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Objectives: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with frailty, while the association with frailty state transitions and the role of social participation remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between ACEs and frailty state transitions, alongside the moderating effect of social participation Methods: Data from 9,621 adults aged 45 and older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011–2020) were analyzed. Frailty was measured with the frailty index, while ACEs and social participation were measured with a validated questionnaire. The association between ACEs and frailty state transitions was estimated using multi-state models. An interaction analysis were used to examine the moderating effects of social participation. Results: Participants with higher ACEs scores (≥4) were associated with an increased probability of forward transition (robust to pre-frail, HR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.21–1.54; prefrail to frail, HR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.18–1.63) and decreased probability of backward transition (pre-frail to robust, HR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.55–0.76). Additionally, participants with moderate and high level social participation were associated with an increased probability of backward transition (pre-frail to robust, HR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.01–1.23; frail to pre-frail, HR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.02–1.33, respectively). Social participation moderated the association between ACEs exposure and frailty (P for interaction

Background: We aimed to evaluate the impacts of short-term daily temperature variability (DTV) on blood pressure (BP) among participants with normotension, prehypertension, and hypertension, respectively, and explore the effects in different climate zones and seasons. Methods: A representative population sample (n = 397,173) covering the subtropical, temperate continental, and temperate monsoon zones was obtained from the China Hypertension Survey. DTV was calculated as the standard deviation of daily minimum and maximum temperatures during the exposure days. The linear mixed effect regression model was used to estimate the associations between DTV exposure and BP among normotension, prehypertension, and hypertension, respectively, and further stratified analysis was performed by climate zones and seasons. Results: After adjustment for confounders, per interquartile range (IQR) increase in DTV (2.28 °C) at 0–6 days of exposure was associated with an increase of 0.41 mmHg (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.07, 0.75) in systolic BP (SBP) and 0.41 mmHg (95 % CI: 0.09, 0.72) in pulse pressure (PP) among hypertensive participants in the subtropical zone. Similarly, DTV exposure was associated with an increase of 0.31 mmHg (95 % CI: 0.06, 0.55) in SBP and 0.59 mmHg (95 % CI: 0.24, 0.94) in PP among prehypertensive participants in the temperate continental zone. Additionally, during the warm season, DTV was positively associated with SBP among populations with prehypertension and hypertension, and with PP among all three populations. Conclusion: Short-term DTV exposure was associated with an increase in SBP and PP among hypertensive and prehypertensive participants in the subtropical zone and the temperate continental zone. In addition, positive associations of DTV with SBP and PP were observed among participants with prehypertension and hypertension in the warm season. Comprehensive health education and effective intervention strategies should be implemented to mitigate the effects of temperature variations on BP, particularly among prehypertensive and hypertensive populations.

Background: Maternal pesticide exposure might be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes through triggering inflammation and oxidative stress and disrupting endocrine functions. Yet the association between prenatal pesticide exposure and risk of preterm birth remains inconclusive. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of human observational studies using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) framework to explore the association of per ten-fold increase of pesticide concentrations in maternal biological samples during pregnancy with risk of preterm birth and length of gestational age at birth. Data source: Five English (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus) and 3 Chinese databases (China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM)) were searched till Jan 18th, 2023. Study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions: To be included, pesticide exposure should be measured in maternal biological samples during pregnancy and in log-transformed forms. The primary outcome was preterm birth and the secondary outcome was gestational age at birth. Study appraisal, synthesis methods and confidence assessment: Quality of studies was evaluated using OHAT Risk of Bias Tool. Evidence was quantitatively synthesized with Correlated and Hierarchical Effects (CHE) model. The confidence rating in the body of evidence was done using OHAT. Results: A total of 21 studies reported by 18 papers were included, with 7 studies for preterm birth and 19 for gestational age at birth. The meta-analysis found a ten-fold increase of pesticide concentrations was potentially associated with risk of preterm birth (pooled OR = 1.28; 95%CI: 0.93, 1.78) and shortened gestational age at birth (β = −0.10; 95%CI: −0.21, 0.01). Sampling biospecimens in different trimesters was identified as a potential modifier in the association between pesticide exposure and length of gestational age (F = 2.77, P

