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High incidences of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) have been reported in the southern Republic of Korea (ROK). A distinct southern genotype of Orthohantavirus hantanense (HTNV) was identified in Apodemus agrarius chejuensis on Jeju Island. However, its association with HFRS cases in southern ROK remains elusive. We investigated the potential of the southern HTNV genotype as an etiological agent of HFRS. Samples from 22 patients with HFRS and 193 small mammals were collected in the southern ROK. The clinical characteristics of patients infected with the southern HTNV genotype were analysed. Amplicon-based MinION sequencing was employed for southern HTNV from patients and rodents, facilitating subsequent analyses involving phylogenetics and genetic reassortment. High-throughput sequencing of HTNV exhibited higher coverage with a cycle of threshold value below 32, acquiring nearly whole-genome sequences from six patients with HFRS and seven A. agrarius samples. The phylogenetic pattern of patient-derived HTNV demonstrated genetic clustering with HTNV from Apodemus species on Jeju Island and the southern Korean peninsula, revealing genetic reassortment in a single clinical sample between the M and S segments. These findings imply that the southern HTNV genotype has the potential to induce HFRS in humans. The phylogenetic inference demonstrates the diverse and dynamic characteristics of the southern HTNV tripartite genomes. Therefore, this study highlights the significance of active surveillance and amplicon sequencing for detecting orthohantavirus infections. It also raises awareness and caution for physicians regarding the emergence of a southern HTNV genotype as a cause of HFRS in the ROK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Vitamin D is one of the most widely used drugs. • Large use of vitamin D in prevention leads to therapeutic inappropriateness. • Governments must adopt policies without wasting public resources. At the Asl Napoli 3 SUD a local, regional and national level analysis of prescription and spending related to the prescription and dispensing of drugs intended to increase vitamin D levels in the human body was carried out. The Italian Pharmacy Regulatory Agency (AIFA) in late 2019 introduced a prescriptive note of appropriateness (note 96) to regulate the prescribing activity of a drug that is widely used on the Italian national population, significantly affecting spending by the National Health System (NHS). Despite this action there has been an increase in prescription and expenditure of calcifediol at all levels of analysis (national, regional and local) while regarding the remaining Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) referring to drugs used as vitamin D supplement in the Campania Region and at the Asl Napoli 3 SUD there is a slower decrease in expenditure and prescription, sometimes even increasing and in countertendency to the Italian national average. For these reasons, the Campania Region instituted two executive decrees (DD 405/2021 and 91/2022) that led to a marked reduction in spending and prescription in 2022 even higher than in other Italian regional realities. This analysis aims to show how vitamin D prescription is widespread and often inappropriate, attested by wide regional variability. In addition, the main recommendations for the use of these drugs are highlighted in order to raise awareness among all healthcare professionals of the informed use of these molecules ensuring sustainability and governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely acknowledged that patients with cancer commonly experience malnutrition, and some individuals may adopt specific dietary trends. This study investigated the prevalence of malnutrition and dietary trends among Algerian cancer outpatients undergoing chemotherapy. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from January to October 2023 with 71 cancer outpatients undergoing chemotherapy. Malnutrition risk was evaluated using the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST). The questionnaire also collected the occurrence of nutrition impact symptoms, the avoidance of specific food groups, and the use of oral nutritional supplements and dietary supplements. Malnutrition risk was identified in 57.7% (41 cases) of participants. Nutrition impact symptoms were reported by 59.2% (42 cases) of patients. A total of 36 of the patients (50.7%) altered their eating habits by avoiding at least one food group. Among malnourished cancer outpatients, only five used oral nutritional supplements. Dietary supplements were used by 23.9% (27/71) of the patients after cancer diagnosis. Our findings underscore the necessity for a systematic malnutrition assessment in cancer patients. Qualified clinicians should provide nutritional awareness to enhance the quality of life for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) is a unique subspecialty for which accessible educational resources and clinical exposure have historically been limited; surveys show that trainees in both obstetrics and gynecology and pediatrics agree. In 2014, the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology (NASPAG) introduced PAG WebEd, an original and interactive online case-based curriculum designed to bridge this learning gap. As of 2023, there are 35 published PAG WebEd clinical cases with key learning points that present, test, and discuss a variety of current PAG topics. The NASPAG Resident Education Committee (REC) compiled and reviewed administrative data from the module platform to investigate trainee utilization and performance. The activity data and assessment scores for 161 registered users are included and reported in this article. This brief report highlights that a relatively small number of medical trainees use PAG WebEd and aims to raise awareness of this resource through publication. There is potential for many more users to benefit from this resource; its efficacy as an examination and clinical practice tool could also be measured. The NASPAG REC hopes to ultimately show, with increased utilization, that PAG WebEd deserves to be a key piece of PAG-focused medical education. For PAG WebEd information and faculty registration, as well as a link that allows faculty to submit new learners, please visit https://www.naspag.org/pagwebed-information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). The Miyazaki Prefecture has the highest number of SFTS cases in Japan and requires countermeasures for prevention. In this study, we aimed to conduct an epidemiological survey in Miyazaki Prefecture to determine the exposure conditions of SFTSV by measuring the seroprevalence among residents of Miyazaki and to evaluate the factors that influence the endemicity of SFTS. The survey was conducted between June 2014 and April 2019 in all 26 municipalities in Miyazaki Prefecture. SFTSV antibodies were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the blood samples of 6013 residents (3184 men and 2829 women). A questionnaire-based survey of the living environment was also conducted. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age and occupation were significant factors related to the proportion of participants with an optical density (OD) value > 0.2 and a seroprevalence of 0.9 % (54/6013). Seven seropositive individuals (0.1 %) with an OD value of >0.4 were identified (three men and four women, aged 54–69 years), and all were asymptomatic. One participant had a higher OD than the positive control. Although SFTS is endemic in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, its seroprevalence is relatively low. Since some risk areas in Miyazaki prefecture have been identified, it is important to enhance awareness of SFTS in residences and reduce contact with ticks, especially in high-risk areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, but prevalence estimates in former professional athletes are limited. HUDDLE (Heart Health: Understanding and Diagnosing Disease by Leveraging Echocardiograms) aimed to raise awareness and estimate the prevalence of CVD and associated risk factors among members of the National Football League (NFL) Alumni Association and their families through education and screening events. HUDDLE was a multicity, cross-sectional study of NFL alumni and family members aged 50 years and older. Subjects reported their health history and participated in CVD education and screening (blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and transthoracic echocardiogram [TTE] assessments). Phone follow-up by investigators occurred 30 days postscreening to review results and recommendations. This analysis focuses on former NFL athletes. Of 498 participants screened, 57.2% (N = 285) were former NFL players, the majority of whom were African American (67.6%). The prevalence of hypertension among NFL alumni was estimated to be 89.8%, though only 37.5% reported a history of hypertension. Of 285 evaluable participants, 61.8% had structural cardiac abnormalities by TTE. Multivariable analysis showed that hypertension was a significant predictor of clinically relevant structural abnormalities on TTE. HUDDLE identified a large discrepancy between participant self-awareness and actual prevalence of CVD and risk factors, highlighting a significant opportunity for population health interventions. Structural cardiac abnormalities were observed in most participants and were independently predicted by hypertension, affirming the role of TTE for CVD screening in this population aged older than 50 years. (Heart Health: Understanding and Diagnosing Disease by Leveraging Echocardiograms [HUDDLE]; NCT05009589) [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To provide an overview of medication errors (MEs) in veterinary medicine, with a focus on the perianesthetic period; to compare MEs in veterinary medicine with human anesthesia practice, and to describe factors contributing to the risk of MEs and strategies for error reduction. PubMed and CAB abstracts; search terms: [("patient safety" or "medication error∗") AND veterin∗]. Human anesthesia is recognized as having a relatively high risk of MEs. In veterinary medicine, MEs were among the most commonly reported medical error. Predisposing factors for MEs in human and veterinary anesthesia include general (e.g. distraction, fatigue, workload, supervision) and specific factors (e.g. requirement for dose calculations when dosing for body mass, using several medications within a short time period and preparing syringes ahead of time). Data on MEs are most commonly collected in self-reporting systems, which very likely underestimate the true incidence, a problem acknowledged in human medicine. Case reports have described a variety of MEs in the perianesthetic period, including prescription, preparation and administration errors. Dogs and cats were the most frequently reported species, with MEs in cats more commonly associated with harmful outcomes compared with dogs. In addition to education and raising awareness, other strategies described for reducing the risk of MEs include behavioral, communication, identification, organizational, engineering and cognitive aids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular neurosurgery has developed significantly in Nigeria, but its burden and challenges remain unclear. This study systematically reviewed vascular neurosurgical literature from Nigeria. Four research databases and gray literature sources were searched from 1962–2021. ROBINS-I tool was used to assess risk of bias. Descriptive, narrative, and statistical analyses were conducted on all variables. Where appropriate, paired t-tests and Chi-squared independence tests were used (α = 0.05). 