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15 results on '"Gregor, R."'

1. Linking profiles of pathway activation with clinical motor improvements – A retrospective computational study

Author

Konstantin Butenko, Ningfei Li, Clemens Neudorfer, Jan Roediger, Andreas Horn, Gregor R. Wenzel, Hazem Eldebakey, Andrea A. Kühn, Martin M. Reich, Jens Volkmann, and Ursula van Rienen

Subjects
Deep brain stimulation, Pathway activation, UPDRS-III score, Pallidothalamic pathway, Computational modeling, Parkinson’s disease, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established therapy for patients with Parkinson’s disease. In silico computer models for DBS hold the potential to inform a selection of stimulation parameters. In recent years, the focus has shifted towards DBS-induced firing in myelinated axons, deemed particularly relevant for the external modulation of neural activity.Objective: The aim of this project was to investigate correlations between patient-specific pathway activation profiles and clinical motor improvement.Methods: We used the concept of pathway activation modeling, which incorporates advanced volume conductor models and anatomically authentic fiber trajectories to estimate DBS-induced action potential initiation in anatomically plausible pathways that traverse in close proximity to targeted nuclei. We applied the method on two retrospective datasets of DBS patients, whose clinical improvement had been evaluated according to the motor part of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. Based on differences in outcome and activation levels for intrapatient DBS protocols in a training cohort, we derived a pathway activation profile that theoretically induces a complete alleviation of symptoms described by UPDRS-III. The profile was further enhanced by analyzing the importance of matching activation levels for individual pathways.Results: The obtained profile emphasized the importance of activation in pathways descending from the motor-relevant cortical regions as well as the pallidothalamic pathways. The degree of similarity of patient-specific profiles to the optimal profile significantly correlated with clinical motor improvement in a test cohort.Conclusion: Pathway activation modeling has a translational utility in the context of motor symptom alleviation in Parkinson’s patients treated with DBS.

Published
2022
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3. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015:a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants

