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Background: Basic data on migraine headache characteristics, including frequency and severity, headache-associated impairment, and the intake of pain killer medications, may be influenced by the recording manner of these data. Headache diary can be used for that purpose. This study was done to evaluate if the regular use of headache diary can make a difference for patients with chronic migraine or not. Methods: This study included the patients with chronic migraine with improper headache control, who were coming to neurology outpatient clinic and were asked to record their data using either paper or digital diary. Results: Fifty patients mainly from females were included in our study, showed better compliance and headache control by detection and management of their reported triggers. The most reported triggering factors were stress followed by sleep deprivation. Conclusions: Headache diary regular recording is helpful in better management of headache attacks regarding frequency, duration, and pain intensity in patients with chronic migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mauritanian written press has gone through several stages during its historical journey and has not been isolated from the political situation of the country, but has been subject to its perception of what His Majesty should be, since its appearance during the French colonization of the country, and after the creation of the national state in the sixties of the last century, passing through the period of the military regime before the declaration of political and media pluralism in the country in 1991 and the consequent dilution of the journalistic field, where the door was opened wide to excessive leniency in obtaining a press license, as well as some major obstacles, such as lack of funding, training and harassment of journalists. However, this did not prevent this press from playing at that time the role of watchdog over the executive power by awakening public opinion on the conduct of public affairs and by revealing many hidden social and political problems that the public opinion would not have been aware without the pioneering role of this written press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Articular cartilage is a vital component of the joint, as it is frequently exposed to trauma and is affected by several conditions and diseases such as osteoarthritis and hemophilic arthropathy. Therefore, its evaluation and assessment are crucial. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a critical role in its evaluation. With the recent advances in MRI imaging, multiple techniques and modalities allow both morphological and physiological evaluation of articular cartilage. Morphological methods allow the evaluation of articular cartilage structural integrity, and physiological methods allow the evaluation of chemical changes in its components even prior to degeneration. This aids in the early detection and improved assessment of articular cartilage pathology. Therefore, it permits a more accurate evaluation of patients with articular cartilage issues and defects, allowing for prompt treatment and high better quality of life. This article reviews recent and innovative MRI techniques and sequences for morphological and functional evaluation of the cartilage. Methods: A broad-based internet search, utilizing multiple academic search engines, Google Scholar, and PubMed, using the keywords for title and abstract. We found 17500 results and excluded 1700 papers from the title and abstract. Furthermore, papers emphasizing the imaging of specific peripheral joints without discussing the main techniques were excluded. Finally, our search yielded 15 articles highlighting the most recent imaging and evaluation techniques for articular cartilage. Recent advancements and new MRI techniques aid in elucidating the anatomical and physiological details of articular cartilage, allowing for the early detection and treatment of the articular cartilage. Conclusions: Multiple recent advances and new MRI techniques help better delineate the anatomical and physiological details of the articular cartilage, so early interference and treatment of cartilage defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous changing in house prices very rapid and observed in last years which depends on many factors like position, area, population in the city and another requirement for individual house price, there is a lot of articles studied and adopted traditional ways for machine learning in house price prediction accurately but few of them focused on individual performance for complicated models. To explore effected factors in prediction way in this paper we applied traditional machine learning theory to investigate many models due to many limited we take some of techniques like (random forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting and stacked generalization model) and applied on several models to obtain more accurate results for house price prediction. We take Baghdad as a sample for house price and impact factor on difference cities, services, population, area, building age and others we mentioned in our paper by taking and applying machine learning house price prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of changing the currency was addressed by the ancient jurists according to what the situation was like in their time. This change was simple and did not constitute a serious danger to the economy at that time, due to their reliance in the first place on gold and silver, which were often characterized by stability. Today, however, it has become an issue of change. There is no value Money poses a serious threat to the economy, because banknotes are not characterized by stability, but by change, and this is what makes the problem of changing the value of banknotes difficult. In my research, I talked about the definition of money, its importance, types and functions, and the change in the value of money and its impact on repaying debt in the light of Hanafi jurisprudence and Afghan civil law, using the deductive approach, by collecting the opinions of Hanafi jurists regarding issues of changing money. According to jurists, there are two types of money: natural money and legal money, and the forms of money change according to political and economic facts and events, including commodity money, paper money, and bank money. The importance of money is highlighted through the number of functions it performs to facilitate transactions between individuals, and perhaps one of its most important functions is that it is a measure A For value, this function requires money to have a degree of constancy and stability. Also, changing the currency and its invalidation by the state has effects on obligations and debts that require treatment, so this issue needs to be investigated. Through this research, I have come to the conclusion that if the loan is of real money, such as gold, silver, or commodities, then it must be returned in kind, no matter how the prices change. However, if the debt is of banknotes, then its value must be paid, even if the value of the currency inflates in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no doubt that social history in general and the history of the oppressed social classes in particular are among the obscure corners in