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The current study focuses on estimating evapotranspiration in arid and semi-arid environments in the Northern part of Saudi Arabia near Al-Jouf. The objective of the research is to study, analyze and estimate evapotranspiration (ET) using the surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) and mapping evapotranspiration at high resolution with internalized calibration (METRIC) model and compare the two models with vegetation index and land surface temperature. The image was processed in ArcGIS and MATLAB software with the toolbox LandMOD ET mapper. The area average evapotranspiration is about 2.21 mm/d for the METRIC model, 2.6 mm/d for SEBAL and the average land surface temperature is 324.3 K. ET and land surface temperature are highly inverse correlated, with an R² = 0.8. The value of ET ranges from 0.05 to 8 mm for both SEBAL and METRIC models during 2019/07/07. Both highly elevated and agricultural area shows a high value of ET ranging from 5 to 8 mm/d. In addition, the normalized differential vegetation index, leaf area index, and emissivity were also calculated from the surface energy balance equation. The estimation of ET from the SEBAL model is better than the METRIC model based on R² of different vegetation indices. The importance of the work is to estimate ET and explain the impact on environmental effects for better planning in water resource development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction between water resources and industrial development remains inadequately comprehended in China. This study aims to explore the influence of water resources on industrial structure and its underlying mechanisms. The study establishes a theoretical mechanism framework based on the resource curse and blessing theory, examines the influence of water endowment on industrial structure, and investigates its influencing mechanism by using panel data from 31 provinces in China between 2011 and 2021. The study finds that, between 2011 and 2021, the national water-industry coordination gradually increased and remained uncoordinated. Water endowment and industrial structure exhibit a U-shaped relationship with spatial spillover effects. Water endowment reverses the industrial structure in water-scarce regions, while it promotes it in water-abundant regions. Both the curse and blessing of water resources are identified in China, and 30 provinces are "cursed". The water-industry coordination plays a moderating role in the influence of water endowment on industrial structure, mitigating the effects of both the water resource curse and blessing. It expands the range of influence of the reverse effect and can shift the water resource curse to the water resource blessing. It is therefore proposed to employ water resources as an effective instrument to facilitate regional industrial upgrading, reinforce advanced agglomeration industry system, promote industrial structure adaptation to water resources, and strengthen the implementation of "Determining Industry on Water". The paper illustrates the different water-industry interactions in water-scarce and water-abundant regions and the role of water-industry coordination in transforming the resource curse into the resource blessing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A DTTR deep learning model is proposed for accurate forecasting of monthly runoff. • Enhancing Feature Acquisition with Deep Convolutional Residual Networks (DCRN). • Applying temporal attention for dynamic feature weighting in DCRN outputs. • Improved inter-global feature feedback via encoder-decoder architecture. Accurate runoff forecasting facilitates effective water resource management, and ensures the sustainable allocation of water for agricultural, industrial, and domestic use. Accurate runoff prediction has become more challenging due to the increased complexity associated with climate change and human activities. This paper proposes a new forecasting model, Deep Convolutional Residual Network with Temporal Attention and Transformer (DTTR), which is innovatively embedded with a temporal attention deep convolutional network to form a multimodal fusion "encoding-decoding" architecture. First, the weight allocation of higher-order hidden features extracted by the Deep Convolutional Residual Network (DCRN) is optimized by introducing the Temporal Attention Mechanism (TAM) to enhance the capture ability of sequence features. Secondly, the model adopts the "encoding–decoding" architecture to extend the feature dimensions and learns the temporal location information to enhance the global feature inter-feeding. Finally, the DTTR model successfully integrates the global information and maps the sequence features from multiple perspectives, which significantly improves the data's feature abstraction ability and thus realizes the accurate prediction of the monthly runoff sequence. To verify the validity and sophistication of the DTTR model, the Taolai River, Hongshan River, and Fengle River were selected as experimental subjects. The model performance was tested using five evaluation indicators and nine comparison models. The results show that the DTTR model performs better than the benchmark model in different cases. For example, at Fengle River station, the mean absolute error (MAE), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), correlation coefficient (R), and Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) metrics of the DTTR model are improved by 30.49%, 37.18%, 7.87%, compared to the LSTM model, 3.16% and 10.34%. The R and KGE of each site exceeded 0.9, and the DTTR model also showed significant performance improvement in other cases. The experimental results demonstrate that the DTTR model, as an advanced model for predicting menstrual flow, can help to improve the accuracy of monthly runoff prediction and support the subsequent development of water resource optimization allocation and management plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economy-water system involves complex interactions between water resources and economic activities; fully understanding these complexities and balancing economic development with water resources consumption remains a significant challenge. This study develops a factorial multi-region input-output CNN-LSTM (FMCL) model through integrating deep learning (convolutional neural network and long short-term memory, CNN-LSTM) and multivariate statistical analysis (factorial design, FD) into a multi-region input-output (MRIO) framework. The FMCL model not only unveils the socioeconomic drivers underlying water consumption patterns, but also quantitatively assess complicated interactions within the economy-water system under multiple scenarios. The FMCL model is then applied to a typical water-scarce region in the Yellow River Basin (three provinces of Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Ningxia, abbreviated as Inner-Shaan-Ning region). The main findings are: (i) direct water consumption intensity, industrial structure (agriculture, manufacturing, construction, and accommodation & catering), and per capita household consumption constitute the key socioeconomic drivers of water consumption; (ii) among different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, and Ningxia would achieve relatively high levels of economy-water sustainability under SSP2, which represents a pathway of moderate socioeconomic development trends; (iii) the interaction between accommodation & catering and per capita household consumption would be significant; compared to the baseline SSP2, interactive policies that focus on key factors would achieve higher economy-water sustainability; (iv) from 2026 to 2050, the optimal interactive policy in Inner-Shaan-Ning region could reduce annual water consumption per unit of GDP by 1.22%, 3.82% and 3.34%, respectively. These findings cannot only reveal the key drivers and their multi-dimensional interactions within the economy-water system, but also facilitate the transformation of water use pattern into sustainable development. [Display omitted] • A factorial