Author

Zhou, B. (Bin), Bentham, J. (James), Di Cesare, M. (Mariachiara), Bixby, H. (Honor), Danaei, G. (Goodarz), Cowan, M. J. (Melanie J.), Paciorek, C. J. (Christopher J.), Singh, G. (Gitanjali), Hajifathalian, K. (Kaveh), Bennett, J. E. (James E.), Taddei, C. (Cristina), Bilano, V. (Ver), Carrillo-Larco, R. M. (Rodrigo M.), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Khatibzadeh, S. (Shahab), Lugero, C. (Charles), Peykari, N. (Niloofar), Zhang, W. Z. (Wan Zhu), Lu, Y. (Yuan), Stevens, G. A. (Gretchen A.), Riley, L. M. (Leanne M.), Bovet, P. (Pascal), Elliott, P. (Paul), Gu, D. (Dongfeng), Ikeda, N. (Nayu), Jackson, R. T. (Rod T.), Joffres, M. (Michel), Kengne, A. P. (Andre Pascal), Laatikainen, T. (Tiina), Lam, T. H. (Tai Hing), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Liu, J. (Jing), Miranda, J. J. (J. Jaime), Mondo, C. K. (Charles K.), Neuhauser, H. K. (Hannelore K.), Sundstrom, J. (Johan), Smeeth, L. (Liam), Soric, M. (Maroje), Woodward, M. (Mark), Ezzati, M. (Majid), Abarca-Gomez, L. (Leandra), Abdeen, Z. A. (Ziad A.), Rahim, H. A. (Hanan Abdul), Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. (Niveen M.), Acosta-Cazares, B. (Benjamin), Adams, R. (Robert), Aekplakorn, W. (Wichai), Afsana, K. (Kaosar), Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (Carlos A.), Agyemang, C. (Charles), Ahmadvand, A. (Alireza), Ahrens, W. (Wolfgang), Al Raddadi, R. (Rajaa), Al Woyatan, R. (Rihab), Ali, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Alkerwi, A. (Ala'a), Aly, E. (Eman), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Amuzu, A. (Antoinette), Andersen, L. B. (Lars Bo), Anderssen, S. A. (Sigmund A.), Angquist, L. (Lars), Anjana, R. M. (Ranjit Mohan), Ansong, D. (Daniel), Aounallah-Skhiri, H. (Hajer), Araujo, J. (Joana), Ariansen, I. (Inger), Aris, T. (Tahir), Arlappa, N. (Nimmathota), Aryal, K. (Krishna), Arveiler, D. (Dominique), Assah, F. K. (Felix K.), Assuncao, M. C. (Maria Cecilia F.), Avdicova, M. (Maria), Azevedo, A. (Ana), Azizi, F. (Fereidoun), Babu, B. V. (Bontha V.), Bahijri, S. (Suhad), Balakrishna, N. (Nagalla), Bandosz, P. (Piotr), Banegas, J. R. (Jose R.), Barbagallo, C. M. (Carlo M.), Barcelo, A. (Alberto), Barkat, A. (Amina), Barros, A. J. (Aluisio J. D.), Barros, M. V. (Mauro V.), Bata, I. (Iqbal), Batieha, A. M. (Anwar M.), Baur, L. A. (Louise A.), Beaglehole, R. (Robert), Ben Romdhane, H. (Habiba), Benet, M. (Mikhail), Benson, L. S. (Lowell S.), Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (Antonio), Bernotiene, G. (Gailute), Bettiol, H. (Heloisa), Bhagyalaxmi, A. (Aroor), Bharadwaj, S. (Sumit), Bhargava, S. K. (Santosh K.), Bi, Y. (Yufang), Bikbov, M. (Mukharram), Bjerregaard, P. (Peter), Bjertness, E. (Espen), Bjokelund, C. (Cecilia), Blokstra, A. (Anneke), Bo, S. (Simona), Bobak, M. (Martin), Boeing, H. (Heiner), Boggia, J. G. (Jose G.), Boissonnet, C. P. (Carlos P.), Bongard, V. (Vanina), Braeckman, L. (Lutgart), Brajkovich, I. (Imperia), Branca, F. (Francesco), Breckenkamp, J. (Juergen), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brewster, L. M. (Lizzy M.), Bruno, G. (Graziella), Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. (H. B. (as)), Bugge, A. (Anna), Burns, C. (Con), Bursztyn, M. (Michael), de Leon, A. C. (Antonio Cabrera), Cameron, C. (Christine), Can, G. (Gunay), Candido, A. P. (Ana Paula C.), Capuano, V. (Vincenzo), Cardoso, V. C. (Viviane C.), Carlsson, A. C. (Axel C.), Carvalho, M. J. (Maria J.), Casanueva, F. F. (Felipe F.), Casas, J.-P. (Juan-Pablo), Caserta, C. A. (Carmelo A.), Chamukuttan, S. (Snehalatha), Chan, A. W. (Angelique W.), Chan, Q. (Queenie), Chaturvedi, H. K. (Himanshu K.), Chaturvedi, N. (Nishi), Chen, C.-J. (Chien-Jen), Chen, F. (Fangfang), Chen, H. (Huashuai), Chen, S. (Shuohua), Chen, Z. (Zhengming), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Dekkaki, I. C. (Imane Cherkaoui), Chetrit, A. (Angela), Chiolero, A. (Arnaud), Chiou, S.-T. (Shu-Ti), Chirita-Emandi, A. (Adela), Cho, B. (Belong), Cho, Y. (Yumi), Chudek, J. (Jerzy), Cifkova, R. (Renata), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clays, E. (Els), Concin, H. (Hans), Cooper, C. (Cyrus), Cooper, R. (Rachel), Coppinger, T. C. (Tara C.), Costanzo, S. (Simona), Cottel, D. (Dominique), Cowell, C. (Chris), Craig, C. L. (Cora L.), Crujeiras, A. B. (Ana B.), Cruz, J. J. (Juan J.), D'Arrigo, G. (Graziella), d'Orsi, E. (Eleonora), Dallongeville, J. (Jean), Damasceno, A. (Albertino), Dankner, R. (Rachel), Dantoft, T. M. (Thomas M.), Dauchet, L. (Luc), De Backer, G. (Guy), de Gaetano, G. (Giovanni), De Henauw, S. (Stefaan), De Smedt, D. (Delphine), Deepa, M. (Mohan), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Delisle, H. (Helene), Deschamps, V. (Valerie), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Di Castelnuovo, A. F. (Augusto F.), Dias-da-Costa, J. S. (Juvenal Soares), Diaz, A. (Alejandro), Dickerson, T. T. (Ty T.), Do, H. T. (Ha T. P.), Dobson, A. J. (Annette J.), Donfrancesco, C. (Chiara), Donoso, S. P. (Silvana P.), Doering, A. (Angela), Doua, K. (Kouamelan), Drygas, W. (Wojciech), Dulskiene, V. (Virginija), Dzakula, A. (Aleksandar), Dzerve, V. (Vilnis), Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. (Elzbieta), Eggertsen, R. (Robert), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), El Ati, J. (Jalila), Ellert, U. (Ute), Elosua, R. (Roberto), Erasmus, R. T. (Rajiv T.), Erem, C. (Cihangir), Eriksen, L. (Louise), Escobedo-de la Pena, J. (Jorge), Evans, A. (Alun), Faeh, D. (David), Fall, C. H. (Caroline H.), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Felix-Redondo, F. J. (Francisco J.), Ferguson, T. S. (Trevor S.), Fernandez-Berges, D. (Daniel), Ferrante, D. (Daniel), Ferrari, M. (Marika), Ferreccio, C. (Catterina), Ferrieres, J. (Jean), Finn, J. D. (Joseph D.), Fischer, K. (Krista), Foeger, B. (Bernhard), Foo, L. H. (Leng Huat), Forslund, A.-S. (Ann-Sofie), Forsner, M. (Maria), Fortmann, S. P. (Stephen P.), Fouad, H. M. (Heba M.), Francis, D. K. (Damian K.), Franco, M. d. (Maria do Carmo), Franco, O. H. (Oscar H.), Frontera, G. (Guillermo), Fuchs, F. D. (Flavio D.), Fuchs, S. C. (Sandra C.), Fujita, Y. (Yuki), Furusawa, T. (Takuro), Gaciong, Z. (Zbigniew), Gareta, D. (Dickman), Garnett, S. P. (Sarah P.), Gaspoz, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Gasull, M. (Magda), Gates, L. (Louise), Gavrila, D. (Diana), Geleijnse, J. M. (Johanna M.), Ghasemian, A. (Anoosheh), Ghimire, A. (Anup), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Gianfagna, F. (Francesco), Giovannelli, J. (Jonathan), Goldsmith, R. A. (Rebecca A.), Goncalves, H. (Helen), Gonzalez Gross, M. (Marcela), Gonzalez Rivas, J. P. (Juan P.), Gottrand, F. (Frederic), Graff-Iversen, S. (Sidsel), Grafnetter, D. (Dusan), Grajda, A. (Aneta), Gregor, R. D. (Ronald D.), Grodzicki, T. (Tomasz), Grontved, A. (Anders), Gruden, G. (Grabriella), Grujic, V. (Vera), Guan, O. P. (Ong Peng), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guerrero, R. (Ramiro), Guessous, I. (Idris), Guimaraes, A. L. (Andre L.), Gulliford, M. C. (Martin C.), Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (Johanna), Gunter, M. (Marc), Gupta, P. C. (Prakash C.), Gureje, O. (Oye), Gurzkowska, B. (Beata), Gutierrez, L. (Laura), Gutzwiller, F. (Felix), Hadaegh, F. (Farzad), Halkjaer, J. (Jytte), Hambleton, I. R. (Ian R.), Hardy, R. (Rebecca), Harikumar, R. (Rachakulla), Hata, J. (Jun), Hayes, A. J. (Alison J.), He, J. (Jiang), Hendriks, M. E. (Marleen Elisabeth), Henriques, A. (Ana), Hernandez Cadena, L. (Leticia), . (), Herrala, S. (Sauli), Heshmat, R. (Ramin), Hihtaniemi, I. T. (Ilpo Tapani), Ho, S. Y. (Sai Yin), Ho, S. C. (Suzanne C.), Hobbs, M. (Michael), Hofman, A. (Albert), Dinc, G. H. (Gonul Horasan), Hormiga, C. M. (Claudia M.), Horta, B. L. (Bernardo L.), Houti, L. (Leila), Howitt, C. (Christina), Htay, T. T. (Thein Thein), Htet, A. S. (Aung Soe), Hu, Y. (Yonghua), Maria Huerta, J. (Jose), Husseini, A. S. (Abdullatif S.), Huybrechts, I. (Inge), Hwalla, N. (Nahla), Iacoviello, L. (Licia), Iannone, A. G. (Anna G.), Ibrahim, M. M. (M. Mohsen), Ikram, M. A. (M. Arfan), Irazola, V. E. (Vilma E.), Islam, M. (Muhammad), Ivkovic, V. (Vanja), Iwasaki, M. (Masanori), Jacobs, J. M. (Jeremy M.), Jafar, T. (Tazeen), Jamrozik, K. (Konrad), Janszky, I. (Imre), Jasienska, G. (Grazyna), Jelakovic, B. (Bojan), Jiang, C. Q. (Chao Qiang), Johansson, M. (Mattias), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jorgensen, T. (Torben), Joshi, P. (Pradeep), Juolevi, A. (Anne), Jurak, G. (Gregor), Juresa, V. (Vesna), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kafatos, A. (Anthony), Kalter-Leibovici, O. (Ofra), Kamaruddin, N. A. (Nor Azmi), Kasaeian, A. (Amir), Katz, J. (Joanne), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Kaur, P. (Prabhdeep), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Kazakbaeva, G. (Gyulli), Keil, U. (Ulrich), Boker, L. K. (Lital Keinan), Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Kelishadi, R. (Roya), Kemper, H. C. (Han C. G.), Kersting, M. (Mathilde), Key, T. (Timothy), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalili, D. (Davood), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Killewo, J. (Japhet), Kim, J. (Jeongseon), Klumbiene, J. (Jurate), Kolle, E. (Elin), Kolsteren, P. (Patrick), Korrovits, P. (Paul), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kouda, K. (Katsuyasu), Koziel, S. (Slawomir), Kristensen, P. L. (Peter Lund), Krokstad, S. (Steinar), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Kruger, H. S. (Herculina S.), Kubinova, R. (Ruzena), Kuciene, R. (Renata), Kuh, D. (Diana), Kujala, U. M. (Urho M.), Kula, K. (Krzysztof), Kulaga, Z. (Zbigniew), Kumar, R. K. (R. Krishna), Kurjata, P. (Pawel), Kusuma, Y. S. (Yadlapalli S.), Kuulasmaa, K. (Kari), Kyobutungi, C. (Catherine), Lachat, C. (Carl), Landrove, O. (Orlando), Lanska, V. (Vera), Lappas, G. (Georg), Larijani, B. (Bagher), Laugsand, L. E. (Lars E.), Le, T. D. (Tuyen D.), Leclercq, C. (Catherine), Lee, J. (Jeannette), Lee, J. (Jeonghee), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Lekhraj, R. (Rampal), Leon-Munoz, L. M. (Luz M.), Levitt, N. S. (Naomi S.), Li, Y. (Yanping), Lilly, C. L. (Christa L.), Lim, W.-Y. (Wei-Yen), Fernanda Lima-Costa, M. (M.), Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lin, X. (Xu), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Lissner, L. (Lauren), Litwin, M. (Mieczyslaw), Lorbeer, R. (Roberto), Lotufo, P. A. (Paulo A.), Eugenio Lozano, J. (Jose), Luksiene, D. (Dalia), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Lunet, N. (Nuno), Lytsy, P. (Per), Ma, G. (Guansheng), Ma, J. (Jun), Machado-Coelho, G. L. (George L. L.), Machi, S. (Suka), Maggi, S. (Stefania), Magliano, D. J. (Dianna J.), Majer, M. (Marjeta), Makdisse, M. (Marcia), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Malhotra, R. (Rahul), Rao, K. M. (Kodavanti Mallikharjuna), Malyutina, S. (Sofia), Manios, Y. (Yannis), Mann, J. I. (Jim I.), Manzato, E. (Enzo), Margozzini, P. (Paula), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Marrugat, J. (Jaume), Martorell, R. (Reynaldo), Mathiesen, E. B. (Ellisiv B.), Matijasevich, A. (Alicia), Matsha, T. E. (Tandi E.), Mbanya, J. C. (Jean Claude N.), Posso, A. J. (Anselmo J. Mc Donald), McFarlane, S. R. (Shelly R.), McGarvey, S. T. (Stephen T.), McLachlan, S. (Stela), McLean, R. M. (Rachael M.), McNulty, B. A. (Breige A.), Khir, A. S. (Amir Sharifuddin Md), Mediene-Benchekor, S. (Sounnia), Medzioniene, J. (Jurate), Meirhaeghe, A. (Aline), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Menezes, A. M. (Ana Maria B.), Menon, G. R. (Geetha R.), Meshram, I. I. (Indrapal I.), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Mi, J. (Jie), Mikkel, K. (Kairit), Miller, J. C. (Jody C.), Francisco Miquel, J. (Juan), Jaime Miranda, J. (J.), Misigoj-Durakovic, M. (Marjeta), Mohamed, M. K. (Mostafa K.), Mohammad, K. (Kazem), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohan, V. (Viswanathan), Yusoff, M. F. (Muhammad Fadhli Mohd), Moller, N. C. (Niels C.), Molnar, D. (Denes), Momenan, A. (Amirabbas), Monyeki, K. D. (Kotsedi Daniel K.), Moreira, L. B. (Leila B.), Morejon, A. (Alain), Moreno, L. A. (Luis A.), Morgan, K. (Karen), Moschonis, G. (George), Mossakowska, M. (Malgorzata), Mostafa, A. (Aya), Mota, J. (Jorge), Motlagh, M. E. (Mohammad Esmaeel), Motta, J. (Jorge), Muiesan, M. L. (Maria L.), Mueller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Murphy, N. (Neil), Mursu, J. (Jaakko), Musil, V. (Vera), Nagel, G. (Gabriele), Naidu, B. M. (Balkish M.), Nakamura, H. (Harunobu), Namsna, J. (Jana), Nang, E. E. (Ei Ei K.), Nangia, V. B. (Vinay B.), Narake, S. (Sameer), Maria Navarrete-Munoz, E. (Eva), Ndiaye, N. C. (Ndeye Coumba), Neal, W. A. (William A.), Nenko, I. (Ilona), Nervi, F. (Flavio), Nguyen, N. D. (Nguyen D.), Nieto-Martinez, R. E. (Ramfis E.), Niiranen, T. J. (Teemu J.), Ning, G. (Guang), Ninomiya, T. (Toshiharu), Nishtar, S. (Sania), Noale, M. (Marianna), Noboa, O. A. (Oscar A.), Noorbala, A. A. (Ahmad Ali), Norat, T. (Teresa), Noto, D. (Davide), Al Nsour, M. (Mohannad), O'Reilly, D. (Dermot), Oh, K. (Kyungwon), Olinto, M. T. (Maria Teresa A.), Oliveira, I. O. (Isabel O.), Omar, M. A. (Mohd Azahadi), Onat, A. (Altan), Ordunez, P. (Pedro), Osmond, C. (Clive), Ostojic, S. M. (Sergej