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The demand for separation and purification applications under harsh conditions has grown strongly in recent years. Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic membranes have broad prospects in this aspect due to their unique characteristics, but its pore size control is a crucial problem. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop simple and feasible methods for precise control of the pore size of SiC membranes to improve membrane selectivity and expand their application range. This review describes the pore formation process in the preparation of SiC membranes, focusing on the selection of SiC particles, sintering temperature, sacrificial template, sintering aids, oxidation process and other factors affecting the pore size and analysis. Finally, the control of SiC membrane pore size is summarized and the outlook is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report a facile approach to synthesis of highly fluffy and wrinkled reduced graphene oxide by simple freeze-drying and microwave-expanding method in vacuum. Compared with thermal reduced graphene oxide (RGO), the as-synthesized freeze drying and microwave reduced graphene oxide (FMGO) electrodes exhibit an improved electrochemical performance with high specific capacitance of 246 F g −1 at scan rate 5 mV s −1 and good cycle stability for application in supercapacitors. The outstanding performance of FMGO as a supercapacitor is attributed to the highly fluffy and wrinkled graphene which permits the creation of three-dimensional networks to induce fast electron and ion transport, thus eventually leading the significantly improved electrochemical capacitive behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercritical water gasification provides a clean and efficient way to produce hydrogen from high-moisture lignite. The development of kinetic model is a demanding task for the understanding of the reaction pathway and the reactor optimization. A novel gasification kinetics model mainly concentrating on the gas products (H 2 , CO, CH 4 and CO 2 ) was established to omit the unimportant reactions and intermediates owing to the complexity of the gasification process. Seven reactions were selected as the main routes of lignite gasification in supercritical water based on the present gasification mechanisms. The kinetics model was used to fit the experimental data obtained from the tubular reactor for continuous lignite gasification in supercritical water (operating in 560 °C, 25 MPa, lignite slurry concentration 5%, residence time 4.66 s–12.41 s). Rate constants were determined through minimizing the sum of the square of prediction errors. The gas product concentration as a function of time can be predicted by the model and it indicates that the concentrations of CO and CH 4 increased first and then decreased to be negligible after 30 min. The concentrations of H 2 and CO 2 increased and remained unchanged and the fractions of H 2 and CO 2 were 65.62% and 34.29% respectively. The predictions agreed well with the thermodynamic results by minimizing Gibbs free energy. Gas formation and consumption pathways can also be predicted. Most hydrogen was produced by steam reforming reaction and consumed by methanation reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological relevance The leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn are recorded in the earliest written documentation of traditional Chinese medicinal as “Ben Cao Gang Mu”, a medicinal herb for blood clotting, dysentery and dizziness. Recently, nuciferine (NF), one of N. nucifera Gaertn leaf extracts has been shown to possess several pharmacological properties, including anti-viral and anti-cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of NF in NSCLC progression induced by nicotine Materials and methods The effect of NF on proliferation of A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line) pretreated with or without nicotine was detected by tumor cell proliferation assay. TOP-Flash reporter assay was applied to investigate the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in tumor cells in the presence of NF and/or nicotine. Apoptosis was measured using a FITC-Annexin V and PI detection kit by flow cytometry. In addition, mRNA or protein expression levels were respectively tested by quantitative RT-PCR or western blot. In vivo experiments, tumor samples were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin for additional analyses by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining. Results NF significantly inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells in the presence of nicotine, suppressed the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, enhanced the stabilization of Axin, and induced apoptosis. NF down-regulated the expression levels of β-catenin and its downstream targets including c-myc, cyclin D and VEGF-A. NF also decreased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, which may explain the pro-apoptosis effect of NF. In tumor xenograft nude mice, NF not only inhibited the growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, but also remarkably alleviated the injury induced by nicotine in liver function. Conclusions NF has the remarkable effect to inhibit nicotine-induced NSCLC progression, which was due to its ability to reduce the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Thus, the work stated here emphasizes the importance of this traditional medicine and presents a potential novel alternative to NSCLC prevention and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe nanoparticles immobilized on polyaniline-covered carbon nanotube (CNT) surfaces (Fe NPs–PANI/CNT) are prepared by reducing FeCl 3 in the mixing solution of aniline and CNT. Significantly, the structure of such composites can be effectively optimized by pretreating FeCl 3 with sodium citrate (CA). In the absence of CNTs, we found these two routes have large differences in reduction behaviors and different PANI states with varied conductivities. Therefore, the self-assembly mechanism in the preparation is proposed and the controlled self-assembly manner in the pretreating route is disclosed. Under acid condition, both catalysts demonstrate high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity with four-electron pathway, and high electrochemical durability, revealing a promising application in the proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, the high Tafel slopes relating to the surface red-ox couple and porous conductivity are still the main obstacles to improve their ORR dynamic, and more efforts on these aspects are needed to drive non-noble catalyst application in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physicochemical properties of anode material directly affect the anodic biofilm formation and electron transfer, thus are critical for the power generation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this work, carbon cloth anode was modified with formic acid to enhance the power production of MFCs. Formic acid modification of anode increased the maximum power density of a single-chamber air-cathode MFC by 38.1% (from 611.5 ± 6 mW/m 2 to 877.9 ± 5 mW/m 2 ). The modification generated a cleaner electrode surface and a reduced content of oxygen and nitrogen groups on the anode. The surface changes facilitated bacterial growth on the anode and resulted in an optimized microbial community. Thus, the electron transfer rate on the modified anodes was enhanced remarkably, contributing to a higher power output of MFCs. Anode modification with formic acid could be an effective and simple method for improving the power generation of MFCs. The modification method holds a huge potential for large scale applications and is valuable for the scale-up and commercialization of microbial fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant protein-based hydrogels have enormous potential applications, and their great functional properties and sustainability are considered the best alternatives to reduce the environmental burden of animal protein resources. However, heat-induced plant protein-based hydrogels often exhibit a rough and opaque network structure, limiting their application in various scenarios where gel transparency is crucial. In this study, transparent hydrogels were successfully prepared using deamidated soy protein isolate (SPI) modified by protein-glutaminase (PG). Compared with the non-transparent SPI hydrogel, the deamidated SPI hydrogel possessed a soft and intricate