the history of the Islamic West during the Almoravid and Almohad eras, which are evident in the historians' works especially on the royal sultan's history. Its bitterness is even more evident when the dialectical relationship between Sufi men and the general public is meticulously investigated and thoroughly studied as it represents a number of issues that can unveil many other societal issues and problems during that era. In this context, this research paper aims at contributing constructively and soberly in shedding light on some forgotten aspects of the dialectic relationship between these two uncherished, ignored social groups, as a result of a set of societal factors in Morocco and Andalusia during the Almoravid and Almohad eras with more focus on the miserable living conditions of the common people due to the oppressing reign of the Almoravids. The ruling regime pushed the common people to embrace the Sufis in an attempt and hope to escape both the awful social situation and the tyrannical ruling regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the topic of al-muqassah (offsetting) and its forms in Hanafi jurisprudence, in terms of its definition, classification, conditions, and applications. The researcher has defined offsetting linguistically and technically, then classified offsetting in Hanafi jurisprudence into two main categories: lawful offsetting and unlawful offsetting. The lawful offsetting is then subdivided into obligatory and optional. The researcher then mentions the conditions of obligatory offsetting in four conditions, which are: the existence of two reciprocal debts, identical description and genus between the debts, the debts being currently due, and equal strength and weakness between the debts. The researcher then proceeds to list fifteen application cases of offsetting in some contracts and transactions, including: sarf (currency exchange) contract, salam (deferred delivery) contract, borrowing contract, usurpation, guarantee, alimony, and others. In each case the ruling and its reason are explained from a jurisprudential perspective. Finally, the researcher summarizes the main points of agreement and disagreement between the offsetting cases in sarf and salam contracts, pointing out that the cases of obligatory offsetting are similar, while there are differences in some respects such as offsetting on the debt in both contracts and transforming the offsetting to the prior debt. Thus, the article has been able to present a detailed explanation of the subject of offsetting, in terms of concept, rulings and practical applications in Hanafi jurisprudence. The methodology used in the article is the descriptive methodology, also known as the literature review methodology, which is commonly used in writing Islamic academic papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is contains on sum of the mean points related to the social effects of the war on the Libyan society, it takes logical steps to view this case. At the beginning concentrate on the concepts of war generally, then give some information about the war, its properties, programs, indications, which it gives to the families and children which suffering from the destroy of war, throw light on the difficulties of the social life which the members of the community face as a result of war, in this kind of societies with some examples to this problems. In addition, identify the concepts of the cultures war factors and its impact on the level of services which the social institutions give to this countries during the war, finally view the challenges which facing Libya to replace this consequences and begin give the people the development, knowledge, fun in this countries to change the position of retardation from war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper appraises the influence of artificial intelligence AI adoption factors on service quality. Its objective is to classify AI adoption factors following their significance level on the service quality of international hotels in Beirut-Lebanon. The Beirut area was selected due to its international reputation for hosting five-star hotels. The questionnaire was used as a quantitative tool. This tool was distributed to hotel guests onpremises using convenience sampling. 492 valid questionnaires constituted the sample collected from 4 hotels. Results confirmed that perceived trust and usefulness formed a fit model and constituted two critical adoption factors of AI in the hospitality industry. These two dimensions have the highest influence on service quality. The one-way ANOVA has verified the direct influence of interactivity and customization as AI adoption factors except for the ease of use. Hence, hotels should simplify the AI applications to leverage service quality since guests did not perceive any ease of use in hotels' artificial intelligence applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite pelvic fractures in pediatrics are rare, they are potentially life-threatening injuries and may cause significant long-term complications. There are many debates in the literature about the best method for management of fracture pelvis in skeletally immature patients. The aim of this paper is to assess both clinical and radiological outcomes after surgical procedures intervention for unstable displaced fracture pelvis in skeletally immature patients. Methods: The study included 24 skeletally immature patients under 16 years old years with minimum 4 and maximum 14 (Mean± SD) was 8.25±2.86. Regard sex distribution male were 16 patients (66.7%) and females were 8 patients (33.3%) .The most common trauma mechanism was pedestrian injury [11 cases=45.8%] followed by motor vehicle accident [7 cases=29.1%] then crush injury 3 cases=12.5%] and fall from height [3 cases=12.5%] .All patients are classified according to Tile classification were 18 patients having fracture pelvis Tile’s type B [75%] and 6 having Tile’s type C injuries [25%]. Results: The radiological union distribution among studied group was minimum 6 weeks and maximum 10 weeks (Mean± SD) was 6.95±1.04 .Majeed score distribution among studied group was significantly increased. Majeed score was at 3 months 63.0±5.56 at 6 months was 73.66 ± 3.42 and at last follow up 75.25±2.51 (P<0.001). Overall complication distribution among studied group occurred in 7 patients (29.2%). Two cases had wound dehiscence, 3 cases had pin track infection and 2 cases had neurological impairment. Complicated cases significantly longer in union and lower in Majeed score. Conclusions: The surgical treatment for unstable pelvic fractures in skeletally immature patients gives us valuable results so we could recommend this option for management in these difficult cases to improve the long-term results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the role of religious wars in the disintegration of the theocratic state that governed European societies during the Middle Ages and culminated with the French Revolution in 1789. To address this topic, the paper focuses on two main aspects: the first being a historical examination that maps out the religious wars geographically and chronologically across the European continent. The second aspect is analytical, aiming to understand the underlying motivations that fueled these wars. Additionally, this paper contributes to highlighting the ongoing debate among European