M.), Otero, J. A. (Johanna A.), Overvad, K. (Kim), Owusu-Dabo, E. (Ellis), Paccaud, F. M. (Fred Michel), Padez, C. (Cristina), Pahomova, E. (Elena), Pajak, A. (Andrzej), Palli, D. (Domenico), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Panza, F. (Francesco), Papandreou, D. (Dimitrios), Parnell, W. R. (Winsome R.), Parsaeian, M. (Mahboubeh), Pecin, I. (Ivan), Pednekar, M. S. (Mangesh S.), Peer, N. (Nasheeta), Peeters, P. H. (Petra H.), Peixoto, S. V. (Sergio Viana), Pelletier, C. (Catherine), Peltonen, M. (Markku), Pereira, A. C. (Alexandre C.), Marina Perez, R. (Rosa), Peters, A. (Annette), Petkeviciene, J. (Janina), Pigeot, I. (Iris), Pikhart, H. (Hynek), Pilav, A. (Aida), Pilotto, L. (Lorenza), Pitakaka, F. (Freda), Plans-Rubio, P. (Pedro), Polakowska, M. (Maria), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Porta, M. (Miquel), Portegies, M. L. (Marileen L. P.), Pourshams, A. (Akram), Pradeepa, R. (Rajendra), Prashant, M. (Mathur), Price, J. F. (Jacqueline F.), Puiu, M. (Maria), Punab, M. (Margus), Qasrawi, R. F. (Radwan F.), Qorbani, M. (Mostafa), Radic, I. (Ivana), Radisauskas, R. (Ricardas), Rahman, M. (Mahfuzar), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Raj, M. (Manu), Rao, S. R. (Sudha Ramachandra), Ramos, E. (Elisabete), Rampal, S. (Sanjay), Rangel Reina, D. A. (Daniel A.), Rasmussen, F. (Finn), Redon, J. (Josep), Reganit, P. F. (Paul Ferdinand M.), Ribeiro, R. (Robespierre), Riboli, E. (Elio), Rigo, F. (Fernando), de Wit, T. F. (Tobias F. Rinke), Ritti-Dias, R. M. (Raphael M.), Robinson, S. M. (Sian M.), Robitaille, C. (Cynthia), Rodriguez-Artalejo, F. (Fernando), Rodriguez-Villamizar, L. A. (Laura A.), Rojas-Martinez, R. (Rosalba), Rosengren, A. (Annika), Rubinstein, A. (Adolfo), Rui, O. (Ornelas), Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, B. (Blanca), Russo Horimoto, A. R. (Andrea R. V.), Rutkowski, M. (Marcin), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sachdev, H. S. (Harshpal S.), Saidi, O. (Olfa), Sakarya, S. (Sibel), Salanave, B. (Benoit), Salazar Martinez, E. (Eduardo), Salmeron, D. (Diego), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Salonen, J. T. (Jukka T.), Salvetti, M. (Massimo), Sanchez-Abanto, J. (Jose), Sans, S. (Susana), Santos, D. (Diana), Santos, I. S. (Ina S.), dos Santos, R. N. (Renata Nunes), Santos, R. (Rute), Saramies, J. L. (Jouko L.), Sardinha, L. B. (Luis B.), Margolis, G. S. (Giselle Sarganas), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Saum, K.-U. (Kai-Uwe), Savva, S. C. (Savvas C.), Scazufca, M. (Marcia), Schargrodsky, H. (Herman), Schneider, I. J. (Ione J.), Schultsz, C. (Constance), Schutte, A. E. (Aletta E.), Sen, A. (Abhijit), Senbanjo, I. O. (Idowu O.), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Sharma, S. K. (Sanjib K.), Shaw, J. E. (Jonathan E.), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shin, D. W. (Dong Wook), Shin, Y. (Youchan), Siantar, R. (Rosalynn), Sibai, A. M. (Abla M.), Santos Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto), Simon, M. (Mary), Simons, J. (Judith), Simons, L. A. (Leon A.), Sjotrom, M. (Michael), Skovbjerg, S. (Sine), Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. (Jolanta), Slusarczyk, P. (Przemyslaw), Smith, M. C. (Margaret C.), Snijder, M. B. (Marieke B.), So, H.-K. (Hung-Kwan), Sobngwi, E. (Eugene), Soderberg, S. (Stefan), Solfrizzi, V. (Vincenzo), Sonestedt, E. (Emily), Song, Y. (Yi), Sorensen, T. I. (Thorkild I. A.), Jerome, C. S. (Charles Sossa), Soumare, A. (Aicha), Staessen, J. A. (Jan A.), Starc, G. (Gregor), Stathopoulou, M. G. (Maria G.), Stavreski, B. (Bill), Steene-Johannessen, J. (Jostein), Stehle, P. (Peter), Stein, A. D. (Aryeh D.), Stergiou, G. S. (George S.), Stessman, J. (Jochanan), Stieber, J. (Jutta), Stoeckl, D. (Doris), Stocks, T. (Tanja), Stokwiszewski, J. (Jakub), Stronks, K. (Karien), Strufaldi, M. W. (Maria Wany), Sun, C.-A. (Chien-An), Sung, Y.-T. (Yn-Tz), Suriyawongpaisal, P. (Paibul), Sy, R. G. (Rody G.), Tai, E. S. (E. Shyong), Tammesoo, M.-L. (Mari-Liis), Tamosiunas, A. (Abdonas), Tang, L. (Line), Tang, X. (Xun), Tanser, F. (Frank), Tao, Y. (Yong), Tarawneh, M. R. (Mohammed Rasoul), Tarqui-Mamani, C. B. (Carolina B.), Taylor, A. (Anne), Theobald, H. (Holger), Thijs, L. (Lutgarde), Thuesen, B. H. (Betina H.), Tjonneland, A. (Anne), Tolonen, H. K. (Hanna K.), Topbas, M. (Murat), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Jose Tormo, M. (Maria), Torrent, M. (Maties), Traissac, P. (Pierre), Trichopoulos, D. (Dimitrios), Trichopoulou, A. (Antonia), Trinh, O. T. (Oanh T. H.), Trivedi, A. (Atul), Tshepo, L. (Lechaba), Tulloch-Reid, M. K. (Marshall K.), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Turley, M. L. (Maria L.), Tynelius, P. (Per), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Ueda, P. (Peter), Ugel, E. (Eunice), Ulmer, H. (Hanno), Uusitalo, H. M. (Hannu M. T.), Valdivia, G. (Gonzalo), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), van der Schouw, Y. T. (Yvonne T.), Van Herck, K. (Koen), van Rossem, L. (Lenie), van Valkengoed, I. G. (Irene G. M.), Vanderschueren, D. (Dirk), Vanuzzo, D. (Diego), Vatten, L. (Lars), Vega, T. (Tomas), Velasquez-Melendez, G. (Gustavo), Veronesi, G. (Giovanni), Verschuren, W. M. (W. M. Monique), Verstraeten, R. (Roosmarijn), Victora, C. G. (Cesar G.), Viet, L. (Lucie), Viikari-Juntura, E. (Eira), Vineis, P. (Paolo), Vioque, J. (Jesus), Virtanen, J. K. (Jyrki K.), Visvikis-Siest, S. (Sophie), Viswanathan, B. (Bharathi), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Vrdoljak, A. (Ana), Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Wade, A. N. (Alisha N.), Wagner, A. (Aline), Walton, J. (Janette), Mohamud, W. N. (Wan Nazaimoon Wan), Wang, M.-D. (Ming-Dong), Wang, Q. (Qian), Wang, Y. X. (Ya Xing), Wannamethee, S. G. (S. Goya), Wareham, N. (Nicholas), Wederkopp, N. (Niels), Weerasekera, D. (Deepa), Whincup, P. H. (Peter H.), Widhalm, K. (Kurt), Widyahening, I. S. (Indah S.), Wiecek, A. (Andrzej), Wijga, A. H. (Alet H.), Wilks, R. J. (Rainford J.), Willeit, P. (Peter), Williams, E. A. (Emmanuel A.), Wilsgaard, T. (Tom), Wojtyniak, B. (Bogdan), Wong, T. Y. (Tien Yin), Wong-McClure, R. A. (Roy A.), Woo, J. (Jean), Wu, A. G. (Aleksander Giwercman), Wu, F. C. (Frederick C.), Wu, S. L. (Shou Ling), Xu, H. (Haiquan), Yan, W. (Weili), Yang, X. (Xiaoguang), Ye, X. (Xingwang), Yiallouros, P. K. (Panayiotis K.), Yoshihara, A. (Akihiro), Younger-Coleman, N. O. (Novie O.), Yusoff, A. F. (Ahmad F.), Zambon, S. (Sabina), Zdrojewski, T. (Tomasz), Zeng, Y. (Yi), Zhao, D. (Dong), Zhao, W. (Wenhua), Zheng, Y. (Yingffeng), Zhu, D. (Dan), Zimmermann, E. (Esther), Zuniga Cisneros, J. (Julio), Zhou, B. (Bin), Bentham, J. (James), Di Cesare, M. (Mariachiara), Bixby, H. (Honor), Danaei, G. (Goodarz), Cowan, M. J. (Melanie J.), Paciorek, C. J. (Christopher J.), Singh, G. (Gitanjali), Hajifathalian, K. (Kaveh), Bennett, J. E. (James E.), Taddei, C. (Cristina), Bilano, V. (Ver), Carrillo-Larco, R. M. (Rodrigo M.), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Khatibzadeh, S. (Shahab), Lugero, C. (Charles), Peykari, N. (Niloofar), Zhang, W. Z. (Wan Zhu), Lu, Y. (Yuan), Stevens, G. A. (Gretchen A.), Riley, L. M. (Leanne M.), Bovet, P. (Pascal), Elliott, P. (Paul), Gu, D. (Dongfeng), Ikeda, N. (Nayu), Jackson, R. T. (Rod T.), Joffres, M. (Michel), Kengne, A. P. (Andre Pascal), Laatikainen, T. (Tiina), Lam, T. H. (Tai Hing), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Liu, J. (Jing), Miranda, J. J. (J. Jaime), Mondo, C. K. (Charles K.), Neuhauser, H. K. (Hannelore K.), Sundstrom, J. (Johan), Smeeth, L. (Liam), Soric, M. (Maroje), Woodward, M. (Mark), Ezzati, M. (Majid), Abarca-Gomez, L. (Leandra), Abdeen, Z. A. (Ziad A.), Rahim, H. A. (Hanan Abdul), Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. (Niveen M.), Acosta-Cazares, B. (Benjamin), Adams, R. (Robert), Aekplakorn, W. (Wichai), Afsana, K. (Kaosar), Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (Carlos A.), Agyemang, C. (Charles), Ahmadvand, A. (Alireza), Ahrens, W. (Wolfgang), Al Raddadi, R. (Rajaa), Al Woyatan, R. (Rihab), Ali, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Alkerwi, A. (Ala'a), Aly, E. (Eman), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Amuzu, A. (Antoinette), Andersen, L. B. (Lars Bo), Anderssen, S. A. (Sigmund A.), Angquist, L. (Lars), Anjana, R. M. (Ranjit Mohan), Ansong, D. (Daniel), Aounallah-Skhiri, H. (Hajer), Araujo, J. (Joana), Ariansen, I. (Inger), Aris, T. (Tahir), Arlappa, N. (Nimmathota), Aryal, K. (Krishna), Arveiler, D. (Dominique), Assah, F. K. (Felix K.), Assuncao, M. C. (Maria Cecilia F.), Avdicova, M. (Maria), Azevedo, A. (Ana), Azizi, F. (Fereidoun), Babu, B. V. (Bontha V.), Bahijri, S. (Suhad), Balakrishna, N. (Nagalla), Bandosz, P. (Piotr), Banegas, J. R. (Jose R.), Barbagallo, C. M. (Carlo M.), Barcelo, A. (Alberto), Barkat, A. (Amina), Barros, A. J. (Aluisio J. D.), Barros, M. V. (Mauro V.), Bata, I. (Iqbal), Batieha, A. M. (Anwar M.), Baur, L. A. (Louise A.), Beaglehole, R. (Robert), Ben Romdhane, H. (Habiba), Benet, M. (Mikhail), Benson, L. S. (Lowell S.), Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (Antonio), Bernotiene, G. (Gailute), Bettiol, H. (Heloisa), Bhagyalaxmi, A. (Aroor), Bharadwaj, S. (Sumit), Bhargava, S. K. (Santosh K.), Bi, Y. (Yufang), Bikbov, M. (Mukharram), Bjerregaard, P. (Peter), Bjertness, E. (Espen), Bjokelund, C. (Cecilia), Blokstra, A. (Anneke), Bo, S. (Simona), Bobak, M. (Martin), Boeing, H. (Heiner), Boggia, J. G. (Jose G.), Boissonnet, C. P. (Carlos P.), Bongard, V. (Vanina), Braeckman, L. (Lutgart), Brajkovich, I. (Imperia), Branca, F. (Francesco), Breckenkamp, J. (Juergen), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brewster, L. M. (Lizzy M.), Bruno, G. (Graziella), Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. (H. B. (as)), Bugge, A. (Anna), Burns, C. (Con), Bursztyn, M. (Michael), de Leon, A. C. (Antonio Cabrera), Cameron, C. (Christine), Can, G. (Gunay), Candido, A. P. (Ana Paula C.), Capuano, V. (Vincenzo), Cardoso, V. C. (Viviane C.), Carlsson, A. C. (Axel C.), Carvalho, M. J. (Maria J.), Casanueva, F. F. (Felipe F.), Casas, J.-P. (Juan-Pablo), Caserta, C. A. (Carmelo A.), Chamukuttan, S. (Snehalatha), Chan, A. W. (Angelique W.), Chan, Q. (Queenie), Chaturvedi, H. K. (Himanshu K.), Chaturvedi, N. (Nishi), Chen, C.-J. (Chien-Jen), Chen, F. (Fangfang), Chen, H. (Huashuai), Chen, S. (Shuohua), Chen, Z. (Zhengming), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Dekkaki, I. C. (Imane Cherkaoui), Chetrit, A. (Angela), Chiolero, A. (Arnaud), Chiou, S.-T. (Shu-Ti), Chirita-Emandi, A. (Adela), Cho, B. (Belong), Cho, Y. (Yumi), Chudek, J. (Jerzy), Cifkova, R. (Renata), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clays, E. (Els), Concin, H. (Hans), Cooper, C. (Cyrus), Cooper, R. (Rachel), Coppinger, T. C. (Tara C.), Costanzo, S. (Simona), Cottel, D. (Dominique), Cowell, C. (Chris), Craig, C. L. (Cora L.), Crujeiras, A. B. (Ana B.), Cruz, J. J. (Juan J.), D'Arrigo, G. (Graziella), d'Orsi, E. (Eleonora), Dallongeville, J. (Jean), Damasceno, A. (Albertino), Dankner, R. (Rachel), Dantoft, T. M. (Thomas M.), Dauchet, L. (Luc), De Backer, G. (Guy), de Gaetano, G. (Giovanni), De Henauw, S. (Stefaan), De Smedt, D. (Delphine), Deepa, M. (Mohan), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Delisle, H. (Helene), Deschamps, V. (Valerie), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Di Castelnuovo, A. F. (Augusto F.), Dias-da-Costa, J. S. (Juvenal Soares), Diaz, A. (Alejandro), Dickerson, T. T. (Ty T.), Do, H. T. (Ha T. P.), Dobson, A. J. (Annette J.), Donfrancesco, C. (Chiara), Donoso, S. P. (Silvana P.), Doering, A. (Angela), Doua, K. (Kouamelan), Drygas, W. (Wojciech), Dulskiene, V. (Virginija), Dzakula, A. (Aleksandar), Dzerve, V. (Vilnis), Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. (Elzbieta), Eggertsen, R. (Robert), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), El Ati, J. (Jalila), Ellert, U. (Ute), Elosua, R. (Roberto), Erasmus, R. T. (Rajiv T.), Erem, C. (Cihangir), Eriksen, L. (Louise), Escobedo-de la Pena, J. (Jorge), Evans, A. (Alun), Faeh, D. (David), Fall, C. H. (Caroline H.), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Felix-Redondo, F. J. (Francisco J.), Ferguson, T. S. (Trevor S.), Fernandez-Berges, D. (Daniel), Ferrante, D. (Daniel), Ferrari, M. (Marika), Ferreccio, C. (Catterina), Ferrieres, J. (Jean), Finn, J. D. (Joseph D.), Fischer, K. (Krista), Foeger, B. (Bernhard), Foo, L. H. (Leng Huat), Forslund, A.