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An engine bracket is one of the most critical components of the engine used for mounting and supporting the engine in the vehicles. Today, the automobile industry requires lightweight components, which will reduce the car's overall weight when fitted into the vehicle. Topology optimization is a technique with the help of which the surface of a component is optimized to get the required shape for having reduced weight. The weight is reduced by optimizing the material on the surface of the details. In this paper, the work done is the application of topology optimization on the surface of the engine bracket arm. Then the optimized model is tested computationally using realistic conditions. Bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization is used as a technique for topology optimization. With the help of the BESO method, the material optimization is done, and then the weights are compared with the original component. A new algorithm is developed using MATLAB codes. The sensitivity ratio is considered using the von Mises strength as a critical parameter for the BESO method for optimization. The optimized bracket model is then assembled with the hub of the component, and then the assembly is simulated for verification using standard conditions. A comparison of weight reduction is there using topology optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endodontic file is a tapered, needle shape body used for the preparation of curved human root canals. During the preparation, process files get failed due to the locking action offered by the canal wall. The present study aimed to find the fatigue life of endodontic files at 23°, 33° and 43° root canal curvature angles. Four brands of files were selected for the present study viz. Hyplex CM, Pro-Taper Next, Hero Shaper, Pro-File Vortex. The strain life analysis done using ANSYS showed that the Hyplex CM file gives the highest fatigue life at 23°, 33° and 43° root canal curvature angles. Therefore, Hyplex CM file was selected for DoE Taguchi Optimization study. Each experimental reading was conducted on X Smart Plus experimental setup under purely rotary and combined reciprocating-rotary motion, at 500 rpm, 600 rpm and 700 rpm and 23°, 33° and 43° root canal curvature angles. Hyplex CM file given maximum fatigue life at 23° root canal curvature angle and 500 rpm speed of rotation. But if file motion is combined rotary-reciprocating, life reduces. The ANNOVA study showed that P-value and significance F are very small, which represented that the regression model is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of assessment and adoption of automotive tyre design specifications has not been addressed sufficiently in literature. This is in spite of its significance as a crucial component relevant to design and safety of the automobile. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization model of the tyre design trademark adoption decision is proposed. Multi-attribute or multi-criterion decision making techniques are heuristics providing good solution, but do not guarantee optimum solution. Up to date, there is no optimal yielding method for selection of vehicle tyre manufacturer or trademark based on prespecified design targets. The proposed model is formulated as a binary goal programming model for optimizing tyre trademark design selection decision by adopting an optimal tyre design trademark that best achieve design targets. The model is solved by the branch and bound algorithm. One advantage of the proposed model is flexibility to incorporate multiple design targets, tolerance limits and different constraints. The proposed model can support efficient and effective decision making concerning the adoption of tyre trademark design for new automobile or to re-adopt new design for new road vehicle operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabrication of electronic circuits and the effects of optimization parameters on electrical conductivity of the printed circuits fabricated by direct ink writing method (D.I.W); one of the novel methods in 3D printing technologies is discussed in this work. This paper focuses on fabrication of electronic circuits using F-MWCNT/PVA conductive ink and analyses the effect of input printing process parameters namely nozzle diameter, extrusion pressure, printing speed on evaluating the electrical conductivity. Box–Behnken approach is followed to generate the levels of experiments and the performance of developed model is assessed using ANOVA. Response surface method is incorporated to find the influencing parameters on electrical conductivity response. Two-point probe measurement method is performed to analyse the output response of the printed electronic circuits. Optimized printing parameters such as nozzle diameter of 0.8 mm, extrusion pressure of 0.1 MPa and printing speed of 4 mm/sec are found to be the best the for printing electronic circuits with high electrical conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of the progressive die stamping process is optimized through minimizing the number of die stamping stations in the strip layout to reduce the die cost. In order to accomplish such end, in this study, a graph-theoretic based method is implemented to model and optimize the strip layout design. This method starts with mapping stamping features into stamping operations. This step is followed by constructing two graphs to model the precedence and adjacency constraints among stamping operations based on a set of manufacturing rules. These two graphs are called: operation precedence graph and operation adjacency graph. In the next step, a topological sorting algorithm clusters the operations into partially ordered sets. Then, a graph coloring algorithm clusters the partially ordered operations sets into final sequence of operations. The graph-theoretic technique has been implemented on a part currently manufactured by laser cutting process technology in some Egyptian factory in Cairo. This study indicated that the graph-theoretic technique offers several advantages including the ease of programming and transparency in understanding the obtained strip layout design. This is besides being a systematic and logically approach to obtain an optimized strip layout design. In general, the progressive die manufacturing can increase productivity of sheet metal works in Egypt, only in situations of mass production. The limitation is that it requires considerable skill level and training for labor to conduct die strip layout design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endodontic file is a tapered, needle shape body used for the preparation of curved human root canals. During the preparation, process files get failed due to the locking action offered by the canal wall. The present study aimed to find the fatigue life of endodontic files at 23°, 33° and 43° root canal curvature angles. Four brands of files were selected for the present study viz. Hyplex CM, Pro-Taper Next, Hero Shaper, Pro-File Vortex. The strain life analysis done using ANSYS showed that the Hyplex CM file gives the highest fatigue life at 23°, 33° and 43° root canal curvature angles. Therefore, Hyplex CM file was selected for DoE Taguchi Optimization study. Each experimental reading was conducted on X Smart Plus experimental setup under purely rotary and combined reciprocating-rotary motion, at 500 rpm, 600 rpm and 700 rpm and 23°, 33° and 43° root canal curvature angles. Hyplex CM file given maximum fatigue life