multi-region input-output CNN-LSTM (FMCL) model is developed. • The trade-offs for economy-water sustainability are analyzed. • The key socioeconomic drivers of water consumption are identified. • The economy-water effects under multiple scenarios are examined. • The complex interactions among various factors are quantified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The interaction mechanism between R IWRS and E IWRU is analyzed. • The evaluation index system of R IWRS is constructed based on the PSR model. • R IWRS and E IWRU go through three stages: antagonism, adaptation and coordination. • Influencing factors of each interrelationship stage are detected using BPANN. • The technological innovation level is the key factor during coordination stage. With the rapid expansion of urbanization and the intensification of climate change, industrial activities have increased the uncertainty faced by water resource system. The coordinated development of industrial water resource system resilience (R IWRS) and utilization efficiency (E IWRU) has become the current goal. In this paper, the coupling coordination model was used to analyze the interaction between R IWRS and E IWRU in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB), and back-propagation artificial neural networks were constructed to investigate the crucial factors influencing coupling coordination levels. The results of this study showed: (1) R IWRS in YEB fluctuated upward from 2011 to 2021, with the growth rate decreasing in the order of "upper-middle-lower reaches," and E IWRU in YEB showed a "W" trend. (2) The relationship between R IWRS and E IWRU transformed from antagonism to adaptation to coordination stage, with an overall improvement of coupling coordination degree. (3) The coupling coordination relationship was developing, and its influencing factors were constantly changing. The antagonism, adaptation, and coordination stage were primarily influenced by natural resource endowment, environmental protection level, and technological innovation level, respectively. This study can enrich the relevant research framework, which can also provide theoretical references for the YEB and even global industrial water resource sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to accurate near real-time actual evapotranspiration (ET a) data is crucial for monitoring and planning water uses, contributing to the sustainable management and development of water resources. However, ongoing ET a modeling efforts need to be improved when applied to small-sized farmlands in rugged landscapes like in the upper Blue Nile Basin. This study aimed to customize the Google Earth Engine-based Surface Energy Balance for the Algorithm Land–Improved (SEBALIGEE) model using high-resolution land use and land cover data. Additionally, the model, originally based on JavaScript, was updated to Python (SEBALIGEEpy), thereby enhancing its accessibility to a broader range of users and modelers. The ET a simulated with an updated version of the model was validated over croplands using publicly available AmeriFlux eddy covariance data. Furthermore, the SEBALIGEEpy-based ET a was evaluated over the Koga smallholder irrigation scheme in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia, by comparing it with the ET a obtained from the remote sensing-based Water Productivity Open-Access Portal (WaPOR) over seven seasons (2015/16–2022/23). The validation results show that the updated model provides more accurate ET a estimates with fewer missing records, with 9–11 % using the updated model compared to 14–29 % using the original SEBALIGEE model. The customized model has the potential to be used for agricultural water management in areas with fragmented land parcels like the Upper Blue Nile basin and beyond. • A Python version of the SEBALIGEE model (SEBALIGEEpy) using high-resolution land cover was developed and validated. • SEBALIGEEpy-based ETa is comparable with WaPOR level 3 ETa during the irrigation season in the Upper Blue Nile basin. • SEBALIGEEpy aids in managing fragmented irrigation areas, monitoring ETa, and improving irrigation performance. • The model can be easily implemented in GIS software with Jupyter Notebook support like ArcGIS Pro and Binder platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High precision of e-CPA in predicting noble gas solubility in solutions. • Salting-out effect investigation of electrolytes on noble gas solubility in water. • Enhancing the model accuracy based on noble gas dissolution behavior. • Effective modeling tool for achieving sustainable water resource management. Dissolved noble gases in water hold significant potential as tracers and precursors in various hydrogeological and geological applications, particularly in understanding surface water-groundwater interactions. These applications necessitate precise solubility predictions. Employing the fugacity-fugacity approach, our study models the solubilities of Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, and Radon in both pure water and electrolyte solutions. Leveraging the Cubic-Plus-Association Equation of State, we achieve remarkable accuracy, with average deviations below 2.5 % for vapor pressure, liquid, and vapor-phase densities. Additionally, in water–gas binary systems, deviations in gas solubilities within pure water remain under 5.0 %. Extending our analysis to water–gas-salt ternary systems, our model demonstrates deviations smaller than 5.6 %. Alongside discussing the gas dissolution mechanism, this work emphasizes the adaptability of the model, informed by robust experimental and modeling data. The interpretations derived from modeling hydrogeological conditions are poised to enhance our understanding of hydrological processes, thereby assisting planners and water managers in achieving sustainable development and management of water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mining the historical succession pattern of human activities and clarifying the intrinsic connection between them and the health of lake ecosystems. • Drawing a more comprehensive spatial dynamic pattern of human activities in four dimensions: industrial activities, city expansion, agricultural activities and water resources development. • Revealing the characteristics and differences of ecosystem health in time and space at the county scale in the lake area. • Heterogeneity exists in the spatial spillover effects of city expansion, industrial activities, and agricultural activities on ecosystem health. Urbanization, industrialization, land development, and other human activities have led to ecological issues such as shrinking lake wetlands, fragmented cropland, and reduced biodiversity. Taking the Poyang Lake urban agglomeration as the study area, the textual analysis method was used to analyze the typical facts of the historical succession of human activities since 1949, and then the index method and the spatial analysis method were adopted to characterize the spatial and temporal evolution of the ecosystem health and human activities in the period of 2003–2020. On this basis, the spatial spillover effects of human activities on ecosystem health were investigated based on the spatial Durbin model in four dimensions. The results of the study show that since 1949, human activities in the Poyang Lake area have gone through the management path from "agricultural retreat and fishery advancement" and "dike reclamation" to "sand ban" and "returning the lake". Ecological protection has gone through the sublimation from "enlightenment" to "full implementation" to "strengthening and upgrading". The ecosystem health of Poyang Lake urban agglomeration from 2003 to 2020 has been in the range of 0.37709 ∼ 0.3709 ∼ 0.3709. 