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Background: The reported proportion of cancer patients who experience hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) ranges between 3% and 30%. HCM can be observed with any type of tumor and occurs most commonly in lung cancer, breast cancer and multiple myeloma. While HCM is a potentially fatal condition, the prevalence of HCM is not well defined.Methods: Using the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we identified adult cancer patients with recorded corrected serum calcium (CSC). Hypercalcemic patients (CSC ≥ 10.8 mg/dL) were classified into 4 CSC levels. We estimated annual prevalence of HCM overall, stratified by cancer type, and in patients with stage IV cancer.Results: Among 37,442 cancer patients in 2003-2012 the prevalence of grade 1 HCM increased from 0.13% to 0.45% and the prevalence of HCM overall (grade 1 or higher) increased from 0.20% to 0.67% over the study period. Prevalence estimates varied across cancer type and were highest for lung cancer, multiple myeloma and patients with stage IV cancer.Conclusion: We provide the first systematic analysis using a UK population-based data source to estimate number of cancer patients affected with HCM by grade. The increase in HCM prevalence over the 10-year study period is likely due to the increased recording of laboratory values, particularly comparing more recent data to 2003. Our findings suggest that HCM in general is not a common condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Men who have sex with men (MSM) have become one of the populations with severely HIV prevalence in China. However, very few genetic studies have been done on HIV-1 spreading in this population. In this study, the genetic characterization of HIV-1 strains prevalent in the MSM in Shijiazhuang, China, was analyzed basing on the HIV-1 full-length gag, pol, and partial env gene. 21 drug-naïve HIV-1 sero-positive patients were enrolled into the study. Full length gag, pol, partial env genes and some near full length genomes were amplified with nest RT-PCR followed by sequencing. Multiple subtypes, including CRF01_AE (52.9%), subtype B (35.3%) and CRF07_BC (11.8%), were found in the population. Phylogenetic analysis showed close relationship between our strains with those from Beijing MSM but not those from paid blood donors of local area. Drug resistance surveillance evaluation showed no transmitted drug resistance (TDR). However, some drug-resistance related polymorphism sites (V181I and V106I) were popularly found in B subtype strains. The findings will contribute to understanding the distribution and evolution of HIV-1 in MSM and also help the behavior change intervention. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common among older adults. The epidemiology of MDD is greatly influenced by sociocultural and economic factors. This study examined the 1-month and lifetime prevalence of MDD and its socio-demographic correlates in older adults living in Hebei province, an agricultural area of China.Methods: Multistage, stratified, random sampling was administered between April and August 2016. The diagnosis of MDD was established with the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition (DSM-IV) Axis I Disorders.Results: A total of 3911 participants were enrolled. The 1-month and lifetime prevalence of MDD in older adults was 2.0% (95%CI: 1.6-2.4%) and 3.4% (95%CI: 2.8-4.0%), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that female gender [P < 0.001, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.6, 95%CI: 1.53-4.53], presence of comorbid major medical conditions (P < 0.001, aOR = 4.8, 95%CI: 2.17-10.39) and family history of psychiatric disorders (P = 0.013, aOR = 3.4, 95%CI: 1.30-8.96) were independently and significantly associated with higher odds of MDD.Conclusion: The prevalence of MDD in older adults in Hebei province, China, was lower than most findings in China and other countries. Nevertheless, continued surveillance of elderly depression in China along with the development of primary, secondary and tertiary preventative interventions for the elderly with MDD is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Few studies have estimated the prevalence and correlates of bipolar disorder (BP) in agricultural areas of China. This study examined the one-month and lifetime prevalence of BP, its subtypes and socio-demographic factors in the adult population of Hebei province, a predominantly agricultural area of China.Methods: A multistage, stratified, cluster random sampling method was used to estimate the prevalence and correlates of BP in adults in Hebei province, China. The expanded version of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition (SCID-I/P/C) were administered to establish the diagnosis of BP.Results: A total of 20,884 participants were screened. The weighted lifetime prevalence of BP, BP type I (BP-I), type II (BP-II), and BP not otherwise specified (BP-NOS) were 0.20% (95% CI: 0.14-0.26%), 0.13% (95% CI: 0.08-0.18%), 0.03% (95% CI: 0.009-0.06%) and 0.03% (95% CI: 0.009-0.06%), respectively. The weighted one-month prevalence estimates were 0.12% (95% CI: 0.08-0.17%) for BP, 0.07% (95% CI: 0.04-0.11%) for BP-I, 0.03% (95% CI: 0.006-0.05%) for BP-II, and 0.02% (95% CI: 0.003-0.04%) for BP-NOS. Multiple Poisson regression analysis revealed that positive family history of any psychiatric disorder (P<0.001, OR=6.48, 95% CI: 2.53-16.56) was significantly associated with greater risk of BP.Conclusion: The prevalence of BP in Hebei province appears lower than in most areas of China and other countries. Continued surveillance of BP in China along with the development of primary and tertiary preventative interventions for psychiatric disorders is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder which is associated with significant disability and psychosocial factors. There are only few epidemiological studies of MDD in economically underdeveloped regions of China. This study examined the 1-month and lifetime prevalence of MDD and their sociodemographic correlates in Hebei province, China.Methods: Using multistage, stratified and random sampling, the study was conducted between April and August 2016. The diagnosis of MDD was established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition.Results: The weighted 1-month and lifetime prevalence of MDD were 0.9% (95%CI: 0.8-1.1%) and 1.6% (95%CI: 1.4-1.8%), respectively in the sample of 14,654 adult participants. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the age group of 45-59 years (P < 0.001, OR=3.206, 95%CI:1.693-6.072), female gender (P < 0.001, OR=2.171, 95%CI: 1.522-3.097), married marital status (P < 0.001, OR=0.328, 95%CI: 0.198-0.545), college educational level or higher (P = 0.006, OR=0.145, 95%CI: 0.037-0.573), employment (P = 0.010, OR=2.305, 95%CI: 1.220-4.353), major medical conditions (P < 0.001, OR=3.758, 95%CI: 2.607-5.418) and family history of psychiatric disorders (P < 0.001, OR=3.947, 95%CI: 2.203-7.071) were significantly associated with MDD.Conclusion: The prevalence of MDD in Hebei province was found to be lower than in most areas of China and other countries. Further studies are warranted to confirm the low prevalence of MDD in other economically underdeveloped regions of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Contexte: Les anticorps anti-peptides cycliques citrullinés (ACCP) sont des marqueurs spécifiques reconnus dans le diagnostic de polyarthrite rhumatoïde (PR). Cependant, ces anticorps peuvent également être détectés dans d’autres maladies rhumatologiques, notamment dans le lupus érythémateux systémique (LES). Des études récentes ont montré que les ACCP sont associés à une polyarthrite érosive chez les patients atteints de lupus. La signification clinique des ces anti-CCP dans le LES nécessite d’être étudiée de manière plus approfondie dans la mesure où la polyarthrite érosive n’est pas observée fréquemment dans le LES et que beaucoup de patients avec une polyarthrite non érosive sont également ACCP+. Objectif: Rechercher la prévalence et la signification clinique des anticorps anti-CCP chez des patients chinois atteints de LES. Méthodes: Les anti-CCP ont été recherchés avec la deuxième génération de test de dépistage à partir des sérums de 138 patients atteints de LES. L’association entre les anti-CCP et les signes biologiques et cliniques, notamment la polyarthrite, a été analysée chez ces patients. Résultats: La prévalence des anti-CCP était de 13,8 % (19/138) chez les patients chinois atteints de LES. Soixante-dix des 138 patients avaient une polyarthrite, dont 14 étaient anti-CCP+. Les ACCP étaient retrouvés plus fréquemment et de manière significative chez les patients qui présentaient une polyarthrite, que chez les patients sans polyarthrite (20 % versus 7,4 %, p <0,05). Une corrélation statistique entre les anti-CCP et le facteur rhumatoïde (FR) a été retrouvée chez les patients lupiques avec polyarthrite (r =0,36, p =0,002). La fréquence de la polyarthrite était significativement plus élevée chez les patients avec anti-CCP que sans anti-CCP (73,7 % versus 47,1 %, p <0,05). Huit des 138 patients avaient des érosions articulaires radiographiques. La polyarthrite érosive était observée plus souvent chez les patients anti-CCP+ que chez les patients anti-CCP− (35,7 % versus 5,4 %, p <0,001). En outre, deux patients anti-CCP− et FR− qui avaient une polyarthrite érosive présentaient des anticorps anti-RA33. Dans notre étude, les huit patients atteints de LES avec polyarthrite érosive remplissaient les critères ACR de 1987 pour la PR. Pour les autres paramètres cliniques et de biologiques, il n’y avait pas de différence entre les patients lupiques avec ou sans polyarthrite, ni entre les patients anti-CCP+ et anti-CCP−. Conclusion: Les ACCP étaient positifs chez 13,8 % des patients chinois atteints de LES ; leur présence est étroitement associée à une polyarthrite débutante et à une érosion osseuse. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: The objective was to determine the prevalence and metabolic parameters of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in southern China. Study design: The study was observational with a parallel study. Participants were studied in a medical examination center. A population of 915 women of reproductive age was investigated at the time of their annual physical examination to determine the prevalence of PCOS in unselected women from southern China. Results: Our results demonstrated a 2.2% (20/915) prevalence of PCOS. Women with PCOS had higher levels of luteinizing hormone and higher luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratios than those in the other groups. Women with PCOS had higher fasting insulin levels and lower fasting glucose/fasting insulin ratios than women in any of the other groups. Conclusions: Some clinical and biochemical characteristics were apparent in PCOS patients in our population, and ethnic differences may be considered when studying the clinical and metabolic features of PCOS in China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

There is increasing evidence that naturally occurring HIV-1 genetic diversity can have an impact on drug resistance. Recently, our previous study has demonstrated the natural presence of the V179D and K103R/V179D mutations associated with resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in HIV-1 CRF65_cpx strains. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of natural drug-resistance mutations (DRMs) in other HIV-1 subtypes or CRFs circulating in China. A total of 14,403 pol sequences from China were retrieved from the Los Alamos HIV Sequence Database, 10,041 of which were treatment naïve and presented substantial genetic diversity. Besides the natural presence of V179D and K103R/V179D in CRF65_cpx, the natural presence of V179E was found in CRF55_01B. In all but one of the 228 patients infected with CRF55_01B, NNRTI resistance mutation V179E was present and the combination of V179E and E138G was detected in 14 treatment-naïve patients, with a rate of 6.2%. A significant trend for increasing prevalence of E138G mutation in CRF55_01B strains over time was observed (p <.001). Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to clarify the epidemiological relationship of CRF55_01B strains. Most of the sequences containing E138G mutation scattered in the big CRF55_01B cluster, which indicated the rising prevalence of E138G was mainly due to multiple mutation events rather than local transmission clusters of a particular variant containing E138G mutation. Our findings highlight the importance of molecular surveillance of CRF55_01B strains and the urgent need for implementation of effective preventive measures to reduce the transmission of CRF55_01B. • Natural presence of V179E was found in CRF55_01B. • Increasing prevalence of E138G in CRF55_01B over time was observed. • The rising prevalence of E138G was mainly due to multiple mutation events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]