chain-like network, exhibiting excellent light transmittance and certain mechanical strength. The results indicated that deamidation treatment unfolded the structure of SPI, shifting the protein conformation from ordered to disordered, and leading to the transformation of large insoluble protein aggregates into small soluble aggregates. In addition, deamidation treatment effectively inhibited the thermal aggregation rate and aggregation counts of SPI. This was attributed to the conversion of glutamine to glutamic acid, which enhanced the electrostatic repulsion between protein molecules. The present work offers a promising approach for preparing highly transparent plant protein-based hydrogels, which are conducive to developing the next generation of plant protein-based functional materials to replace existing petroleum-based materials. [Display omitted] • Transparent soy protein hydrogel is successfully prepared without the addition of any gelling agents. • The deamidation reaction depolymerizes the insoluble soy protein aggregates. • Deamidation treatment inhibits the thermal aggregation of soybean protein. • Deamidated soy protein exhibits a more flexible gel network structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edible protein-based oleogels have garnered extensive attention in food formulation, driven by the desire for enhanced nutritional profiles and improved texture perception. This is facilitated by the nutritional value of the starting ingredient proteins, coupled with high consumer acceptance. However, there exists limited knowledge regarding the connection between the microstructural properties of gels and their macroscopic rheological properties, especially concerning their potential as fat replacers in food products. The present study reveals a simple means of modulating the microstructural properties and macroscopic mechanical features of capillary whey protein oleogels, as well as their aesthetic properties. This is achieved by using whey protein variants with diverse morphologies, such as fibers, particles, and fractal clusters, or by varying the water fraction (s) and the protein concentration (φ) in the formula. Rheological scaling properties and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were employed to investigate the structural contribution of protein particles within the gel network. Furthermore, the study explores the practical applications of the derived oleogels, particularly in terms of spreadability or shortening as a potential alternative to margarine, within real food matrices. The spreadability of capillary oleogels with a protein concentration (φ) at 0.16 and 0.18 was comparable to that of commercial margarine. Meanwhile, the capillary oleogel-cake exhibited similarity to the margarine cake in textural parameters and sensory acceptability. This suggests that these capillary whey protein oleogels hold promise for applications in bakery products as margarine alternatives with low levels of saturated/ trans -fat content. [Display omitted] • Capillary oleogels can be formed by using whey protein variants with diverse morphologies. • Capillary oleogels fabricated with different particle shape have diverse mechanical features and aesthetic properties. • The microstructural of capillary oleogels can be tuned by adjusting the water fraction or the protein concentration. • Capillary whey protein oleogels hold promise for applications as margarine alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In electrolytic water systems, the kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are slow, often requiring high overpotentials, leading to significant energy consumption. The substitution of glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) for OER at the anode is regarded as a potential strategy to address this issue. In this work, in-situ growth of CoO on nickel foam (CoO/NF) was designed to achieve high performance of GOR. The results show that the selectivity for formic acid (FA) reached 93.3 %, and the GOR Faradaic efficiency reached 91.3 % at 1.3 V vs RHE. A flow cell was assembled with the CoO/NF electrode at the anode and commercial Pt/C at the cathode. The flow cell required cell voltage of only 1.6 V to achieve a current density of ≈100 mA cm−2 and showed superior stability after working for 108 hours with a slightly current attenuation of 0.56 %. More importantly, at this current density level, significant FA and H 2 production rates were achieved, measuring 2.23 and 1.57 mmol cm−2 h−1, respectively. The catalytic pathway and mechanism of CoO on glycerol were thoroughly investigated using series of characterizations. By coupling with electrolytic water for hydrogen production, it helps to simultaneously obtain hydrogen and high value-added product. [Display omitted] • CoO was used for electrooxidation of glycerol and has high selectivity for formic acid. • The mechanism of GOR process on CoO/NF electrode was revealed. • Utilizing a flow cell, a current density of 100 mA cm−2 was achieved at 1.6 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Unveiled common DEGs in EAT linking T2DM and AF, spotlighting metabolic and immune dysregulation. • Employed bioinformatics and db/db mouse models to validate hub genes' roles in T2DM and AF crosstalk. • Revealed CEBPZ, PAK1IP1, and BCCIP as central regulators in EAT, influencing T2DM and AF pathology. • Regulatory networks of miRNAs and TFs related to hub genes deepen understanding of T2DM and AF interplay. The complex relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suggests a potential role for epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) that requires further investigation. This study employs bioinformatics and experimental approaches to clarify EAT's role in linking T2DM and AF, aiming to unravel the biological mechanisms involved. Bioinformatics analysis initially identified common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in EAT from T2DM and AF datasets. Pathway enrichment and network analyses were then performed to determine the biological significance and network connections of these DEGs. Hub genes were identified through six CytoHubba algorithms and subsequently validated biologically, with further in-depth analyses confirming their roles and interactions. Experimentally, db/db mice were utilized to establish a T2DM model. AF induction was executed via programmed transesophageal electrical stimulation and burst pacing, focusing on comparing the incidence and duration of AF. Frozen sections and Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining illuminated the structures of the heart and EAT. Moreover, quantitative PCR (qPCR) measured the expression of hub genes. The study identified 106 DEGs in EAT from T2DM and AF datasets, underscoring significant pathways in energy metabolism and immune regulation. Three hub genes, CEBPZ, PAK1IP1, and BCCIP, emerged as pivotal in this context. In db/db mice, a marked predisposition towards AF induction and extended duration was observed, with HE staining verifying the presence of EAT. Additionally, qPCR validated significant changes in hub genes expression in db/db mice EAT. In-depth analysis identified 299 miRNAs and 33 TFs as potential regulators, notably GRHL1 and MYC. GeneMANIA analysis highlighted the hub genes' critical roles in stress responses and leukocyte differentiation, while immune profile correlations highlighted their impact on mast cells and neutrophils, emphasizing the genes' significant influence on immune regulation within the context of T2DM and AF. This investigation reveals the molecular links between T2DM and AF with a focus on EAT. Targeting these pathways, especially EAT-related ones, may enable personalized treatments and improved outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Plant-based meat analogs with different internal structures were prepared. • Digestion behavior of the plant-based meat analogs was investigated. • Both particle disintegration and swelling occurred in the early digestion stage. • Plant-based meat analogs with fibrous structure exhibited slow gastric digestion. • Plant-based meat analogs could be a desired nutritional food for people on diet. Plant-based meat analogs have increasingly attracted the attention of the food industry in recent years. However, the digestion behavior of this innovative solid food in human stomach is poorly understood. In this study, plant-based meat analogs with different internal structures were prepared with/without high-moisture extrusion technology and at different temperatures. A semi-dynamic