0.37709 ∼ 0.48485, with the spatial characteristics of "low in the center and high in the periphery". The city expansion and agricultural activities in the county are generally distributed in the pattern of "high center, low periphery", while the spatial distribution of water body area is characterized by "near-lake" and "near-river", and the newly registered enterprises show a change from "point" to "surface". The spatial distribution of water body area is characterized by "proximity to the lake" and "proximity to the river", and the newly registered enterprises show changes from "point" to "surface". There is a significant spatial competition effect on the effects of city expansion on ecosystem health, while there is a significant negative spatial collaboration effect on the effects of industrial activities, and agricultural activities show a significant spatial spillover effect. The results of the study can provide more detailed empirical support for the regulation and management of ecosystem health in global lakeside urban agglomerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Evaluating the Water Resources Constraint Intensity(WRCI) from the Perspective of High-quality Development. • An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model reformed by entropy technology and a multi objective fuzzy membership function were employed for indicator aggregation. • The spatiotemporal changes and correlation of UQDI, WRI, and WRCI in 78 prefecture level cities in the Yellow River Basin during 2011–2020 were analyzed. Promoting the high-quality development of urbanization is a crucial way to achieve sustainable development goals. Water resources are a rigid constraint for such development. However, There is still room for improvement in the research on the spatio-temporal pattern and key driving factors of high-quality urbanization development under the constraint of water resources. Aiming at the problem that the high-quality development of urbanization in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) is facing water resources constraints, this paper discussed the spatial–temporal pattern and key drivers of the high-quality development of urbanization in the YRB under water resource constraints by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process model reformed by entropy technology, multi-objective fuzzy membership function, spatial autocorrelation analysis and obstacle model. The results revealed that, first, we found the High-Quality Urbanization Development Index (UQDI) exhibited steady growth, while both the Water Resources Index (WRI) and the Water Resources Constraint Intensity (WRCI) initially increased and then decreased during the study period. Second, the UQDI displayed a dual-core pattern, with the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration and the Central Plains urban agglomeration serving as the cores. WRI exhibited relatively stable spatial distribution, with the southeast region outperforming the northwest. WRCI also demonstrated a relatively stable spatial distribution, resulting in two weak-constraint areas, represented by Shandong and Henan, and a strong-constraint area centered around Ningxia. Third, the UQDI, WRI, and WRCI exhibited spatial interdependence. The spatial interdependence of UQDI and WRI increased, while that of WRCI decreased during the study period. The three indexes also displayed a clear pattern of local clustering in space. Two low-value aggregation areas, namely Shandong and Henan, and a high-value aggregation area located in Ningxia, emerged during the study period. Last, the WRCI was primarily influenced by the fundamental conditions of water resources. The main influencing factors included per capita water resources, mean annual precipitation, total water resources, water resources modulus, and the total amount of foreign investment utilization. In light of the research findings, the paper proposes policy recommendations for promoting high-quality urbanization development in the YRB. This study provides decision-making guidance for countries and regions in arid areas to solve the water resources constraints on the high-quality development of urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignocellulosic biomass is regarded as a promising option for biofuels production to address the climate change and energy security. Nevertheless, worries about its influence on water have been raised, as massive production of biofuels may put pressure on the quality of water and supplies of fresh water. Thus, it is crucial to assess the influence of biofuel technology on water resource for the sustainable development of biofuel future. Life cycle water footprint analysis is a useful tool to address the above problems. Life cycle water footprint research on pine to biobutanol via thermochemical method is presented in this study. The results of this paper demonstrate that the total water use for the whole system is 145.96 L H 2 O/MJ biobutanol and the total water use is dominated by pine production stage. Scenario analysis reveals that the stage of biobutanol producing is the largest section for the life cycle water footprint without pine production stage. In addition, the base case scenarios' results are considered as accurate through uncertainty analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the current situation of water resources in cities in Henan Province, this paper establishes the index system based on the principle of “allocating the water resources reasonably for the development of agriculture, population, and industries”. The water resources carrying capacity of cities in Henan Province from 2010 to 2020 was evaluated by the improved matterelement extension model along with improved entropy weight method and variation coefficient method, and suggestions were put forward for “constraining towns by water resources” from the perspective of spatial layout. According to the results: (1) the water resources carrying capacity of each city developed in a sound manner. 14 cities in Henan Provinces, including Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Luoyang, Pingdingshan, Anyang, Hebi, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Puyang, Xuchang, Sanmenxia, Nanyang, Xinyang and Jiyuan showed a positive trajectory during the study period, Luohe showed the best performance, Zhoukou, Zhumadian had the worst performance and Shangqiu had a complicated performance. (2) In terms of the time dimension, the overall performed of water resources carrying capacity showed an increasing trend year by year. The results of the study can provide theoretical support for the further sustainable development of water resources in cities of Henan Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to effectively study the regional soil and water ecological environment and its ecological restoration in China's key ecological protection regions. This paper discusses the ecological problems of soil and water resources from the two research fields of vegetation degradation and soil erosion, and analyzes the causes and effects of ecological restoration measures in recent years. Then, the collected data and the SWAT model were used to study the ecological restoration performance of water and soil resources and the coupling degree of land resource utilization rate and water and soil resources from four aspects, respectively water resource quantity, water resource development utilization rate, land resource utilization rate and coupling degree of water and soil resources. This paper analyzes the coordinated relationship between regional economic development and ecological environment through coupling analysis method, evaluates the level of regional coordinated development at the same time, and puts forward the coupling index of regional coordinated development between regional economy and ecological environment. From 2009 to 2019, the index in Tianshui, Longnan, Baoji and Hanzhong showed a trend of first increasing, then decreasing and then increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting water-saving irrigation technology (WSIT) has long been recognized as an effective measure to reduce irrigation water use and alleviate regional water poverty. Neighbours are the groups with the most interaction, the most intensive contact and the most frequent communication in agricultural production. In this paper, based on a field survey of irrigator farmers of China, experiments were conducted to evaluate the contribution of neighbour