56 articles were included and 3203 patients pooled for analysis. Risk of bias was moderate-high. Most articles were published over the last 20 years with retrospective cohort studies and case reports being the most common study designs. The cohort had a relatively even gender split and an average age of 49 years (±22). Cerebrovascular accidents accounted for over 85% of diagnoses, with most etiologies being traumatic. Headache and motor deficit were the most prevalent clinical features. X-ray and carotid angiography were the most commonly reported imaging modalities, closely followed by computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography. The top two radiological diagnoses were ischemic cerebrovascular disease and intracerebral hematoma. Aneurysmal clipping and hematoma evacuation were the most commonly reported treatment modalities. Outcome at last follow-up was favorable in 48%. The mortality rate was 6%. Post-treatment complications included chest infection and rebleeding. This study illustrates the epidemiological burden of neurovascular pathology (based on the available data in published literature) in Nigeria, and raises awareness amongst service providers and researchers of the attendant challenges and epochal trends seen within vascular neurosurgery in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management of acute shoulder dislocation in the emergency department (ED) is common. This study describes the rate, risk factors, and length of stay (LOS) associated with shoulder dislocation reduction failure in the ED. The study was a retrospective case–control study of patients 18 years and older presenting to the ED with acute shoulder dislocation who underwent attempted reduction. Patients with successful reduction on post-reduction first confirmatory imaging are compared with those requiring multiple attempts. Of 398 ED encounters when a shoulder reduction was attempted in the ED, 18.8% (75/398 [95% CI 15.2–22.9%]) required multiple reduction attempts. Patients with successful reduction on first confirmatory imaging were more commonly male (80.2% [95% CI 75.6–84.3%] vs. 68.0% [95% CI 56.8–77.8%]; p = 0.0220), discharged home from the ED (95.4% [95% CI 92.6–97.3%] vs. 84.0% [95% CI 74.4–91.0%]; p = 0.0004), reduced using a traction/countertraction technique (42.1% [95% CI 36.8–47.6%] vs. 29.3% [95% CI 19.9–40.4%]; p = 0.0415), and less likely to have a pre-reduction fracture (26.0% [95% CI 21.4–31.0%] vs. 45.3% [95% CI 34.4–56.7%]; p = 0.0010). Mean length of stay (LOS) for those with successful reduction on first confirmatory imaging was 2 hours and 8 minutes shorter than for those with more than one attempt (p < 0.001). The rate of failed first-pass reduction is higher than previously reported. Furthermore, the ED LOS was significantly longer in patients requiring multiple attempts. Knowledge of the failure rate and risk factors may raise physician awareness and guide future studies evaluating approaches for verification of reduction success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding how individuals utilize and perceive digital mental health interventions may improve engagement and effectiveness. To support intervention improvement, participant feedback was obtained and app use patterns were examined for a randomized clinical trial evaluating a smartphone-based intervention for individuals with bipolar disorder. App use and coaching engagement were examined (n = 124). Feedback was obtained via exit questionnaires (week 16, n = 81) and exit interviews (week 48, n = 17). On average, over 48 weeks, participants used the app for 4.4 h and engaged with the coach for 3.9 h. Participants spent the most time monitoring target behaviors and receiving adaptive feedback and the least time viewing self-assessments and skills. Participants reported that the daily check in helped increase awareness of target behaviors but expressed frustration with repetitiveness of monitoring and feedback content. Participants liked personalizing their wellness plan, but its use did not facilitate skills practice. App use declined over time which participants attributed to clinical stability, content mastery, and time commitment. Participants found the coaching supportive and motivating for app use. App engagement based on viewing time may overestimate engagement. The delay between intervention delivery and the exit interviews and low exit interview participation may introduce bias. Utilization patterns and feedback suggest that digital mental health engagement and efficacy may benefit from adaptive personalization of targets monitored combined with adaptive monitoring and feedback to support skills practice and development. Increasing engagement with supports may also be beneficial. • App use predominantly involved monitoring using the daily and weekly check-ins. • Check-ins encouraged awareness around sleep, routine, early warning signs and symptoms. • App use declined due to clinical stability, content mastery, and time constraints. • Time spent with coaches was substantial and comparable to app use. • Suicidality and functional evaluation calls highlight the need for provider involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) increases the risk of cognitive decline, but the extent to which this can be offset by adherence to an active integrated lifestyle is unknown. This prospective study used the baseline and 2-year follow-up data of 2537 dementia-free elderly ≥60 from PINDEC Project. Lifestyle factors (including physical exercise, social interaction, leisure activities, sleep quality, smoking, and alcohol consumption) were collected and the integrated score was calculated. Participants were divided into three groups based on integrated score tertiles (inactive, ≤3 score; intermediate, 4 score; and active, ≥5). Logistic regression was used in data analysis. 35.2 % participants had 5–6 healthy components, while only 5.4 % had all 6 healthy lifestyles. The multiadjusted odds ratios (ORs, 95 % confidence interval) of early cognitive decline was 1.223 (0.799–1.871) and 1.832 (1.140–2.943) for participants with only one CMD and any two or more CMDs, respectively. An inverse dose-response relationship was found between lifestyle scores and early cognitive decline (P trend = 0.017). In participants with active lifestyle, the OR for early cognitive decline comparing the CMDs status of any two or more CMDs vs. CMDs-free was 0.778 (95%CI: 0.302–2.007). Participants with inactive lifestyle and any two or more CMDs had a near 3.4-fold increased risk of early cognitive decline than those without CMDs who had intermediate to active lifestyle (OR = 3.422, 95%CI: 1.764–6.638). Our research lacks information about nutrition. A dose–response relationship exists between CMDs status and risk of early cognitive decline. However, adherence to an active integrated lifestyle may mitigate this risk. • Lifestyle played a moderating roleon the association between CMDs status and early cognitive decline among older adults. • The association between CMDs status and early cognitive decline was attenuated in older adults with active lifestyle. • Medical staff should focus on raising awareness of the importance of brain-health-related healthy lifestyles in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antipsychotics (APs) are among the most widely prescribed medications, and have been shown to cause cognitive decline. But previous studies on their effects on dementia risk are controversial and scarce. We aimed to examine the relationships of APs exposure with the risk of dementia. Data were obtained from a prospective cohort of 415,100 UK Biobank (UKB) participants. We investigated the effects of APs exposure and their various classes on dementia risk by using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models and further the dose-response effects of oral APs. After a mean follow-up of 8.64 years, 5235 (1.3 %) participants developed all-cause dementia (ACD), among whom 2313 (0.6 %) developed Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 1213 (0.3 %) developed vascular dementia (VaD). Exposure to any APs conferred increased risks of ACD (HR: 1.33, 95 % CI = 1.17–1.51, P < 0.001) and VaD (HR: 1.90, 95 % CI = 1.51–2.40, P < 0.001), but not AD (HR: 1.22, 95 % CI = 1.00–1.48, P = 0.051). Cumulative dose-response relationships of oral APs with the risks of ACD and VaD were observed (P for trend, P < 0.05). Our study is observational and does not show evidence of causality. Since there are relatively few cases of dementia in the UKB, APs exposure may be higher than estimated in our study. APs exposure increased the risk of developing dementia. Dose-response relationships were found between oral APs and dementia risk. Efforts to raise awareness of doctors and patients about this potential drug-related risk are critical to reducing APs use. • Exposure to any antipsychotics (APs) conferred increased risks of dementia. • Cumulative dose-response relationships between oral APs and dementia risk existed. • Both typical and atypical APs increased dementia risk with different effect sizes. • The results were robust across a range of sensitivity analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• It is important to involve alpha generation in the conservation of urban heritage as they will be the next generation responsible for its preservation. • The use of augmented reality based on serious game and GPS-guided applications has proven to be effective for heritage conservations. • This research describes a serious game based on the use of GPS-guided augmented reality in a renaissance village. It is important to involve young people in the conservation of urban heritage as they will be the next generation responsible for its preservation. The use of Augmented Reality (AR) based on Serious Game (SG) and GPS-guided applications has proven to be effective for heritage revitalisation. However, there are currently only a few applications that combine GPS AR and SG for urban heritage enhancement, and these are generally aimed at adult tourists rather than the young people of the alpha generation. This research describes a serious game based on the use of GPS-guided augmented reality in the Renaissance village of Caldana, Italy, to raise awareness of the importance of urban heritage and to stimulate its visit by the alpha generation. The application consists of a treasure hunt that children have to solve by meeting and listening in augmented reality to historical characters who built the Renaissance village at specific points of interest, following a route with increasing levels of difficulty. The application was tested using a questionnaire with a sample of 79 children. The results provide useful indications for the development of augmented reality applications to increase the awareness and attitudes of the alpha generation towards knowledge and conservation of urban heritage. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Carboxylic acids (CAs) have powerful antimicrobial properties, specially at low pH. • Owing to their safety record, CAs are used by industry to assure safe food consumption. • The use of some CAs as antiseptics is done but still in a limited form. • CAs can be more explored as anti-infectious agents. Carboxylic organic acids are intermediates of central carbon metabolic pathways (e.g. acetic, propionic, citric, and lactic acid) long known to have potent antimicrobial potential, mainly at acidic pHs. The food industry has been leveraging those properties for years, using many of these acids as preservatives to inhibit the growth of pathogenic and/or spoilage fungal and bacterial species. A few of these molecules (the most prominent being acetic acid) have been used as antiseptics since Hippocratic medicine, mainly to treat infected wounds in patients with burns. With the growth of antibiotic therapy, the use of carboxylic acids (and other chemical antiseptics) in clinical settings lost relevance; however, with the continuous emergence of multi-antibiotic/antifungal resistant strains, the search for alternatives has intensified. This prospective article raises awareness of the potential of carboxylic acids to control infections in clinical settings, considering not only their previous exploitation in this context (which we overview) but also the positive experience of their safe use in food preservation. At a time of great concern with antimicrobial resistance and the slow arrival of new antimicrobial therapeutics to the market, further exploration of organic acids as anti-infective molecules may pave the way to more sustainable prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychotic disorders have a strong negative impact on multiple aspects of daily life, including people's financial situation. This exploratory study examines the level of financial dissatisfaction and its correlates in a large cohort of people with psychotic disorders. Data from the first assessments of people with psychotic disorders (n = 5271) who were included in the Pharmacotherapy Monitoring and Outcome Survey (PHAMOUS; 2006–2020), which is conducted in the northern Netherlands, were used. The Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA) was used to measure financial dissatisfaction. In addition, sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics, substance use and global and social functioning were assessed. One-fifth to one-third of people with psychotic disorders report financial dissatisfaction, fluctuating over the year in which they were assessed. These proportions are considerably higher than in the general population. Cannabis and other substance use were associated with higher levels of financial dissatisfaction (small to medium effect). The other significant associations showed (very) small effect sizes. Therefore, we conclude that financial dissatisfaction in people with psychotic disorders appears to be relatively independent of other demographic and psychiatric characteristics, and global and social functioning. These findings are an important first step for increasing knowledge on financial dissatisfaction among people with psychotic disorders. The findings can also contribute to raising awareness about the topic for healthcare professionals working in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the distribution of the willingness-to-pay (WTP) to reduce travel time or other unpleasant travel attributes experienced by travellers is crucial to making well-informed choices about infrastructure investments and the pricing of services. Given multimodality, heavy tails, and the impact of averaging errors in the classical parametric distribution-based analysis of WTP, this study compares WTP distributions across six distinct datasets using a range of model specifications, including multinomial logit (MNL), mixed logit (MMNL) and nonparametric logit mixed logit (LML). The models are estimated directly in willingness-to-pay space, highlighting that WTP is not uniformly distributed with a high likelihood of having a multi-modal distribution across the population. The findings confirm the intuition on the presence of negative WTP for some undesirable travel attributes. This study raises awareness among transport researchers, modellers, and authorities about using the correct WTP distributions in practice. It adds some empirical evidence regarding the true underlying WTP distribution of various travel attributes to the transport literature. • Willingness to pay (WTP) distributions for various travel attributes across six datasets are empirically investigated. • Multinomial logit, mixed logit, and non-parametric logit mixed logit (LML) models are estimated in WTP space. • The estimated flexible WTP distributions generally differ from the parametric distributions assumed in mixed logit model. • The estimated flexible WTP distributions reveal multimodality and showcase individuals with negative WTP values. • Among users, the percentage with WTP values above the mean varies across travel attributes, typically staying below 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A first step in studying the molecular nature of dominant mutations is distinguishing between loss- and gain-of-function mutations. Loss-of-function mutations in haploinsufficient loci are dominant to their wild-type alleles. Haploinsufficient genes typically encode components of multimeric complexes or proteins that participate in highly connected nodes in regulatory or signaling pathways. The expression levels of haploinsufficient genes in yeast and plants are tightly controlled, and their reduced expression or overexpression affects fitness. Haploinsufficiency in flowering plants is not always easy to notice, because these plants contain large gene families whose members are functionally redundant. Raising awareness of this phenomenon among plant researchers will increase the detection of haploinsufficiency in plants. In diploid organisms, haploinsufficiency can be defined as the requirement for more than one fully functional copy of a gene. In contrast to most genes, whose loss-of-function alleles are recessive, loss-of-function alleles of haploinsufficient genes are dominant. However, forward and reverse genetic screens are biased toward obtaining recessive, loss-of-function mutations, and therefore, dominant mutations of all types are underrepresented in mutant collections. Despite this underrepresentation, haploinsufficient loci have intriguing implications for studies of genome evolution, gene dosage, stability of protein complexes, genetic redundancy, and gene expression. Here we review examples of haploinsufficiency in flowering plants and describe the underlying molecular mechanisms and evolutionary forces driving haploinsufficiency. Finally, we discuss the masking of haploinsufficiency by genetic redundancy, a widespread phenomenon among angiosperms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal movements are intrinsic to some forms of endogenous psychoses. Spontaneous dyskinesias are observed in drug-naïve first-episode patients and at-risk subjects. However, recent descriptions of spontaneous dyskinesias may actually represent the rediscovery of a more complex phenomenon, 'parakinesia' which was described and documented in extensive cinematographic recordings and long-term observations by German and French neuropsychiatrists decades before the introduction of antipsychotics. With the emergence of drug induced movement disorders, the description of parakinesia has been refined to emphasize the features enabling differential diagnosis with tardive dyskinesia. Unfortunately, parakinesia was largely neglected by mainstream psychiatry to the point of being almost absent from the English-language literature. With the renewed interest in motor phenomena intrinsic to SSD, it was timely not only to raise awareness of parakinesia, but also to propose a scientifically usable definition for this phenomenon. Therefore, we conducted a Delphi consensus exercise with clinicians familiar with the concept of parakinesia. The original concept was separated into hyperkinetic parakinesia (HPk) as dyskinetic-like expressive movements and parakinetic psychomotricity (PPM), i.e., patient's departing from the patient's normal motion style. HPk prevails on the upper part of the face and body, resembling expressive and reactive gestures that not only occur inappropriately but also appear distorted. Abnormal movements vary in intensity depending on the level of psychomotor arousal and are thus abated by antipsychotics. HPk frequently co-occurs with PPM, in which gestures and mimics lose their naturalness and become awkward, disharmonious, stiff, mannered, and bizarre. Patients are never spontaneously aware of HPk or PPM, and the movements are never experienced as self-dystonic or self-alien. HPk and PPM are highly specific to endogenous psychoses, in which they are acquired and progressive, giving them prognostic value. Their differential diagnoses and correspondences with current international concepts are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevailing notion that reduced cofactors NADH and FADH2 transfer electrons from the tricarboxylic acid cycle to the mitochondrial electron transfer system creates ambiguities regarding respiratory Complex II (CII). CII is the only membrane-bound enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is part of the electron transfer system of the mitochondrial inner membrane feeding electrons into the coenzyme Q-junction. The succinate dehydrogenase subunit SDHA of CII oxidizes succinate and reduces the covalently bound prosthetic group FAD to FADH2 in the canonical forward tricarboxylic acid cycle. However, several graphical representations of the electron transfer system depict FADH2 in the mitochondrial matrix as a substrate to be oxidized by CII. This leads to the false conclusion that FADH2 from the β-oxidation cycle in fatty acid oxidation feeds electrons into CII. In reality, dehydrogenases of fatty acid oxidation channel electrons to the Q-junction but not through CII. The ambiguities surrounding Complex II in the literature and educational resources call for quality control, to secure scientific standards in current communications of bioenergetics, and ultimately support adequate clinical applications. This review aims to raise awareness of the inherent ambiguity crisis, complementing efforts to address the wellacknowledged issues of credibility and reproducibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anhedonia is described as a decreased ability to experience rewarding and enjoyable activities, a core symptom of major depressive disorder. The sucrose preference test (SPT) is a widely used and reliable behavioural test to assess anhedonia in rodents, based on a two-bottle choice paradigm. To date, different protocols are in use, inducing variability between researchers and hampering comparisons between studies. We performed a systematic review of the SPT protocols used in 2021 to identify the parameters in which they differ and their potential impact. We searched a total of four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct), from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021, and screened a total of 1066 articles. After screening by title and abstract, a total of 415 articles were included in this review. We extracted and analysed the different procedures used, the type of sweet solution and the habituation, deprivation, and testing protocols. The overall quality of the studies was considered very good, however, SPT protocols were extremely variable between studies with a total of 65 different habituation protocols and 104 combinations of food/water deprivation and preference testing duration. As the SPT is one of the most used tests to assess anhedonia in rodents, this work raises awareness of the great variability in SPT protocols being currently used. Furthermore, we call for standardization in the protocol used, and overall improvement of data reporting of methodologies and results, to increase the consistency between studies and allow a better comparison of results between different