Branched architecture profoundly influences the physical properties of polymers, making it an important topic in the field of polymer science. Herein, we report a facile synthetic strategy to introduce one site-specific side chain at the junction point to fabricate a series of bolaform giant surfactants with branched architecture. By tuning the volume fraction and the ratio between the linking chain and side chain, various phases have been identified, including three-phase-four-layer lamellae, graphene-like honeycombs, tetragonally packed cylinders, and two-phase lamellae. Notably, the lattice dimension of obtained columnar structures is ∼12 nm, corresponding to sub-10 nm cylinder diameters. As revealed by temperature-dependent small-angle X-ray scattering profiles, a branched architecture significantly decreases the order-disorder transition temperature by ∼90 °C. We also use semi-quantitative calculations to analyze the thermodynamic properties of the observed phases and build rational connections between phase behaviors and the corresponding branching ratios. This study shed light on fine-tuning the macromolecular assembly via molecular topology engineering.

Summary: Background: There is growing interest in the role that schools can play in promoting student health. The aim of this study was to describe the coverage of school health monitoring systems for infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, and school physical environments in China, and to explore differences by geography, regional wealth, and school type. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using data from 2428 schools from 17 provinces in China in 2018. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered by the Ministry of Education through its monitoring system, and included infectious diseases (e.g., reporting system for student infectious diseases), non-communicable diseases (e.g., regular student health examinations), and school physical environments (e.g., monitoring of classroom light, microclimate and drinking water). Findings: Overall, the coverage rate of full school health monitoring systems was 16·6%. The coverage rates of school health monitoring systems for infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, and school physical environments were 71·2%, 68·5%, and 24·9%, respectively. Coverage was higher in schools from urban rather than rural areas, in schools from areas with greater wealth, and in senior secondary schools rather than junior secondary and primary schools. Interpretation: Systems for monitoring infectious diseases in school students have been widely implemented in China. Systems for monitoring non-communicable diseases and physical environments need to be strengthened. Beyond greater attention in poorer and rural areas, increased investment in more comprehensive approaches to school health is indicated. Funding: This study was supported by National Statistical Science Research Project (2021LY052 to YS) and China Scholarship Council (201906015028 to PH). 摘要: 背景: 学校在促进学生健康方面可以发挥的作用越来越引起关注○ 本研究旨在描述传染病, 非传染性疾病和学校物理环境三方面的学校卫生监测制度在中国的覆盖情况, 并探讨其在不同区域, 地区经济发展水平和学校类型上的差异○方法: 数据来源于2018年在中国17个省 (市, 区)2428所学校进行的一项横断面研究○ 使用中国教育部指导下设计的调查问卷, 通过其在17省的监测站体系, 收集了学校卫生监测制度的覆盖数据, 包括传染病 (如学生传染病报告制度), 非传染性疾病 (如学生定期体检)和学校物理环境 (如教室采光照明, 教室微小气候和生活饮用水的监测)三方面○结果: 总体上, 全面的学校卫生监测制度覆盖率仅为16.6%○ 针对传染病, 非传染性疾病和学校物理环境的学校卫生监测制度的覆盖率分别为71.2%, 68.5%和24.9%○ 针对传染病, 非传染性疾病和学校物理环境方面的制度覆盖率表现较为一致, 均呈现城市高于乡村, 经济发达地区高于欠发达地区, 高中高于初中和小学的情况○解释: 在中国, 针对在校学生的传染病监测制度已被广泛实施.针对非传染性疾病和物理环境的监测制度尚需要得到强化○ 除了对贫困地区和乡村地区给予更多关注外, 还需要在更全面的学校卫生措施上增加投资○基金: 全国统计科学研究项目 (2021LY052 to YS)和国家留学基金 (201906015028 to PH)