effect to farmers' WSIT behaviour and its moderating mechanism between neighbour effect and technology adoption. The results show 26.7 % farmers adopt water-saving technology and these farmers often have strong neighborly relationships. In particular, neighbor effect significantly promote WSIT adoption by 42.1 % and farmers with strong neighborly effects apply significant higher technology compared to farmers with weak neighbourly effects. Furthermore, mechanism results indicated that neighbour effects indirectly influence farmers' adoption of water-saving irrigation technology through three pathways: reducing information search costs, mitigating agricultural production risks and benefiting from the demonstration effect. Moreover, the heterogeneous results report that higher-income, lower digital and lower training frequency farmers will benefit more from the NE in terms of WSIT. Overall, this research provides a micro foundation and policy implications for the promotion of WSIT, and sheds light upon how the government can formulate relevant policies to promote the sustainable development of agricultural water resources. • Neighbor effect promotes farmers' water-saving irrigation technology adoption. • Neighbor effect's has conditional and distributional impact on adoption. • Policies towards agricultural water management was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the relationship between non-hydro renewable energy (NHRE) and water resources can help achieve high-quality development in China's industrial sector under the constraints of water conservation. This study investigated the interrelationships and regional heterogeneity of capital, labor, water and NHRE in the industrial sectors of 158 cities in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) and Yangtze River Basin (YZRB) in China using a heterogeneous stochastic frontier model. Based on reconstructed NHRE consumption data, it is found that the NHRE output elasticity (OE) in the NHRE-rich YRB (median value: 0.1) was lower than that in the NHRE-scarce YZRB (0.24), while the water OE in the water-rich YZRB (0.07) was lower than that in the water-scarce YRB (0.09). Classification analysis of infrastructure construction revealed that the energy OE in NHRE outflow regions (0.11) was lower than in NHRE inflow regions (0.28). This study also optimized the allocation of projected NHRE additions in China by 2030 and found that the optimized strategy can generate an additional industrial output of 8.8 × 1011 Yuan and save 8.6 × 107 tons of water compared to existing strategies. The results indicated that a win-win situation of industrial growth and water conservation could be achieved by reallocation of NHRE. • Consumption data of non-hydro renewable energy in China was reconstructed. • The promotion effect of NHRE in industries was higher in NHRE consumption areas. • Significant basin heterogeneity was observed in the NHRE-water nexus. • Allocation strategies of NHRE under different scenarios were explored for 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Spatial Durbin Model is used to analyze the spatial effect of emergy ecological footprint on industrial green GDP. • Considering the constraints of water resources on the development of the industrial economy. • The overall emergy ecological footprint of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has a significant positive effect on industrial green GDP and has a significant spillover effect. • There is heterogeneity in different regions of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. • These results will contribute to the green and sustainable development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The booming development of industrial enterprises at the cost of ecological resource consumption has inevitably harmed the ecological environment, especially since the phenomenon of water resource pollution is more serious. Exploring the relationship between the ecological environment and the industrial economy is crucial to the green and sustainable development of the region. This study uses the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to investigate the impact of emergy ecological footprint on the industrial green of gross domestic product (GDP) under the perspective of water resources, based on the panel data of 11 provinces in Chinas Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) from 2012 to 2021. The results show that first, the overall industrial green GDP of the YREB has increased year by year, and the effect of water resource protection is outstanding. Second, the emergy ecological footprint has a significant positive effect on industrial green GDP, and the spillover effect is also significant. Third, heterogeneity analysis shows that the spatial relationship between emergy ecological footprint and industrial green GDP is different in different regions, and the local effect and neighborhood effect of the high industrial green economic development areas are consistent with those of the YREB, while the relationship between the low industrial green economic development areas is not obvious. This paper is of great significance for the green development of industrial enterprises in the YREB and guides the formulation of sustainable development policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Four types of models quantified anthropogenic changes and climate variability. • SEM for the attribution analysis of runoff changes was constructed. • SEM quantifies runoff change attribution better than traditional models. • Human activities are the dominant factor of runoff change in Shiyang River Basin. • The contribution rate of water withdrawal to runoff reduction was 50 % during 1961–2020. Recently, with the increasing global warming and intensity of human activities, runoff has significantly decreased. This has had a severe impact on water resources development and utilization, as well as ecological and environmental construction. To understand hydrological cycles and promote sustainable utilization of water resources, it is crucial to conduct attribution analysis of runoff changes. This study employed traditional models, including empirical statistics, elasticity coefficients, hydrological modeling, and introduced a simple and efficient model – structural equation modeling (SEM) – to quantify the impact of various factors on runoff changes. The findings revealed a notable decreasing trend in natural runoff in the Shiyang River from 1960 to 2020, while precipitation, snowmelt, potential evapotranspiration (ET0), and temperature exhibited increasing trends. The integrated the results from multiple models highlighted that human activities emerged as the primary driver influencing runoff changes. From 1972 to 2020, the factors contributing to runoff reduction were ranked in the order: water withdrawal (50 %) > LUCC (20 %) > ET0 (16 %) > temperature (8 %). Factors contributing to runoff increase were ranked: precipitation = water diversion project (20 %) > snowmelt (6 %). The impact of reservoir regulation on runoff initially exhibited a negative correlation (impact rate of 10 %) and later turned positive (impact rate of 6 %). The SEM model, employed for runoff change attribution analysis, demonstrated a good fit and was consistent with results obtained from the SWAT model. Compared to traditional methods, SEM not only allowed for quantitative analysis of the factors' impact on runoff but also explored the interactions between factors and the direct and indirect effects of factors on runoff. This study introduces innovative methods for the attribution analysis of runoff changes, offering valuable insights crucial for the ecological sustainable development of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to realize the sustainable development of water resources in Mountain Parks, the ecology of Mountain Parks is understood. Through GIS (geographic information system) technology and analytic hierarchy process, ecological assessment in Mountain Park was carried out. The Mountain Park is divided into three fields, the construction of Mountain Park Water Resources Ecological Evaluation Index System. Two aspects of water resources and the Primitiveness of water sensitivity were chosen as the standard layer. Four evaluation indexes are selected to construct the water resources ecological evaluation system of Mountain Park. The three areas of the Mountain Park are different. Reasonable protection and development should be carried out according to local conditions in order to realize the long-term sustainable development of water resources in Mountain Parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lake eutrophication is highly variable in both time and location, and greatly restricts the sustainable development of water resources. The lack of national eutrophication evaluation for multi-scale lakes limits the pertinent governance and sustainable management of water quality. In this study, a remote sensing approach was developed to capture 40-year dynamics of trophic state index (TSI) for nationwide lakes in China. 