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Highlights • The probe exhibited good selectivity towards hydrogen polysulfide among other biological species. • The probe can detect hydrogen polysulfide within 10 min. • HQO-PSP has the ability of mitochondrial-targeting. • HQO-PSP can be applied not only at the level of living cells but also to mouse tissues. Abstract Hydrogen polysulfide (H 2 S n) has attracted increasing attention since H 2 S n instead of H 2 S has been shown to be the actual signaling molecule in physiological and pathological processes. Thus, developing accurate and sensitive assays for H 2 S n detection is urgently needed in biological science. In this work, we developed a red emitting mitochondria-targeting fluorescent probe, HQO-PSP, that is capable of tracking H 2 S n. With low cytotoxicity, good selectively and high sensitively, HQO-PSP was able to detect H 2 S n in living cells. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that HQO-PSP could also be successfully applied to recognize H 2 S n in living tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The probe exhibited good selectivity towards sulfur mustard. • The probe can detect sulfur mustard within 30 min. • A good linear relationship between fluorescence emission intensity and SM concentration. • SM-Flu can be applied not only at the level of living cells but also to whole animals. Sulfur mustard is a potent blister agent and one of the most harmful chemical warfare agents. To explore the toxicokinetics and biodistribution of SM, a reliable detection method for monitoring sulfur mustard would be indispensable. We describe the design, synthesis and application of a selective and sensitive turn-on fluorescent probe for sulfur mustard detection. A good linear relationship between fluorescence emission intensity and SM concentration was observed. The probe, SM-Flu, was applied to the determination and imaging of sulfur mustard in living cells and Aurelia coerulea polyps. With SM-Flu, concentration and time profiles for SM in mouse brain after exposure to SM were first measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context Sulfur mustard (SM), a bifunctional alkylating agent, can react with a variety of biochemical molecules (DNA, RNA, proteins and other cell components) to cause a series of serious health issues or even death. Although a plethora of research has been done, the pathogenesis of SM poisoning has yet to be fully understood due to its high complexity. As a consequence, a specific antidote has not yet been developed and the treatment of SM poisoning remains a medical challenge. In recent years, various biological products and cell transplantation in the treatment of SM poisoning offered a significant clinical treatment progress. By highlighting these and other research studies, we hereby summarize the progress in this field in an effort to provide useful information on the clinical treatment of SM poisoning. Objective This review summarizes the major advances of SM poisoning therapy by means of biological products (peptide and protein drugs, polysaccharides drugs, nucleic acid drugs, etc.), and cell transplantation (e.g., bone marrow, limbal stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells), as well as other relevant biotherapeutic approaches. Method We searched the database PubMed for published domestic and international articles using web based resources for information on histological, immunochemical, ultrastructural, and treatment features of SM-induced manifestations in both animal models and human tissues. To this end, we applied keywords containing mustard gas, chemical warfare, SM, eye, lung and skin. Results and conclusion Our review provides a comprehensive understanding of the advances of available biotherapies in SM poisoning, and its potential for the treatment of SM-induced injuries. Potentially, our review will provide new insights for future research studies in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]