labs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Confined space work is an important activity in various industries and a significant cause of workplace fatalities worldwide. Accidents and fatalities persist despite international standards, regulations, and efforts to improve safety in confined spaces. To address this issue, it is crucial to understand and disseminate knowledge on accident prevention strategies for confined spaces, to raise awareness among safety practitioners, and to harmonize communication between designers and end-users to anticipate OHS risks throughout a structure's lifecycle. Besides, confined spaces are unique and context-dependent, which affects the flexibility of their design and modifications. This paper introduces a Confined Space Permanent Collective Protection (CSPCP) knowledge base as a set of design-oriented principles and sub-principles that can be integrated into confined spaces to protect workers. It incorporates data from legislative and normative safety management frameworks, Inherently Safer Design (ISD) principles, literature-based solutions, expert knowledge, and contextual guidance on 112 CSPCP solutions based on the analysis of 19 case studies. This guidance is finally presented as a relational database, considering input from experts and client-side designers to understand the advantages and limitations of CSPCP for retrofitting confined spaces or designing and manufacturing new ones. Moreover, it provides owners, designers, and safety specialists access through flexible queries to help them balance safety, profitability, and investment. • The article outlines principles for designing new or retrofit confined spaces to minimize occupational risks. • Context of use determines flexibility in mitigating confined space risks and preventing fatalities. • An ISD knowledge base is introduced based on the contextual guidance of 19 case studies. • Applying effective ISD solutions in confined spaces is hindered by constraints in retrofitting existing structures. • Balancing risk reduction efficacity and feasibility, particularly in retrofitting settings, drives measures' adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meningiomas are one of the most common benign primary brain tumors; however, there is a paucity of literature on potential preventability. This comprehensive review aimed to explore the existing evidence for the potential risk factors that may contribute to meningioma development and to discuss early prevention strategies. Literature search was conducted via MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database to retrieve existing literature on various environmental exposures and lifestyle behaviors that are potential risk factors for the development of meningiomas. Significant risk factors included exposure to ionizing radiation and certain environmental chemicals. Notably, this study also identified that cigarette smoking and obesity are associated with the development of meningiomas. To date, wireless phone usage, hormonal exposures, dietary factors, and traumatic brain injury remain inconclusive. Early prevention strategies should primarily be family-driven, community-based, and public health-endorsed strategies. Targeting unhealthy behaviors through healthcare organizations could execute a pivotal role in the maintenance of an optimum lifestyle, reducing the development of risk factors pertinent to meningiomas. To our knowledge, this is the first study that offers a perspective on prevention of meningiomas. A causal relationship of risk factors in developing meningiomas cannot be directly established with the current evidence. We are aware of the limitations of the hypothesis, but we believe that this study will raise more awareness and our findings could potentially be endorsed by organizations promoting health across the globe. Further prospective and retrospective studies will shed more light on this topic and help establish a definitive relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Continuous monitoring in a museum setting of the relief, shape deformation and surface strain of a painted wooden panel of cultural significance. • Shape deflection and strain are linked to moisture variations and structural reinforcements (frame and cradle). • A painted wooden panel of cultural significance is placed in a climatic showcase to assess its hygromechanical behaviour. • Experimental study of the hygromechanical response of a wooden panel by using a non-contact optical technique. • To raise public awareness of the conservation of artworks and the interaction between cultural heritage professionals and academics. In order to prevent damage to painted wooden panels from the cultural heritage sector, curators and conservators must provide the hygroscopic and thermal conditions necessary for their conservation. Furthermore, the design of physical reinforcements such as frames or cradles has to be considered. In this paper, experiments were designed to determine the kinematic response of a painting to hygrometric variations both before and after remedial conservation treatments were undertaken. This study was carried out in the Fabre Museum, Montpellier on the panel painting " La Sainte Trinité couronnant la Vierge " (« The Coronation of the Virgin by the Holy Trinity ») , which was placed in a climate-controlled showcase in a museum exhibition space. A glass panel on either side allowed visitors to see both sides of the panel during the experiment. At the same time, two stereoscopic devices allowed us to follow the relief, the shape deformation and surface strain of the panel on its front and back sides. First, the mechanical effect of the frame and cradle was studied. The majority of the deformation was found to be due to the cradle; initially the panel had a complex warp (-5 to 10 mm), decreasing to (-1 to +2 mm) when the cradle was removed. The continuous monitoring (two images per hour) was carrried out to assess the behaviour of the panel during imposed relative humidity (RH) variations of about 13 % RH (between 65 % RH for the maximum and 52 % RH for the minimum) for both the absorption and desorption phases. The global mechanical effect on the curvature was very clear with an opposite direction of deflection between absorption and desorption phases. A comparison of the behaviour of the panel with and without the cradle showed that the change in curvature was about twice as great (4 mm) without the cradle, and its direction moved from an initial slight negative curvature state to a positive one. In terms of strain on both the surfaces, we observed a horizontal shrinkage of about -0.1 % during the desorption phase and a swelling of about +0.1 % during the absorption phase for both the front and back sides of the panel. A further local study allowed us to assess the mechanical phenomenon for each board with the local determination of cupping angles and surface strains. This local study highlighted the change in behaviour of the panel without the cradle. On both sides, the local surface strains were decomposed into the mean strain and the deviation from the mean strain. The study highlighted the fact that the intensity of the mean strain (local swelling or shrinkage due to the hygroscopic changes) was the same for each configuration and was about 0.1 %. Nevertheless, in the case of the panel without the cradle, the imposed variation of relative humidity was smaller (8 % RH instead of 13 % RH), so proportionally the mean strain is higher compared to the case with a cradle. This study over five years has been success in terms of innovative development and multidisciplinary research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Perception of streetscape design affects commuting route choice of cyclists. • VR and eye-tracking to collect top-down perception data of cyclists. • Map survey to collect routes and streetscape elements of cyclists. • Added value of the method in terms of learning and usability. To encourage behavioural changes that reduce car use, understanding travel behaviour and interventions in infrastructure are necessary. Understanding the route choices of cyclists and their motivation based on their preferences regarding their trip attributes is essential to improve cycling infrastructure and encourage active travel modes such as cycling. This research aims to explore the influence of streetscape design features (SDFs) on cyclists' route choices by developing a mixed-method approach to collect objective and subjective data from 22 volunteers. We used a survey (Maptionnaire) with a virtual reality (VR) and eye-tracking experiment to simulate a bicycle trip in Enschede, The Netherlands. Results showed that despite differences between usual and ideal routes regarding SDFs (such as the presence of vegetation, water bodies, and road intersections), factors such as infrastructure provision and quality have a more significant impact when choosing a route. The novelty of the proposed methodology lies in combining data from the different methods to improve understanding regarding the influence of SDFs in cyclists' route choices and raise awareness among the participants about the influence of SDFs on their route choices. These results may encourage future studies to develop and implement alternative mixed-methods approaches to increase understanding of cyclists' travel behaviour. From a practitioner's perspective, implementing such mixed-method for data collection may increase the efficiency of the process to aid in the development of contextual data-driven interventions that encourage the use of bicycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this discussion is to raise awareness on the danger of leaders being overtaxed when expectations are excessive; not compatible and do not correspond to leader's nature, or even when there is an excessive expectation of performance. The laboratory situation of a overwintering in Antarctica is suitable for approaching such a topic. An extensive analysis of relevant publications of the last decades on demands on station managers and general psychosocial influencing factors in such an environment clarifies a discrepancy in the scientific canon. Although such influences can affect all over-winterers, they are not considered in the description of expectations for station managers. The perception of this neglected aspect should not only be considered in the future design of expectations in ICE-regions and spaceflight, but provides a transfer to the everyday world, whether leaders are not also confronted here with expectations that are often too extensive and not individualized. • The laboratory situation of wintering in Antarctica is suitable for approaching possible excessive demands on managers. • The extensive analysis of relevant publications of the last decades on demands on station managers and general psychosocial influencing factors in such an environment illustrates a discrepancy in the scientific canon. • When expectations are excessive, incompatible and do not correspond to the nature of the manager, there is a risk of overstrain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) affects elderly individuals and is characterized by a progressive deterioration of gait, urinary continence, and cognition. In most cases, it is reversible with treatment. INPH is not uncommonly an unrecognized cause of dementia. We wish to raise awareness of iNPH among primary care providers who are seeing these patients first. We reviewed the current epidemiological data regarding iNPH as well as epidemiological data regarding Alzheimer disease. We searched for the most sensitive radiological screening test for iNPH. Alzheimer disease comprises 60%–70% of all dementia cases, in 2023 is affecting 6.7 million Americans, about 10.7% of people 65 and older. Epidemiological data from the Scandinavian countries confirmed that 3.7% of people older than 65 have iNPH. Surgical studies confirmed the presence of early Alzheimer's pathology in about 25% of operated patients with iNPH. Useful radiological findings of iNPH include an Evans Index greater than 0.30, and a disproportionally enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH). However, the callosal angle is thought to represent the best tool to discriminate iNPH from its mimics. According to the available epidemiological data iNPH is underdiagnosed. We strongly encourage the primary care physicians and geriatricians to ask the radiologist to measure the callosal angle on the initial brain computed tomography (or magnetic resonance) image. If the callosal angle is ≤71°, it is appropriate to refer the patient to neurosurgery for further diagnostic work-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Understand the main facts and legal reasoning behind the decisions of the Bergman and Slone cases. 