoS2 from the larger crystal structure, resulting in the formation of ultrathin two-dimensional nanosheets. This paper comprehensively analyses the exfoliation processes' mechanisms, emphasizing the intricate relationship between van der Waals forces, interlayer bonding, and external forces. The micro-mechanical exfoliation, a fundamental technique, entails the utilization of adhesive scotch tape to remove monolayers from a large MoS2 crystal delicately. The integration of MoS2 into various applications such as electronics, optoelectronics, sensors, and energy storage devices has been driven by its exceptional properties, including its distinctive electronic, optical, and mechanical characteristics. Furthermore, the ability to adjust the bandgap of MoS2 has created novel opportunities for potential applications in the field of semiconductors. This paper provides a succinct summary of recent studies, that have concentrated on the optical characterization of MoS2 monolayers. Optical and Raman spectroscopy was employed to characterize the 2D sheets of MoS2 and its hybrid materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to studying the effect of adding different weight ratios of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles powder on the mechanical properties of Al6061. Composite materials containing different proportions of TiO2:SiO2 (0.1, 0.3, 0.5)wt% were poured by the stirring method. The microstructure and phases are achieved through optical microscopy, SEM, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that a large degree of homogeneity was obtained in the distribution of the addition of nanoparticles in the microstructure of the base alloys. The mechanical properties tests were carried out by tensile and hardness. The final tensile strength and yield strength were increased slightly until reached a maximum value of 151.12 Mpa and yield strength of 74.72 Mpa and show a decrease in elongation to 29.85. The hardness test results showed that the hybrid composite containing 0.5 wt% of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles had a higher hardness of 87.08 compering with the single and dual reinforcement of other nanocomposites and base Al 6061 alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite material plays a vital role in engineering material due to its light weight and high strength. Composite material offers the excellent properties compared to its constituent materials. In view of predicting the enhanced mechanical properties, pure kevlar49 and combined with carbon fibers in epoxy matrix, the testing has been carried out and reported. The thickness of the composites is kept at 3mm. 12 layers of pure Kevlar49 is used for preparation of 3mm thickness sheet with epoxy resin. 12 layers of Kevlar 49 and carbon kept alternatively to fabricate 3mm thickness sheet with epoxy resin. Vacuum bag molding method is used for the preparation of the composites, so as to have better compaction and to achieve uniform thickness. Flexural and shear properties of the specimen is predicted using digital flexural testing machine and test results are compared. The ASTM standard is followed for testing. It is predicted that the flexural and shear strength is maximum in longitudinal direction than transverse direction. It is shown that the flexural strength is higher for the hybrid composites whereas the shear strength is maximum in pure kevlar49 composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite materials are considered in engineering applications for its light weight and high strength. The desired properties are achieved in composite materials by properly selecting matrix and reinforcing elements. In the proposed study, the complete analysis of composite fabricated with Kevlar49 fibres of 12 Lamina fabricated by vacuum bag moulding technique for a thickness of 3mm. The Kevlar49 fibers are aligned by Bi-directional method, (0° and 90° angle). Similarly, the hybrid composite of kevlar49/glass are prepared in a same method. Kevlar49 fibres are 6 lamina and glass fibres are 6 laminae. These composites are prepared in the square plate shape. The Fabrication of the specimens is successfully completed and tensile test has been performed under ASTM standards. The specimens are tested in across and longitudinal direction. The Kevlar49 composite and kevlar49/glass hybrid composite results are compared and discussed in this work. The results show kevlar49 composite is high strength compared Kevlar49/glass hybrid composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wear behavior of Al6351-Gr composites reinforced with B4C, WC, and TiC were investigated in this study. Wear resistance is a critical factor in determining the functionality and durability of materials in different industrial relevance. Hybrid composites were created using a liquid metallurgy technique. The samples were subjected to wear tests using a pin-on-disk apparatus under controlled experimental conditions. Wear performance, friction coefficient, and wear processes were evaluated and compared between the composite materials. According to the result, the addition of B4C, TiC, and WC to the Al6351-Gr composite significantly improved its wear resistance. The examination of the worn surfaces through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) unveiled a diverse range of wear mechanisms, encompassing both adhesive wear and abrasive wear. The reinforced composite samples exhibited reduced wear severity and extent compared to the unreinforced material, confirming the improvement in their wear resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expanding demand for sustainable, environmentally safe, weightless, and robust materials and aviation sector designs inspired this study. Evaluation of damage-related capabilities and rates of failure of hybrid composite laminates