32% of lakes (N = 1925) in China were eutrophic and 26% were oligotrophic, and a longitudinal pattern was discovered, with the 40-year average TSI of 62.26 in the eastern plain compared to 23.72 in the Tibetan Plateau. A decreasing trend was further observed in the past four decades with a correlation of −0.16, which was mainly discovered in the Tibetan Plateau lakes (r > −0.90, p < 0.01). The contribution of climate change and human activities was quantified and varied between lake zones, with anthropogenic factors playing a dominant role in the east plain lakes (88%, N = 473) and large lakes are subject to a more complex driving mechanism (≥ 3 driving factors). The study expands the spatiotemporal scale for eutrophication monitoring and provides an important base for strengthening lake management and ecological services. [Display omitted] • A new perspective was provided to synoptically monitor the lake eutrophication. • The 40-year trophic state evaluation for lakes over 1 km2 were implemented. • A decreasing trend of eutrophication emerged in the past four decades. • Small lakes in TPL contributed the most for the reduced trophic levels. • The study effectively facilitated the formulation of lake environmental management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Innovative MF-HHO-GRNN model for accurate water demand prediction. • First application of multi-fidelity data in regional forecasting. • Utilizing Harris hawks optimization to optimize GRNN's smoothing factor for improved model parameter selection. • Achieving exceptional predictive accuracy of 98%, 98%, and 97% for total water demand across varying time horizons. • Validating practicality in Heilongjiang Province, China. Accurate forecasting of water demand plays a crucial role in decision makers to effectively allocate regional water resources and promotes the rational development and utilization of water resources. To address the challenges posed by limited raw data availability and the difficulty in selecting parameters for water demand forecasting models, this study proposes a coupled model called MF-HHO-GRNN (Multi-Fidelity Data, Hybrid Harris Hawks Optimization, and Generalized Regression Neural Network). Initially, multi-fidelity data was constructed employing water demand factor data for Heilongjiang Province, China (1999–2020) as high-fidelity data, alongside data from Liaoning and Jilin Provinces of China as low-fidelity data. Adaptive boosting algorithms, data concatenation, and data dimensionality reduction techniques were employed to construct multi-fidelity data, thereby improving the availability of the original data. Subsequently, Harris hawk optimization algorithms were implemented to optimize the smoothing factor of the GRNN to resolve the challenge of selecting suitable parameters for water demand forecasting models. Finally, the MF-HHO-GRNN model was compared with other prediction models to analyze the prediction accuracy. The optimized MF-HHO-GRNN model meeting accuracy requirements was utilized to forecast agricultural irrigation, industrial, domestic, ecological water demand, and total water demand in Heilongjiang Province for the next 5 years. Results demonstrated that the proposed MF-HHO-GRNN model attained predictive accuracy of 98 %, 98 %, and 97 % for total water demand under three distinct time horizons (1 year, 3 years, and 5 years), proving excellent predictive capabilities. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison was made between the predicted total water demand and user-specific water demands for the next 5 years in Heilongjiang Province and the regional development plans. The results showed that the predictions of the coupled model aligned with the future development trends of Heilongjiang Province, validating the practicality of the MF-HHO-GRNN model. This study provides decision-makers with an effective method for forecasting water demand, contributing to the future realization of more intelligent and accurate water resource management and decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Senegal-Mauritanian Basin onshore is the largest among the northwest African Atlantic margin basins, covering approximately 350,000 km2 and extending from Morocco to Guinea Bissau. Although valuable information is provided on the Senegalese part, data on other parts of the basin are scarce. The study aims to visualise the subsurface structure and describe the distribution patterns of Meso-Cenozoic deposits in the Moroccan portion of the Senegalo-Mauritania basin. The dataset integrates information from 750 vertical electrical soundings, hydrogeological drilling data, and wireline logging into a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform and 3D modelling software. A new three-dimensional model has been created to represent the topmost layer of the Palaeozoic substratum. Additionally, thickness maps and geo-electric profiles have been developed for distinct geo-electric intervals, including the lower, middle, upper, and surface layers. The study presents the geometric properties of two aquifers, namely, the ''upper and lower'': the Continental Terminal sandy and sandstones, dating back to the upper Miocene to Pliocene period, and the Paleocene sand to shaly sand. The upper aquifer has a thickness of 20 m in the eastern region, whereas it thickens to nearly 100 m towards the west, approaching the coastline. Similarly, the lower aquifer's thickness ranges from 100 m to 400 m in the same direction. The resistivity values range from 5 to 240 Ω m, providing an average of 120 Ω m. Four discontinuities have been identified in the sections, which may indicate lateral facies modifications or synsedimentary faults, correlating with Atlantic margin structuration and Meso-Cenozoic sea-level variations. The parameters' range for various mappings, models, and quantitative descriptions of reservoir properties. The new structural and hydro-stratigraphic model provides novel insights for researching this critical area. • Investigated the Tertiary aquifer system in Morocco's Bir Guendouz area • Use of a set of technique based on data analysis and interpretation from various sources, particularly geophysical data • Identify two significant hydrogeological potential aquifer layers, namely R1 and R2 • Demonstrate a gentle east-west dip in the upper aquifer ceiling and a more pronounced deepening in the same direction in the lower aquifer • Provided valuable data for decision-making and future water resource development projects in Morocco's southern region, as well as transboundary water management and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About 70% of water withdrawals in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) are used for irrigation, and deeply explanation of the effects of climate change on runoff in the YRB provides a guarantee for agricultural production. Analysis and prediction of climate change were implemented according to the meteorological and hydrological data from 1967 to 2016, and the responses of the catchments of the six hydrological stations on the Yellow River to the different combinations of precipitation and temperature change