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• Our survey investigated real locomotion for HMD-based Virtual Reality. • Our focus is on the interaction techniques - the combination of devices, user's actions and system's feedback. • We categorize the resulting real locomotion interaction techniques as Unmediated, Warnings, reorientation/resetting, Scaling, Redirection, and Dynamic VE. • We describe each category with different parameters that distinguish individual interaction techniques. Locomotion is a fundamental activity in Virtual Reality (VR) and has been the focus of a large body of research since the implementation of the first systems. In real locomotion techniques, users physically move in the real world to affect movement in the Virtual Environment (VE). Real locomotion has been found to perform better than other forms of locomotion for many tasks. To overcome the challenges imposed by restricted physical space, researchers have devised ingenious interaction techniques for real locomotion. In this paper, we present a survey of interaction techniques for real locomotion in VR. Our analysis is focused on the interaction techniques – the combination of devices, user's actions, and system's responses. We categorize interaction techniques for real locomotion in VR into: unmediated, warnings, reorientation/resetting, scaling, redirection, and dynamic VE. These categories represent fundamentally different approaches to real locomotion and user action feedback. We further characterize techniques in each of these categories according to category-specific parameters. Finally, it is important to state that this paper was developed with the aim of helping newcomers to the field to understand and implement the techniques here presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of the prior austenite grain sizes in hydrogen embrittlement of Co-containing 18Ni 300 maraging steel were studied employing Slow Strain Rate Testing (SSRT) in 0.6 M NaCl electrolyte under simultaneuos cathodic polarization. The material was susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement in all investigated conditions. In addition, the examination of the fractured surface revealed that the presence of hydrogen in steel promotes the formation of quasi-cleavage regions and hydrogen-induced cracks along the grain boundaries. However, the refining of the prior austenite grain allowed an improvement in the HE resistance. Moreover, EBSD analysis showed that intergranular cracks propagated along to grain boundaries orientated to {001} planes parallel to normal direction, whereas they were deflected on {101} and {111} crystallographic planes. • The control of the prior austenite grain leads to the improvement of the HE resistance. • Intergranular cracks propagated along the grain boundaries orientated to {001} planes. • The cracks were deflected on grain boundaries {110} and {111} crystallographic planes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Brazil, the sugarcane billbug Sphenophorus levis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) bores sugarcane rhizomes in its larval stage, causing high losses to the crop. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) could be applied in the sugarcane fields to control the larvae and pupae of S. levis inside rhizomes. However, it is not clear whether this insect leaves an opening in the rhizome that would allow EPNs to enter and reach the insects in their immature stages. In addition, there is still no record of the natural occurrence of EPNs in the immature stages of S. levis or on the losses this insect can cause to sugarcane crops. This work aimed to investigate aspects of S. levis behavior on sugarcane plants and to determine the cane damage and crop loss percentage it causes through observations and regular evaluations of plants in the field; as well as to assess the natural occurrence of EPNs in the insect population found inside the cane rhizomes. For every 1% increase in its damage to the rhizomes, S. levis caused a 1% loss in the cane crop due to reductions of 0.318% in the weight of the stems and of 0.68% in the number of shoots generated by the rhizomes. The insect leaves openings that link the tunnels inside the root to the outside; these openings are made by adults during oviposition or by last-instar larva to allow the adults to exit. Almost 90% of the openings were made below the ground, allowing EPNs to enter the tunnels to reach the insect life stages inside the root. Steinernema carpocapsae was found to cause natural infection in S. levis inside the root, providing up to 60% pupal mortality. This information may help to establish the level of economic damage caused by S. levis and highlights EPNs as a potential alternative for S. levis control; their application just after cane harvesting is suggested in order to reduce the S. levis population in the next plant generation. Image 1 • Sphenophorus levis causes 1% loss in the sugarcane crop for every 1% damage to the rhizomes. • S. levis leaves openings that link the tunnels caused by the insect inside the root to the outside. • These openings are made by adults during oviposition or by last-instar larva to allow adults egress. • Almost 90% of the openings were made below the ground, allowing EPNs to enter the tunnels. • Steinernema carpocapsae was found to cause natural infection in S. levis inside the root. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) is a tree species whose edible fruit was a staple food for many centuries until the emergence of potato and cereal crops. Once of great importance for the survival of rural populations, at present there is a renewed interest in this fruit as a nutritious food, partly due being gluten-free. Portugal is one of the major sweet chestnut producing countries and is an important natural habitat for native European chestnut species. In a nutriproteomics approach, the main objective was to describe and evaluate the sweet chestnut germplasm present in Portugal. Globulins of 22 Portuguese sweet chestnut varieties were used as markers of genetic diversity. This characterization showed significant diversity (h = 0.334) among the varieties tested, but also a homonymy problem in varietal identification. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were then used to further investigate the chestnut proteome. Most of the proteins were assigned as having functions in nutritional storage activity. The photorespiration protein Rubisco, normally present in photosynthesizing plant parts was also present in the fruit which suggests that the catabolism of this protein is unusual in C. sativa species. Furthermore, the Portuguese varieties have been shown to be good sources of essential amino acids, and particularly the 'Bária' variety showed a balanced profile that meets the recommended dietary requirements of older children, adolescents, and adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The simultaneous presence of infectious organisms within cutaneous lesions of Kaposi sarcoma in persons with AIDS has been demonstrated. We describe a patient with concurrent leprosy and Kaposi sarcoma presenting as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the setting of AIDS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In the northeast of Portugal there is a tendency to introduce irrigation system on the chestnut orchards