2. Understand the special features of vulnerable populations that place clinicians at increased risk for liability of abuse allegations when undertreating their chronic, severe pain. Clinicians have cut back or avoided opioid prescribing due to concerns about the opioid overdose crisis. Recent court decisions have shown that under-prescribing opioid therapy may increase clinicians' liability or risk for abuse allegations when treating vulnerable populations. Critics have blamed the "opioid overdose epidemic" on overprescribing, prompting clinicians to avoid or reduce opioid prescribing. A Kentucky jury found that a physician groups' undertreatment of a disabled patient's chronic pain contributed to his death by suicide, awarding his widow $7M (Dryda, 2021). This recalled the California case, Bergman vs. Chin, in which a patient's family sued his physician for not treating his cancer pain sufficiently, resulting in a $1.5M award (Kollas, 2008). We seek to raise awareness that under-prescribing opioids for vulnerable patients, including patients receiving palliative care, may increase clinicians' liability or risk for abuse allegations. Case law and analysis of relevant legal reasoning. In Bergman, the plaintiffs argued that under-treating the patient's pain constituted elder abuse under California law. In Slone vs Commonwealth Pain Associates, the plaintiff argued that under-treatment of severe pain caused the patient's suicide. The judge cited the medical community's acknowledgement of harm risks from opioid tapering protocols as influencing his jury instructions. He noted the rapid onset of Slone's suicide ideation as caused by abrupt opioid discontinuation, rather than depression. These cases underscore the risk to clinicians for under-prescribing opioids in a population of vulnerable patients with severe pain. The patients' vulnerable status provided a litigation pathway for their families to recover damages from their deaths. Palliative care clinicians should understand that under-prescribing opioid for severe pain in vulnerable patients may increase their medical liability or constitute abuse. Ethical / Legal Aspects of Care / Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, Belonging, Justice [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In summer 2022, Southwest China (SWC) suffered its worst drought since 1980, with a rainfall deficit and an extremely high temperature anomaly. This had a severely harmful effect on agricultural production, water resources, and hydroelectric supply over SWC. Both a less-than-normal water vapor supply and warmer-than-normal temperature contribute to the precipitation decrease associated with drought. Using the observed station data from the China Meteorological Administration and the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA5) data, our results show that the 2022 summer drought over SWC was caused by both the less-than-normal water vapor supply and warmer-than-normal temperature, and the warmer temperature played a more important role, unlike in previous droughts. The warmer air temperature for the 2022 summer induced record-breaking potential evapotranspiration (PET) over SWC, reducing surface water and drying out soils. Meanwhile, the warmer air temperature made it difficult for water vapor to reach saturation, resulting in a decrease in precipitation over the whole of SWC. We found that such anomalous water vapor supply and temperature were closely related to the South Asian high (SAH) during summer 2022. The SAH was stronger and covered a larger area than during other summer SWC droughts since 1980. The anomalous 2022 summer SAH inhibited the water vapor transport from the tropical Indian Ocean to SWC and further caused a significant warming temperature anomaly by regulating the thickness of the layer between isobaric surfaces, which contributed to the record-breaking summer drought over SWC. Our study highlights the vital role played by warmer temperatures in the 2022 summer drought. Considering that the warming air temperature under greenhouse-gas forcing may cause more droughts like that in 2022 in the future, the 2022 drought may yield useful information that will provide insight into future droughts and raise awareness of the impact of temperature on extreme climate events. • In summer 2022, Southwest China suffered its strongest drought since 1980. • Warmer temperature played a more important role than reduced moisture supply in the 2022 drought. • The South Asian High played a vital role in the 2022 drought by modifying local moisture and temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Having the choice to stay living in one's home and community for as long as possible is a desire of people living with dementia. Yet, for many, this is not a reality due to a lack of appropriate support, unsuitable housing and built environments, social exclusion, and stigma. The global movement called Dementia Friendly Communities aims to address such barriers and bring about positive change. At the local place-based level, Dementia Friendly Community initiatives are typically planned and implemented by committees, yet little is known about how they operate to enact Dementia Friendly Community principles. Using micro-ethnography and a case study approach, two Australian – Queensland Dementia Friendly Community committees and their activities were studied to better understand implementation at the local level. This involved 16 semi-structured interviews, participant observation and field notes identifying goals, approaches, and tensions. While both committees showed the capacity to raise awareness of issues impacting people living with dementia, there were substantial differences in the implementation of the key Dementia Friendly Community principle of inclusion of people living with dementia and carers. Key differences were the way people living with dementia were positioned and the part they were expected to play in committees, whether they were empowered and valued or tokenistically included yet not listened to. Three aspects of practice are central to more meaningful inclusion: engagement, power-sharing, and leadership. Local action groups directed and led by people living with dementia and their carers, with the support of key local people and organizations, help to progress Dementia Friendly Communities locally. • Dementia Friendly Communities aim to support people living with dementia to remain active and engaged in communities. • Two Dementia Friendly committees were observed locally in Queensland using a micro- ethnography and a case study approach. • Little is known about how communities operate to enact Dementia Friendly Communities. • Findings highlighted the differences in engagement, power sharing, and leadership. • Inclusive processes are needed to engage with people living with dementia in Dementia Friendly Communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemocompatibility evaluation is an important step in nanotoxicological studies. It is generally accepted that nanomaterials promote lysis of erythrocytes, blood clotting, alter phagocytosis, and upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, there are no standardized guidelines for testing nanomaterials hemocompatibility despite the fact that nanomaterials enter the bloodstream and interact with blood cells. In this review, the current knowledge on the ability of nanomaterials to induce distinct cell death modalities of erythrocytes is highlighted primarily focusing on hemolysis and eryptosis. This review aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying erythrotoxicity of nanomaterials and critically compare the sensitivity and efficiency of hemolysis or eryptosis assays for nanomaterials blood compatibility testing. The list of eryptosis-inducing nanomaterials is growing, but it is still difficult to generalize how physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles affect eryptosis degree and molecular mechanisms involved. Thus, another aim of this review is to raise the awareness of eryptosis as a nanotoxicological tool to encourage the corresponding studies. It is worthwhile to consider adding eryptosis to in vitro nanomaterials hemocompatibility testing protocols and guidelines. • Diverse nanomaterials induce eryptosis, a regulated apoptosis-like cell death mode of mature erythrocytes. • Eryptosis detection is an efficient tool in nanotoxicological studies. • Eryptosis assays can supplement hemolysis assays in studies investigating hemocompatibility of nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The exposure strength of MPs released from kitchens is raising. • The variety of kitchenware and cooking methods increases the release of MPs. • There may be links between some diseases with prolonged exposure to MPs. • Key challenges and directions for further research on MPs pollution are provided. The intensification of microplastics (MPs) pollution has emerged as a formidable environmental challenge, with profound global implications. The pervasive presence of MPs across a multitude of environmental mediums, such as the atmosphere, soil, and oceans, extends to commonplace items, culminating in widespread human ingestion and accumulation via channels like food, water, and air. In the domestic realm, kitchens have become significant epicenters for MPs pollution. A plethora of kitchen utensils, encompassing coated non-stick pans, plastic cutting boards, and disposable utensils, are known to release substantial quantities of MPs particles in everyday use, which can then be ingested alongside food. This paper conducts a thorough examination of contemporary research addressing the release of MPs from kitchen utensils during usage and focuses on the health risks associated with MPs ingestion, as well as the myriad factors influencing the release of MPs in kitchen utensils. Leveraging the insights derived from this analysis, this paper proposes a series of strategic recommendations and measures targeted at mitigating the production of MPs in kitchen settings. These initiatives are designed not solely to diminish the release of MPs but also to enhance public awareness regarding this pressing environmental concern. By adopting more informed practices in kitchens, we can significantly contribute to the reduction of the environmental burden of MPs pollution, thus safeguarding both human health and the ecological system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sexually