-S. (Ann-Sofie), Forsner, M. (Maria), Fortmann, S. P. (Stephen P.), Fouad, H. M. (Heba M.), Francis, D. K. (Damian K.), Franco, M. d. (Maria do Carmo), Franco, O. H. (Oscar H.), Frontera, G. (Guillermo), Fuchs, F. D. (Flavio D.), Fuchs, S. C. (Sandra C.), Fujita, Y. (Yuki), Furusawa, T. (Takuro), Gaciong, Z. (Zbigniew), Gareta, D. (Dickman), Garnett, S. P. (Sarah P.), Gaspoz, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Gasull, M. (Magda), Gates, L. (Louise), Gavrila, D. (Diana), Geleijnse, J. M. (Johanna M.), Ghasemian, A. (Anoosheh), Ghimire, A. (Anup), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Gianfagna, F. (Francesco), Giovannelli, J. (Jonathan), Goldsmith, R. A. (Rebecca A.), Goncalves, H. (Helen), Gonzalez Gross, M. (Marcela), Gonzalez Rivas, J. P. (Juan P.), Gottrand, F. (Frederic), Graff-Iversen, S. (Sidsel), Grafnetter, D. (Dusan), Grajda, A. (Aneta), Gregor, R. D. (Ronald D.), Grodzicki, T. (Tomasz), Grontved, A. (Anders), Gruden, G. (Grabriella), Grujic, V. (Vera), Guan, O. P. (Ong Peng), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guerrero, R. (Ramiro), Guessous, I. (Idris), Guimaraes, A. L. (Andre L.), Gulliford, M. C. (Martin C.), Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (Johanna), Gunter, M. (Marc), Gupta, P. C. (Prakash C.), Gureje, O. (Oye), Gurzkowska, B. (Beata), Gutierrez, L. (Laura), Gutzwiller, F. (Felix), Hadaegh, F. (Farzad), Halkjaer, J. (Jytte), Hambleton, I. R. (Ian R.), Hardy, R. (Rebecca), Harikumar, R. (Rachakulla), Hata, J. (Jun), Hayes, A. J. (Alison J.), He, J. (Jiang), Hendriks, M. E. (Marleen Elisabeth), Henriques, A. (Ana), Hernandez Cadena, L. (Leticia), . (), Herrala, S. (Sauli), Heshmat, R. (Ramin), Hihtaniemi, I. T. (Ilpo Tapani), Ho, S. Y. (Sai Yin), Ho, S. C. (Suzanne C.), Hobbs, M. (Michael), Hofman, A. (Albert), Dinc, G. H. (Gonul Horasan), Hormiga, C. M. (Claudia M.), Horta, B. L. (Bernardo L.), Houti, L. (Leila), Howitt, C. (Christina), Htay, T. T. (Thein Thein), Htet, A. S. (Aung Soe), Hu, Y. (Yonghua), Maria Huerta, J. (Jose), Husseini, A. S. (Abdullatif S.), Huybrechts, I. (Inge), Hwalla, N. (Nahla), Iacoviello, L. (Licia), Iannone, A. G. (Anna G.), Ibrahim, M. M. (M. Mohsen), Ikram, M. A. (M. Arfan), Irazola, V. E. (Vilma E.), Islam, M. (Muhammad), Ivkovic, V. (Vanja), Iwasaki, M. (Masanori), Jacobs, J. M. (Jeremy M.), Jafar, T. (Tazeen), Jamrozik, K. (Konrad), Janszky, I. (Imre), Jasienska, G. (Grazyna), Jelakovic, B. (Bojan), Jiang, C. Q. (Chao Qiang), Johansson, M. (Mattias), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jorgensen, T. (Torben), Joshi, P. (Pradeep), Juolevi, A. (Anne), Jurak, G. (Gregor), Juresa, V. (Vesna), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kafatos, A. (Anthony), Kalter-Leibovici, O. (Ofra), Kamaruddin, N. A. (Nor Azmi), Kasaeian, A. (Amir), Katz, J. (Joanne), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Kaur, P. (Prabhdeep), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Kazakbaeva, G. (Gyulli), Keil, U. (Ulrich), Boker, L. K. (Lital Keinan), Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Kelishadi, R. (Roya), Kemper, H. C. (Han C. G.), Kersting, M. (Mathilde), Key, T. (Timothy), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalili, D. (Davood), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Killewo, J. (Japhet), Kim, J. (Jeongseon), Klumbiene, J. (Jurate), Kolle, E. (Elin), Kolsteren, P. (Patrick), Korrovits, P. (Paul), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kouda, K. (Katsuyasu), Koziel, S. (Slawomir), Kristensen, P. L. (Peter Lund), Krokstad, S. (Steinar), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Kruger, H. S. (Herculina S.), Kubinova, R. (Ruzena), Kuciene, R. (Renata), Kuh, D. (Diana), Kujala, U. M. (Urho M.), Kula, K. (Krzysztof), Kulaga, Z. (Zbigniew), Kumar, R. K. (R. Krishna), Kurjata, P. (Pawel), Kusuma, Y. S. (Yadlapalli S.), Kuulasmaa, K. (Kari), Kyobutungi, C. (Catherine), Lachat, C. (Carl), Landrove, O. (Orlando), Lanska, V. (Vera), Lappas, G. (Georg), Larijani, B. (Bagher), Laugsand, L. E. (Lars E.), Le, T. D. (Tuyen D.), Leclercq, C. (Catherine), Lee, J. (Jeannette), Lee, J. (Jeonghee), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Lekhraj, R. (Rampal), Leon-Munoz, L. M. (Luz M.), Levitt, N. S. (Naomi S.), Li, Y. (Yanping), Lilly, C. L. (Christa L.), Lim, W.-Y. (Wei-Yen), Fernanda Lima-Costa, M. (M.), Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lin, X. (Xu), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Lissner, L. (Lauren), Litwin, M. (Mieczyslaw), Lorbeer, R. (Roberto), Lotufo, P. A. (Paulo A.), Eugenio Lozano, J. (Jose), Luksiene, D. (Dalia), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Lunet, N. (Nuno), Lytsy, P. (Per), Ma, G. (Guansheng), Ma, J. (Jun), Machado-Coelho, G. L. (George L. L.), Machi, S. (Suka), Maggi, S. (Stefania), Magliano, D. J. (Dianna J.), Majer, M. (Marjeta), Makdisse, M. (Marcia), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Malhotra, R. (Rahul), Rao, K. M. (Kodavanti Mallikharjuna), Malyutina, S. (Sofia), Manios, Y. (Yannis), Mann, J. I. (Jim I.), Manzato, E. (Enzo), Margozzini, P. (Paula), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Marrugat, J. (Jaume), Martorell, R. (Reynaldo), Mathiesen, E. B. (Ellisiv B.), Matijasevich, A. (Alicia), Matsha, T. E. (Tandi E.), Mbanya, J. C. (Jean Claude N.), Posso, A. J. (Anselmo J. Mc Donald), McFarlane, S. R. (Shelly R.), McGarvey, S. T. (Stephen T.), McLachlan, S. (Stela), McLean, R. M. (Rachael M.), McNulty, B. A. (Breige A.), Khir, A. S. (Amir Sharifuddin Md), Mediene-Benchekor, S. (Sounnia), Medzioniene, J. (Jurate), Meirhaeghe, A. (Aline), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Menezes, A. M. (Ana Maria B.), Menon, G. R. (Geetha R.), Meshram, I. I. (Indrapal I.), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Mi, J. (Jie), Mikkel, K. (Kairit), Miller, J. C. (Jody C.), Francisco Miquel, J. (Juan), Jaime Miranda, J. (J.), Misigoj-Durakovic, M. (Marjeta), Mohamed, M. K. (Mostafa K.), Mohammad, K. (Kazem), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohan, V. (Viswanathan), Yusoff, M. F. (Muhammad Fadhli Mohd), Moller, N. C. (Niels C.), Molnar, D. (Denes), Momenan, A. (Amirabbas), Monyeki, K. D. (Kotsedi Daniel K.), Moreira, L. B. (Leila B.), Morejon, A. (Alain), Moreno, L. A. (Luis A.), Morgan, K. (Karen), Moschonis, G. (George), Mossakowska, M. (Malgorzata), Mostafa, A. (Aya), Mota, J. (Jorge), Motlagh, M. E. (Mohammad Esmaeel), Motta, J. (Jorge), Muiesan, M. L. (Maria L.), Mueller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Murphy, N. (Neil), Mursu, J. (Jaakko), Musil, V. (Vera), Nagel, G. (Gabriele), Naidu, B. M. (Balkish M.), Nakamura, H. (Harunobu), Namsna, J. (Jana), Nang, E. E. (Ei Ei K.), Nangia, V. B. (Vinay B.), Narake, S. (Sameer), Maria Navarrete-Munoz, E. (Eva), Ndiaye, N. C. (Ndeye Coumba), Neal, W. A. (William A.), Nenko, I. (Ilona), Nervi, F. (Flavio), Nguyen, N. D. (Nguyen D.), Nieto-Martinez, R. E. (Ramfis E.), Niiranen, T. J. (Teemu J.), Ning, G. (Guang), Ninomiya, T. (Toshiharu), Nishtar, S. (Sania), Noale, M. (Marianna), Noboa, O. A. (Oscar A.), Noorbala, A. A. (Ahmad Ali), Norat, T. (Teresa), Noto, D. (Davide), Al Nsour, M. (Mohannad), O'Reilly, D. (Dermot), Oh, K. (Kyungwon), Olinto, M. T. (Maria Teresa A.), Oliveira, I. O. (Isabel O.), Omar, M. A. (Mohd Azahadi), Onat, A. (Altan), Ordunez, P. (Pedro), Osmond, C. (Clive), Ostojic, S. M. (Sergej M.), Otero, J. A. (Johanna A.), Overvad, K. (Kim), Owusu-Dabo, E. (Ellis), Paccaud, F. M. (Fred Michel), Padez, C. (Cristina), Pahomova, E. (Elena), Pajak, A. (Andrzej), Palli, D. (Domenico), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Panza, F. (Francesco), Papandreou, D. (Dimitrios), Parnell, W. R. (Winsome R.), Parsaeian, M. (Mahboubeh), Pecin, I. (Ivan), Pednekar, M. S. (Mangesh S.), Peer, N. (Nasheeta), Peeters, P. H. (Petra H.), Peixoto, S. V. (Sergio Viana), Pelletier, C. (Catherine), Peltonen, M. (Markku), Pereira, A. C. (Alexandre C.), Marina Perez, R. (Rosa), Peters, A. (Annette), Petkeviciene, J. (Janina), Pigeot, I. (Iris), Pikhart, H. (Hynek), Pilav, A. (Aida), Pilotto, L. (Lorenza), Pitakaka, F. (Freda), Plans-Rubio, P. (Pedro), Polakowska, M. (Maria), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Porta, M. (Miquel), Portegies, M. L. (Marileen L. P.), Pourshams, A. (Akram), Pradeepa, R. (Rajendra), Prashant, M. (Mathur), Price, J. F. (Jacqueline F.), Puiu, M. (Maria), Punab, M. (Margus), Qasrawi, R. F. (Radwan F.), Qorbani, M. (Mostafa), Radic, I. (Ivana), Radisauskas, R. (Ricardas), Rahman, M. (Mahfuzar), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Raj, M. (Manu), Rao, S. R. (Sudha Ramachandra), Ramos, E. (Elisabete), Rampal, S. (Sanjay), Rangel Reina, D. A. (Daniel A.), Rasmussen, F. (Finn), Redon, J. (Josep), Reganit, P. F. (Paul Ferdinand M.), Ribeiro, R. (Robespierre), Riboli, E. (Elio), Rigo, F. (Fernando), de Wit, T. F. (Tobias F. Rinke), Ritti-Dias, R. M. (Raphael M.), Robinson, S. M. (Sian M.), Robitaille, C. (Cynthia), Rodriguez-Artalejo, F. (Fernando), Rodriguez-Villamizar, L. A. (Laura A.), Rojas-Martinez, R. (Rosalba), Rosengren, A. (Annika), Rubinstein, A. (Adolfo), Rui, O. (Ornelas), Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, B. (Blanca), Russo Horimoto, A. R. (Andrea R. V.), Rutkowski, M. (Marcin), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sachdev, H. S. (Harshpal S.), Saidi, O. (Olfa), Sakarya, S. (Sibel), Salanave, B. (Benoit), Salazar Martinez, E. (Eduardo), Salmeron, D. (Diego), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Salonen, J. T. (Jukka T.), Salvetti, M. (Massimo), Sanchez-Abanto, J. (Jose), Sans, S. (Susana), Santos, D. (Diana), Santos, I. S. (Ina S.), dos Santos, R. N. (Renata Nunes), Santos, R. (Rute), Saramies, J. L. (Jouko L.), Sardinha, L. B. (Luis B.), Margolis, G. S. (Giselle Sarganas), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Saum, K.-U. (Kai-Uwe), Savva, S. C. (Savvas C.), Scazufca, M. (Marcia), Schargrodsky, H. (Herman), Schneider, I. J. (Ione J.), Schultsz, C. (Constance), Schutte, A. E. (Aletta E.), Sen, A. (Abhijit), Senbanjo, I. O. (Idowu O.), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Sharma, S. K. (Sanjib K.), Shaw, J. E. (Jonathan E.), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shin, D. W. (Dong Wook), Shin, Y. (Youchan), Siantar, R. (Rosalynn), Sibai, A. M. (Abla M.), Santos Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto), Simon, M. (Mary), Simons, J. (Judith), Simons, L. A. (Leon A.), Sjotrom, M. (Michael), Skovbjerg, S. (Sine), Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. (Jolanta), Slusarczyk, P. (Przemyslaw), Smith, M. C. (Margaret C.), Snijder, M. B. (Marieke B.), So, H.-K. (Hung-Kwan), Sobngwi, E. (Eugene), Soderberg, S. (Stefan), Solfrizzi, V. (Vincenzo), Sonestedt, E. (Emily), Song, Y. (Yi), Sorensen, T. I. (Thorkild I. A.), Jerome, C. S. (Charles Sossa), Soumare, A. (Aicha), Staessen, J. A. (Jan A.), Starc, G. (Gregor), Stathopoulou, M. G. (Maria G.), Stavreski, B. (Bill), Steene-Johannessen, J. (Jostein), Stehle, P. (Peter), Stein, A. D. (Aryeh D.), Stergiou, G. S. (George S.), Stessman, J. (Jochanan), Stieber, J. (Jutta), Stoeckl, D. (Doris), Stocks, T. (Tanja), Stokwiszewski, J. (Jakub), Stronks, K. (Karien), Strufaldi, M. W. (Maria Wany), Sun, C.-A. (Chien-An), Sung, Y.-T. (Yn-Tz), Suriyawongpaisal, P. (Paibul), Sy, R. G. (Rody G.), Tai, E. S. (E. Shyong), Tammesoo, M.-L. (Mari-Liis), Tamosiunas, A. (Abdonas), Tang, L. (Line), Tang, X. (Xun), Tanser, F. (Frank), Tao, Y. (Yong), Tarawneh, M. R. (Mohammed Rasoul), Tarqui-Mamani, C. B. (Carolina B.), Taylor, A. (Anne), Theobald, H. (Holger), Thijs, L. (Lutgarde), Thuesen, B. H. (Betina H.), Tjonneland, A. (Anne), Tolonen, H. K. (Hanna K.), Topbas, M. (Murat), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Jose Tormo, M. (Maria), Torrent, M. (Maties), Traissac, P. (Pierre), Trichopoulos, D. (Dimitrios), Trichopoulou, A. (Antonia), Trinh, O. T. (Oanh T. H.), Trivedi, A. (Atul), Tshepo, L. (Lechaba), Tulloch-Reid, M. K. (Marshall K.), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Turley, M. L. (Maria L.), Tynelius, P. (Per), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Ueda, P. (Peter), Ugel, E. (Eunice), Ulmer, H. (Hanno), Uusitalo, H. M. (Hannu M. T.), Valdivia, G. (Gonzalo), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), van der Schouw, Y. T. (Yvonne T.), Van Herck, K. (Koen), van Rossem, L. (Lenie), van Valkengoed, I. G. (Irene G. M.), Vanderschueren, D. (Dirk), Vanuzzo, D. (Diego), Vatten, L. (Lars), Vega, T. (Tomas), Velasquez-Melendez, G. (Gustavo), Veronesi, G. (Giovanni), Verschuren, W. M. (W. M. Monique), Verstraeten, R. (Roosmarijn), Victora, C. G. (Cesar G.), Viet, L. (Lucie), Viikari-Juntura, E. (Eira), Vineis, P. (Paolo), Vioque, J. (Jesus), Virtanen, J. K. (Jyrki K.), Visvikis-Siest, S. (Sophie), Viswanathan, B. (Bharathi), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Vrdoljak, A. (Ana), Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Wade, A. N. (Alisha N.), Wagner, A. (Aline), Walton, J. (Janette), Mohamud, W. N. (Wan Nazaimoon Wan), Wang, M.-D. (Ming-Dong), Wang, Q. (Qian), Wang, Y. X. (Ya Xing), Wannamethee, S. G. (S. Goya), Wareham, N. (Nicholas), Wederkopp, N. (Niels), Weerasekera, D. (Deepa), Whincup, P. H. (Peter H.), Widhalm, K. (Kurt), Widyahening, I. S. (Indah S.), Wiecek, A. (Andrzej), Wijga, A. H. (Alet H.), Wilks, R. J. (Rainford J.), Willeit, P. (Peter), Williams, E. A. (Emmanuel A.), Wilsgaard, T. (Tom), Wojtyniak, B. (Bogdan), Wong, T. Y. (Tien Yin), Wong-McClure, R. A. (Roy A.), Woo, J. (Jean), Wu, A. G. (Aleksander Giwercman), Wu, F. C. (Frederick C.), Wu, S. L. (Shou Ling), Xu, H. (Haiquan), Yan, W. (Weili), Yang, X. (Xiaoguang), Ye, X. (Xingwang), Yiallouros, P. K. (Panayiotis K.), Yoshihara, A. (Akihiro), Younger-Coleman, N. O. (Novie O.), Yusoff, A. F. (Ahmad F.), Zambon, S. (Sabina), Zdrojewski, T. (Tomasz), Zeng, Y. (Yi), Zhao, D. (Dong), Zhao, W. (Wenhua), Zheng, Y. (Yingffeng), Zhu, D. (Dan), Zimmermann, E. (Esther), and Zuniga Cisneros, J. (Julio)