gastric digestion system which involves the mimic processes of the secretion of gastric juice and the gastric emptying was applied. After extrusion treatment at high temperature (150 ℃), the EHT had the highest anisotropic index (H ⊥ /H ∥ =1.90) and an ideal meat-like structure. It was found that particle disintegration and swelling simultaneously occurred in the bolus of the EHT but not in the sample without extrusion treatment (the HLT) in the early stage of gastric digestion. This difference might be attributed to the compact and well-arranged anisotropic structure of the EHT resulting from the extrusion, and leads to difficult enzymatic hydrolyzation unless the particles swell and unfold the polymer chains. The difficulty in particle disintegration in the EHT during gastric digestion is the consequence of the relatively slow gastric emptying rate and the decrease of protein degradation. As a result, the EHT which underwent extrusion treatment at high temperature and possessed the best anisotropic fibrous structure exhibited the slowest gastric digestion. This novel solid food shows good potential as a desired nutritional food for people on diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insufficient light radiation is one of the main factors limiting maize yield in southern China. The plum rainy season overlaps with grain filling stage, and intermittent cloudy and rainy weather results in weak-light stress restricting the yield improvement of fresh waxy maize. This study was to assess the impact of weak-light stress at different grain filling stages on yield and leaf carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism in fresh waxy maize. Suyunuo5 (SYN5) and Jingkenuo2000 (JKN2000) were used to investigate the effects of weak-light at different stages after pollination (1–7, 8–14, 15–21 and 1–21 days, recorded as Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4) on yield, dry matter and nitrogen (N) accumulation, C and N metabolism in leaf of fresh waxy maize from 2021 to 2022. Compared with CK (natural light treatment), weak-light decreased the fresh ear and grain yield, post-silking dry matter and N accumulation, and the decrease was maximum in Z4, followed by Z1. The decrease in JKN2000 was greater than SYN5. RUBPCase and PEPCase activities, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of ear leaves decreased under weak-light, and those were lowest in Z4, followed by Z1. Furthermore, weak-light stress significantly decreased the activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, and post-silking N accumulation. The highest decrease was found in Z4, followed by Z1. Weak-light stress also downregulated the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and raised MDA content in ear leaves during grain filling stage, which accelerated leaf senescence process. Weak-light stress after pollination decreased maize yield by affecting leaf C and N metabolism and antioxidant system, and the stress occurred in first week after pollination had a more severe impact than those in middle and later stages, and JKN2000 was more sensitive to weak-light than SYN5. Our results contributed to understanding how weak-light stress could reduce the yield of fresh waxy maize by affecting leaf C and N metabolism, and offered theoretical support for implementing measures to alleviate weak-light conditions in the planting areas of fresh waxy maize. • Weak-light stress at post-silking stage decreased maize yield. • Weak-light stress decreased maize yield by affecting leaf C and N metabolism and antioxidant system. • Weak-light stress occurred at 1–7 DAP had a more severe impact on maize than 8–14 and 15–21 DAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The variation in flower color is due to the accumulation of different kinds of flavonoids. • A co-expressed network of genes containing the structural and regulatory genes of anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway were constructed. • PpMYB108 was found to be associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis and red color of peach flower. • PpMYB108 binds with the promoter of PpDFR through a 6bp MYB binding site. Flavonoids, particularly anthocyanin is the main pigment that determined the red color of peach flowers, and help the plant to attract pollinators, protect the reproductive organs of flower from photo-oxidative effects of light and various non-communicable diseases. Through weightage gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) we identified a network of 15 hub genes that co-expressed throughout peach flower development including 5 genes coded for the key enzymes (CHI, F 3′ H, DFR, LAR and UFGT) of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and 1 gene Prupe.1G111700 identified as R2R3 family transcription factor MYB108. Over expression of PpMYB108 significantly increased anthocyanin biosynthesis in Tobacco flowers. Moreover, the expression correlation between PpMYB108 and PpDFR, suggests that PpMYB108 play the role of transcriptional activator for PpDFR. This was further supported by a 6 bp insertion of MYB biding site in the core promoter region of PpDFR in red flower. The positive interaction of PpMYB108 with PpDFR promoter from red flower was confirmed in yeast one hybrid assay. These findings may be helpful in peach breeding programs as well as in identifying anthocyanin related genes in other species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In insects, vision is crucial in finding host plants, but its role in nocturnal insects is largely unknown. Vision involves responses to specific spectra of photon wavelengths and opsins plays an important role in this process. Long-wavelength sensitive opsin (LW opsin) and blue-sensitive opsin (BL opsin) are main visual opsin proteins and play important in behavior regulation.We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to mutate the long-wavelength-sensitive and blue wavelength-sensitive genes and explored the role of vision in the nocturnal invasive pest Tuta absoluta. Light wave experiments revealed that LW2 (−/−) and BL (−/−) mutants showed abnormal wavelength tropism. Both LW2 and BL mutations affected the preference of T. absoluta for the green environment. Mutations in LW2 and BL are necessary to inhibit visual attraction. The elimination of LW2 and BL affected the preference of leaf moths for green plants, and mutations in both induced a preference in moths for white plants. Behavioral changes resulting from LW2 (−/−) and BL (−/−) mutants were not affected by sense of smell, further supporting the regulatory role of vision in insect behavior. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal that vision, not smell, plays an important role in the host-seeking behavior of nocturnal insects at night, of which LW2 and BL opsins are key regulatory factors. These study findings will drive the development of the "vision-ecology" theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shrub encroachment, characterized by the proliferation of shrubs into grasslands, is a challenge faced by grasslands worldwide that significantly impacts livestock production and ecosystem functions. Rapid and accurate estimation of shrub dominance is important for understanding changes in plant community structures and formulating grassland management policies. However, the limited spatial resolution of commonly used satellite imagery poses a challenge when estimating shrub dominance at the landscape scale. The rapid development of Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has opened up new opportunities for cross-scale observations of shrub encroachment in grasslands by effectively bridging the scale gap between ground sampling and satellite image pixels while reducing the required groundwork. This study utilized ground reference data, UAV data (RGB, hyperspectral, and LiDAR), and satellite data (Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2) to estimate shrub and total above-ground biomass (AGB) in temperate grasslands to map the shrub dominance. First, UAV data were applied at the plot scale for the classification of shrub and herbaceous vegetation using the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt), estimation of shrub AGB by employing the vegetation index weighted canopy volume model (CVM VI), and estimation of herbaceous AGB based on the partial least squares regression (PLSR). Second, UAV AGB mapping results were upscaled as samples at the landscape scale and integrated with satellite imagery to establish the shrub and total AGB models using