and Western historians in general regarding the role of religion in these wars. Some argue that religion was at the heart of the devastating events that took place in Europe and consider religious factors as the primary catalyst, while others view them as secular conflicts and downplay the role of religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a relevant technology for realizing the primary goals of nextgeneration wireless networks, such as high connectivity and stability. This paper focuses on the foundational principles of Power Domain NOMA (PD-NOMA), a promising technique for meeting the needs of fifth Generation (5G) in real-world applications. PD-NOMA offers flexibility in allocating radio resources to enhance user access performance. By enabling several users to utilize the same radio resources, PD-NOMA achieves improved spectrum efficiency. This paper considers the practical aspects of PD-NOMA system design, exploring various network scenarios. This paper primarily focuses on PD-NOMA that uses the superposition coding (SC) at the transmitter side in addition to the successive interference cancellation (SIC) at the receiver side. The paper also provides a theoretical formulation and solutions for downlink PD-NOMA and addresses potential areas for future research. Finally, the paper concludes by summarizing the key findings and implications of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper is a review of some transformation techniques of partial differential equations (PDEs) using similarity techniques which have the ability to reduce the number of independent variables to be a single variable resulting in a simpler ordinary differential equation (ODEs). These techniques have the benefit to obtain some completely new solutions. The paper introduces a summary and literature review for method of characteristic lines, Bäcklund transformations, Cole-Hopf Transformation, Lie infinitesimals, Non-classical symmetry method, Potential Symmetry, direct methods and characteristic function method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is the base of the human's thought, and the expression of the extent of his development, through which he perceives his surroundings, and without it he cannot communicate with others, and as much as it grows, he elevates it. And because man is a being who always searches for development in all areas of his life, he had to consider developing his language, which has a lot of credit for him. The research paper presented by the researcher under the title "The morphological analyzer to extract the verbs of saying and their connotations" aims to extract the verbs of saying and their connotations from the Arabic texts, which will be used later in determining the morphological and grammatical structure of the Arabic sentence. The work in this research is to create algorithms that detect verbal verbs and determine their roots or conjugations with their associated antecedents, suffixes, and semantics. The semantic here comes to the verb according to the context of the sentence, and the researcher used the programming language (C#.net) within the program (Visual Studio) to create the aforementioned semantic morphological parser. The way this parser works is based on performing a complete scanning of the text after writing it in the special box or entering a file in one of the formats (Word, Pdf, txt), taking into account that every word present in the different formats is a verb of "saying" until the opposite is proven, and it matches it with the roots of verbs and their conjugation in the three tenses (past, present, and imperative) stored in a database connected to the program. Language is the base of the human's thought, and the expression of the extent of his development, through which he perceives his surroundings, and without it he cannot communicate with others, and as much as it grows, he elevates it. And because man is a being who always searches for development in all areas of his life, he had to consider developing his language, which has a lot of credit for him. The research paper presented by the researcher under the title "The morphological analyzer to extract the verbs of saying and their connotations" aims to extract the verbs of saying and their connotations from the Arabic texts, which will be used later in determining the morphological and grammatical structure of the Arabic sentence. The work in this research is to create algorithms that detect verbal verbs and determine their roots or conjugations with their associated antecedents, suffixes, and semantics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the legal concept of joint public property within Islamic jurisprudence. The paper aims to elucidate the nature of this form of property and its relationship with other types of ownership. Additionally, the article seeks to underscore the significance of joint public property in promoting equity in the utilization of lawful resources, safeguarding the rights of individuals, and advancing the common welfare. Moreover, the paper scrutinizes the various categories of permissible items in Sharia law and the divergent views of jurists regarding them, supported by evidentiary sources. Finally, the article conducts a thorough analysis and comparison of these opinions to arrive at the most accurate interpretation of Sharia standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper analyzes the political regimes in the Arab world since independence and their legitimacy. It examines three styles of government: hereditary, republican, and military. Hereditary regimes pass power within ruling families based on historical or religious legitimacy. Republican regimes derive legitimacy from political pluralism and elections. Military regimes come to power through coups or revolutions and justify their rule by restoring order and stability. The paper explores how these regimes establish and maintain legitimacy, their challenges and limitations, and their impact on political outcomes. The research provides valuable insights into the dynamics of political regimes in the Arab world and their implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study a group of complicated articles in the principles of Islamic jurisprudence that Taqi al-Din Ibn Taymiyyah dealt with and directed, after reviewing his work thoroughly, the selection fell on four articles, which are: Al-Samaniyah’s article on limiting the perceptions of knowledge to the senses, the article of the majority of the scholars of the principles of Islamic Jurisprudence on the scarcity of the overall memorized text, the article of Al-Shāfiʿī and Ahmad regarding the negation of abrogation of the Qur’an for the Sunnah, And Al-ʿAnbari’s article on correcting every Mujtahid (the one giving an independent reasoning). The paper dealt in each article with three issues: its origin, the point of its complication, and Ibn Taymiyyah’s treatment of it. In studying the articles presented, the researcher adopted the critical analytical approach. This paper concluded that: the distinction of al-Taimi’s work due to the wide reading of articles, and a thorough critic in dealing with the articles at the level of authenticating, reviewing and directing, addressing the complicated issues that the scholars are less exposed to, with the investigation of Ibn Taymiyyah's directives to these articles. The study