Abstract

Background: Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods: For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings: We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19.1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127.0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125.7–128.3) in men and 122.3 mm Hg (121.0–123.6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78.7 mm Hg (77.9–79.5) for men and 76.7 mm Hg (75.9–77.6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24.1% (21.4–27.1) in men and 20.1% (17.8–22.5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in

Published
2017

5. K+Λ and K+Σ0 photoproduction with fine center-of-mass energy resolution

Author

Jude, T.C., Glazier, D.I., Watts, D.P., Aguar-Bartolomé, P., Akasoy, L.K., Annand, J.R.M., Arends, H.J., Bantawa, K., Beck, R., Bekrenev, V.S., Berghäuser, H., Braghieri, A., Branford, D., Briscoe, W.J., Brudvik, J., Cherepnya, S., Demissie, B.T., Dieterle, M., Downie, E.J., Fil'kov, L.V., Gregor, R., Heid, E., Hornidge, D., Jaegle, I., Jahn, O., Kashevarov, V.L., Keshelashvili, I., Kondratiev, R., Korolija, M., Koulbardis, A.A., Kruglov, S.P., Krusche, B., Lisin, V., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I.J.D., Maghrbi, Y., Manley, D.M., Marinides, Z., Mart, T., Martinez, M., McGeorge, J.C., McNicoll, E.F., Middleton, D.G., Mushkarenkov, A., Nefkens, B.M.K., Nikolaev, A., Nikonov, V.A., Oberle, M., Ostrick, M., Otte, P.B., Oussena, B., Pedroni, P., Pheron, F., Polonski, A., Prakhov, S., Robinson, J., Rosner, G., Rostomyan, T., Sarantsev, A.V., Schumann, S., Sikora, M.H., Sober, D.I., Starostin, A., Strakovsky, I., Suarez, I.M., Supek, I., Thiel, M., Thomas, A., Unverzagt, M., Werthmüller, D., Witthauer, L., and Zehr, F.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

Measurements of γp→K+Λ and γp→K+Σ0 cross-sections have been obtained with the photon tagging facility and the Crystal Ball calorimeter at MAMI-C. The measurement uses a novel K+ meson identification technique in which the weak decay products are characterized using the energy and timing characteristics of the energy deposit in the calorimeter, a method that has the potential to be applied at many other facilities. The fine center-of-mass energy (W) resolution and statistical accuracy of the new data results in a significant impact on partial wave analyses aiming to better establish the excitation spectrum of the nucleon. The new analyses disfavor a strong role for quark–diquark dynamics in the nucleon.