the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). Finally, shrub dominance, represented as shrub AGB/total AGB, was mapped across the study area. We found that at the plot scale, the MaxEnt model achieved an overall accuracy of 0.990 for object-based classification. The CVM VI combined with canopy height model and narrow-band vegetation index achieved the highest accuracy for estimating shrub AGB (R2 = 0.821, RMSE = 30.1 g). The PLSR combined with features derived from all UAV data achieved the highest accuracy for estimating herbaceous AGB (R2 = 0.856, RMSE = 9.1 g/m2). At the landscape scale, the XGBoost achieved high accuracy for estimating both the shrub AGB (R2 = 0.719, RMSE = 4.2 g/m2) and total AGB (R2 = 0.961, RMSE = 5.0 g/m2). The high-precision mapping results further facilitate the generation of shrub dominance maps at a landscape scale. This study presents a more accurate and efficient framework for mapping shrub AGB, total AGB, and shrub dominance using multi-scale remote sensing data, which offers new approaches for large-scale grassland AGB mapping and monitoring of shrub encroachment in grasslands. • Multisensory UAV data were evaluated for shrub and herbaceous AGB estimation at the plot scale. • SAR and multispectral satellite data were used to map AGB and shrub dominance at the landscape scale. • Our multi-scale framework outperformed the traditional AGB estimation method. • Assessing shrub dominance is important for understanding shrub encroachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the modification of indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with an ultrathin metal oxide layer successfully reduces internal film stress. The introduction of an Al 2 O 3 metal oxide layer effectively diminishes defects within the film and minimizes distortion in the film densification process. A low-temperature annealing process at 200 °C was employed to mitigate thermal expansion differences between the film and the substrate, thus reducing internal stress within the device. Furthermore, we have discovered that this structural modification holds the potential to enhance mechanical stress resistance. This paper offers a novel perspective and an experimental foundation for the stress analysis of flexible TFTs. • Ultra-thin metal oxide layer used to improve internal stress in films. • Preparation of IGZO TFTS with better performance at 200 °C annealing temperature. • Structures have the potential to resist mechanical stress. • Electrical properties are combined with structural characterization of thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raspberry, a traditional medicine food homology species, has important benefits in patients with metabolic syndrome. However, the mechanism of raspberry polysaccharides (RP) on obesity remains unclear. In our study, we showed that RP intervention is negatively associated with body weight gain, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and fat accumulation in obese mice. RP ameliorated HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, produced short-chain fatty acids, maintained intestinal barrier integrity, and prevented metabolic endotoxemia, manifested by decreased host lipopolysaccharide level, and increased colon expression of tight junction proteins. These effects might be related with driven by a SCFAs-producing bacterium and downregulation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling transduction. Notably, the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG − 014 , Lactobacillus taiwanensis , Bifidobacterium pseudolongum , and Turicibacter are markedly correlated with enhanced intestinal barrier function induced by RP treatment. Thus, we believe that RP could be as a potential health supplement or prebiotic for obesity therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • We developed an ROS-responsive and scavenging bifunctional injectable CC-B-CAPE@CY-NPs hydrogel for periodontitis treatment. • The CC-B-CAPE@CY-NPs hydrogel was capable of scavenging excessive ROS and modulating polarization of M1 macrophages via regulating NF-κB signaling. • The CC-B-CAPE@CY-NPs hydrogel promotes the repair of alveolar bone by accelerating osteogenic transformation. Periodontitis is characterized by local inflammatory response and the resultant alveolar bone resorption. The elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) level not only aggravates local inflammation but also prohibits osteogenesis. Hence, simultaneously scavenging ROS and triggering the activity of osteoblasts may produce synergism in periodontium regeneration. Herein, we developed an injectable hydrogel system, CC-B-CAPE@CY-NPs, for periodontitis treatment, in which caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a naturally-occurring anti-inflammatory ingredient, was caged by aryl borate for ROS-responsive release. Meanwhile, the nanoparticles incorporating Chrysin (CY), another natural product with osteogenetic property, were also coated in the hydrogel. In vitro, the hydrogel was capable of scavenging the excessive ROS and modulating the polarization of M1 macrophages, highlighting its anti-inflammatory potency. In addition, its osteogenetic effect was verified by the increased ALP activity in the hydrogel-treated periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Our studies revealed the anti-inflammatory stemmed from its ablation of NF-κB signaling, while the activation of Wnt/β-catenin cascade accounted for its osteogenetic potency. In a rat periodontitis model, the capability of reducing ROS levels, modulating macrophage polarization, and promoting osteogenesis was transformed into the recovery of destructed alveolar bone. All above, the hydrogel possesses great potential as a promising remedy for periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel cable-type wire-based arc additive manufacturing was employed for the first time to fabricate Fe 3 Al intermetallic. • The Fe 3 Al thin wall presents coarse columnar grains with epitaxial growth. • The microhardness is higher in the top region of the Fe 3 Al thin wall. • The Fe 3 Al prepared via CWAAM demonstrates superior compressive strength. A novel arc additive manufacturing process using cable-type wire (CWAAM) was successfully used for the first time to fabricate Fe 3 Al intermetallic with 33 at% aluminum content. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the in situ prepared Fe 3 Al alloy were evaluated through optical microstructural characterization, X-ray diffraction for phase analysis, electron dispersion spectroscopy for chemical composition analysis, hardness testing, and compression testing. The results indicate that compared with Fe 3 Al alloy prepared by traditional sintering or mechanical alloying methods, the Fe 3 Al alloy prepared by CWAAM exhibits relatively uniform distribution of alloying elements and higher compressive strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon microstrip detectors are widely used in space astronomy experiments owing to their high spatial resolution and long-term operational stability. The silicon microstrip detector is affected by bias voltage fluctuations, causing simultaneous changes in the pedestal of all channels under the same power supply. The noise generated by this variation is referred to as common-mode noise (CN). Precisely subtracting the CN can improve the charge resolution of light nuclei. In this study, we investigate the calculation method and sources of CN using the on-orbit data from DAMPE and test beam data of HERD. Our findings confirm that the CN in DAMPE's silicon microstrip detector primarily arises from fluctuations in the power supply. Furthermore, through the combination of test beam results and SPICE simulations, we have discovered that capacitance-induced charge sharing also contributes to the CN, which increases with the particle charge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two biochars were prepared from APS/KPS-pretreated bamboo. • Cation types in persulfate impact physicochemical properties of biochar. • The KPS-pretreated bamboo-derived biochar has a higher adsorptive capacity for MB. • The discrepancy in adsorption capacity of two biochar for MB was analyzed. • Electrostatic action is the main adsorption mechanism for MB onto biochars. The adsorption behaviors of biochar are largely impacted by biomass feedstock. In this study, two biochars were prepared from torrefaction of ammonium persulfate- and potassium persulfate-pretreated bamboo and then activated by cold alkali, which are named as ASBC and