during impact tests at low velocity is presented in this work as reinforcements for the composite laminates, a hybrid composite comprised of woven glass and basalt fabric that has been impregnated with graphene and seashell nanofillers. The design and composites manufacturing, testing of low-velocity events, nondestructive ultrasonic techniques for assessing damaged composite laminates, and a scanning electron microscope analysis of damage morphology are explained in detail and susceptible to impact during normal maintenance tasks and during operation. The present paper describes experiments performed to determine the way hybrid composites (glass with sustainable seashell filler, and glass/basalt with graphene nanoparticle) respond to low-energy drop weight impact. Hand layup, infusion, and compression molding techniques are utilized to prepare composite. To measure the spread of degradation to the composite at 3 m/s impact velocities, several impact levels of energy between 5J and 48J are involved. At maximum impact force, damage from impact glass/basalt infused with 2wt% graphene of 2mm thickness is 46% higher than that for Glass fiber with seashell filler. With the infusion method and 2.5mm thickness of glass hybrid composite with seashell, filler showed the best weight to impact resistance compared to other samples investigated in this work as well as in our previous works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite materials have been widely used in aviation, automobile, marine, and civil structures due to their balanced mechanical properties within the fabric plane and great formability. The mechanical dynamic impact strength and vibration are required to get variant mechanical properties substantial for design the mechanical parts of composite structure according to the corresponding application. In this work the hybrid composite materials specimens were made by reinforcing the epoxy matrix with carbon fibers, glass fibers and Nano material AL2O3 with three volume fraction (23%,34%, 57%) and different orientations (0°, 30°, 45°) using the hand lay-up method. The required testing specimens have then been prepared according to (ISO 179 2010 and ASTM-E756) standards respectively. Results have been showed that the maximum impact strength at angle 45° and natural frequency at angle 0° and volume fraction 57%. Also, the addition of 3% wt. of AL2O3 nanoparticles to the hybrid composites that consist of Carbon fibers and glass woven causes an improvement in the dynamic mechanical properties of such material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to studying the effect of adding different weight ratios of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticle powder on the corrosion properties and wear resistance of Al6061 alloy. Composite materials contain different proportions of TiO2:SiO2 (0.1, 0.3, 0.5) poured through by stirring. The microstructure and phases are achieved through optical microscopy, SEM and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that a significant degree of homogeneity was obtained in the distribution of the armature particles in the microstructure of the base alloys. The measurement of the wear rate was performed by the pin on the disc device of both the base alloy and the hybrid composite under applied loads (5, 10, and 15 N) and a sliding velocity of 2.8 m/sec using different times (5, 10 and 15 min). The Wear results showed a reduction in the corrosion rate of 0.5 wt% for both TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles containing composites compared to other composites and the base alloy samples. And it was worth 0.82*10^-8 gm/cm compared to 1.82*10^-8gm/cm in the base alloy. The hardness test results showed that the hybrid composite containing 0.5 wt% of both TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles had higher hardness than other composites and base alloys; the amount of hardness in 0.5%wt hybrid composite became 77.35HV compared to 68.88HV in the base alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper investigates the tensile and impact properties of bamboo-fibreglass/nano CaCO3 modified unsaturated polyester composites. The investigation focused on the lay-up (configuration) of bamboo dan fibreglass, namely FFBBBFF, FBFBFBF, BBFFFBB and BFBFBFB, which F and B are denoted fibreglass and bamboo fibres/UPR composites, respectively. Nano CaCO3 (3 wt%) was added to the unsaturated polyester. It was found that the hybrid composites with fibreglass layers placed at the outer layer (FFBBBFF) improved the tensile and impact properties higher than those of alternating configurations (FBFBFBF). Hybridization with woven fibreglass also gave a higher improvement than random fibreglass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper investigates the tensile properties of the hybrid of bamboo-coconut fibers (coir)/unsaturated polyester composites. Portland cement has been used to modify the unsaturated polyester matrix with the content variations of 0, 10, and 20 wt%. The content of fibers (bamboo and coir) was kept fixed at 30 vol%, with the bamboo to coir content ratio of 0:30, 12:18, 18:12 and 30:0. It was found that for each filler content, the lowest and highest tensile strength was belonged to coir and bamboo composites, respectively. The tensile strength tended to increase with the increase of bamboo content in the hybrid composites. The elastic modulus also followed the trend of the tensile strength, but it reached the optimum at the bamboo content of 18% for the filled hybrid composites. Coir fiber in the hybrid composites increased the elongation at break due to the coir fiber pulled out, while bamboo fiber improved the stiffness. Adding 10 wt% of Portland cement decreased the tensile strength but improved the stiffness of the hybrid composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybridization mechanism was used to support the wood-plastic composite (WPC) in a way that leads to a change in its tribological properties represented by the wear rate (W.R) using the manual casting method. And study the effect of different operating conditions represented in the amount of load applied, the duration of sliding, and the distance of sliding, which has been reinforced with rice husk ≤300 microns with a weight fraction of 25% and carbon fibers with a weight fraction of (0-6)%, then compare the properties of these compounds with the properties of wood composites. Rice husk reinforced plastic only. This study concluded that (WPC) only has a higher (W.R) under different operating conditions than the hybrid (WPC) and carbon fiber. This hybridization mechanism gave distinct tribological properties that cannot be obtained using one type of reinforcement. The study conducted on wood-plastic composite type (Ep/Up 50:50+25%RH) showed that the rate of wear (Wear damage) is affected by the amount of both the applied load and the sliding distance, as well as the duration of operation (putting the sample in the wear device). And that the best wear rate was for the hybrid composite (50Ep+50Up) +25%RH+4%C. F at the weight fraction (4%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are plentiful agricultural waste disposal resources available worldwide from diverse sectors and household consumption resources. Further enormous horticultural waste materials and home food squander materials, for example, coconut shells, groundnut shells, tamarind shells, neem shells, almond shells, etc. The current study intends to investigate the combination of groundnut shell particles (Arachis hypogaea L.) and rice husk (Oryza sativa)/MWCNT partially filled epoxy hybrid polymer composites. Two different variants of the material percentages have been prepared: 75E+25GR and 80E+20GRM (E-Epoxy, G-Groundnut shell, R-Rice Husk, and M-MWCNT). The functional component of the groundnut shell, which is chemically composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, is commonly prosperous and may be suitable in a variety of green engineering applications. Compression strength is particularly important for determining the elongation and maximum deformation of the composite. By using the Durometer, a maximum hardness shore-D value of 76 and maximum tensile strength 2.2 Mpa was demonstrated on the specimen 80E+20GRM. The maximum flexural strength of sample 75E+25GR is 6.2 MPa, the compressive strength is 555 MPa, and the tensile strength is 2.0 MPa, which is almost nearer to the 80E+20GRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compares the innovative hybrid material removal rate of carbon fibre reinforced aluminium mesh composite with coconut Shell powder to drilling. Materials and Methods: This study uses coconut Shell powder to make synthetic fibre aluminium mesh epoxy composites, whereas the control group uses carbon fibre reinforced aluminium mesh (CFAM). In the experimental group, 5 wt. percent (CFAM-CN5) and 10 wt. percent (CFAM-CN10) carbon fibre reinforced aluminium mesh composites with coconut Shell powder composites are used. All these composites are hand-laid. Radial drilling with a 10mm HSS drill bit determined the material removal rate (MRR). Results: The experimental group had a mean material removal rate of 0.197265 g/secCFAM-CN5% and 0.22378 g/sec CFAM-CN10%, whereas the control group CFAM had 0.161855g/sec. The significance value for the experimental and control groups is 0.000, less than 0.05. Conclusion: The addition of coconut Shell powder (CFAMCN) increases the material removal rate of carbon fibre reinforced Aluminum mesh composite, which is more than its MRR (CFAM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is based upon analyzing and comparing impact strength of hybrid composites reinforced with chromium alloy which is compared with Epoxy resin-chromium alloy laminate.material which was investigated in this particular research was three groups of hybrid composites namely, carbon fibre reinforced chromium alloy composite which is denoted as CfCr, kevlar fibre reinforced chromium alloy composite which is denoted as KfCr, glass fibre reinforced chromium alloy composite which is denoted as GfCr. control group composite is an epoxy polymer reinforced chromium alloy which is denoted as EpCr. The metal used here is chromium alloy metal of grade CrNi60Wti. Totally 20 samples were machined and tested for impact strength under selected parameters. The mean impact strength of the CfCr was found to be 13.200 J, the mean impact strength of KfCr was found to be 10.9450 J, the mean impact strength of Gfcr was found to be 7.9150 J and the mean impact strength of the comparative group EpCr was found to be 7.1800 J. The significance value among the four composites was found to be 0.002 (P<0.05). Within scope of this study, it is derived that overall impact strength and absorption energy of hybrid composite is fairly greater than that of conventional epoxy resin-chromium alloy laminate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern times, lower limb amputations have risen in frequency for various reasons, including modern warfare, natural accidents, traffic issues, and diseases. Prostheses are thus often adopted to partially or totally replace a segment of a missing or deficient lower limb, attempting to restore normal functionality and amputee autonomy insofar as possible. However, achieving stable, functional, and comfortable prostheses is a major challenge for the designers and manufacturers of prosthesis sockets. This study thus aimed to develop improvements in terms of the mechanical and physical performance of composite laminates to be used for manufacturing prosthesis sockets. Multiscale hybridisation at both the micro-and macro scales was