Search

Highlights • 2′,2′′′-Dithiobisbenzanilide (DTBBA) is a chemical used as a peptizing agent for rubber. • Humane exposure to DTBBA is possible via oral and dermal routes. • DTBBA is well-absorbed in rodents following oral and dermal administration. • Absorbed DTBBA was extensively metabolized and excreted mainly via urine. • N-(2-mercaptophenyl)benzamide accounted for more than 50% of radioactivity in urine., 2′,2′′′-Dithiobisbenzanilide (DTBBA) is a high-production-volume chemical used as a peptizing agent for rubber. The disposition and metabolism of [14C]DTBBA were determined in male and female rats and mice following oral (4, 40, or 400 mg/kg) and intravenous (IV) (4 mg/kg) administration and dermal application (0.4 or 4 mg/kg). [14C]DTBBA was well absorbed following oral administration (> 60%) and dermal application (∼40–50%) in rats and mice. Following oral administration, the majority of radioactivity was excreted in urine (29 − 70%) and feces (16 − 45%). Unlike rats, mice excreted ∼1-5% of the dose as exhaled CO2. The residual radioactivity in tissues was

Salicylic acid is a common chemical used in the pharmaceutical industry. Much attention has been paid in recent years to the elimination of this contaminant from the water by electrochemical oxidation. However, there is still a debate about its intermediate products during the degradation process. The goal of this work was to provide further insight into the degradation of salicylic acid by the Density Functional Theory calculations. The detailed mechanism shall be investigated along with the most suitable intermediate products during the process. The results provide an explanation for the experimental observation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid over other derivatives.

Over the entire life of an inorganic chemical product (often referred to as the cradle-to-grave cycle), there is a potential for a negative impact on man and the environment. The cradle-to-grave analysis (also known as life-cycle analysis, life-cycle assessment, and ecobalance) is a technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of the life of a chemical from the extraction of the raw material extraction from the Earth through material processing, manufacture, distribution, use, and disposal or recycling. This involves (i) compiling an inventory of relevant energy and material inputs and environmental releases, (ii) evaluating the potential impacts associated with identified inputs and releases, and (iii) interpreting the results to help make a more informed decision. This investigation also includes (i) identification of the type of chemical, (ii) specific examples of the types of chemical spilled, and (iii) the compatibility/incompatibly of the spill chemical with the chemical used in the cleanup process. It is the purpose of this chapter to introduce the reader to conventional methods to remove, reduce, or mitigate the effects of toxic chemical in nature. Each of these conventional methods of treatment of contaminated soil and/or water suffers from recognizable drawbacks and may involve some level of risk.

Submitted by Patrícia Correia (patriciacorreia@ua.pt) on 2020-05-12T09:58:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes et al. - 2010 - Effect of pH and temperature on Hg2+ water deconta.pdf: 736593 bytes, checksum: 49bbbc7f06321fda7d7ac892ab298b64 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Patrícia Correia (patriciacorreia@ua.pt) on 2020-05-12T09:58:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes et al. - 2010 - Effect of pH and temperature on Hg2+ water deconta.pdf: 736593 bytes, checksum: 49bbbc7f06321fda7d7ac892ab298b64 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-12T09:58:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes et al. - 2010 - Effect of pH and temperature on Hg2+ water deconta.pdf: 736593 bytes, checksum: 49bbbc7f06321fda7d7ac892ab298b64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-15 published

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic, epoxy resins, and a number of commonly used products. This chapter discusses the routes by which BPA can enter food, the levels of BPA that have been measured in food, and levels of human BPA intake. It also reviews possible mechanisms of BPA toxicity and the potential for the low levels of BPA, to which people are exposed, to affect health. Finally, the positions of government bodies in their scientific reviews of the potential health risks of BPA are also discussed.