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Background. Suicidal ideation (SI) is an important risk factor of death by suicide. Recent data suggest that suicidal depression (i.e., moderate to severe depression with SI) could be a specific depression subtype with worse clinical outcomes than nonsuicidal depression (i.e., without SI). Methods. Among 898 French adult inpatients (67% women, mean age: 41.23 [SD: 14.33]) with unipolar depression, 71.94% had moderate to severe depression (defined using the cut-offs of validated scales: beck depression inventory, clinician-rated 30-item inventory depression symptomatology, and quick inventory of depressive symptomatology) and among them, 63.6% had SI according to the suicidal item (score ≥ 2) of the depression scale they filled in. Clinical features (anxiety, psychological pain, and hopelessness) were assessed at baseline. The occurrence of a suicide attempt (SA) or a suicide event (SE) (i.e., actual, aborted or interrupted SA, or hospitalization for SI) was recorded during the 1-year follow-up. The risk of actual SA and SE was compared between groups with adjusted Cox regression models. Results. The risk of actual SA and SE during the follow-up was 2- and 1.8-fold higher, respectively, in patients with suicidal depression, independently of potential cofounders such as history of lifetime SA, age, sex, and baseline depression severity. Conclusions. Suicidal depression is associated with poorer prognosis in terms of actual SA/SE, despite optimal care (i.e., care in a hospital department specialized in the management of suicidal crisis). Specific therapeutic strategies might be needed for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The effects of bullying can be both physical and emotional, and they can last for many years. Children that experience verbal and physical bullying are at a greater risk of developing depression later on in life, compared with children who did not. Objectives: This study aims to look into the relationship between bullying, depressive symptomatology and suicidal thoughts in adolescents of high schools in Lushnje. Methods: Three questionaires (the Beck Depression Inventory; the Bully/victim Behavior / Victim Behavior Questionnaire by Olweus; the Suicide Questionnaire) were circulated online and were completed by 400 adolescents from 2 high schools in a small city in Albania between September-November 2019. Data has been analysed using the Software Package for Social Sciences for Windows v. 22.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL). Results: We found significant positive correlation between bullying (victimization) and the level of depression (r (n = 400) =. 300, p≤.05), and significant positive correlation of bullying (cause) with level of depression (r (n = 400) =. 160, p≤.05) but lower than in victimes. The victims of bullying have higher levels of depression and vice versa. We found higher rate of depression in female adolescents with the average (M = 14.710, ds = 11.263) compared to boys with the average (M = 9.609, ds = 10.723). There is an important positive correlation of suicidal ideation with the level of depression (r (n = 400) =. 616, p≤.05). Conclusions: Being either a bully or a victim of bullying seems to increase the chances of being affected by depression and suicidal thoughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Very few studies have examined the cross-national prevalence of suicidal ideation in the general population or variables associated with it.Aims: To examine the risk factors for suicidal ideas in the general population.Method: As part of a five-country two stage epidemiological study of depressive disorder (the ODIN study) a random sample of over 12 000 people were screened using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). There followed detailed analysis of item 9 of the BDI, which measured the severity of suicidal ideation.Results: Age, marriage, concern by others and severity of depressed mood independently increased or decreased the odds of suicidal ideation overall. An interaction between life events and social supports was identified, although this differed between men and women. Only concern by others and severity of depression were independently associated with serious suicidal ideation. The study does not allow for interpretation of the direction of the association.Conclusions: A number of social, clinical and demographic variables were independently associated with all suicidal ideation and with serious suicidal ideation. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm whether these are risk factors for or the result of suicidal ideation or have some other relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) has inserted complex post-traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD) as a clinically distinct disorder, different from PTSD. The diagnosis of cPTSD has the same requirements for the one of PTSD, in addition to disturbances of self-organization (DSO - e.g., disturbances in relationships, affect dysregulation, and negative selfconcept). Objectives: This study aimed to explore suicidality in PTSD and cPTSD. We examined also the association between clinical dimensions of hopelessness (feelings, loss of motivation, future expectations) and other symptomatologic variables. Methods: The sample, recruited at the Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy, consisted of 189 subjects, 132 diagnosed with PTSD, and 57 with cPTSD, according to the ICD-11 criteria. Participants underwent the following clinical assessments: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90), Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). Results: cPTSD showed significantly higher BHS-total (p = 0.01) and BHS-loss of motivation subscale (p <0.001) scores than PTSD. Besides, cPTSD showed significantly higher scores in all clinical variables except for the IES-intrusive subscale. By controlling for the confounding factor "depression", suicidality in cPTSD (and in particular the BHS-total) appears to be correlated with IES-total score (p = 0.042) and with DES-Absorption (p = 0.02). Differently, no such correlations are found in PTSD. Conclusions: Our study shows significant symptomatologic differences between PTSD and cPTSD, including suicidality. Indeed, suicidality in cPTSD appears to be correlated with the "loss of motivation" dimension, which fits well within the ICD-11 criteria of DSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Currently, suicide is a serious public health problem due to its elevated prevalence, and the lack of adequate preventive strategies implementation. Nowadays, there is intense work on the search of suicide predictors. Objectives: To evaluate the suicidal impulse (SI) score (item 9 of the Beck Depression Inventory) and the percentage of repeated attempts (RA) in a sample of patients with ideation or suicidal attempt (SA), who are followed up in an intensive intervention program (IIP). Methods: Implemented in the city of Ourense, the IIP is an assistance and preventive program for suicidal behavior. The sample is made up of patients included in the IIP due to SA or ideation. The following variables were registered during the 12-month follow-up: socio-demographic and clinical, RA and the Beck Depression Inventory (baseline, 6 months and 12 months). Results: Of the 448 patients included in the program, 319 were due to SA and 129 to ideation. RA during the program was 29 (9%) and 6 (4.65%) respectively. SI changed from a 100% of the patients with clear plans to commit suicide at the beginning of the program, to 50%, in the SA group, and 66.67%, in the ideation group, with no plans to commit suicide after a 12-month follow-up. Conclusions: The IIP shows strong effectiveness in patients with ideation or suicidal attempts. The percentage of RA is reduced parallel to the SI punctuation reduction during the intervention period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Suicidal behaviour is a major public health problem. Several factors have been associated with it, among which impulsivity that seems to increase the risk of suicide attempts according to some studies. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of impulsivity along with the factors associated to it, in suicidal patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among patients aged 16 and above, living in Sousse, who attempted suicide and were admitted in the emergency department, between November 2016 and July 2017. A standardized assessment was performed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Beck's hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Results: Our study was conducted among 31 suicidal patients. The average age was 26,0 ± 9.8 years old. The sex ratio was 0,4. In our population, 7 (22,6%) had a family history of suicidal behaviour, 18 (58,1%) had active suicidal thoughts before acting out and 16 (51,6%) have made at least two suicide attempts. Among our patients, 27 (87,1%) had a BDI score superior to 16 corresponding to severe depression and the prevalence of impulsivity was 100% with a mean Barratt score at 85,03 ± 13,58. The mean score was 29,58 ± 6,76 in the motor impulsiveness, 22.96 ± 4,03 in the cognitive impulsiveness and 32,48 ± 4,82 in the non-planning impulsiveness. Conclusions: Our study revealed that the majority of the suicide attempts were concomitant with depression and associated to impulsivity. This should encourage a systematic evaluation of the risk of acting out in depressed and impulsive subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]