exploited young men are prevalent, yet underrepresented in clinical practice, policy and research. There are multiple barriers that often prevent young men to disclose and to seek or receive support, such as gender norms, limited awareness of victimization and feelings of guilt and shame. Objective: By gaining more insight into the background characteristics of young men who experienced sexual exploitation and their needs, this study aims to raise awareness and to better inform policymakers, care- and educational professionals on adequate prevention and intervention efforts. Methods: Twenty-six young men (age 14–32) who experienced sexual exploitation or other forms of sexual violence in their youth or were at high-risk, participated in this qualitative study that was conducted in The Netherlands. By means of semi-structured interviews and case-file analyses, data was collected to identify risk and protective factors in their life-course and support needs. Results: Several vulnerabilities (e.g. previous experiences of abuse and neglect, household dysfunction, social rejection, running away, substance use) and a lack of positive and supportive relationships led young men into high-risk situations. Among these were involvement in pay dates, criminality and having to survive from day to day, which contributed to victimization. Prevailing gender norms and experiences of stigmatization were often a barrier to express vulnerabilities and to disclose victimization. There was a wide variety in support needs, including peer-to-peer support, therapy, support with day-to-day practices and anonymous support. Conclusions: These results will contribute to adequate prevention and trauma-informed intervention strategies that meet the unique needs of young men at risk for, or victim of sexual exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Patient preferences and perspectives on injectable drug delivery vary widely, though many factors contributing to these differences are not well understood. • The SC Consortium, consisting of members from pharma/biotech industry, aims to advance patient-centric subcutaneous drug delivery. • The Consortium conducted an internal survey of parameters impacting patient experience. • The current knowledge of factors impacting patient preference are discussed and expert insights are provided to address key knowledge gaps. Subcutaneous (SC) drug delivery can be a safe, effective alternative to the traditional intravenous route of administration, potentially offering notable advantages for both patients and healthcare providers. The SC Drug Development & Delivery Consortium convened in 2018 to raise awareness of industry challenges to advance the development of patient-centric SC drug delivery strategies. The SC Consortium identified better understanding of patient preferences and perspectives as necessary to optimize SC product design attributes and help guide design decisions during SC product development. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of patient-centric factors for consideration in the SC drug delivery design and development process with the aim of establishing a foundation of existing knowledge for patient experiences related to SC drug delivery. This overview is informed by the outcomes of a multi-step survey of Consortium members and key pharmaceutical stakeholders. Framed in the context of the patient's treatment journey, the survey findings offer future perspectives to fill data gaps to advance patient-centric SC drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research on feedback processes posits that furthering students' feedback literacy leads to scaffolded learning by effectively engaging them in seeking, understanding, and using feedback information. This study examined effects of a social-constructionist approach to feedback literacy on students' development of feedback literacy, scaffolded learning, and resilience. Accordingly, we raised students' awareness of feedback dynamics within the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), while engaged in collaborative writing with co-writers. A mixed-methods design was adopted comprising measures of feedback literacy, writing, and resilience before and after the intervention. Semi-structured interviews were also held to probe students' post-intervention attitudes. Posttest scores and ratings showed significant improvement in the experimental group's feedback literacy, writing proficiency, and resilience. Further, interviews revealed that feedback literate students developed positive perceptions of feedback processes arising from scaffolded writing and that their enhanced awareness brought them opportunities for engagement, collaboration, graduated scaffolding in the ZPD, and sustained motivation for writing. • Feedback literacy boosts learning and resilience. • Social-constructionist approach improved feedback literacy. • Social-constructionist improved scaffolded learning and resilience. • Intervention raised awareness of feedback dynamics within ZPD. • Feedback literate students had positive perceptions about writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change leads to the frequent occurrence of natural disasters. It has had a severe impact on agricultural economic growth in China. Based on data in China from 2004 to 2020, this paper uses a fixed-effect model to discuss the effects of natural disasters on agricultural economic growth. The empirical results are as follows. (1) Natural disasters negatively affect agricultural economic growth. The regression coefficient of natural disasters on agricultural economic growth is −0.1183. (2) The inhibition of agricultural economic growth by natural disasters is more prominent in areas with low government attention and average agricultural production conditions. (3) The mechanism analysis shows that natural disasters inhibit agricultural economic growth through channels that cause the spread of diseases and pests. (4) Expanding the scale of agricultural insurance can prevent the impact of natural disasters on agricultural economic growth. This research provides policy recommendations for preventing the negative impacts of natural disasters. Agricultural producers should raise awareness of disaster management and improve the accuracy of disaster warning mechanisms. • This paper measures the level of natural disasters in China. • This paper expands the application field of functional data analysis methods. • This paper examines the mechanism of natural disasters affecting agricultural economic growth. • This paper provides policy suggestions for ensuring agricultural economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present three cases of chronic follicular conjunctivitis resulting from the zoonotic transmission of Chlamydia felis from domestic cats. Our objective is to raise awareness regarding the potential zoonotic transmission of Chlamydia felis from domestic cats and describe the methodology for definitive pathogen identification using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and subsequent sequence analysis, a useful tool in the identification of these rare pathogens. We discuss the factors that could be contributing to the potential under-diagnosis of zoonotic C. felis infections and propose a treatment regime for cases of C. felis -related conjunctivitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Responsible companion animal guardianship (RCAG) covers aspects that are relevant to both animal and human health. Understanding the factors associated with adherence to RCAG principles can guide accountability, animal welfare and disease control. The present observational study describes the level of adherence to RCAG by guardians living in a medium-sized Brazilian municipality and identifies the factors associated with inadequate guardianship. Questionnaires were administered to randomly selected guardians of 704 dogs. The binary outcome of the study, namely more and less adequate compliers to RCAG principles, was analyzed using a score list comprising eight variables relating to the care provided to the dogs, namely provision of veterinary services, vaccination against rabies, deworming, no access to the streets without supervision, walking with guardian, dog freedom at home, registration (microchipping) and satisfactory food supply. Factors possibly associated with less adequate adherence to RCAG by the guardian, such as socioeconomic and cultural features of the guardians, characteristics of the dogs and attributes of the guardian-animal interactions, were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. The RCAG actions least adopted by guardians were animal registration, provision of veterinary care, walking with the dog and preventing access of the dogs to the streets without supervision. Individuals who cared for a single dog, a mixed breed dog or had previously lost a dog were less likely to show adequate adherence to RCAG. Conversely, guardians who owned cars, acquired dogs as puppies, lived in households with a maximum of four residents, cared for a sterilized dog or thought that caring for a dog was easier than (or as) expected, had a higher chance of showing adequate adherence to RCAG. The results verify that the socioeconomic and behavioral characteristic of guardians must be taken into consideration for understanding the adherence to RCAG. In addition, it is important to facilitate access to veterinary services and to raise awareness about the significance of a safe and healthy environment for companion animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemotropic mycoplasmas are bacteria that attaches to erythrocytes surface, which some species presents zoonotic concerns. In the suborder Pinnipedia, genera Otaria and Arctocephalus are prominent in Brazil. This study investigated the occurrence of hemoplasmas in Arctocephalus sp. and Otaria flavescens found dead along the coast of a Southern Brazilian State. DNA from 135 spleen samples were extracted and subjected to conventional PCR protocols, targeting the 16 S rRNA and 23 S rRNA gene. Three (2.22 %) Arctocephalus australis were positive in the 16 S rRNA gene, and no samples amplified in the 23 S rRNA gene. Samples from this study clustered with Zalophus californianus and Arctocephalus tropicalis mycoplasmas on a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. Genetic diversity analysis suggested distinct genotypes, indicating A. australis as a new host for hemoplasma, and also a potential putative novel hemoplasma genotype. These findings raises future awareness for pinnipeds conservation, and adds Mycoplasma spp. to be taken into consideration when clinically evaluating rescued animals. • Studies on hemoplasmas in pinnipeds are still in the early stages; this is only the second report in Brazil. • This is the first report of hemoplasmas in Arctocephalus australis. • australis found in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil, can be infected by a putative novel hemoplasma genotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) and Reading Difficulties (RD) can show more peer relation problems depending on the informant. (1) To explore bullying victims' categorization, evaluated by self- and peer-reports, in children with DLD and RD; and (2) to assess agreement rates between informants. Victimization was assessed using a self-report (EBIP-Q) and a peer-report sociogram (CESC) in a sample of 83 participants (9–12 years; 10.5 ± 1.1 years), comprising of DLD (n = 19), RD (n = 32), and Control (n = 32) groups. We found a higher frequency of the rejected sociometric profile in the DLD and RD groups, a higher