Published
2014

6. The relation of body mass index and abdominal adiposity with dyslipidemia in 27 general populations of the WHO MONICA Project

Author

Hobbs, M, Jamrozik, K, Thompson, P, Armstrong, B, de Backer, G, De Craene, I, Van Onsem, P, Van Parys, L, De Henauw, S, De Bacquer, D, Kornitzer, M, Berghmans, L, Bara, L, de Smet, P, Jeanjean, M, Brohet, C, Kulbertus, H, Degre, S, Lavenne, F, Jansens, D, Lefebvre, F, Beck, D, Wunsch, G, Bertrand, F, van Houte, M, Rime, B, Rorive, G, Hannot, R, Adrienne, A, Luyckx, A, Wolf, H, Gregor, R, Bata, I, Brownell, B, Webber, K, Skodova ́, Z, Pisa, Z, Berka, L, Cicha, Z, Cerovska ́, J, Emrova ́, R, Hoke, M, Hronkova, M, Pikhartova ́, J, Grafnetter, D, Poledne, R, Vojtisek, P, Vorlicek, J, Wiesner, E, Schroll, M, Kirchhoff, M, Sjøl, A, Quitsau Lund, S, Tuomilehto, J, Puska, P, Vartiainen, E, Korhonen, H, Jousilahti, M, Ducimetie`re, P, Richard, J, Bingham, A, Lang, T, Amouyel, P, Cottel, D, Nuttens, M, Marecaux, N, Dallongeville, J, Salomez, J, Montaye, M, Steclebout, C, Arveiler, D, Schaffer, P, Haas, V, Wagner, A, Lamamy, N, Savouret, M, Houset, M, Pierau, F, Goetz, V, Ferrie`res, J, Ruidavets, J, Cambou, J, Rodier, P, Saulet, C, Greiser, E, Herman, B, Stu ̈demann, G, Nu ̈ssel, E, Osto ̈r Lamm, E, Scheidt, R, Morgenstern, W, Stadler, M, Ganova, M, Keil, U, Tietze, M, Banos, R, Do ̈ring, A, Filipiak, B, Barth, W, Heinemann, L, Muche, J, Schmalfuss, S, Assmann, A, Bo ̈thig, S, Voigt, G, Brasche, S, Quietzsch, D, Classen, E, Sigfu ́sson, N, Gudmundsdo ́ttir, I, Stefa ́nsdo ́ttir, I, Thorsteinsson, T, Sigvaldason, H, Menotti, A, Giampaoli, S, Verdecchia, A, Righetti, G, De Pasquale, B, Di Raimo, P, Forte, E, Majetta, A, Vanuzzo, D, Feruglio, G, Pilotto, L, Cignacco, G, Marini, R, Zilio, G, Cesana, G, Ferrario, M, Sega, R, Mocarelli, P, Brambilla, P, Bluzhas, J, Domarkiene, S, Tamosiunas, A, Reklaitiene, R, Beaglehole, R, Jackson, R, Bonita, R, Stewart, A, Mahon, V, Bingley, W, Pajak, A, Sznajd, J, Kawalec, E, Pazucha, T, Malczewska, M, Mo ́rawska, I, Rywik, S, Broda, V, Polakowska, M, Kurjata, P, Varlamova, A, Britov, A, Konstantinov, V, Timofeeva, V, Alexandri, V, Konstantinova, O, Nikitin, Y, Malyutina, S, Gafarov, V, Feigin, V, Sans, S, Balaguer Vintro ́, V, Balana`, V, Gonzalez, V, Gomez, V, Borras, V, Rode ́s, A, Wilhelmsen, L, Harmsen, P, Rosengren, A, Lappas, G, Asplund, K, Huhtasaari, F, Stegmayr, B, Lundberg, V, Gutzwiller, F, Paccaud, F, Rickenbach, M, Wietlisbach, V, Barazzoni, F, Mainieri, F, Tullen, B, Evans, V, Mccrum, E, Falconer, T, Cashman, S, Patterson, C, Kerr, M, O’Reilly, D, Scott, A, Mcconville, M, Mcmillan, I, Mcmaster, D, Tunstall Pedoe, H, Smith, W, Tavendale, R, Crombie, V, Barrett, K, Brown, C, Shewry, M, Hannh, M, Morrisson, C, Planojevic, M, Jakovljevic, D, Svircevic, A, Mirilov, V, Strasser, V, Mendis, S, Martin8, I, Gyarfas8, V, Pı ́_sa8, V, Dodu8, S, Bo ̈thig8, S, Watson, M, Hill, M, Price, A, Kuulasmaa, K, Ruokokoski, E, Rajakangas, A, Ma ̈kinen, M, Virman Ojanen, T, Palonen, L, Akkila, J, Cepaitis, Z, Molarius, A, Moltchanov, V, Tolonen, H, Dobson, A, Fortmann, S, Shatchkute, A, Zaitsev, V, Epstein, F, Feinleib, M, Karvonen, M, Prineas, R, Williams, O, Hobbs, MST, Jamrozik, K., Thompson, PL, Armstrong, BK, Van Parys, L., Berghmans, L., Kulbertus, HE, Lefebvre, F., Wunsch, G., Bertrand, F., van Houte, M., Rime, B., Hannot, R., Wolf, HK, Gregor, RD, Bata, IR, Brownell, B., Pisa, Z., Berka, L., Cicha, Z., Hronkova, M., Pikhartova ́, J., Grafnetter, D., Poledne, R., Vojtisek, P., Vorlicek, J., Sjøl, A., Puska, P., Vartiainen, E., Korhonen, H., Richard, JL, Bingham, A., Cottel, D., Nuttens, MC, Marecaux, N., Dallongeville, J., Salomez, J. L., Montaye, M., Lamamy, N., Houset, M., Pierau, F., Ruidavets, JB, Cambou, JP, Rodier, P., Greiser, E., Herman, B., Nu ̈ssel, E., Osto ̈r Lamm, E., Scheidt, R., Morgenstern, W., Tietze, M., Banos, R., Do ̈ring, A., Muche, J., Schmalfuss, S., Assmann, A., Bo ̈thig, S., Voigt, G., Brasche, S., Quietzsch, D., Gudmundsdo ́ttir, II, Thorsteinsson, T., Sigvaldason H, Giampaoli, S., Righetti, G., De Pasquale, B., Forte, E., Feruglio, GA, Pilotto, L., Cignacco, G., Marini, R., Cesana, GC, Sega, R., BRAMBILLA, PAOLO, Domarkiene, S., Tamosiunas, A., Stewart, A., Kawalec, E., Pazucha, T., Malczewska, M., Rywik, SL, Broda,V, Polakowska, M., Britov, A., Nikitin, Y.u. P, Malyutina, S., Sans, S., Harmsen, P., Rosengren, A., Asplund, K., Huhtasaari, F., Stegmayr, B., Lundberg V, Paccaud, F., Rickenbach, M., Wietlisbach, V., Mainieri, F., McCrum, EE, Cashman, S., Patterson, C., Kerr, M., O’Reilly, D., Scott, A., McConville, M., McMillan, I., McMaster, D, Tunstall Pedoe, H., Smith, WCS, Tavendale, R., Barrett, K., Brown, C., Shewry, M., Hannh, M. K, Jakovljevic, D., Svircevic, A., Mirilov, V., Strasser, V., Mendis, S., Dodu8, S. R. A., Bo ̈thig8, S., Watson, M. J., Hill, M., Kuulasmaa, K., Tuomilehto, J., Rajakangas, A. M., Ma ̈kinen, M., Palonen, L., Cepaitis, Z., Molarius, A., Moltchanov, V., Dobson, A., Fortmann, SP, Epstein, FH, Karvonen, MJ, Prineas, RJ, Williams, OD, Hobbs, M, Jamrozik, K, Thompson, P, Armstrong, B, de Backer, G, De Craene, I, Van Onsem, P, Van Parys, L, De Henauw, S, De Bacquer, D, Kornitzer, M, Berghmans, L, Bara, L, de Smet, P, Jeanjean, M, Brohet, C, Kulbertus, H, Degre, S, Lavenne, F, Jansens, D, Lefebvre, F, Beck, D, Wunsch, G, Bertrand, F, van Houte, M, Rime, B, Rorive, G, Hannot, R, Adrienne, A, Luyckx, A, Wolf, H, Gregor, R, Bata, I, Brownell, B, Webber, K, Skodova ́, Z, Pisa, Z, Berka, L, Cicha, Z, Cerovska ́, J, Emrova ́, R, Hoke, M, Hronkova, M, Pikhartova ́, J, Grafnetter, D, Poledne, R, Vojtisek, P, Vorlicek, J, Wiesner, E, Schroll, M, Kirchhoff, M, Sjøl, A, Quitsau Lund, S, Tuomilehto, J, Puska, P, Vartiainen, E, Korhonen, H, Jousilahti, M, Ducimetie`re, P, Richard, J, Bingham, A, Lang, T, Amouyel, P, Cottel, D, Nuttens, M, Marecaux, N, Dallongeville, J, Salomez, J, Montaye, M, Steclebout, C, Arveiler, D, Schaffer, P, Haas, V, Wagner, A, Lamamy, N, Savouret, M, Houset, M, Pierau, F, Goetz, V, Ferrie`res, J, Ruidavets, J, Cambou, J, Rodier, P, Saulet, C, Greiser, E, Herman, B, Stu ̈demann, G, Nu ̈ssel, E, Osto ̈r Lamm, E, Scheidt, R, Morgenstern, W, Stadler, M, Ganova, M, Keil, U, Tietze, M, Banos, R, Do ̈ring, A, Filipiak, B, Barth, W, Heinemann, L, Muche, J, Schmalfuss, S, Assmann, A, Bo ̈thig, S, Voigt, G, Brasche, S, Quietzsch, D, Classen, E, Sigfu ́sson, N, Gudmundsdo ́ttir, I, Stefa ́nsdo ́ttir, I, Thorsteinsson, T, Sigvaldason, H, Menotti, A, Giampaoli, S, Verdecchia, A, Righetti, G, De Pasquale, B, Di Raimo, P, Forte, E, Majetta, A, Vanuzzo, D, Feruglio, G, Pilotto, L, Cignacco, G, Marini, R, Zilio, G, Cesana, G, Ferrario, M, Sega, R, Mocarelli, P, Brambilla, P, Bluzhas, J, Domarkiene, S, Tamosiunas, A, Reklaitiene, R, Beaglehole, R, Jackson, R, Bonita, R, Stewart, A, Mahon, V, Bingley, W, Pajak, A, Sznajd, J, Kawalec, E, Pazucha, T, Malczewska, M, Mo ́rawska, I, Rywik, S, Broda, V, Polakowska, M, Kurjata, P, Varlamova, A, Britov, A, Konstantinov, V, Timofeeva, V, Alexandri, V, Konstantinova, O, Nikitin, Y, Malyutina, S, Gafarov, V, Feigin, V, Sans, S, Balaguer Vintro ́, V, Balana`, V, Gonzalez, V, Gomez, V, Borras, V, Rode ́s, A, Wilhelmsen, L, Harmsen, P, Rosengren, A, Lappas, G, Asplund, K, Huhtasaari, F, Stegmayr, B, Lundberg, V, Gutzwiller, F, Paccaud, F, Rickenbach, M, Wietlisbach, V, Barazzoni, F, Mainieri, F, Tullen, B, Evans, V, Mccrum, E, Falconer, T, Cashman, S, Patterson, C, Kerr, M, O’Reilly, D, Scott, A, Mcconville, M, Mcmillan, I, Mcmaster, D, Tunstall Pedoe, H, Smith, W, Tavendale, R, Crombie, V, Barrett, K, Brown, C, Shewry, M, Hannh, M, Morrisson, C, Planojevic, M, Jakovljevic, D, Svircevic, A, Mirilov, V, Strasser, V, Mendis, S, Martin8, I, Gyarfas8, V, Pı ́_sa8, V, Dodu8, S, Bo ̈thig8, S, Watson, M, Hill, M, Price, A, Kuulasmaa, K, Ruokokoski, E, Rajakangas, A, Ma ̈kinen, M, Virman Ojanen, T, Palonen, L, Akkila, J, Cepaitis, Z, Molarius, A, Moltchanov, V, Tolonen, H, Dobson, A, Fortmann, S, Shatchkute, A, Zaitsev, V, Epstein, F, Feinleib, M, Karvonen, M, Prineas, R, Williams, O, Hobbs, MST, Jamrozik, K., Thompson, PL, Armstrong, BK, Van Parys, L., Berghmans, L., Kulbertus, HE, Lefebvre, F., Wunsch, G., Bertrand, F., van Houte, M., Rime, B., Hannot, R., Wolf, HK, Gregor, RD, Bata, IR, Brownell, B., Pisa, Z., Berka, L., Cicha, Z., Hronkova, M., Pikhartova ́, J., Grafnetter, D., Poledne, R., Vojtisek, P., Vorlicek, J., Sjøl, A., Puska, P., Vartiainen, E., Korhonen, H., Richard, JL, Bingham, A., Cottel, D., Nuttens, MC, Marecaux, N., Dallongeville, J., Salomez, J. L., Montaye, M., Lamamy, N., Houset, M., Pierau, F., Ruidavets, JB, Cambou, JP, Rodier, P., Greiser, E., Herman, B., Nu ̈ssel, E., Osto ̈r Lamm, E., Scheidt, R., Morgenstern, W., Tietze, M., Banos, R., Do ̈ring, A., Muche, J., Schmalfuss, S., Assmann, A., Bo ̈thig, S., Voigt, G., Brasche, S., Quietzsch, D., Gudmundsdo ́ttir, II, Thorsteinsson, T., Sigvaldason H, Giampaoli, S., Righetti, G., De Pasquale, B., Forte, E., Feruglio, GA, Pilotto, L., Cignacco, G., Marini, R., Cesana, GC, Sega, R., BRAMBILLA, PAOLO, Domarkiene, S., Tamosiunas, A., Stewart, A., Kawalec, E., Pazucha, T., Malczewska, M., Rywik, SL, Broda,V, Polakowska, M., Britov, A., Nikitin, Y.u. P, Malyutina, S., Sans, S., Harmsen, P., Rosengren, A., Asplund, K., Huhtasaari, F., Stegmayr, B., Lundberg V, Paccaud, F., Rickenbach, M., Wietlisbach, V., Mainieri, F., McCrum, EE, Cashman, S., Patterson, C., Kerr, M., O’Reilly, D., Scott, A., McConville, M., McMillan, I., McMaster, D, Tunstall Pedoe, H., Smith, WCS, Tavendale, R., Barrett, K., Brown, C., Shewry, M., Hannh, M. K, Jakovljevic, D., Svircevic, A., Mirilov, V., Strasser, V., Mendis, S., Dodu8, S. R. A., Bo ̈thig8, S., Watson, M. J., Hill, M., Kuulasmaa, K., Tuomilehto, J., Rajakangas, A. M., Ma ̈kinen, M., Palonen, L., Cepaitis, Z., Molarius, A., Moltchanov, V., Dobson, A., Fortmann, SP, Epstein, FH, Karvonen, MJ, Prineas, RJ, and Williams, OD