at 23° root canal curvature angle and 500 rpm speed of rotation. But if file motion is combined rotary-reciprocating, life reduces. The ANNOVA study showed that P-value and significance F are very small, which represented that the regression model is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steering knuckle connects steering system, suspension system and braking system to the chassis. The steering knuckle contributes a significant weight to the total weight of a vehicle. Increasing the efficiency of an automobile without compromising the performances is the major challenge faced by the manufacturers. This paper presents an effective topology optimization of steering knuckle used in a vehicle with the primary objective of minimizing weight. The study on optimization of knuckle is divided into two phases, the first phase involves making of a computer-aided design model of the original steering knuckle and carry out finite element analysis on the knuckle by estimating the loads, which are acting on the component. In the second phase, design optimization of the model of steering knuckle is carried out, and excess material is removed at the region where induced stress is negligible as obtained in finite element analysis assuming standard boundary and loading conditions. The paper describes a research work carried out to optimize structural topology giving the essential details. The methodology may be applied to optimize structural components used in applications where the ratio of desired properties to the cost, generally in terms of weight, is to be optimized. In the case of automobiles, strength to weight ratio has to be maximized. New researchers working in the area will have an understanding of the procedures, and further, the techniques may be applied to design in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steering knuckle connects steering system, suspension system and braking system to the chassis. The steering knuckle contributes a significant weight to the total weight of a vehicle. Increasing the efficiency of an automobile without compromising the performances is the major challenge faced by the manufacturers. This paper presents an effective topology optimization of steering knuckle used in a vehicle with the primary objective of minimizing weight. The study on optimization of knuckle is divided into two phases, the first phase involves making of a computer-aided design model of the original steering knuckle and carry out finite element analysis on the knuckle by estimating the loads, which are acting on the component. In the second phase, design optimization of the model of steering knuckle is carried out, and excess material is removed at the region where induced stress is negligible as obtained in finite element analysis assuming standard boundary and loading conditions. The paper describes a research work carried out to optimize structural topology giving the essential details. The methodology may be applied to optimize structural components used in applications where the ratio of desired properties to the cost, generally in terms of weight, is to be optimized. In the case of automobiles, strength to weight ratio has to be maximized. New researchers working in the area will have an understanding of the procedures, and further, the techniques may be applied to design in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels are one of the most important in fuel cladding materials for 4th Generation nuclear reactors because of their excellent mechanical properties such as irradiation resistance, swelling resistance, and elevated temperature tensile/compressive strength. Mechanical alloying (MA) is one of the most promising routes for developing nanocrystalline ferritic ODS steel materials. For the production of nanocrystalline ferritic ODS steel powders, the most influencing factor is the milling speed and milling time during the mechanical alloying process. With the improper selection of milling time and speed, the final milled powders become an amorphous structure consisting of high impurity inclusions in the microstructure, and strength was also affected. In order to overcome these drawbacks, the present investigation was taken into account for the selection of appropriate mechanical milling speed and time, which was optimized through Taguchi analysis followed by the MA process. The optimized mechanical milling speed and time of milled powders were characterized through X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels are one of the most important in fuel cladding materials for 4th Generation nuclear reactors because of their excellent mechanical properties such as irradiation resistance, swelling resistance, and elevated temperature tensile/compressive strength. Mechanical alloying (MA) is one of the most promising routes for developing nanocrystalline ferritic ODS steel materials. For the production of nanocrystalline ferritic ODS steel powders, the most influencing factor is the milling speed and milling time during the mechanical alloying process. With the improper selection of milling time and speed, the final milled powders become an amorphous structure consisting of high impurity inclusions in the microstructure, and strength was also affected. In order to overcome these drawbacks, the present investigation was taken into account for the selection of appropriate mechanical milling speed and time, which was optimized through Taguchi analysis followed by the MA process. The optimized mechanical milling speed and time of milled powders were characterized through X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study performed a steady-statenumerical analysis to understand the temperature in different heat sink configurations forLEDapplications. Seven heat sink configurationsnamed R, H-6, H-8, H-10,C,C3, and C3E3 were considered. Parameters like input power, number of fins, heat sink configuration were varied, and their influence on LED temperature distribution, heat sink thermal resistance and thermal interface material temperature were studied. The results showed that the temperature distribution of the H-6 heat sink decreased by 46.30%compared with theCheat sink for aninput power of 16W. The result of theH-6 heat sink shows that the heat sink thermal resistance was decreased by 73.91% compared with the Cheat sink at 16W. The lowest interface material temperature of 54.11 °C was achieved by the H-6 heat sink when the input power was used 16W. The H-6 heat sink exhibited better performance due to more surface area with several fins than other heat sinks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abrasive characteristics of LM6 alloys are difficult to machine, so designing a technology that allows for effective machining is essential. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of process variables, namely feed rate, spindle speed and drill material, towards the responses likeThrust force, Surface roughness and burr height when drilling of LM6 alloy. LM6 aluminium alloy was fabricated by the stir casting process. Experiments were conducted using L9 orthogonal array in a Vertical Machining Centre coupled with a dynamometer for measuring thrust force. Surface roughness was found by Surface roughness tester and burr heightwasmeasured using Vision Measuring System. The findings showthat the created model can accurately estimate the thrust force (TF), surface roughness (SR) and burr height (BH) in LM6 alloy drilling within the parameters examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]