used to manufacture hybrid composite laminates by means of the vacuum assisted resin infusion method. The response of these materials to compression loading was then investigated using compression-loading testes, while the load-bearing ability was examined using the relevant tensile and flexural strength tests, and heat disputation was studied via thermal conductivity tests. The results showed that hybrid laminate samples such as those made with glass and carbon fabric and those with glass and Kevlar fabric showed improvements in energy absorption, with gains of around 42% and 52% respectively in those materials as compared to non-hybrid laminates (carbon fabrics) during compressive loading tests. In addition, multi-scale hybridisation appears to play a role in improving the tensile strength properties of hybrid composite laminates as compared to composite laminates without hybridisation: the load-bearing capacity of composite laminates across three bending tests was improved by using multi-scale hybridisation, producing peak loads, flexural strengths, and flexural moduli significantly higher than those seen in non-hybrid composites. The results also indicate that hybrid fabrics with thermoplastic particles such as glass and carbon fabrics with filler and glass and Kevlar fabrics with filler showed improvements in thermal conductivity, with those samples showing improvements of around 40% and 30, respectively, as compared to the non-hybrid laminates (carbon fabrics). Thus, these may be successfully used in lower limb prostheses to dissipate heat generated by the wearer during the walking process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to further develop the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of the composite laminates used for manufacturing prosthesis sockets. Various types of hybridisations were thus adopted to manufacture hybrid composite laminates using the vacuum infusion method, and tensile strength tests were then used to investigate the load-bearing ability, while response to impact loading was assessed via impact strength tests. Using various levels of hybridisation, such as the inclusion of glass and carbon fabrics and glass and Kevlar fabrics with fillers, were found to enhance the tensile strength and young's modulus of hybrid composite laminates. In particular, the modulus of elasticity of hybrid composite laminates such as glass and carbon fabrics with fillers and glass and Kevlar with fillers showed improvement in the modulus of elasticity, with increases of around 32% and 17%, respectively, as compared to the same samples without fillers. Further, inclusion of thermoplastic particles in a matrix with various type of fabrics such as glass and Kevlar was found to increase the impact strength and fracture toughness of laminates: glass and carbon fabrics with fillers and glass and Kevlar with fillers showed improvements in fracture toughness of around 13% and 27%, respectively, as compared to the same samples without fillers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was focused on investigating the additive performance added to composite structures is reviewed the flammability and fire retardant. Two layers of woven jute fabric were used as strengthening of composite epoxy. Vacuum injection moulding was applied for its manufacture. In addition, chemical fire inhibitor additive was added in variations of 5%, 10%, and 15% to trigger flammability and fire retardant of the composites. Immersion of fibres was done in an additive added process as time long as 2h. Fire testing was conducted on the burning chamber 5 times repeating for each variation of sample. The results explained that composite epoxy consisting of jute fibres reinforced (JFC) has more flammability than glass fibres reinforced (GFC). Meanwhile, increasing the additive added number improved retardant and reduced their flammability. Furthermore, additives added to the composites reduced effectively the low heating value (LHV), which it is means the emission of composites is safe for the environment. It is concluded that chemical fire inhibitor additives contributed positively to improving and reducing the retardant and flammability of the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparative tests of glass and glass-basalt-plastic samples were carried out and quantitative values of the characteristics of strength, rigidity and durability were obtained. The glass and glass-basalt plastic samples differed in their technological manufacturing parameters, namely: filler nomenclature (samples made of glass fiber and samples made of glass-basalt fiber), winding modes (amount of filler to the total volume of content). The diagnostic results showed that the ratio of loads at which the samples have the same durability indicates the advantage of glass-basalt-plastic samples. This characteristic allows us to judge the load-bearing capacity of the sample. The purpose of this work was to determine the ring stiffness, strength and durability under loading conditions similar to the operation of a geophysical probe in an aggressive environment (temperatures up to 150°C, hydrogen sulfide up to 0.1%, hydrochloric acid up to 10%, cyclic dynamic axial loads, bending moment, high external pressure (up to 100 MPa). As a result of studying the loading process, the following results were obtained: the superiority of the strength characteristics of samples made of glass basalt fiber over samples made of glass was confirmed; the sample loading program has been adjusted to minimize the influence of residual deformations on the maximum force value; a hybrid material – glass-basalt plastic – was proposed as an alternative to glass, capable of maintaining load-bearing characteristics in the aggressive operating conditions of a geophysical probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]