Abstract

Background and aims: The association between adiposity measures and dyslipidemia has seldom been assessed in a multipopulational setting. Methods and results: 27 populations from Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Canada (WHO MONICA project) using health surveys conducted between 1990 and 1997 in adults aged 35-64 years (n = 40,480). Dyslipidemia was defined as the total/HDL cholesterol ratio >6 (men) and >5 (women).Overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 25% in men and 23% in women. Logistic regression showed that dyslipidemia was strongly associated with body mass index (BMI) in men and with waist circumference (WC) in women, after adjusting for region, age and smoking. Among normal-weight men and women (BMI<25 kg/m2), an increase in the odds for being dyslipidemic was observed between lowest and highest WC quartiles (OR = 3.6, p < 0.001). Among obese men (BMI ≥ 30), the corresponding increase was smaller (OR = 1.2, p = 0.036). A similar weakening was observed among women. Classification tree analysis was performed to assign subjects into classes of risk for dyslipidemia. BMI thresholds (25.4 and 29.2 kg/m2) in men and WC thresholds (81.7 and 92.6 cm) in women came out at first stages. High WC (>84.8 cm) in normal-weight men, menopause in women and regular smoking further defined subgroups at increased risk. Conclusion: standard categories of BMI and WC, or their combinations, do not lead to optimal risk stratification for dyslipidemia in middle-age adults. Sex-specific adaptations are necessary, in particular by taking into account abdominal obesity in normal-weight men, post-menopausal age in women and regular smoking in both sexes

Published
2013

7. Linking profiles of pathway activation with clinical motor improvements - A retrospective computational study.

Author

Butenko K, Li N, Neudorfer C, Roediger J, Horn A, Wenzel GR, Eldebakey H, Kühn AA, Reich MM, Volkmann J, and Rienen UV

Subjects
Humans, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Subthalamic Nucleus physiology, Deep Brain Stimulation methods, Parkinson Disease therapy, Parkinson Disease etiology
Abstract

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease. In silico computer models for DBS hold the potential to inform a selection of stimulation parameters. In recent years, the focus has shifted towards DBS-induced firing in myelinated axons, deemed particularly relevant for the external modulation of neural activity., Objective: The aim of this project was to investigate correlations between patient-specific pathway activation profiles and clinical motor improvement., Methods: We used the concept of pathway activation modeling, which incorporates advanced volume conductor models and anatomically authentic fiber trajectories to estimate DBS-induced action potential initiation in anatomically plausible pathways that traverse in close proximity to targeted nuclei. We applied the method on two retrospective datasets of DBS patients, whose clinical improvement had been evaluated according to the motor part of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Based on differences in outcome and activation levels for intrapatient DBS protocols in a training cohort, we derived a pathway activation profile that theoretically induces a complete alleviation of symptoms described by UPDRS-III. The profile was further enhanced by analyzing the importance of matching activation levels for individual pathways., Results: The obtained profile emphasized the importance of activation in pathways descending from the motor-relevant cortical regions as well as the pallidothalamic pathways. The degree of similarity of patient-specific profiles to the optimal profile significantly correlated with clinical motor improvement in a test cohort., Conclusion: Pathway activation modeling has a translational utility in the context of motor symptom alleviation in Parkinson's patients treated with DBS., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest J.V. have business relationships with Medtronic, Abbott, and Boston Scientific, which are makers of DBS devices, outside the submitted work. A.A.K. reports personal fees and non-financial support from Medtronic, personal fees from Boston Scientific, grants and personal fees from Abbott, outside the submitted work. M.R. reports grant support and honoraria for speaking from Medtronic and Boston Scientific, outside the submitted work. A.H. reports lecture fees for Medtronic and Boston Scientific and is a consultant for AlphaOmega. G.R.W received travel expenses and attendance fees by Boston Scientific and Ipsen Pharma. K.B., N.L., C.N., J.R., H.E. and U.v.R. have nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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8. A novel ocular function for decorin in the aqueous humor outflow.

Author

Schneider M, Pawlak R, Weber GR, Dillinger AE, Kuespert S, Iozzo RV, Quigley HA, Ohlmann A, Tamm ER, and Fuchshofer R

Subjects
Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Gene Expression Regulation, Gene Knockout Techniques, Glaucoma, Open-Angle genetics, Glaucoma, Open-Angle metabolism, Humans, Mice, Primary Cell Culture, Signal Transduction, Trabecular Meshwork metabolism, Trabecular Meshwork pathology, Aqueous Humor metabolism, Decorin genetics, Glaucoma, Open-Angle pathology, Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism
Abstract

Primary open-angle glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of optic nerve axons, is a frequent cause of vision loss and blindness worldwide. Several randomized multicenter studies have identified intraocular pressure as the major risk factor for its development, caused by an increased outflow resistance to the aqueous humor within the trabecular meshwork. However, the molecular mechanism for increased outflow resistance in POAG has not been fully established. One of the proposed players is the pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, which is found in higher amounts in the aqueous humor of patients with POAG. In this study we elucidated the role of decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan and known antagonist of TGF-β, in the region of aqueous humor outflow tissue. Utilizing decorin deficient mice, we discovered that decorin modulated TGF-β signaling in the canonical outflow pathways and the lack of decorin in vivo caused an increase in intraocular pressure. Additionally, the Dcn -/- mice showed significant loss of optic nerve axons and morphological changes in the glial lamina, typical features of glaucoma. Moreover, using human trabecular meshwork cells we discovered that soluble decorin attenuated TGF-β2 mediated synthesis and expression of typical downstream target genes including CCN2/CTGF, FN and COL IV.  Finally, we found a negative reciprocal regulation of decorin and TGF-β, with a dramatic downregulation of decorin in the canonical outflow pathways of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Collectively, our results indicate that decorin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma and offers novel perspectives in the treatment of this serious disease., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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9. Current control designed with model based predictive control for six-phase motor drives.