KSBC, respectively. The two biochars were characterized by different instruments, and their adsorption properties over cationic methylene blue (MB) were compared. The type of persulfates little affected the specific surface areas, but significantly impacted O (29.54 % vs. 35.113 %) and N (12.13 % vs. 3.74 %) contents, functional groups, and zeta potentials of biochars. MB adsorption onto ASBC/KSBC is a single-layer chemical endothermic process and ASBC/KSBC exhibit high adsorption capacity over MB (475/881 mg·g−1) at 303 K. Obviously, the sorption capacity of MB onto KSBC much surpasses that of MB onto ASBC. These results indicate biomass pre-treatment is a cheap and convenient method to prepare biochars with unique physicochemical and adsorptive properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Scaling up of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) without losing power density requires a thorough understanding of the effect of hydraulic pressure on MFC performance. In this work, the performance of an activated carbon air-cathode MFC was evaluated under different hydraulic pressures. The MFC under 100mmH2O hydraulic pressure produced a maximum power density of 1260±24mWm–2, while the power density decreased by 24.4% and 44.7% as the hydraulic pressure increased to 500mmH2O and 2000mmH2O, respectively. Notably, the performance of both the anode and the cathode had decreased under high hydraulic pressures. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests of the cathode indicated that both charge transfer resistance and diffusion transfer resistance increased with the increase in hydraulic pressure. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified partial 16S rRNA genes demonstrated that the similarity among anodic biofilm communities under different hydraulic pressures was ≥90%, and the communities of all MFCs were dominated by Geobacter sp. These results suggested that the reduction in power output of the single chamber air-cathode MFC under high hydraulic pressures can be attributed to water flooding of the cathode and suppression the metabolism of anodic exoelectrogenic bacteria. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Lunar topographic information is essential for lunar scientific investigations and exploration missions. Lunar orbiter imagery and laser altimeter data are two major data sources for lunar topographic modeling. Most previous studies have processed the imagery and laser altimeter data separately for lunar topographic modeling, and there are usually inconsistencies between the derived lunar topographic models. This paper presents a novel combined block adjustment approach to integrate multiple strips of the Chinese Chang'E-2 imagery and NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Laser Altimeter (LOLA) data for precision lunar topographic modeling. The participants of the combined block adjustment include the orientation parameters of the Chang'E-2 images, the intra-strip tie points derived from the Chang'E-2 stereo images of the same orbit, the inter-strip tie points derived from the overlapping area of two neighbor Chang'E-2 image strips, and the LOLA points. Two constraints are incorporated into the combined block adjustment including a local surface constraint and an orbit height constraint, which are specifically designed to remedy the large inconsistencies between the Chang'E-2 and LOLA data sets. The output of the combined block adjustment is the improved orientation parameters of the Chang'E-2 images and ground coordinates of the LOLA points, from which precision lunar topographic models can be generated. The performance of the developed approach was evaluated using the Chang'E-2 imagery and LOLA data in the Sinus Iridum area and the Apollo 15 landing area. The experimental results revealed that the mean absolute image residuals between the Chang'E-2 image strips were drastically reduced from tens of pixels before the adjustment to sub-pixel level after adjustment. Digital elevation models (DEMs) with 20 m resolution were generated using the Chang'E-2 imagery after the combined block adjustment. Comparison of the Chang'E-2 DEM with the LOLA DEM showed a good level of consistency. The developed combined block adjustment approach is of significance for the full comparative and synergistic use of lunar topographic data sets from different sensors and different missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The hydraulic fracture aperture packed by proppants determines the fracture conductivity and is pivotal to oil and gas production. After hydraulic fracturing, the fracture width decreases owing to proppant embedment, deformation, and crushing. However, the analysis of fracture width reduction based on the mechanical properties of the proppant pack is limited. In this study, an experiment is designed to obtain the apparent Young's modulus, which represents the rigidity of the entire pack, and steel sheets are used to replace rock samples to eliminate heterogeneity and weaken the effect of proppant embedment. Subsequently, the effects of proppant type, concentration, and size on the apparent Young's modulus are discussed. Finally, the controlling factors and mechanisms of fracture width reduction are determined. The results indicate that the fracture width decreases linearly with increasing closure pressure for the ceramsite pack, and that the apparent Young's modulus is associated with the fracture aperture variation, which is governed by proppant embedment and deformation. The apparent Young's modulus increases as the proppant concentration increases or the proppant size decreases, whereas the proppant size imposes a more prominent effect. However, the mixed-size ceramsite pack shows only slight improvements in terms of propping ability. This study provides new insights into factors governing proppant pack deformation. • The apparent Young's modulus is defined through experimental results to quantitatively characterize mechanical properties of the whole proppant pack. • The proppant pack will experience at least 1 rigid-to-plastic deformation cycle under closure pressure. • The apparent Young's modulus for ceramiste can be inserted into fracture width calculation correlation, of which the fracture width decrease is mainly dominant by proppant embedment and deformation. • Proppant concentration and size both have influence on apparent Young's modulus, but the latter is more profound. The finer the particles are, the higher the modulus of the proppant pack is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complex momentum representation method is used to explore the single particle resonances in nuclei. The energies, widths, and wavefunctions are obtained by solving the Dirac equation with a Woods-Saxon potential, in which the parameters are determined from the RMF calculations for 132Sn. The pseudospin symmetry is investigated for the resonant states in comparison with bound states. Approximate degeneracy is shown in the energies, widths, and wavefunctions between the pseudospin doublets including the resonant and bound states. The influence of the potential shape on the pseudospin symmetry is checked. The quality of pseudospin symmetry is shown to be dependent of the parameters, which is explained in terms of the change of potential with these parameters. The energy and width splittings between the pseudospin doublets are sensitive to the potential parameters, which is clarified by the change of the derivative of potential with r. Moreover, the pseudospin splitting in the wavefunctions and its dependence on potential shape are analyzed. The wave function splitting between the pseudospin doublets is quantitatively obtained in the momentum space for the resonant states because they are local and square integrable. Considering that a real nuclear field is similar to a Woods-Saxon potential, the change of the parameters in Woods-Saxon potential can reflect the change of nuclear field from stable nuclei to drop-line nuclei. Therefore, the present researches are helpful to understand the level structure of the weakly bound nuclei and their exotic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrochar (AAHC) with rich carboxylate groups was prepared by one-step hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of bamboo and acrylic acid with the presence of ammonium persulphate, and then activated by a sodium hydroxide solution. AAHC was featured by elemental analysis, SEM, XPS, FTIR, Zeta potential analysis and N 2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, and applied to test