conditions were explored adopting the Budyko framework, then the results based on the climate scenario simulation and climate elasticity were compared. Our results revealed that the precipitation in the YRB indicated a downward trend (p>0.05) while the temperature showed a upward trend (p<0.01), both which were predicted to climb in the future; the sensitivities of upstream, midstream and downstream runoff to climate change were gradually increased and the catchment characteristics acted a decisive role in determining sensitivities rather than climatic factors, generally, the runoff of different catchments increased by 17.1–30.2% with only 10% increase in precipitation and decreased by 4.2%-12.4% with only 1℃ increase in temperature; compared to the climate elasticity, the climate scenario simulation tend to be more accurate as it captured the changes in sensitivities when climate change. The results of this study provide a foundation for the regional development and utilization of water resources in the YRB under the influences of climate change. • Seasonal climate change in the Yellow River Basin was explored in spatial. • Budyko framework was used to assess the runoff responses to climate change. • Runoff responses to climate change were nonlinear. • Middle and lower reaches were more sensitive to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underground water reservoir technology facilitates the harmonization of coal resource development and water resource conservation. The main structure of the underground water reservoir dam comprises coal pillars, whose stability is influenced by the combined effects of water pressure, stress, and fractures. In this study, triaxial compression tests were conducted on single fractured coal samples with different angles under varying water pressure conditions to develop the new insights into the mechanical and damage properties of fractured coal samples, combined with acoustic emission (AE) technique. The results showed that the fracture angle and water pressure had a varying influence on the mechanical behavior of fractured coal. As the fracture angle increased from 15°to 75°, the peak strength of fractured coal initially decreased and then increased. While the peak strength decreased with increasing water pressure. The failure pattern of fractured coal samples subjected to water pressure and triaxial loading was shear failure. The AE evolution, energy evolution and stress level were all correlated, the accelerated growth of accumulated AE energy and the surpassing of dissipative energy over elastic strain energy can be regarded as precursors to the instability of fractured coal. These results indicate the failure mechanism involving the destabilized deformation of fractured coal samples subjected to water pressure and triaxial loading, which gives a useful reference for the design and stability monitoring of underground water reservoir dams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal cities, despite being close to expansive oceans, are still susceptible to water constraints. The water resource tax reform pilot has been instrumental in promoting water conservation and effective utilization, so contributing significantly to the green growth of the coastal cities where it has been implemented. Utilizing data from prefecture-level cities in China's coastal areas from 2007 to 2019 and adopting the Green Total Factor Productivity as a measure of green growth, this study is dedicated to exploring the impact of water resources tax reform on the green growth of coastal cities. It treats the water resource tax reform pilot as a quasi-natural experiment and utilizes multi-period DID and PSM-DID methodologies to examine the effects of this reform on Green Total Factor Productivity. The findings indicate that the water resource tax reform pilot has made a significant contribution to green growth, primarily by reducing water consumption and enhancing governmental focus on marine environmental regulation. Expanding upon these findings, the article provides suggestions in several domains like the establishment of distinct tax rates, allocation of tax money, government oversight, and implementation of taxes on agricultural water resources. These findings can serve as a scientific benchmark for the development and execution of water resource tax policies in other areas. • Expanding upon these findings, the article provides suggestions in several domains like the establishment of distinct tax rates, allocation of tax money, government oversight, and implementation of taxes on agricultural water resources. These findings can serve as a scientific benchmark for the development and execution of water resource tax policies in other areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper constructs the MRIO of YEB. • This paper constructs the spatial–temporal pattern of virtual water trade in the YEB. • This paper discovers that the virtual water trade pattern is contrary to the virtual water strategy hypothesis because of productivity. Cross-regional water allocation within the river basin, coupled with the development of specialized industries based on comparative advantages, can effectively mediate overall water use efficiency. The uneven distribution of water resources and structural contradictions in water usage hinder the sustainable development of water resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB). This study aims to address these issues from the perspective of virtual water trade, to facilitate cross-regional water resource allocation and guide structural adjustments in industrial water use, ensuring water security. In this study, we developed a dynamic multi-regional input–output model (MRIO) to explore dynamic change of virtual water trade pattern in the YEB that evolves over time. This model sheds light on evolving virtual water transfer patterns and the nuances of water resource pressure transmission. Additionally, it quantifies sectoral water use variations, pinpointing the cornerstone industries across different regions. The findings are as follows: (1) The pattern of virtual water transfer predominantly towards the developed downstream regions remains unchanged, but regional disparities are gradually diminishing. (2) The upstream regions of the YEB transfer more water resource pressures externally, while the downstream regions do not experience excessive external transfers of water resource pressures. (3) The pattern of Agriculture-driven virtual water transfers is gradually being disrupted. While the upstream regions continue to rely on Agriculture as their pillar industries, the downstream regions are progressively shifting towards tertiary industries such as Service. These results indicate that economic development is the primary driver of changes in the the pattern of virtual water transfer, and economic disparities are a key factor in shaping the latest virtual water transfer. Based on existing policies, there is a need for comprehensive coordination of water resource allocation and strengthening of virtual water trade exchanges between regions to address the uneven distribution of water resources. Additionally, it is necessary to resolve structural water use conflicts by developing specialized economic strengths based on the main industries for virtual water in each region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexities of water issues, in which human factors directly affect the qualitative and quantitative indicators of water resources in a variable, extensive, and undefined manner, make social interactions necessary for the water resources sustainable development. In this situation, local government admins (local divisions of the Water Institutions and Ministry of Agriculture) (LGA) can play a fundamental role in attracting the participation of independent farmers in sustainable agriculture and preserving water resources by modifying support policies. In this study, an agent-based simulation model of social interactions and economic interests of farmers is presented along with different scenarios of support policies as well as random supervision