but the effect of irrigation on the chestnut’s quality has not been studied yet. This study aims to evaluate the effect of irrigation on the ‘Judia’ cultivar chestnuts quality concerning its chemical composition, fruit size and tastiness. Three treatments were applied during 2015 and 2016: the drip system, the micro-sprinkler system and a non-irrigated treatment. In both years the bigger chestnuts and production were always present in irrigated treatments. Significant differences among treatments were found in ashes, starch, soluble sugars, and crude protein contents in 2015, but in 2016 no significant differences were found. Moreover, the non-irrigated chestnuts were the sweetest but with smaller calibre. The chestnuts from micro-sprinkler were the firmest and they were as sweet as the drip's chestnuts. Results suggest that irrigation, namely with sprinkler system, valorise the chestnuts by increasing its size and keeping its nutritional value and its sensory quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Survival following very preterm birth is associated with cognitive and behavioral sequelae, which may have identifiable neural correlates. Many survivors of modern neonatal care in the 1990s are now young adults and the evolution of MRI findings into adult life has rarely been evaluated. We have investigated a cohort of 19-year-old adolescents without severe impairments born between 22 and 26 weeks of gestation in 1995 (extremely preterm: EP). Using T2 data derived from magnetic resonance imaging we investigate differences between the brains of 46 EP participants (n = 46) and the brains of a group of term-born controls (n = 20). Despite EP adolescents having significantly reduced gray and white matter volumes, the composition of these tissues, assessed by both single and multi-component relaxometry, appears to be unrelated to either preterm status or gender. This may represent either insensitivity of the imaging technique or reflect that there are only subtle differences between EP subjects and their term-born peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The chestnut fruit processing generates large amounts of residues as pericarp (outer shell; 8.9–13.5%) and integument (inner shell; 6.3–10.1%). These materials clearly have the potential as sources of valuable co-products. The analyses of the pericarp and integument of four Portuguese chestnut cultivars (Judia, Longal, Martaínha and Lada) revealed significant contents of total phenolics, low molecular weight phenolics (gallic and ellagic acid), condensed tannins and ellagitannins including castalagin, vescalagin, acutissimin A and acutissimin B. The integument tissues had the highest levels of total phenolics and condensed tannins. The most efficient extraction solvent for the total phenolics, total condensed tannins and low molecular weight phenolics (in Longal) was 70:30 acetone:water at 20°C. The pericarp and integument tissues of the cultivar Longal were richest in gallic acid and castalagin. It is clear that these materials could be used for the extraction of valuable phenolics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• An efficient approach for learning joint tissue and brain lesion segmentation. • A mathematically grounded training strategy for transferring information across tasks with missing modalities. • The integration of various domain adaptation techniques into the framework to deal with domain-shifted datasets. • An extensive evaluation on white matter lesions and gliomas. Brain tissue segmentation from multimodal MRI is a key building block of many neuroimaging analysis pipelines. Established tissue segmentation approaches have, however, not been developed to cope with large anatomical changes resulting from pathology, such as white matter lesions or tumours, and often fail in these cases. In the meantime, with the advent of deep neural networks (DNNs), segmentation of brain lesions has matured significantly. However, few existing approaches allow for the joint segmentation of normal tissue and brain lesions. Developing a DNN for such a joint task is currently hampered by the fact that annotated datasets typically address only one specific task and rely on task-specific imaging protocols including a task-specific set of imaging modalities. In this work, we propose a novel approach to build a joint tissue and lesion segmentation model from aggregated task-specific hetero-modal domain-shifted and partially-annotated datasets. Starting from a variational formulation of the joint problem, we show how the expected risk can be decomposed and optimised empirically. We exploit an upper bound of the risk to deal with heterogeneous imaging modalities across datasets. To deal with potential domain shift, we integrated and tested three conventional techniques based on data augmentation, adversarial learning and pseudo-healthy generation. For each individual task, our joint approach reaches comparable performance to task-specific and fully-supervised models. The proposed framework is assessed on two different types of brain lesions: White matter lesions and gliomas. In the latter case, lacking a joint ground-truth for quantitative assessment purposes, we propose and use a novel clinically-relevant qualitative assessment methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Portuguese version of JVQ showed a good model fit and good psychometric properties. • Over last year, 67% of youth experienced at least one type of victimization. • The prevalence of poly-victimization differed between gender and age groups. • Girls had a higher probability of psychological or emotional abuse. • Boys had a higher probability of assault and burglary of the family household. There is a growing body of literature about poly-victimization among children and adolescents. The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) is the most used measure to assess poly-victimization; however, it was not validated in Portugal, and it is unknown how it compares to other countries. Analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the JVQ, access the poly-victimization prevalence, and compare differences among age and gender. Participants and Setting. The sample was composed of 849 Portuguese adolescents between 12 and 17 years old (M = 13.70, SD = 1.43). Participants completed a socio-demographic questionnaire and the JVQ. The JVQ showed a good model fit (χ2 (5 6 1) = 8493.76, p <.001, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.02 CI90% [0.016; 0.024]) and good psychometric properties. There are significant differences in poly-victimization between younger and older age groups. The prevalence of certain types of victimization differed between gender and age. Girls had a higher probability of psychological or emotional abuse and boys had a higher probability of assault and burglary of the family household. The age group 12–14 years old had a higher probability of assault without weapon whereas the age group of 15–17 years displayed a higher probability of being a victim of child maltreatment, dating violence, sexual victimization, and witness to assault. The findings emphasize that JVQ is a good instrument to identify poly-victimization and several types of victimization, which can foster the development of adequate psychosocial intervention programs to reduce victimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]