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Various parental disciplinary strategies may have different impacts on children's wellbeing. Protective factors, such as school attachment and a growth mindset, may mitigate the influence of harsh discipline on a child's wellbeing. Based on the strengths-based trauma-informed positive education model, the current study investigated the impacts of three types of parental discipline (corporal punishment, psychological aggression, and nonviolent discipline) on primary school students' wellbeing and examined the moderating roles of school attachment and a growth mindset (both disjunctive and conjunctive moderating effects) in the relationship between parental discipline and student wellbeing. A sample of 854 primary school students (M = 9.40) from eight schools in Hong Kong, China, completed the questionnaire survey at two time points (Time 1 and Time 2), one year apart. Hierarchical regression analysis was applied for data analysis. Parental psychological aggression at Time 1 (T1) was significantly and negatively related to student wellbeing at Time 2 (T2). Parental nonviolent discipline students' school attachment and growth mindset at T1 were significantly and positively correlated with student wellbeing at T2, when controlling for the students' initial wellbeing and important confounding demographic variables. School attachment moderated the association between parental psychological aggression and student wellbeing. Parental psychological aggression has negative impacts while nonviolent discipline has positive impacts on primary school students' wellbeing. Students who are more attached to school and have a growth mindset show higher levels of wellbeing. The study provides further evidence of the role of school attachment in moderating the effect of parental psychological aggression on children's wellbeing in the trauma-informed positive education model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The approaches of pollution control (i.e. wastewater collection and treatment) and water transfer (i.e. flowing river water by inducing clean water) have been proved to be effective for contaminated river remediation, but at the same time they will inevitably result in environmental burden associated with resource consumptions and pollution emissions. To quantify the environmental impacts and optimize the integration of the two approaches for contaminated river remediation, a comprehensive framework was proposed by using response surface methodology based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) results of 81 scenarios, in which different pollution levels and the self-purification capacities of a river were considered. According to the LCA results, which are presented as six categories, i.e., Climate Change (CC), Terrestrial Acidification (TA), Freshwater Eutrophication (FE), Marine Eutrophication (ME), Human Toxicity (HT), and Freshwater Ecotoxicity (FET), pollution control performed better for ME, FET, and HT, whereas water transfer performed better for CC and TA, highlighting the need to optimize the combined approaches for different river characteristics. The further optimization results showed that the pollutant interception rate and pumping time should be as high as possible when the self-purification coefficient of the river was below 0.005 and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was over 80 mg/L. However, neither a very high pollutant interception rate nor a very high pumping time was able to improve the water quality at minimal environmental impact when the self-purification coefficient was above 0.005 and the COD was from 50 to 80 mg/L. Thus, the optimal integration for achieving the minimal environmental impact could be determined based on the local pollution concentration and self-purification coefficient of river. This study quantified the effects of river characteristics on the integration of pollution control and water transfer for the first time, which could provide a scientific basis for the improvement of remediation strategies for polluted rivers. Image 1 • An optimization framework for integration of river remediation strategies was established. • 81 scenarios were evaluated under different river characteristics using LCA. • River characteristics significantly affected the optimizing integrations. • Excessive pollution control and water transfer cannot improve water quality while minimizing environment impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigated the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychiatric co-morbidity and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among Chinese adolescents using network analysis.Methods: 867 Chinese adolescents (male = 424, female = 443) were recruited from three secondary schools. They completed the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and the General Health Questionnaire-28.Results: Domains of each construct mainly clustered within their respective communities with several bridging edges identified. The prominent roles of bridging nodes and edges (positive and negative) were highlighted. Key bridging nodes were negative alterations in cognitions and mood for PTSD, anxiety and insomnia for psychiatric co-morbidity and appreciation of life for PTG.Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of the present study may preclude the identification of real causal relationships between nodes.Conclusions: Following a trauma, adolescents displayed posttraumatic stress along with general psychological disorder symptoms. These distress reactions could affect the way they appreciated life and their motivation to seek future life possibilities. Findings from the current study may provide some clue for the facilitation of posttraumatic growth among clinical patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The toxicokinetic characteristics of naringin were investigated in rats that had been orally administered naringin extract, a candidate for oral treatment of cough, prepared from Citrus grandis “Tomentosa”, at 50, 250, or 1250mg/kg/day in a repeated-dose study for 1, 32, 93, or 184days. Increased values of the mean systemic exposure were approximately proportional to increases in dose levels during all collection intervals; no saturation was observed. No significant differences in mean systemic exposure were observed between male and female rats. Results provide a reference for interpretation of toxicology findings and relevance to clinical safety issues. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]