and training by LGA agents to evaluate its impact on the independent decision making of farmers in the form of a complex adaptive system. Questionnaires and expert interviews were used to determine the data and scenarios. Farmers' adaptation for development technology in irrigation management (DTIM), simulated output of WP, field application efficiency (FAE), and their adaptation speed are influenced by input factors such as assumed cost of sustainable water supply (SWS), mean government expenditure (subsidy count), and the level of supervision and training by LGA. The results showed that the assumed cost of SWS and government supervision and training are the most influential indicators of the farmer agent's propensity to DTIM with F-value=4375.59 and F-value=1055.10, respectively. The results confirm that appropriate policies in strengthening LGA supervision and training and increasing farmers' awareness of the importance of long-term water resource sustainability can help achieve more adaptability. • Farmers' adaptation for DTIM, are influenced by the government supervision and training. • The assumed cost of SWS are one of the most influential indicators of the farmer propensity to DTIM. • Government supervision and training play a fundamental role in increasing WP. • Establishing the proper governance reform process is a profitable analytical direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The counter-demand method effectively simulates water diversion and distribution. • Successfully resolve the simulation of water extraction-conveyance-use in the Karez. • The average annual groundwater overexploitation was 173 million m3 in the ALB. • Excessive extraction of groundwater poses a threat to nature vegetation survival. The long-standing, irrational development and exploitation of water resources in the Aiding Lake Basin (ALB), coupled with excessive groundwater extraction, have led to the gradual depletion of Aiding Lake, the disappearance of Karez wells, the depletion of spring water, and the deterioration of the ecological environment, all of which are serious threats to the economy and survival and welfare of inhabitants. To address the complexities associated with the staggered distribution of natural rivers and artificial canals within the agricultural irrigated region of the ALB, an inverse computation method to gauge canal water requirements was used in building an intelligent simulation of water diversion and conveyance, incorporating different water use methodologies for complex canal systems within the irrigated region. Additionally, this paper characterizes the interaction between the catchment and conveyance section of the Karez wells and the underground aquifer based on the seasonal river module to simulate the entire flow process of the Karez well system, from water extraction and conveyance to groundwater recharge by infiltration. This study presents a coupled simulation model of seasonal river–lake-groundwater interactions in the ALB, where groundwater is simulated under both steady and unsteady flows. The findings indicate that from 2013 to 2022, the annual average groundwater recharge within the ALB was approximately 1.048 billion m3, while the discharge was 1.221 billion m3, with an annual average groundwater overexploitation of 173 million m3. Furthermore, the long-term overexploitation of groundwater has had a direct impact on the ecological environment, resulting in a survival crisis for natural vegetation except in the upper vegetative zone of Aiding Lake, which has good groundwater recharge conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water resources and environmental carrying capacity are important indicators for measuring the development of the relationship between humans and land in water-scarce regions. Humans must adhere to the principle of sustainable development and promote harmony between economic activities and water resources. Specifically, humans perceive the energy and constraints of resources and the environment, and utilize resources and the environment to develop agricultural, industrial, and construction production activities to meet human survival and life needs (Chen et al., 2012; Guo et al., 2020). At the same time, intense human activities also intensify the constraints on resources and the environment (Feng and Li, 2018). The growth of the population system also requires that the social economy maintain sustainable development while leaving enough space and time for water resources systems to recover (Tan and Lu, 2015; Wu et al., 2021). Essentially, humans must survive, the social economy must develop, water resources and the environment must be protected, and these three elements must maintain a dynamic balance. In summary, the basic idea of this article is to use the total amount of water resources that humans perceive as available as the basis in fragile ecological areas, starting from the perspective of social and economic development, to calculate and estimate the threshold of water resources and environmental carrying capacity. At the same time, the concept of "leverage points" in system theory is introduced, with the population growth system as the fulcrum, identifying the leverage points between the population growth system and water resources and environmental carrying capacity. Finally, a research framework of "environmental perception-capacity assessment-policy development" is constructed, exploring a sustainable development model for water resource utilization in the Hongsibao ecological resettlement area. The idea is as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of research ideas on water resources and environmental carrying capacity. [Display omitted] • Study pinpoints leverage between population growth and water resource carrying capacity. • Study confirms steady development boosts WRECC and system recovery. • Study reveals water capacity limits socio-economic sustainability in China's ecological resettlement. • Revisiting resettlement: harmonizing ecological migration with water and environmental limits. Identifying the threshold and leverage point of water resource environment carrying capacity (WRECC) is crucial for effectively adjusting the industrial structure, population migration, and regional planning. This study has introduced the concept of leverage points and employed both the gray system model and the system dynamic (SD) model to reveal the threshold of WRECC and capture the coupling relationship between the population growth system and the WRECC system in Hongsibao County, China. Three typical scenarios were designed for distinct purposes and simulated by the constructed SD model in Hongsibao County from 2021 to 2030. The results indicate that the quantity of water resource carrying capacity, rather than the quality, is a critical shortcoming hindering socio-economic sustainability in Hongsibao County. Threshold and leverage point analysis showed that the increased development speed scenario performed the worst in terms of WRECC (28.02 × 104 persons in 2021) and leverage point (23.65 × 104 persons in 2026). The steady development scenario is considerably more effective for improving WRECC and boosting system recovery and conditioning, and the steady development scenario performs the best in both aspects. To achieve stable development, priority actions are necessary. Firstly, it is imperative to improve agricultural water-saving irrigation rates while addressing soil salinization in Hongsibao County. Secondly, efforts should be directed toward developing the grape industry, breeding industry, and wolfberry industry to stimulate economic growth while avoiding excessive water consumption. Finally, promoting the establishment of comprehensive sewage disposal infrastructure in rural areas is vital for protecting the water environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Coupling coordination relationship of WR, EE and SE was fully explored. • Improved obstacle degree model was proposed to identify the major obstacle factors. • Three time series models were combined to predict the development trend. • Key obstacles changed to