peer-reported victimization in the DLD group, and more severe self-reported victimization in the DLD and RD groups. Odds of being classified as victimized were higher for self-report except in the DLD group. Informants' agreement was high using the most restrictive EBIP-Q criterion (7 points) for both the Control and the RD groups, being non-significant for the DLD group regardless of the criteria used. We found a higher victimization risk in children with language difficulties, although self-assessment seems to under-detect children with DLD according to the agreement rates, pointing out the need to combine assessments and informants. Several studies have shown that children with DLD or RD obtain higher scores of victimization and score lower on several scales of social skills with continuous data. Although continuous analyses are usual in research, professional decisions are usually based on cut-off criteria more than how high or low a score is in contrast to another group. This is one of the first works that analyses victimization following the cut-off criteria of self and peer assessments that professionals used in the school settings in children with DLD and RD. Our results will raise awareness among school professionals based on the evidence about the high risk of victimization, especially in children with DLD, and the implications of selecting between several measures of victimization, in this group of children. We think that our results would help to better detect and prevent bullying in schools for children with DLD. • Children with DLD and RD face increased chances of being bullied and labeled as rejected by peers in sociograms • Agreement rates of victimization is low in children with DLD, who seem to underestimate their victimization. • Complementary approaches and informants should be used to assess victimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine whether a "letter to my future self" analyzed using structural topic modeling (STM) represents a useful technique in revealing how participants integrate educational content into planned future behaviors. 453 club-sports athletes in a concussion-education randomized control study wrote two-paragraph letters describing what they hoped to remember after viewing one of three randomly assigned educational interventions. A six-topic solution revealed three topics related to the content of the education and three topics related to the participant behavioral takeaways. The content-related topics reflected the educational content viewed. The behavioral takeaway topics indicated that the Consequence-based education was more likely to generate the Concussion Seriousness[CS:23%] topic while Traditional(24%) and Consequence-based(20%) interventions were more likely to generate the Responsibility for Brain Health[BH] topic. Traditional(21%) and Revised-symptom(17%) interventions were more likely to generate the Awareness and Action topics. Unstructured user-generated data in the form of a "letter to my future self" analyzed using structural topic modeling provides a novel evaluation of the present and likely future impact of educational interventions. Patient educators can enhance the effectiveness of education through the application of these methods to the evaluation of and innovation in programs. • A "letter to their future self" reveals content and behavioral intentions produced by the education. • Structured topic modeling (STM) offers insights into the effectiveness of patient education. • STM offers qualitative insights with quantitative ease. • This method has the potential to inspire innovation in health education. • A template for the application of the method is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Females were less likely to receive bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) • In public locations, lower arrest recognition partly explained the sex difference. • Reasons for the observed differences should be investigated, and public education and training should address this issue. • Bystander AED use was lower in females, mostly explained by fewer female arrests in a public location. To assess whether bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) differed by patient sex among bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA). This study is a retrospective analysis of paramedic-attended OHCA in New South Wales (NSW) between January 2017 to December 2019 (restricted to bystander-witnessed cases). Exclusions included OHCA in aged care, medical facilities, with advance care directives, from non-medical causes. Multivariate logistic regression examined the association of patient sex with bystander CPR. Secondary outcomes were OHCA recognition, bystander AED application, initial shockable rhythm, and survival outcomes. Of 4,491cases, females were less likely to receive bystander CPR in private residential (Adjusted Odds ratio [AOR]: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.70–0.95) and public locations (AOR: 0.58, 95%CI:0.39–0.88). OHCA recognition during the emergency call was lower for females arresting in public locations (84.6% vs 91.6%, p = 0.002) and this partially explained the association of sex with bystander CPR (∼44%). This difference in recognition was not observed in private residential locations (p = 0.2). Bystander AED use was lower for females (4.8% vs 9.6%, p < 0.001); however, after adjustment for location and other covariates, this relationship was no longer significant (AOR: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.60–1.12). Females were less likely to be in an initial shockable rhythm (AOR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.44–0.61), but more likely to survive the event (AOR: 1.34, 95%CI: 1.15–1.56). There was no sex difference in survival to hospital discharge (AOR: 0.96, 95%CI: 0.77–1.19). OHCA recognition and bystander CPR differ by patient sex in NSW. Research is needed to understand why this difference occurs and to raise public awareness of this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental water research lacks clear methodology to estimate experimental error. Especially when natural waters are involved, the characterization tools bear method-specific artifacts while the varying environmental conditions prevent regular repeats. This tutorial review identifies common mistakes, and proposes a practical procedure to determine experimental errors at the example of membrane filtration. Statistical analysis is often applied to an insufficient number of repeated measurements, while not all error sources and contributions are considered. This results in an underestimation of the experimental error. Variations in relevant experimental parameters need to be investigated systematically, and the related errors are quantified as a half of the variation between the max and min values when standard deviation is not applicable. Error of calculated parameters (e.g. flux, pollutant removal and mass loss) is estimated by applying error propagation, where weighing contributions of the experimental parameters are considered. Appropriate judgment and five-time repetition of a selected experiment under identical conditions are proposed to validate the propagated experimental error. For validation, the five repeated data points should lie within the estimated error range of the error bar. The proposed error evaluation procedure is adaptable in experimental water research and intended for researchers to identify the contributing factors of an experimental error and carry out appropriate error quantification and validation. The most important aim is to raise awareness of the necessity to question error methodology and reproducibility of experimental data, to produce and publish high quality research. [Display omitted] • Error estimation methods are lacking in experimental water research. • A practical method for experimental error estimation is proposed. • Identification and quantification of error sources in membrane filtration is demonstrated. • Error propagation is used to estimate experimental errors in membrane filtration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Crystal measurement, especially on-line measurement, in industrial crystallization is always a challenging topic in the past years, which is crucial to precisely understand crystal dynamic behavior and product quality control. With the development of photoelectric sensing technology, various on-line/in situ crystal measurement technologies (CMTs) have been developed to extract crystal morphological information, detect crystal form and even microstructure. This paper critically reviews the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of various existing CMTs, and their applications in exploring new crystal forms, characterization, prediction, control of shapes and size of crystals. The future research directions are proposed from the aspects of improving measurement accuracy, developing novel technologies for complex crystal behavior measurement, and promoting the application of CMTs in industrial crystallization. On balance, this review aims to enhance the awareness of scientists and engineers across industry and academia on CMTs, further promoting the development of automation and intellectualization of industrial crystallization processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first organophosphorus nerve agent was discovered accidently during the development of pesticides, shortly after the first use of chemical weapons (chlorine, phosgene) on the battlefield during World War I. Despite the Chemical Weapons Convention banning these substances, they have still been employed in wars, terrorist attacks or political assassinations. Characterised by their high lethality, they target the nervous system by inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme, preventing neurotransmission, which, if not treated rapidly, inevitably leads to serious injury or the death of the person intoxicated. The limited efficacy of current antidotes, known as AChE reactivators, pushes research towards new treatments. Numerous paths have been explored, from modifying the original pyridinium oximes to developing hybrid reactivators seeking a better affinity for the inhibited AChE. Another crucial approach resides in molecules more prone to cross the blood-brain barrier: uncharged compounds, bio-conjugated reactivators or innovative formulations. Our aim is to raise awareness on the threat and toxicity of organophosphorus nerve agents and to present the main synthetic efforts deployed since the first AChE reactivator, to tackle the task of efficiently treating victims of these chemical warfare agents. [Display omitted] • OrganoPhosphorus Nerve Agents (OPNA) were discovered during the development of pesticides. • They are still used despite the Chemical Weapons Convention. • These compounds inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) leading to a lethal cholinergic crisis. • The current medical treatment via acetylcholinesterase reactivators lacks efficacy. • This review reports the latest research on new generations of AChE reactivators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was motivated by the development of new additively manufactured bio-based materials with high performance. Hemp yarn was used in continuous material extrusion additive manufacturing to produce novel hemp yarn-reinforced biocomposites. The hemp yarn was compared to an original hemp/poly(lactic acid) hybrid yarn prepared by commingling before printing as an improved impregnation method. In X-ray micro-computed tomography, the hybrid yarn-based biocomposite exhibited a higher impregnation rate accompanied by a reduced void content, more aligned fibers, and a more homogeneous distribution of the different constituents, resulting in significantly higher mechanical properties during tensile loading with a more brittle behavior compared to the additively manufactured biocomposite based on pure hemp yarn. In addition, superior mechanical performance was obtained while having lower fiber fraction with the use of hybrid yarns, raising awareness about the importance of improving the impregnation of the plant fibers as well as the fiber volume fraction. This original preparation method can provide bio-based materials with enhanced quality and performance, close to those obtained with conventional manufacturing techniques, while making the most of additive manufacturing for sustainable, lightweight, and high-end applications in health or aerospace. [Display omitted] • New composite materials based on hemp yarn were additively manufactured. • Commingling of plant and polymer fibers increases impregnation quality of the yarns. • Chemical extraction allows fiber mass fraction determination in the effective section. • Commingling decreases the fiber content while increasing the mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• NO 2 − inhibits the degradation of naphthalene during heat/PDS oxidation. • NO 2 − results in the formation of nitrated naphthalenes. • NO 2 •, formed from the oxidation of NO 2 − by SO 4 •−, serves as the nitration agent. • Naphthol is a key intermediate in the formation of nitro-naphthalenes. • Nitrated naphthalenes are more toxic than the parent compound. