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• Inflammation has a key role in cystic fibrosis pathophysiology • Benefits of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in cystic fibrosis inflammation are controversial • Long-term supplementation with DHA in CF did not improve inflammatory biomarkers • Long-term supplementation with DHA in CF did not improve clinical outcomes Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients have an alteration in fatty acid (FA) metabolism, associated with increased omega-6 and low omega-3 FA. Previous studies on supplementation with omega-3 FA in CF had contradictory results, and to date there is no evidence to recommend routine use of omega-3 supplements in CF patients. We hypothesized that long-term supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) will have beneficial effects in these patients, by reducing pulmonary, systemic and intestinal inflammation. This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial. CF patients (age >2 months) were randomized to receive a seaweed DHA oil solution (50 mg/Kg/day) or matching placebo for 48 weeks. Primary outcomes were pulmonary (interleukin [IL]-8), systemic (IL-8) and intestinal (calprotectin) inflammatory biomarkers. Secondary outcomes included other pulmonary (IL-1β, IL-6, neutrophil elastase, lactate and calprotectin) and systemic (serum-IL-1β, IL-6) inflammatory biomarkers, as well as clinical outcomes (FEV 1 , pulmonary exacerbations, antibiotic use, nutritional status and quality of life). Ninety six CF patients, 44 female, age 14.6±11.9 years (48 DHA and 48 placebo) were included. At trial completion, there were no differences in all primary outcomes [serum-IL-8 (p=0.909), respiratory-IL-8 (p=0.384) or fecal calprotectin (p=0.948)], all secondary inflammatory biomarkers, or in any of the clinical outcomes evaluated. There were few adverse events, with similar incidence in both study groups. In this study, long-term DHA supplementation in CF patients was safe, but did not offer any benefit on inflammatory biomarkers, or in clinical outcomes compared with placebo. (NCT01783613) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia might be a complication after the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. • Some patients might present with typical thromboembolic events and mild thrombocytopenia. • Clinician and patients should be vigilant about this rare occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Clinical and demographical knowledge on Spanish cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is incomplete as no national registry exists. CF-microbiology has not been studied at national level. The results of the first Spanish multicenter study on CF microbiology are presented. Methods 24 CF-Units for adult (n = 12) and pediatric (n = 12) patients from 17 hospitals provided sputa and clinical data from 15 consecutive patients. Cultures and susceptibility testing were performed. Colonization impact on pulmonary function was assessed. Results 341 patients [mean (SD) age 21 (11) years, 180 ≥ 18 years, mean (SD) FEV 1 = 68 (25)%] were included. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was reported as chronic, intermittent or absent in 46%, 22% and 32% of patients, respectively. The annual prevalence was 62%. Positive P. aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cultures were significantly associated with lower FEV 1 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions The representative subset of the Spanish CF-population which has been clinically, demographically and microbiologically characterized will serve as a reference for future CF studies in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]