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Although Metal-organic frameworks (MOF) are a series of excellent carriers in the immobilization of laccase, excessive interaction can also lead to the denaturation and inactivation of laccase, which limited their further industrial application. In this study, ionic liquids were applied as a series of novel modifiers of metal-organic framework (ILs-NH 2 -MIL-101) in the immobilization of laccase. The results showed that the loading amounts and activity retention were significantly enhanced to 1.6 and 1.4 times respectively, compared with traditional laccase NH 2 -MIL-101. The stability and catalytic activity of the enzyme were also significantly improved. Moreover, the application of our novel-designed laccase-ILs-MIL-101 in removing organic pollutants was also examined in this study and found that the removing efficiency of 50 mg/L of 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, bisphenol A and indole, etc, can reach 95.4%, 91.4%, 90.3%, and 89.8%, respectively. The molecular dynamic simulations (MD) studies suggested that the immobilized laccase had a better rigid structure and stronger hydrogen bonding interactions with the substrate compared with free laccase, which facilitated the stability of the laccase and the degradation efficiency of the substrate. Therefore, this study proposed a simple, practical, and low-cost strategy based on ILs for the modification of various MOFs, which provides new insights into the development of high-efficiency enzyme immobilization for various industrial productions. [Display omitted] • Ionic liquid-modulated MOF materials were synthesized to enhance the loading capacity and activity retention of laccase. • Thermodynamic parameter calculations provide insight into the mechanism underlying laccase thermal denaturation. • The current study accomplishes the efficient and eco-friendly degradation of organic pollutants. • Molecular dynamics simulations elucidate the hydrogen bonding mechanism between laccase and substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • We have demonstrated an efficient enzymatic method for the synthesis of dicoumarol derivatives. • The use of green solvent, mild reaction conditions, recyclable biocatalyst, generality high yields and environmental friendliness are the important attributes of the present protocol. Abstract Lipase RMIM was firstly used as a promiscuous biocatalyst to catalyze the Knoevenagel-Michael cascade reactions of 4-hydroxycoumarin with aromatic, heterocyclic or aliphatic aldehydes to synthesize dicoumarol derivatives in water. Results showed that the adopted methodology could offer many advantages, such as mild reaction conditions, pure aqueous reaction system, wide substrate applicability, recyclable catalyst, excellent yields (81–98%), operational simplicity, and environmentally friendly reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polymorphism (T/C) in intron 2 of the cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46) gene has recently been reported to be associated with the risk for late-onset Alzheimer''s disease (LOAD). To investigate possible involvement of the CYP46 gene and apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms in the manifestation of LOAD, we analyzed 99 sporadic LOAD patients and 113 healthy controls of China. We found an obvious association between CYP46 TT genotype and LOAD (OR = 2.98, 95% CI 1.64–5.44, P < 0.001). A clear increase of the risk to develop LOAD was also observed in subjects carrying both the CYP46 TT genotype and the APOE ε4-allele (OR = 12.94, 95% CI 4.26–39.32, P < 0.001). Our data reveal that the polymorphism of CYP46 intron 2 is implicated in the susceptibility to LOAD and a strong synergistic interaction between CYP46 TT homozoygots and APOE ε4 carrier status on the risk of LOAD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Serotonergic neurotransmitter system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer''s disease (AD). 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)6 receptor is mainly expressed in the brain areas involved in cognitive processes. And 5-HT6 receptor gene (HTR6) variants may be a genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer''s disease (LOAD). To assess whether HTR6 increases the risk for LOAD, we carried out an association study between the HTR6 polymorphism C267T and sporadic LOAD in Mainland Chinese. An association of C/T genotype with LOAD (OR = 2.10, P = 0.014) was observed. And no statistical difference was found between cases and controls after stratification for APOE ε4 status. These data suggest that the HTR6 polymorphism C267T possibly involved in the susceptibility to LOAD as an APOE ε4-allele independent risk factor of LOAD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

To investigate the possible involvement of the transferrin (TF) gene polymorphism in the manifestation of Alzheimer''s disease (AD), we analyzed the TF and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes of 67 sporadic late-onset AD patients and 131 normal elderly controls in the Chinese population. Our data showed that the TF C1 homozygosity carriers had an increased risk of AD in subjects ≥75 years of age, showing that homozygosity for the TF C1 allele was associated with an approximately three-fold increased risk (OR=3.57, 95% CI, 1.24–10.27, P=0.014). No synergic effects were found between the APOE &epsiv;4 allele and TF gene polymorphisms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]