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have become a global environmental concern due to their potential hazardous implication for human health. In this study, we found that sulfate radical (SO 4 •−) could effectively degrade naphthalene (NAP), a representative PAH in groundwaters, generating 1-naphthol. This intermediate underwent further degradation, yielding ring-opening products including phthalic acid and salicylic acid. However, the presence of nitrite (NO 2 −), a prevalent ion in subsurface environments, was observed to compete with NAP for SO 4 •−, thus slowing down the NAP degradation. The reaction between NO 2 − and SO 4 •− generated a nitrogen dioxide radical (NO 2 •). Concurrently, in-situ formed 1-naphthol underwent further oxidization to the 1-naphthoxyl radical by SO 4 •−. The coupling of 1-naphthoxyl radicals with NO 2 • gave rise to a series of nitrated NAP, namely 2-nitro-1-naphthol, 4-nitro-1-naphthol, and 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol. In addition, the in-situ formed phthalic acid and salicylic acid also underwent nitration, generating nitrophenolic products, although this pathway appeared less prominent than the nitration of 1-naphthol. When 10 μΜ NAP was subjected to heat activated peroxydisulfate oxidation in the presence of 10 μΜ NO 2 −, the total yield of nitrated products reached 0.730 μΜ in 120 min. Overall, the presence of NO 2 − dramatically altered the behavior of NAP degradation by SO 4 •− oxidation and contributed to the formation of toxic nitrated products. These findings raise awareness of the potential environmental risks associated with the application of SO 4 •−-based oxidation processes for the remediation of PAHs-polluted sites in presence of NO 2 −. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key characteristic (KCs) framework has been used previously to assess the carcinogenicity and cardiotoxicity of various chemical and pharmacological agents. Here, the 12 KCs of cardiotoxicity are used to evaluate the previously reported cardiotoxicity of phenanthrene (Phe), a tricyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and major component of fossil fuel-derived air pollution. Phe is a semi-volatile pollutant existing in both the gas phase and particle phase through adsorption onto or into particulate matter (PM). Phe can translocate across the airways and gastrointestinal tract into the systemic circulation, enabling body-wide effects. Our evaluation based on a comprehensive literature review, indicates Phe exhibits 11 of the 12 KCs for cardiotoxicity. These include adverse effects on cardiac electromechanical performance, the vasculature and endothelium, immunomodulation and oxidative stress, and neuronal and endocrine control. Environmental agents that have similarly damaging effects on the cardiovascular system are heavily regulated and monitored, yet globally there is no air quality regulation specific for PAHs like Phe. Environmental monitoring of Phe is not the international standard with benzo[ a ]pyrene being frequently used as a proxy despite the two PAH species exhibiting significant differences in sources, concentration variations and toxic effects. The evidence summarised in this evaluation highlights the need to move away from proxied PAH measurements and develop a monitoring network capable of measuring Phe concentration. It also stresses the need to raise awareness amongst the medical community of the potential cardiovascular impact of PAH exposure. This will allow the production of mitigation strategies and possibly the development of new policies for the protection of the societal groups most vulnerable to cardiovascular disease. • The 12 Key Characteristics framework was used to assess potential environmental hazards of phenanthrene, a dominant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in air pollution. • Evidence gathered from the literature indicates Phe and/or its derivatives can induce 11 of the 12 Key Characteristics of cardiotoxicity. • Phe and its derivatives modulate key cardiac (patho)physiology including impaired contractility and electrical excitability. • Phe and its derivatives modulate key vascular (patho)physiology including endothelial function, vascular homeostasis and dyslipidaemia. • Phe and its derivatives also modulate pathways involved in oxidative stress and inflammation which are closely linked with cardiovascular diseases like electrical dysfunction, atherosclerosis, MI and stroke. • Adopting a more robust environmental sampling and exposure assessment strategy based on measuring individual PAHs is recommended to improve PAH-risk apportionment and inform mitigation policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we report insights on barriers to active travel among the Pakistani heritage community in Bradford UK, generated using the participatory Photovoice method. This is the largest minoritized ethnic group in Bradford, and though most segments of the UK population need to be more physically active, those of non-white ethnicities, and South Asian heritage in particular, are generally significantly less active than average. Insufficient physical activity (including active travel) contributes to a significant health burden for minoritized communities as well limiting progress with increasing active travel among these communities. Increasing active travel is known to contribute to both positive health outcomes and to key transport decarbonisation aims. To meet public health goals and Net Zero emissions targets by 2050, increasing walking and cycling for short journeys will be essential but it remains difficult to achieve. There is a lack of knowledge relating to how specific cultural groups perceive active travel as an option within their local areas. We sought to explore the use of Photovoice to understand whether this method has potential to enable minoritized communities to actively consider active travel, and to provide connections between these communities and their local authorities. We recruited eight Pakistani heritage families living in Bradford to do this. Their photos were used in semi-structured interviews, and the data collectively analysed. The analysis suggested key barriers to walking and cycling could be grouped into four main categories: personal factors, social factors and those related to the local and wider environment. We also found that people's travel choices in this study are influenced by cognitive biases and social norms that are quite connected to their cultural heritage and societal position as minoritized. There were also both generational and gendered effects that need to be accounted for in intervention design. Based on participants' reflection and feedback, this report concludes participatory techniques like Photovoice offer an opportunity to break the status quo for those who are struggling to make a change by raising their social consciousness and helping them to gather evidence of their concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought priming is known to enhance plant low temperature tolerance, whereas polystyrene nanoplastic contamination exerts detrimental effects on plant growth. This study investigates the less-explored influence of nanoplastic contamination on cold stress tolerance in drought-primed plants. We compared the photosynthetic carbon assimilation, carbohydrate metabolism, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and grain yield between the non-primed and drought-primed wheat grown in both nanoplastic-contaminated and healthy soils. Our results reveal that the beneficial effects of drought priming on photosynthetic carbon assimilation and the efficiency of the "water-water" cycle were compromised in the presence of nanoplastics (nPS). Additionally, nPS exposure disturbed carbohydrate metabolism, which impeded source-to-sink transport of sugar and resulted in reduced grain yield in drought-primed plants under low temperature conditions. These findings unveil the suppression of nPS on drought-primed low-temperature tolerance (DPLT) in wheat plants, suggesting an intricate interplay between the induction of stress tolerance and responses to nPS contamination. The study raises awareness about a potential challenge for future crop production. [Display omitted] • NPS depressed photosynthetic carbon assimilation in drought primed plants under low temperature. • NPS inhibited the scavenging efficiency of "water-water" cycle in drought primed plants under low temperature. • NPS limit the carbohydrate supply in drought primed plants under low temperature. • NPS reduced the grain yield in drought primed plants under low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism in tropical rainforests can assist in their conservation by providing visitors with opportunities to interact with biodiversity and raising awareness toward rainforest conservation. However, it has been argued that most visitors visiting tropical rainforests prefer recreational activities rather than observing biodiversity, except for charismatic mammals and birds. As there is no systematic and global-scale study on visitor experiences with biodiversity in tropical rainforests, we assessed 25,000 Flickr photographs of 25 tropical rainforest-protected areas worldwide. Globally, we found that photographs of biodiversity (plants, animals, and fungi) were shared and liked more frequently than those of human activities. Among the biodiversity photographs, there were as many photographs of birds, arthropods, and plants as those of mammals. Our results indicated that visitors were interested in the non-charismatic biodiversity they encountered. Thus, providing more information on non-charismatic biodiversity will enrich visitor experiences and raise their awareness of biodiversity conservation. We also found several limitations using social media data for assessing experiences of visitors in tropical rainforests including user bias, limited geotagged data, and a lack of sufficient validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]