recommended careful reviewing of articles in this field, investigating their issues, and treating them according to the correct approach, giving observations and correcting them according to contemporary studies, and urging for extensive writing in this field according to Ibn Taymiyyah and other critics of the scholars of this discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of demonstrating the connection between the image and imagination and its cultural connotations, this research paper revolved around a complex research problem that hinged upon two hypotheses. The first investigated the role of imagination in providing knowledge while the second explored the possibility of yielding cultural knowledge to fictional experiments. In order to confirm the first one, we examined the concept of imagination through different cultural strands that ascertained the fact that it was more than mere shapes decorating a painting. It was rather another insight to unveil the invisible side of the world. We tried to affirm the second hypothesis through exploring the existing cultural tools in artworks. The research findings showed that when the artist abstained from the figurative image, he ventured an unfamiliar world to offer an artistic lesson. This later called for other knowledge areas to analyze, interpret and infer the conceptual connotations of artworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy resources (RES) have become multiple, which made the world interested in developing them because of their continuity, relieving pressure on fossil fuels, as well as the environmental impact. Using RERs will lessen reliance on conventional fossil fuel-based electrical power generation and is more ecologically friendly and eternally sustainable. In this paper, modelling of several renewable energy resources (RERs) including photovoltaic solar (PV), wind, hydro power, geothermal, biofuel, and battery power storage is presented. Modeling of these sources is very important because of their impact on the smart grid and because of their variable nature and different from the components of the traditional electrical network. For battery, the battery storage is very important because many RERs are not fixed in the amount of power generation or they are not sufficient for the loads. For hydro power, Water flows at different rates, small hydropower generators operate at different speeds. For geothermal, geothermal thermal energy includes drawing steam or warm water from wells buried kilometers under the surface of the Earth which is constantly changing. Burning a variety of biomass fuels, which after combustion are transformed into various kinds of energy, can provide sustainable biomass energy that is also unstable. This paper discusses the modelling of all of these resources as well as their benefits and drawbacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undoubtedly, light is a key element for human beings to adapt to their environment and to see the form, the color, and the perspectives of different objects in their immediate surroundings. Almost 80 percent of the information we obtain daily through our senses we obtain through sight. The correct design of the illumination system and building facades should offer optimal conditions for visual comfort. To achieve this aim, a collaboration between architects, lighting designers, and engineers should be established to improve citizens’ quality of life. This paper sought to bridge this knowledge by finding the link between daylighting, the building façades, and visual comfort. Accordingly, the paper conducts a theoretical review to evaluate the existing studies in an attempt to present this linkage focusing on kinetic façades. Then, an analytical review is conducted for 38 eligible records, that are extracted from different scholarly databases to find the assessment methods and tools used to determine the most favorable conditions of daylight for intelligent facades. Ultimately, the outcomes of the research will provide insights for further studies, in addition to that these connections can inform policy development to assist architects to design effective facades and more adaptive capabilities designed for the building envelope. Kinetic facades were found to provide visual comfort in addition to various productivity, economic, and environmental benefits, which in turn enhance the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we apply the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) for solving Fractional Differential Equations (FDEs) with some modifications to the traditional method. The aim of this paper is to make ADM more efficient, rapid in convergence, and easy to use, so we will discuss two modifications. We use the reliable modification to simplify calculations. For difficulties in symbolic integration, we use a numerical implementation method. All these modifications were applied to the integer-order case, so we would apply it to FDEs. Some numerical results are given from solving these cases and comparing the solution with the ADM method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft clay soils are in many coastal areas, these soils generally have high compressibility and don't provide required bearing capacity. Various techniques are used to improve these soils. The stone column technique has been successfully applied for the ground improvement. A stone columns technique is one of the soil stabilization methods that is used to increase strength, decrease the compressibility of soft and loose fine graded soils, accelerate a consolidation effect, and reduce the liquefaction potential of soils. They are mainly used for stabilization soft soil such as soft clays, silts, and silty sand. Several research has been conducted on the behavior and performance of stone columns with various materials utilized as column filler replacing the normal aggregate. This paper will review extensively on previously conducted research on some of the materials used as stone column backfill materials, its suitability, and the effectiveness as a substitute for regular aggregates in soft soil improvement works. This paper also discusses the techniques and methods of construction of stone columns. The bearing capacity of stone columns, and a combination of both methods in reinforced and unreinforced modes are presented using scaled physical models. The effect of various diameters with various depths in ground also reviewed. Results show that using stone column improves bearing capacity of soft soils and decreasing settlement. Using geotextile as stonecolumn encasement increases the efficiency of stone columns significantly. Finally, some guidance and recommendations are provided on parameter selection for the study of stone columns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deck bridges with encased steel beams are commonly used for short-spans bridge structures. This type of bridge structures minimizes steel consumption without significantly affecting the overall resistance of the structure [1 and 2]. The paper presents basic information and partial results from experimental research on composite steelconcrete deck bridges with different types of encased steel beams. The paper also provides an overview about the experimental program, the production process of the tested members, an explanation of the applied load and the measurement