adsorptive ability of methylene blue (MB) by batch sorption experiments. Despite a small Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 5.03 m2·g−1, AAHC has excellent MB adsorbing capacity owing to the richness of carboxylate groups. Compared with hydrochar produced without adding ammonium persulphate, AAHC exhibits larger BET surface, pore volume and carboxylate groups, indicating a small amount of ammonium persulfate plays an important role in HTC in addition to the free radical initiator. This work provides a facile and cheap method combining HTC and polymerization for preparation of carboxylate-rich hydrochar. [Display omitted] • Hydrochar was prepared by HTC combined with radical graft copolymerization. • Hydrochar with rich carboxylate groups exhibited high adsorption capacity towards MB. • Electrostatic interaction may be the main factor for MB adsorption. • APS plays multiple roles in preparation of carboxyl-rich hydrochar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a global threat with significant attributable morbidity and mortality. Information on microfluidic detection for CM diagnosis is still limited. We developed a multifunctional microfluidic module that integrated the pathogen enrichment and on-chip nucleic acid extraction. The module adopted a simple filtration membrane to effectively capture Cryptococcus cells and simplify the process, and combined lyticase digestion, alkaline lysis and heating methods to optimize the strategy to achieve nucleic acid extraction. The entire process was operated in the module, which reduced the exposure risk of directly processing cryptococcal samples. A portable one-pot lyophilized LAMP reagent bead with no temperature limit was developed, which improved the flexibility of operation. This module did not require any additional instrument, and is promising to develop a simple, rapid, and efficient approach to realize the "sample in and answer out" detection of real CSF samples. This microfluidic module had practical prospects and is expected to replace LFA for efficacy evaluation and follow-up in the middle and late stages of CM treatment, and could be used as an auxiliary method to confirm cases with questionable LFA results in the early diagnosis of CM. [Display omitted] • Information on microfluidic detection for CM is limited, due to the difficulty of extracting nucleic acids on the chip. • We developed a multifunctional microfluidic module that integrated target enrichment and on-chip nucleic acid extraction. • We developed a portable one-pot lyophilized reagent bead with no temperature limit and improved the flexibility of operation. • This module is promising to develop an efficient approach to realize the detection of real CSF samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• N-doped hydrochar was synthesized by one-step hydrothermal reaction. • Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of hydrochar was enhanced by N-doping. • NH 4 Cl acts as a catalyst and a nitrogen source in preparation of N-doped hydrochar. • N-groups can adsorb Cr(VI) by electrostatic interaction and reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III). N-doped biochar can effectively eliminate toxic Cr(VI). Here, N-doped hydrochar (NHC) was successfully synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of NH 4 Cl and bamboo, and employed to adsorb Cr(VI). The specific surface area, pore volume, and carbon and nitrogen contents of NHC all increase compared with the undoped hydrochar (HC). NH 4 Cl acts as a cheap nitrogen source to enhance the nitrogen content of hydrochar and as an acid catalyst to accelerate hydrochar carbonization. Adsorption experiments show NHC has higher adsorption capacity than HC for Cr(VI). XPS and FTIR imply the dominant mechanisms of adsorbing Cr(VI) onto two hydrochars are electrostatic attraction, reduction and complexation, but the contributions of surface functional groups in two hydrochars for elimination of Cr(VI) differ. The doped nitrogen in NHC is pivotal in adsorbing and reducing Cr(VI). Hence, NHC prepared from bamboo and NH 4 Cl by one-step HTC is a cheap and efficient adsorbent to eliminate aqueous Cr(VI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The RSDI is suitable for monitoring aeolian desertification. • The areas with significant restoration (34.1%) exceeded those with significant deterioration (6%) in the NSPB. • In the areas with significant restoration, 57.4% of the land was mainly affected by human activities. The northern sand-prevention belt (NSPB) is the key area for sand control in China, and the various ecological projects conducted there are important to the Chinese strategy for ecological security. In this paper, a new remote sensing-based desertification index (RSDI) based on principal component analysis was constructed from four aspects of vegetation greenness, surface moisture, soil grain size, and surface radiation. The overall evaluation accuracy of the index was 89.2%, and the kappa coefficient was 0.80, indicating high sensitivity to different degrees of aeolian desertification and suitability for multiscale research. The coefficient of variation, Mann–Kendall test, Theil–Sen median trend analysis, and residual analysis were used to analyze the spatiotemporal changes and driving forces of the RSDI in the NSPB from 2000 to 2020. The RSDI was used to compare aeolian desertification in different subregions, land use types, and ecological project areas. The important results are as follows: (1) the trend of the average RSDI was downward, but it increased significantly in 2008–2009 and 2013–2014; (2) the RSDI was characterized by relatively high volatility in 28.9% and moderate volatility in 27.1% of the area; (3) the areas with significant restoration (34.1%) greatly exceeded those with significant deterioration (6%), whereas 59.9% of the total area was stable; and (4) within the area with significant restoration, 57.4% was primarily affected by human activities, and 42.4% was primarily affected by climate change; however, most of the area with significant deterioration (71.1%) was affected by human activities. In general, the degree of aeolian desertification in the NSPB has decreased in the past 20 years and its ecological quality has continued to recover. However, unreasonable human activities still need to be reduced, and the ecological management of areas under serious threat of desertification needs to be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Peripherin is a 57-kDa type III neuronal intermediate filament protein that appears to play a role in neurite elongation during development and axonal regeneration. Its role in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits caused by cerebral ischemia is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the location and level of peripherin expression in the central nervous system in response to transient global cerebral ischemia, and the resultant effect of peripherin expression on the cholinergic neurons and Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in this mouse model of ischemia. Transient global cerebral ischemia was induced in C57BL/6 mice by 20-min bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) with microclips. The resulting impairment of spatial learning and memory was investigated by Morris water maze testing. Peripherin expression was evaluated by immunostaining and Western Blot assay of brain sections. Peripherin expression increased in neurons of the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus after BCCAO. By double immunofluorescence staining, neurons showed a cytoplasmic co-localization of peripherin and MAP-2, but not of peripherin and GFAP. ChAT activity was determined spectrophotometrically using the assay kit. There was significantly decreased ChAT activity in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus in mice of the BCCAO group (p<0.05), compared with the sham group. After BCCAO, peripherin overexpression was significantly correlated with reduction in ChAT activity (r=−0.929; p<0.01), spatial learning and memory were impaired, and peripherin expression was induced in neurons but not astrocytes. Thus, peripherin appears to be a participant in learning and memory impairment in mice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of 10,10-dioctyl-3,6-dihydrofluoreno[2,3-d:6,7-d′]diimidazole derivatives were conveniently synthesized by condensation of the key intermediate 2,3,6,7-tetraamino-9,9-dioctylfluorene (TADOF) with aldehydes under very mild conditions. All of the target compounds