Yi, Xianliang, Zhang, Keke, Han, Gaorui, Yu, Mingyue, Chi, Tongtong, Jing, Siyuan, Li, Zhaochuan, Zhan, Jingjing, and Wu, Minghuo
Abstract Marine organisms are naturally exposed to different environmental pollutants including organic pollutants and nanoparticles. The interactive effects between nanoparticles and other chemicals on aquatic organisms have raised concerns regarding the potential of nanomaterials as the vector for other chemicals. In the present study, the effect of nano zinc oxide (nZnO) on the bioavailability of triphenyltin chloride (TPTCl) was studied, and their combined acute and reproductive toxicity to the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus were evaluated. At experimental concentration ranges of nZnO in this study, the percentage of dissolution of Zn2+ was relative stable (from 62% to 66%), and nZnO did not affect the bioavailability of TPTCl to the copepods. The acute toxicity of binary mixtures of nZnO/TPT was equivalent to that of the mixture of Zn2+/TPT. In agreement with the decrease in TPTCl's LC 50 values at the presence of nZnO, their interacting effect was synergistic based on response addition response surface model, and the interacting parameter was modelled to be −1.43. In addition to acute toxicity test, reproductive toxicity tests revealed that exposure to nZnO and TPTCl didn't affect the successful mating rate and the number of nauplii in the 1st brood, but they extended the time for the eggs to hatch from 2.53 days to 3.94 and 3.64 days, respectively. The exposure to nZnO/TPTCl mixture delayed the time to hatch to 5.78 days. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • LC 50 values of TPT decreased at the presence of nZnO. • Interaction between TPT and nZnO was equivalent to TPT and Zn2+. • NZnO did not affect the bioavailability of TPT. • The interaction of TPT and nZnO was synergistic according to RARS model. • RARS model better fitted the data than CARS model. This study observed synergistic effect between nZnO and TPTCl on the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus by applying response addition response surface model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]