of monitored strains and deflections of the tested members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Did the literary figures of classical Arabic literature participate in the theoretical discourse on translation? Can we find their theoretical insights in their encyclopedic works which enriched the Arabic library during the golden period of translation and Arab-Islamic culture? A sufficient corpus of research can be found on the phenomenon of translation along with its various aspects, but the theoretical side of the translation history rarely been discovered by the researcher working in the field of cultural history of Arabia. From this perspective, the paper aspires to shed light on the classical Arab thought on translation and explore its nature briefly. In order to achieve this purpose, this paper explores key themes of debate that originate among the translators and thinkers of this age. Among these themes include nature and purposes of translation, role of source and target language, types of translation: word to word and sense to sense, qualities of the translator among others. By presenting some of these theoretical reflections on translation, the researcher tries to put through a clear picture of classical Arab thought on translation. The importance of such research lies in the fact that they enable us to understand the intellectual progress on the subject and highlight the points of departure from those found in other cultural traditions of translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Judgment of consensus denial is a critical fundamentalist research. " Who denied the consensus is nonbeliever" is a phrase widespread between scholars and jurists where is the one who agreed, others were opposed, others elaborated on it, and there were who hesitated and worried. For that concern, this research paper studies the judgment of consensus denial to obtain a result . The research paper presents a brief introduction, outlining the meaning of the consensus, its authenticity, and whether it was indicative or subjunctive connotation. In addition, it presents the elements of consensus, conditions, sections, and types. The paper displays the judgment of consensus denial whether the denial is based on its authenticity or judgment and whether that consensus is indicative or subjunctive. It displays the sayings of the fundamentalists of the four religious’ schools of Islamic jurisprudence in this, as well as with the examples thereof . The research concluded that consensus is either indicative or subjunctive. The subjunctive consensus, there is hardly one who rejected its denier. As for indicative consensus was vary, there was a consensus that it is a necessity, and those who denied the consensus are nonbelievers for most of the fundamentalists for its consecutiveness. Most of the disagreement is focused on this type. The opinion of a group of fundamentalists, such as al-Amidi, Ibn al-Hajib, Al-Juwayni, and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to explore the concepts and goals of grounding faith as a human science. The research endeavors to analyze the fundamentals of faith from a humanistic perspective, emphasizing the importance of understanding faith as a discipline that cares for the human and their aspirations. The research delves into the philosophical, cultural, and social aspects of grounding faith and how it can play a vital role in comprehensive human understanding and their place in the world. This research paper discusses fundamental concepts for grounding faith as a human science, such as the concepts of belief and religion and their impact on human behavior and social relationships. It also explores future objectives for this field, seeking to understand how developing faith as a science can contribute to the comprehensive development of individuals and societies. Using a comprehensive and analytical methodology, the research aims to shed light on the importance of grounding faith as a human science and how these studies can contribute to the advancement of humanity and its development in the contemporary world. In conclusion, this research demonstrates the significance of studying faith as a human science, which contributes to deepening the understanding and personal, social, and spiritual development of humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to address the status of women in Islamic law, with the goal of correcting the perceptions held by many intellectuals and others regarding their position in Islam. It also emphasizes the care and respect accorded to women in Islamic law, as well as the removal of any source of embarrassment for them. This study encompasses two main aspects: First: It delves into the fundamental aspect, emphasizing that facilitation and the removal of embarrassment are key objectives of Islamic Sharia in its general provisions, whether related to worship, transactions, marriage, or other areas. Second: It involves the collection of branches where the researcher identifies facilitation and the removal of embarrassment, particularly for women, within Islamic jurisprudence, beyond the scope of worship. This section also includes references to any existing disputes. In total, these branches encompass thirty-five distinct issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compressed sensing (CS) represents an efficient framework to simultaneously acquire and compress images/signals while reducing acquisition time and memory requirements to process or transmit them. Specifically, CS is able to recover an image from random measurements. Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) are exploited not only to acquire and compress but also for recovering signals/images from a highly incomplete set of measurements. Super-resolution (SR) algorithms attempt to generate a single high resolution (HR) image from one or more low resolution (LR) images of the same scene. Despite the success of the existing SR networks to recover HR images with better visual quality, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed. This paper designs a deep neural network that generates HR images from LR Xray COVID-19 images. To address this problem, we propose a novel robust deep CS framework that is able to mitigate the geometric transformation and recover HR images. Specifically, the proposed framework is able to perform two tasks. First, it is able to compress the transformed image with the help of an optimized generated measurement matrix. Second, the proposed framework is able not only to recover the original image from the compressed version but also to mitigate the transformation effects. The simulation results reported in this article show that the proposed framework is able to achieve a high level of robustness against different geometric transformations in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and similar structure index measurements (SSIM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pneumonia is a serious respiratory infection that can lead to severe health complications if not detected and treated early. In this paper, we propose a smart system based on deep learning for pneumonia infection detection. The system will be deployed as a web app that can receive chest x-ray images uploaded by users and return a prediction of whether the x-ray injured or no. Through the proposed smart Web application, anybody