were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. The crystal structure of 3,6-dibenzyl-10,10-dioctyl-2,7-diphenyl-6,10-dihydro-3H-fluoreno[2,3-d:6,7-d′]diimidazole was determined as triclinic, space group P-1 type, using single X-ray crystallography. For seventeen samples, UV–visible absorption maximum wavelength (λ max), fluorescence excitation wavelength (λ ex), fluorescence emission wavelength (λ em) and fluorescence quantum yield (φ FL) were measured in dilute dichloromethane solution and in the solid state. These compounds possess a medium strong blue fluorescence-emitting ability with φ FL values in the region of 0.30–0.89 and structure-optical behavior characteristics were discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new hybrid compound based on porous metal–organic frameworks and polyoxometalates H4[(Cu4Cl)3(BTC)8]2[SiW12O40]·(C4H12N)6·3H2O (NENU-15, BTC=1, 3, 5-benzenetricarboxylate) has been hydrothermally synthesized and its crystal structure, stability and porosity have been characterized. The experimental results showed that the introduction of polyoxometalates improved the integral stability of the compound. In addition, NENU-15 was employed in NO removal for the first time. By virtue of the synergistic effect between host frameworks and guest polyoxometalates, it not only displayed good adsorption behavior for NO, but also exhibited superior activity in NO decomposition. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: CBM is an important unconventional energy resource with continuing interest in research and development. Based on Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-steady diffusion in matrix and Darcy flow in the network of cleats, and treating the media directly connected with horizontal wellbore as the network of cleats, we established a model of CBM horizontal well production and the partial differential equations were solved by the method of Laplace transform. Later in the paper, we obtained the standard log–log type curves of pressure transient and rate decline analysis using numerical simulation and analyzed the transient transport behavior thoroughly. The numerical simulation results showed that the type curves are the typical response of CBM horizontal well production. We also showed that type curves characteristics are affected by external boundary conditions, transfer coefficient, storage coefficient and adsorption coefficient, etc. At the end, we showed the differences of our CBM horizontal well model with the CBM vertical well model and the dual porosity non-coal reservoir models. The research results show that our model would be a good semi-analytical model to make well test interpretations in real case studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The density functional method PW91P86 with relativistic effective core potentials (RECPs) and LANL2DZ basis set has been used to investigate the possible stable geometrical configurations and relative stabilities of the lowest-lying isomers of rhodium-doped gold clusters, Au n Rh (n=1–8). Several low-lying isomers were determined. The results indicate that the ground-state Au n Rh, n=1–8, clusters have planar structures except for n=5 and 8. The stability trend of the Au n Rh clusters shows that the clusters with even numbers of atoms are more stable than the clusters with odd numbers of atoms, indicating that the Au5Rh cluster is a magic cluster with high chemical stability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The geometries, stabilities, and magnetic properties of Cr@Au n () clusters have been studied by means of a density functional method PW91P86 and a LanL2DZ basis set. It is found that the Cr atom in the lowest energy Cr@Au n isomers tend to occupy the most highly coordinated position and the ground state configuration of the Cr@Au n clusters favor a planar structure, except for . Maximum peaks are observed for the ground state Cr@Au n clusters at , 5 on the size dependence of second-order energy differences, fragmentation energies, and HOMO–LUMO energy gaps, implying that the AuCr and Au5Cr clusters are magic clusters with relatively higher chemical stability. The magnetism calculations for the most stable Cr@Au n clusters, which have a charge transfer from chromium atom to gold atoms, demonstrate that the total magnetic moment of the clusters is mainly localized on the Cr atom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A precise and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of vinpocetine (VP) and its primary metabolite, apovincaminic acid (AVA), in rat plasma was developed and validated. The analytes and the internal standard-dimenhydrinate were extracted from 50μL aliquots of rat plasma via solid–liquid extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved in a run time of 3.5min on a C18 column under isocratic conditions. Detection of analytes and IS was done by tandem mass spectrometry, operating in positive ion and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) acquisition mode. The protonated precursor to product ion transitions monitored for VP, AVA and IS were m/z 351.4→280.2, 323.2→280.2 and 256.2→167.3 respectively. The method was fully validated for its sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy and precision, matrix effect, stability study and dilution integrity. A linear dynamic range of 0.5–500ng/mL for both VP and AVA was evaluated with mean correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9970 and 0.9984 respectively. The precision of the assay (RSD%) was less than 8.55% at all concentrations levels for both VP and AVA. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of VP in rats after intravenous (1mg/kg) and oral (1mg/kg) administration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The pulsar is a high-speed rotationing neutron star with a stable rotational period, being not disturbed and destroyed artificially, and can be taken as the reference quantity of the absolute time. In this article a kind of pulsar time service method based on the Kalman filtering algorithm is proposed, and the simulation analysis of the clock error control based on the Kalman filtering and of the effect of the pulsar catalogue error and the measuring accuracy of the pulsar time of arrival (TOA) on the accuracy of time service is made by taking a certain solar synchronous orbit as an example. The result shows that by utilizing this method the clock error of the satellite-borne clock can be effectively eliminated and its time-dependent increase is restrained, thereby solving the problem that the accuracy of the spacecraft-borne low cost clock can not meet the needs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The reactions between the silyl-linked bis(amidinate) ligand [SiMe2{NC(Ph)N(Ph)Li(thf)2}2] and ZrCl4 in different stoichiometric chemistry, 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2, were explored. The resulting zirconium compounds, 1, 2, and 3, showed different molecular structural features which were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The metal center in 1 was located in a highly saturated coordination environment with four amidinate moieties. Compound 2 exhibited an unprecedented linked tris(amidinate) N–C–N–Si–N–C–N–Si–N–C–N skeleton formed after the intermolecular rearrangement. In compound 3, a novel silyl-linked imino-amidinate ligand via the intramolecular rearrangement was involved. The mechanism for the formation of compounds 2 and 3 was proposed. Compound 2 was found to be a highly active catalyst for ethylene polymerization in the presence of methylalumoxane (MAO). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Two sets of diastereomers of pentacoordinate spirophosphoranes separately derived from l-valine (or d-valine) and l-leucine (or d-leucine) were synthesized, isolated, and structurally characterized both in the solid state (X-ray crystallography and solid-state CD spectroscopy) and in the solution (1H NMR). The Λ and Δ absolute configurations of a pair of enantiomers 3a and 4a with distorted trigonal bipyramids (TBPs) geometry are directly determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. The chiral-at-phosphorus features of the related diastereomers were correlated with their solid-state CD and 1H NMR spectra. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The geometrical structures, relative stabilities, and magnetic moments of iron-doped gold clusters, Au n Fe (n =1–7), have been investigated using density functional method B3LYP and LanL2DZ basis set. Many low-lying isomers of the Au n Fe clusters are obtained along with their electronic states. The results show that the ground-state Au n Fe isomers possess a linear structure for n =1–2 and a planar structure for n =3–7. The relative stabilities of Au n Fe clusters for the ground-state structures are analyzed based on the averaged binding energies, fragmentation energies, second-order difference of energies, and HOMO–LUMO energy gaps. It is found that the Au2Fe and Au4Fe clusters are magic clusters with high chemical stability. The magnetic moment calculations for the ground-state Au n Fe clusters, which are magnetic, indicate that the total magnetic moment of the clusters is mainly localized on the Fe atom and two magic clusters are larger in total magnetic moments than others. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: As a further step in obtaining high performance elevated temperature self-lubrication anti-wear composite coatings on TiAl alloy, a novel Ni–P electroless plating method was adopted to encapsulate the as-received CaF2 in the preparation of precursor NiCr–Cr3C2–CaF2 mixed powders with an aim to decrease its mass loss and increase its compatibility with the metal matrix during a Nd:YAG laser cladding. The microstructure of the coating was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and the friction and wear behavior of the composite coatings sliding against the hardened 0.45% C steel ring was evaluated using a block-on-ring wear tester at room temperature. It was found that the coating had a unique microstructure consisting of primary dendrites TiC and block Al4C3 carbides reinforcement as well as fine isolated spherical CaF2 solid lubrication particles uniformly dispersed in the NiCrAlTi (γ) matrix. The good friction-reducing and anti-wear abilities of the laser clad composite coating was suggested to the Ni–P electroless plating and the attendant reduction of mass loss of CaF2 and the increasing of it''s wettability with the NiCrAlTi (γ) matrix during the laser cladding process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The synthesis and characterization of a class of group 4 metal derivatives based on the silyl-linked bis(amidinate) ligands [SiMe2{NC(Ph)N(2,6-R2Ph)Li}2] [L1 (R=H) and L2 (R=Me)] are described. The metal salts coordinated with cyclopentadienyl were used in order to increase the steric hindrance and lower the Lewis acidity of metal centers, which could prevent the N-ligands from rearranging. The tetradentate ligands L1 and L2 reacted with TiCl2(C5H5)2 to give compounds 1 and 2 in tridentate and bidentate bonding modes, respectively. Treatment of the ligand L1 with ZrCl3(C5H5) produced the half-sandwich zirconium complex 3. Reactions of the ligands with ZrCl2(C5H5)2 afforded zirconium compounds 4 and 5, demonstrating the same geometry as 1. Comparing these analogous molecular structures, it suggests that the coordination modes of the N-ligands are variable according to the properties of the metal centers as well as the bulky hindrance of the terminal groups on the seven-membered N–C–N–Si–N–C–N backbone. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The interaction of LiN(SiMe3)CH2Ph with one equivalent of benzenitrile gave the N-silyl-N′-benzyl-benzamidinato-lithium compound [{Me3SiNC(Ph)N(CH2Ph)}Li(Et2O)]2 (1). The derivative zirconium and hafnium compounds were produced by the treatment of 1 with ZrCl4 or HfCl4 in tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether at ambient temperature, respectively, with the general formula [Me3SiNC(Ph)N(CH2Ph)]3MCl (M=Zr (2), Hf (3)). Compounds 1, 2 and 3 were also characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction and NMR analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: As a common phenomenon occurring in many material processes, diffusion may induce significant changes in composition and microstructure near the interface. In the present study, liquid/solid (Zn/Cu) interface diffusion experiments in high magnetic fields (up to 12T) were conducted and the thickness changes of diffusion layer under different magnetic field conditions were examined. It was found that there were no noticeable effects of high magnetic fields on the formation of intermetallic phases at the interface. However, the magnetic flux density exerted a non-linear influence on the diffusion layer thickness. This phenomenon should be attributed to the effect of magnetic fields suppressing natural convection and inducing thermo-electromagnetic convection. In addition, the diffusion of Zn into Cu could be retarded by a magnetic field gradient. These results indicate that both the strength and the gradient of high magnetic fields can be used to control the diffusion behavior. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Co-HTC of PVC and bamboo was employed to prepare high-efficiency adsorbent. • The contents of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of hydrochar increased during Co-HTC. • Adsorption capacity of MB on hydrochar produced by addition of PVC increased significantly. • Electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions are the main mechanisms. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was blended into bamboo powder during co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC) to understand the effects on the physicochemical properties and adsorbing ability of hydrochar. The properties of hydrochar were characterized by Zeta potential, elemental analyses, BET, FTIR, XPS, Boehm titration and SEM. The addition of PVC into bamboo in Co-HTC decreased the BET area, and pore volume and radius of hydrochar, but increased the contents of surface hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. The adsorption ability of hydrochar produced by addition of PVC at 473 K over methylene blue (MB) increased significantly. The main adsorption mechanism was electrostatic attraction by –N(CH 3) 2 + of MB and carboxylate of hydrochar, and hydrogen-bonding interaction through N atom of phenothiazine in MB and C–OH of hydrochar. Thus, Co-HTC offers a facile, green and economical alternative for conversion of waste into high-value adsorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The finger vein features have received extensive attention due to their high safety and stability characteristics, and are gradually being used in various fields. However, studies have shown that finger vein recognition systems based on convolutional neural networks are at huge security risks. Criminals can obtain part of the user information of the system through certain illegal operations on the recognition results or the system database stored in the recognition system, which puts the original vein data at huge security risks. Once compromised, the user information stored in the system will be permanently leaked, and the individual's vein features will no longer be safe. In order to solve these problems, we propose a new finger vein image encryption scheme, which applies Rivest–Shamir–Adleman encryption technology to finger vein image encryption. In addition, a complete cancelable finger vein recognition system with template protection is proposed to ensure the security of the user's vein template while maintaining the recognition performance. A set of rigorous comparative experiments and security analyses have been performed on four open databases. The experimental results show that the performance of our proposed encryption scheme and the entire system for the finger veins recognition and protection is reliable and efficient. • Novel finger vein recognition system with template protection. • Novel finger vein image encryption scheme based on the RSA algorithm. • Novel system processing the encrypted image using CNN directly. • Novel system without large extra time overhead cost for template protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Microstructure characterization is important for controlling the quality of laser welding. In the present work, a detailed microstructure characterization by transmission electron microscopy was carried out on the laser welding cast Ni-based superalloy K418 turbo disk and alloy steel 42CrMo shaft and an unambiguous identification of phases in the weldment was accomplished. It was found that there are γ-FeCrNiC austenite solid solution dendrites as the matrix, (Nb, Ti) C type MC carbides, fine and dispersed Ni3 Al γ′ phase as well as Laves particles in the interdendritic region of the seam zone. A brief discussion was given for their existence based on both kinetic and thermodynamic principles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]