Author

Ayala M, Doval-Gandoy J, Rodas J, Gonzalez O, and Gregor R

Abstract

Finite control set model-based predictive control techniques are distinguished by being an interesting alternative to traditional field oriented control techniques for multiphase drives due to their fast dynamic response and flexibility in the introduction of constraints. However, those predictive control techniques have some drawbacks regulating the (x-y) current components which can cause machine losses as well as a high computational burden. This paper presents a comparative study of an enhanced predictive current control technique with a conventional predictive control technique and two hybrid predictive control techniques applied to an asymmetrical six-phase induction motor drive in terms of current tracking, total harmonic distortion of stator currents and computational burden. Experimental results are reported to demonstrate the benefits of the different current control techniques by using the mean squared error and total harmonic distortion of stator currents as quality figures of merit and the number of floating point operations to measure the computational burden of each predictive control, thus concluding the advantages and limitations of each technique at transient and steady regimes., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2019 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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10. Trends in the in-hospital treatment of acute myocardial infarction between 1984 and 1993 - The Halifax County MONICA Project.

Author

Gregor RD, Bata IR, Brownell B, and Wolf HK

Subjects
Acute Disease, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists therapeutic use, Adult, Aged, Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary statistics & numerical data, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors therapeutic use, Calcium Channel Blockers therapeutic use, Coronary Artery Bypass statistics & numerical data, Diagnosis, Differential, Drug Utilization trends, Female, Hospital Mortality trends, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction mortality, Myocardial Infarction therapy, Myocardial Ischemia diagnosis, Myocardial Ischemia drug therapy, Myocardial Ischemia surgery, Nova Scotia epidemiology, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Syndrome, Cardiovascular Agents therapeutic use, Myocardial Ischemia mortality, Myocardial Ischemia therapy, Myocardial Revascularization statistics & numerical data, Thrombolytic Therapy statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Background: The Halifax County MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease (MONICA) Project found that between 1984 and 1988, the proportion of myocardial infarctions (MIs) that were fatal within 28 days remained constant, but declined between 1989 and 1993. The objective was to investigate association among case fatality, treatment and case severity of MI in hospitalized patients., Patients and Methods: The MONICA MI register contains data on demographics, health history, in-hospital investigations, interventions and treatment, and vital status at 28 days after onset of symptoms for all MIs occurring in residents of Halifax County, aged 25 to 74 years. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate trends in the use of cardioactive drugs and revascularization procedures. A case severity score was developed from patient characteristics at time of admission. Case fatality was calculated as the proportion of MIs that were fatal within 28 days., Results: Between 1984 and 1988, a large increase (OR 1.3) occurred in the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), thrombolysis and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA); a minor increase occurred in use of calcium channel blockers (OR=1.29, 99% CI 1.19 to 1.40); beta-blocker use decreased; case fatality remained constant and case severity score increased. From 1989 to 1993, ACE inhibitor use increased (OR=1.4, 99% CI 1.27 to 1.55); minor increases occurred in use of ASA and beta-blockers, and in PTCA and coronary artery bypass grafting; case severity did not change and case fatality decreased., Conclusions: While use of beneficial treatment increased between 1984 and 1988, MI case fatality did not decrease, probably because case severity increased. Between 1989 and 1993, case severity remained constant, and the further increase in the use of beneficial therapy was associated with a decline in case fatality.

Published
2000

11. Trends in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction between 1984 and 1993 - The Halifax County MONICA Project.

Author

Bata IR, Gregor RD, Eastwood BJ, and Wolf HK

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Incidence, Linear Models, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality trends, Myocardial Infarction mortality, Nova Scotia epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Myocardial Infarction diagnosis, Myocardial Infarction epidemiology
Abstract

Background: According to vital statistics data for Halifax County, between 1984 and 1993 the annual mortality rate decreased for ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction (MI)., Objectives: To estimate the change in MI mortality, applying standardized diagnostic criteria; to determine whether decreased case fatality or decreased MI event rate, or both, caused decreased mortality; and to determine the contribution of MI incidence rate to altered event rate., Patients and Methods: All persons in the study area aged 25 to 74 years and admitted to hospital or dying outside hospital with suspected acute coronary syndromes were registered prospectively. Demographic, health history and clinical data were extracted from medical records or collected from medical examiner reports, next-of-kin interviews or family physicians. Definite or possible MI was diagnosed according to World Health Organization MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease (MONICA) criteria. Trends in age- and sex-standardized rates were estimated by using log-linear regression analysis., Results: Of 4283 patients admitted to hospital for MI, 23.9% died within 28 days; 1401 patients who had suffered an MI died before admission to hospital. MI mortality decreased annually by 3.9% (95% CI 1.9 to 5.8); two-thirds of the decline was due to MI event rates (2.6%; CI 1.3 to 3.8) and one-third to a decrease in 28-day case fatality (1.3%; CI 0.2 to 2. 3). A decrease in MI incidence rate (3.2%; CI 1.7 to 4.8), rather than a decline in MI recurrence rate (1.4%; CI 0.7 to -3.5), was the major reason for the declining event rate., Conclusions: A decrease in the incidence of MI, possibly due to primary prevention, had a major impact on the declining MI mortality. Decreased in-hospital MI fatality, possibly due to improved treatment, was responsible for the decline in case fatality.

Published
2000

12. Ten-year trends of heart disease risk factors in the Halifax County MONICA population. MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease.

Author

Gregor RD, Bata IR, Eastwood BJ, and Wolf HK

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Coronary Disease mortality, Female, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia complications, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Nova Scotia epidemiology, Risk Factors, Smoking adverse effects, Social Class, Coronary Disease epidemiology
Abstract

Objective: To investigate trends in heart disease risk factors (RFs) in the general population of Halifax County, Nova Scotia during a 10-year period., Design: Two independent random samples of the population of Halifax County were surveyed in 1985 and 1995; age ranges were 25-64 years and 25-74 years. Blood pressure, cholesterol and body weight were measured. Smoking and health history were obtained by questionnaire., Main Results: Participation rate was 66.3% in 1985 and 1995. All RFs were negatively correlated with education attainment. RF changes from 1985 to 1995 were related to education level. Among survey participants, mean body mass index increased from 26.7 kg/m2 to 27.6 kg/m2 (P + 0.005) for men, and from 25.5 kg/m2 to 27.3 kg/m2 (P < 0.00001) for women. Average smoking rate increased from 32.0% to 34.6% (not significant) in men and from 27.7% to 29.1% (not significant) in women. Age-specific smoking rate increased by 13% (P = 0.14) in younger women and decreased by 10% in older women. (P = 0.00). Mean levels of blood cholesterol decreased by 0.2 mmol/L (P = 0.002) in men and 0.1 mmol/L (P = 0.20) in women. Systolic blood pressure increased by 6.3 mmHg (P < 0.0001) in men and by 7.9 mmHg (P < 0.0001) in women, being steepest in the lower education group. Mortality predicted from RFs declined between the survey years, but less than the observed mortality. This discrepancy may result from the effect of medical care or the delayed effect of RF changes., Conclusions: Some risk factors show a disturbing trend, indicating that an increased effort or a change in strategy is needed to combat the risk of ischemic heart disease.

Published
1998

13. Decreasing mortality from acute myocardial infarctions: effect of attack rates and case severity.

Author

Bata IR, Eastwood BJ, Gregor RD, Guernsey JR, Klassen GA, MacKenzie BR, and Wolf HK

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Coronary Disease epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction classification, Myocardial Infarction epidemiology, Nova Scotia epidemiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Hospital Mortality trends, Myocardial Infarction mortality
Abstract

Mortality from myocardial infarction (MI) has declined in many countries and the reasons for the decline have not been fully quantified. We used the database of the Halifax County MONICA Project to test the hypothesis that the decline of in-hospital mortality from MI can be explained by a trend toward less severe disease as opposed to improved treatment. During the study period 1984-1993, 14,130 people aged 25-74 had been admitted to hospital with suspected MI. Of these, 3774 were diagnosed as definite MI by standardized criteria (480 fatal). For each patient, clinical history, serial cardiac enzymes, and ECG treatment regimen during hospital stay were extracted from patient charts. Survival status 28 days after onset of symptoms was determined. A severity index predicting 28-day case fatality was derived from health status at admission time. During the study period the rate of definite MI in the MONICA target population showed a general downward trend from 221 to 179 per 100,000/year (p = 0.0002). The severity index increased during the observation time (p < 0.0001), predicting 25% higher mortality. Case fatality fluctuated, but showed a marginally significant decline. We conclude that part of the decreased in-hospital mortality from MI is due to lower attack rates. The remainder occurred despite increased case severity and is possibly due to improved in-hospital treatment.

Published
1997
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14. Report of a symposium on diagnosis and treatment of adult soft tissue sarcomas in the head and neck.

Author

Balm AJ, Vom Coevorden F, Bos KE, Fletcher CD, Gortzak E, Gregor RT, Hilgers FJ, Keus RB, Koops W, and Kroon BB

Subjects
Adult, Humans, Head and Neck Neoplasms diagnosis, Head and Neck Neoplasms therapy, Sarcoma diagnosis, Sarcoma therapy
Abstract

A series of presentations and discussions was held during a symposium on the diagnosis and treatment of adult soft tissue sarcomas in the head and neck (HNSTS). The purpose of this meeting was to define guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of HNSTS. The results of this symposium are summarized and condensed in this report. Recommendations are made for diagnostic strategies and for treatment. Diagnostic efforts in PET scanning and dynamic MRI need to be expanded to detect early recurrences. Firm pathological diagnosis remains the basis for further treatment strategy. Wide surgical excision, if feasible, in combination with radiotherapy is the treatment of choice.

Published
1995
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15. EMG profiles of lower extremity muscles during cycling at constant workload and cadence.

Author

Ryan MM and Gregor RJ

Abstract

Limited conclusions concerning the variability in EMG patterns during cycling can be made from available data in the literature because of methodological differences which include electrode placement and experimental design. The purpose of this study was to monitor EMG signals from ten lower extremity muscles over a large number of pedalling cycles in experienced cyclists at constant workload and cadence. Variability across subjects was evaluated by calculating the coefficient of variation (CV) at 10% intervals of the pedalling cycle. Within subject EMG patterns were very consistent within a single trial. The single-joint hip and knee extensors (gluteus maximus, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis) had the lowest CV values (less than 30%). This low variability appears to support their role as power generators. Variability was generally higher in the hamstring muscles with two biceps femoris patterns emerging despite relatively similar experimental conditions. EMG signals from surface and fine wire electrodes for the hamstring muscles were compared for possible contribution to the discrepancies in the EMG profiles. Fine wire EMG data were quite similar to those obtained using surface electrodes, indicating that crosstalk had minimal effect, in general, on the hamstring signals. The tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles displayed fairly repeatable patterns, with variability highest in the first 20% of the pedalling cycle for all muscles studied., (Copyright © 1992. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Published
1992
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