and anywhere may now access the model. There was no need for specialized knowledge, the system uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to analyze chest X-ray images and identify signs of pneumonia infection. The CNN is trained on a large dataset of chest X-ray images labeled as either normal or infected with pneumonia. The system can be integrated into existing healthcare systems to provide early detection and timely treatment of pneumonia infections, thereby improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reinforced concrete structures are considered permanent structures. But reinforced concrete is considered a composite material where reinforcement is embedded in concrete to act as one unit. One of the issues that threatens the area of steel and the bond between concrete and reinforcement is corrosion, especially in marine environments. In marine structures, one of the most attacking materials is chlorides, which cause corrosion. The good quality of concrete has an effective influence on reducing corrosion. In this paper, 9-specimens were fabricated to evaluate the effects of the addition of Nano-Silica on the structural behavior of corroded R.C. beams. 5 concrete mixes with different ratios of Nano-Silica (0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% as a replacement for cement weight) were used to cast the specimens. Specimens were divided into 2 groups. Group A consisted of 4-beams that were corroded by a constant electrical current density. Also, Group B consisted of 5-beams, which were corroded by wetting and drying cycles of salty solution. The experimental results included the compressive strength of concrete, steel mass loss, ultimate capacity load, and load deflection behavior. Finally, it was noticed that Nano-Silica improved the structural properties of corroded beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is one of the most significant issues facing humanity, and an increased number of countries are proactively addressing this problem. Any changes in water resources brought on by climate change would pose a serious risk to a lot of nations. Egypt is one of these nations which will suffer from climate change. One of the consequences of climate change is sea level rise (SLR), which in turn will lead to the advance of shore line in land and more seawater intrusion. The sea water will advance inland, flooding a significant portion of the good lands, and many inhabitants will leave their homes as a result. The Nile Delta is one of the most vulnerable areas to be inundated by sea water due to the flat topographical nature of the area. Moreover, a large part of the water in the Nile Delta aquifer (NDA) will become saline, and the reservoir will become more vulnerable to Seawater intrusion (SWI) Which is affected not only by the rise in sea level and the advance of shore line, but also by the excessive withdrawal from the pumping wells. In this paper (MODFLOW+SEAWAT+ARC GIS) were used to investigate seawater intrusion in Nile Delta aquifer and to determine the position of the new shore line due to 0.25 m and 0.5 m rise of the Mediterranean sea level in Nile Delta. Owing to the lack of data of the topography of the area, because it need high accuracy of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) the position of shore line is obtained based on analyzing the results of saltwater intrusion due to 0.25 m and 0.5 m of sea level rise of recent studies through SEAWAT and the results were exported to ARC GIS to get maps of new shore line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world had faced tremendous challenges due to rapid changes in social and economic aspects such as COVID19 which lead to high consideration of electronic learning because it's agreed with precautions to avoid infection by corona virus. The above mentioned challenged enabled the ministry of higher education and scientific research to adopt modern techniques in education process for sustainability. The paper aims to modify electronic application which will accelerate appropriate using of electronic education through the internet. The modified electronic technology provided many advantages such as cost minimization, availability of education services to a wide sector of students, storage, processing, sharing, and transmission of information when it's required and in any time in external servers available in internet cloud, in addition to the security from vPrus and hackers. The electronic education has been adopted in many higher education institutions through cloud computing projects. The paper aims to clarify the concept of cloud computing objectives, components and its applications in electronic education beside its endorsement in higher education. The paper also focused on proposed model of cloud computing prepared for Eldeain University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the economic effects of the US sanctions on Sudan. The paper aims to identify the concept of sanctions and their forms. The paper also aims at the most important US sanctions on Sudan. The paper also aims to identify the most important economic effects on the US sanctions on Sudan. The paper used both the historical approach and the methodology. Descriptive to identify the historical development of US sanctions on Sudan. The paper also uses the analytical approach to identify the most important economic impacts on US sanctions in Sudan. Forms of American sanctions on Sudan in political, economic and informational sanctions, the political administration in both Sudan and the United States of America should overthrow the principle of common interest in building relations between the two countries. Sudan should rely on investing its internal resources to cover the deficit caused by the American sanctions on Sudan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al-azimat and rukhsat is one of the most important topics nowadays and should be Written on a scientific level, because in recent time objections to the religion of Islam have become commonplace. Moreover, there numerous non-Muslims have been converted to Islam in non-Muslim countries. The purpose of this research paper is to compassion and facilitation under Islamic law, and to describe the rules and regulations dealing with Azam and rukhsat. This research paper is based on librarian methodology, and for collecting the data we have used Various books and libraries. At the end as result we can say that Islam allowed Muslims to use Azam and Rukhsat when they face hardship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates the GIS-based Applications web marketing: Turkey Historical Site in Khartoum, The Motivation depend on Role Geoinformatics Technology for Evaluate the historical sites. The objectives are Analysis, Design, and Implementation Turkey Historical Site in Khartoum. The Importance to support the decision Makers/ Supports. The Methodology is Geoinformatics Phases (Analysis, Design, and Implementations). The importance Results: Design Turkey GeoHistorical Data Model, Build Turkey GeoHistorical Geodatabase, implementation Turkey GeoHistorical Applications Map, Develop Turkey GeoHistorical thematic Map. We recommendations: Design Turkey GeoHistorical virtual Reality, Implementation Turkey GeoHistorical Map in Sudan, Implementation Turkey GeoHistorical Application in Sudan. The Future Papers: Implementation Turkey GeoHistorical 3D Model in Sudan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has been an attempt to discuss the major drawbacks encountered in cross-cultural research at epistemological and methodological levels. We maintain that many of the disadvantages of cross-cultural research reside in the place of epistemology on the hinge of methodological approaches. The objective of this paper is to emphasize the link between epistemology and methodological issues. Based on the literature that has dealt with this subject, the major drawbacks will be presented with some avenues for improvement for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To effortlessly gather knowledge and data from wireless devices, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are now used as one of the successful distributed applications. The unique architecture of WSNs made it possible to employ them in a wide range of contemporary industrial applications, including automated control systems and systems for surveillance and monitoring that can help bridge the gap between user needs and available technology. The control of topology, QoS, robustness, placement, power consumption, scalability, reliability, resource utilization, data availability, and security are additional problems faced by WSNs. WSNs are planned to be merged into the internet of things (IoT) in the future when sensor nodes automatically join the internet and use it to cooperate and complete their functions. This survey paper proposes a taxonomy for wireless sensor networks (WSN), highlights some of the essential technologies, and profiles some applications that have the potential to make a striking difference in human life, especially for the differently abled and the elderly. Compared to similar survey papers in the area, this paper is far more comprehensive in its range and exhaustively covers the most significant technologies, from sensors to applications. Highlights some of the most powerful technology and describes several applications that have the potential to significantly improve human life, particularly for the elderly and those with disabilities. Compared to a different area, this one is much more thorough and covers all essential critical technologies, from sensors to applications. This paper aims to provide a better understanding of such limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agritourism has been studied in various ways and contexts. It can be argued, however, that studies have yet to provide a clear and basic understanding of the characteristics that underpin and define agrtourism. Therefore, this paper investigates how the agritourism application in semi-urban areas of Al Jabal al Akhdar municipality, a total of forty-four (44) questionnaires were distributed to respondents where 42 responded. A quantitative data analysis approach was used to analyze the data (SPSS). The results indicated that Several roles of agritourism in semi-urban areas. Finally, the study was recommended that activating agricultural associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper aims to provide a summary of the luost important challenges facing the entity of the Islamic nation in the modem era, and given tire importance and centrality of reconciliatioir hr tire Islairric public order, many scholars and reformers have worked to spread the spirit of harmony Iir order to airalyze tlris paper aird discuss its contents, I adopted tire descriptive-analytical approach, where tire irrost important pivotal issues that stir the dispute were referred to, then discussed ways to avoid obstacles to reconciliatioir witlr a legitimate approaclr. It is iroted that tire dispute between Muslims is due to tire failure to deal iir major aird cmcial issues for tire iratioir iir a way tlrat brings iirterests to its individuals aird groups, aird wards them froirr tire evils arising from tire inability to manage intellectual and doctrinal differences according to consensual approaches of interest. This paper is the foundations and premises aimed at gatlrering the word and overcoming the major and minor differences between Muslims when required by the immediate legal necessity, with reference to the most prominent fruits that the nation reaps as a result of rallying around its common and constituent. The research concluded that it is necessary to reconsider the premises and reasons that call for disagreement and dissent, and that the different parties to the legal texts should apply scientific controls that are abstract fiom ideological quarrels, and to stay away as much as possible from the causes of the emergence of disagreement, and work to bring the views closer by the irrodem available irreans. Such as holding conferences and seminars, and broadcasting the discourse of harmony in modern technical means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays we witness significant shifts in translation pedagogy affecting teaching methodology as well as the function and role of instructor and learner. One of the recent shifts in translation didactics has resulted from the Covid-19 outbreak which has brought new challenges on translation teaching and learning modes. The present paper addresses translation teaching on a distance learning mode, by investigating some major issues related to e-learning as opposed to that of students' physical presence. It starts by providing a brief description of specific approaches to translation teaching through the work of translation scholars that has highly influenced translation pedagogy in recent years. The paper then provides a brief historical background on the evolution of distance learning as well as the different forms of distance learning. After that, it focuses on a major issue related to distance learning curriculum development, namely the teaching material applicable in this specific type of learning. It then reaches its main topic of research, that is, advantages and disadvantages of teaching translation on a distance learning mode. The main conclusion is that distance learning methodology helps students become both responsible for their own learning process and autonomous as individuals, qualities that will definitely need as professionals in translation industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examined how housing prices were determined by some macroeconomic factors in Saudi Arabia. Variables used are Gross Domestic Product Per capita (GDPP), Consumer Prices Index (CPI), and Unemployment Rate (UNEMP). Quarterly data for a period (2014q1 - 2019q4) were collected from publications of Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA). The paper followed a descriptive analytical method in which Vector Auto-Regression Analysis (VAR) is employed to capture the dynamic effect of the variables on housing prices. Granger Causality, Variance Decomposition and Impulse response function were also used. The results showed that housing prices were insignificantly and positively related to GDPP, whereas it was negatively related to both (CPI & UNEMP). Only CPI had a significant relationship. The three variables, jointly, had Granger causality on HPI. Variance decompositions reflected that CPI was the variable with the highest explanatory power over the variation of housing prices, followed by GDPP and the UNEMP respectively indicating that CPI was the most influential determinants for housing prices. The findings suggested that Saudi authorities need to pay close attention to the effect of CPI on housing investment, and in view of the relatively large share of that sector, on overall growth. Finally, the paper expects that the results would provide awareness into the relation between housing investment and macroeconomic indicators in other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper collects data from the previous research which discussed the differences between females and males from many sides, the differences between both sexes in their using of hedges while they are speaking, the stereotype about women' speech, for example, the features which are attributed to women's language and made their speech powerless or weak, and finally the arguments which talked about the powerful and powerless language and which sex use the hedges more than the other. Also, it focuses on two conversations which occurred between various genders in order to analyze the transcripts of both conversations and compare the results of these two conversations with the previous research. Through this analysis for these two conversations, the paper will show the reader if females use hedges more than males, males use hedges more than females, or both of them use the same or approximate number of hedges in their speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the context, and its impact on clarifying the connotations in the Quranic discourse, applying to the stories mentioned in Surat Al-Baqara, from the interpretation of Ibn Ashour. It aims to define the context and its types, and to show the interest of scholars and researchers in all legal and linguistic disciplines, both ancient and modern, to reveal its role in clarifying the significance in the Qur’anic discourse, and to clarify its relationship to the state of the hearer, the circumstances of the situation in the reasons for revelation, the relationship of the verses with precedents and suffixes, and the overall connection in the larger context. for the Holy Quran. In light of the descriptive approach based on induction, description, analysis and application. It includes a theoretical aspect that rootes the issue of context for linguists, ancient and modern, and for Sharia scholars of different specializations. In the Holy Qur’an, Surat Al-Baqarah, its purpose and the reason for its name, the stories mentioned in Surat Al- Baqarah, and the impact of the context on explaining its implications. And an applied aspect whose limits are the stories contained in Surat Al-Baqara through the interpretation of Ibn Ashour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premature diagnosis of transformer oil faults enables the operator for diagnosing the transformer condition and hence operating the transformer continuously without outage. DGA is one of the most popular chemical tests used for fault diagnosis and there are many techniques which have been developed in this regard. This paper presents a proposed DGA technique for transformer oil fault identification based on the results of the recently published techniques. The proposed technique has been constructed based on the integration between the outputs of two recently established DGA techniques; Conditional probability and artificial neural network. A total of 532 datasets, obtained from the Egyptian Electricity Transmission Company (EETC) with known faults, have been used for designing and testing the proposed technique. The proposed fault diagnostic technique's accuracy attained 86.6 %, which is higher than the results of the combined techniques; 81.7% for ANN and 82.8% for conditional probability technique. The proposed developed technique came to the conclusion that integrating several DGA techniques, with higher accuracy, enhances fault detection's overall accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Societies' values, cultural variety, and physical and intangible legacy are all being lost as a result of globalization, so, it is important to investigate how progress and legacy interact. Egypt has such a great legacy including the historical buildings that are considered to be a real gift. Unfortunately, most projects that aim at keeping those buildings were undertaken in the wrong way without adding real value. Those projects resulted in distorting the historical buildings. Mansoura City is considered one of the most beautiful cities in Egypt. It has such a great location on the river Nile, also it has a great number of historical buildings. All these buildings suffer from negligence and distortion. Although modern architecture has its features, it lacks the essence of Egyptian legacy. Rehabilitation allows the reutilizing of old depleted structures by assigning them new functions using new materials, and technologies, and introducing contemporary solutions to the historical buildings, without damaging their historical identity. By applying sustainable development opportunities and considering the requirements, the interrelationships between the historic areas and the urban context will achieve sustainable tourism and a conservation action plan for the historic surroundings of the Khedive Ismail palace, which has been considered one of the featured historical buildings in Mansoura city. The paper aims to provide steps or guidelines to achieve sustainable development of the rehabilitated building and improve the economic state through processes of rehabilitation of the building by using modern building technology and adding sophisticated elements that did not initially exist at the time of construction, and its architectural style. Examples of such features include smart systems technology and building management system, which can significantly contribute to the success of the building's economic rehabilitation and renovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vision behind biomimicry has always been the pursuit of solving the difficult problems that confront us in life in general, and architecture in particular. The coronavirus is without a doubt the most serious problem and the most dangerous threat since 2019 till now. And architecture has a human dimension that is interested in the prevention of infection and disease and keep human health. This necessitates architects and researchers to attempt to gain access to approaches that make human life less dangerous and threatening, as well as design that is safer and has fewer infection causes. The purpose of this paper is to create indicators that aid in the reduction of coronavirus infection by using nature and its characteristics as a model, which will serve as a starting point for the pandemic architecture of the coronavirus era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, can introduce transform equations that change integral equations into differential equations that are translated on the fuzzy form (FH). using fuzzy Riemann (FR), fuzzy Aumann (FA), and fuzzy Henstock. The algorithm that could solve a Volterra-type integral equation (VIE) was applied to the earlier forms which call triangular fuzzy function to find the fuzzy solution. We present solution as fuzzy functions such that each function satisfies the initial value problem by some membership degree. Some specific examples were provided to fulfil the effectiveness approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]