WR and EE factors with sustained rapid SE development. • More efforts should be made in water use efficiency improvement. Fully understanding the interrelationship and the coordinated development level of water resources (WR), eco-environment (EE) and socio-economy (SE) is an essential precondition for regional sustainable development. We constructed a complex analytical framework consisting of WR, EE and SE subsystems in the water-receiving area of the Lower Yellow River, and quantitatively investigated the coupling coordination relationship among them. An improved obstacle degree model was developed to analyze the level and the major obstacles of coordinated development from 2001 to 2020, together with the coupling coordination degree model. A prediction model combined by the autoregressive integrated moving average model, the gray model and the artificial neural network model was built to explore the development trend from 2021 to 2025. It was found that (1) the coordinated development level showed a continuous growth from reluctant coordination in 2001–2002 to high coordination in 2015–2020. Spatially, Shandong province was slightly more coordinated than that of Henan province on the whole. (2) With sustained rapid SE development and growing pressure on water supply and environmental capacity, the major obstacles for coordinated development changed from SE factors to WR and EE factors before and after 2010. (3) The coordinated development level will continue to increase in 2021–2025, especially in the "promote WR and EE protection" scenario. In the future, water scarcity will become the key problems for coordinated development. Taking account of the available water diversion from the Yellow River, local government should put more effort into water use efficiency improvement. These results offer an important reference for decision-making and management of regional sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The ecological flow must balance the needs of the biosphere and anthroposphere. • Evaluated the hydrology of the Si river using the habitat simulation method. • Analyzed weighted usable habitat areas for three common fish according to flow. • This approach is shown to better sustain river connectivity and fish lifecycles. Maintaining the ecological flow of rivers is necessary to resolve the contradictions between water resource development/utilization and ecological protection. To investigate the ecological flow of the mainstream of the Si River in Shandong Province, China, the ecological flows in reaches from Sishui Sluice to Shuyuan Station and from Shuyuan Station to Longwandian Sluice were calculated using the habitat simulation method. First, the indexes of relative importance calculated using the results of a fish survey identified Carassius auratus, Pseudorasbora parva , and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus as the most prevalent and therefore the target fish species for this analysis. A model of the fish habitat was subsequently constructed using the River2D software and the relationship curves between different flow conditions and the weighted usable area of fish habitat were plotted for each of the three target fish species. Finally, the ecological flows for the non-flood to pre-flood period (October to June) at Sishui Sluice and Shuyuan Station were determined to be 1.4 m3/s and 1.8 m3/s, respectively, and those for the flood period (July to September) were 6 m3/s and 10 m3/s, respectively. The rationality of the habitat simulation method results was subsequently confirmed by comparison with the results obtained using four hydrological methods. Finally, the results indicated that water resource management and regulation of the Si River mainstream should be strengthened during the dry period (April to May) to improve the ecological flow guarantee rate and thereby ensure the connectivity of the fish habitat and sustain fish lifecycles. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two sources of toxic metals were quantitatively identified. • Ecological risks from various sources were quantitatively analyzed. • Cd from human sources was the priority control factor in the cascade reservoirs. Determining the priority control factor is crucial for managing sediment toxic metals (TMs) pollution. Therefore, the vertical profiles of TMs in core sediments from the Nuozhadu (NZD) and Jinghong (JH) cascade reservoirs in the Lancang River were studied to assess the source-oriented ecological risks. The geo-accumulation index (I geo), enrichment factor (EF), potential ecological risk factor (Er), and potential ecological risk index (RI) were employed. Then, combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, the effects of TMs and contamination sources on ecological risks were revealed. Results showed that the concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn in the NZD Reservoir were significantly lower than those in the JH Reservoir, which might be related to the coarser grain size of the NZD Reservoir sediments. While both reservoirs demonstrated elevated contamination levels of Cd and As among all the TMs, the NZD Reservoir also exhibited high levels of Cr, whereas the JH Reservoir showed relatively high levels of Hg. Natural and anthropogenic sources of TMs were quantitatively identified in cascade reservoirs. Cd and Hg exhibited higher ecological risk levels than other TMs in both reservoirs. The JH Reservoir was exposed to significantly higher ecological risks from TMs compared to the NZD Reservoir, and 40.0 % of the sediments in the JH Reservoir were exposed to considerable risk (300 < RI < 600). Results of source-oriented ecological risks showed that Cd from anthropogenic sources was identified as the priority control factor in the NZD and JH cascade reservoirs. Our findings give scientific backing for the prevention and control of TM contamination and the planning of sustainable development of water resources in the Lancang-Mekong River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Understanding future change with the aspects of runoff and hydroclimatic conditions. • Source region of Yangtze River will be warmer and wetter in the future. • Runoff will increase by around 15% with highly spatial heterogeneity. Exploring the future hydroclimatic conditions of source region of Yangtze River (SRYaR), an alpine affected by climate change significantly, is essential for basin water resources management and development ss global climate change intensifies and the process of climate warming and humidification in Northwest China. This study proposed a practical framework for assessing water resource response to the context of climate changes in alpine catchments from the respective of both runoff and hydroclimatic conditions. Utilizing Grid-RCCC-WBM driven by corrected climatic forcing from the global climate models, this study estimate the prospective overall warmer and wetter pattern in the source region of Yangtze River. The key results indicated that: (1) Under all future scenarios, both temperature and precipitation within the catchment exhibit a significant upward trend. Projections from multi-model ensembles (MME) suggest that during the mid-term period (2041–2060, MT), temperatures are expected to rise by [0.74 °C, 3.08 °C] compared to the baseline period (1995–2014), with precipitation changes ranging from [4.8%, 21.4%]. (2) Future runoff within the catchment exhibits a consistent increase, with a linear trend rate of 1.1 mm/decade. runoff changes in MT compared to the baseline period vary from [−5.1%, 33.7%]. Runoff decreases in the northern part of the catchment, while notable increases occur in the southeastern and western regions. (3) In the future, the ratio of catchment evaporation capacity to precipitation decreases in comparison to the baseline period with an augmentation in soil moisture, enhancing its capacity for water retention and reducing the conversion of precipitation to evaporation, resulting a wetting trend of the catchment. (4) The future snowpack in the catchment continues to decrease, with a significant reduction in both the proportion of snowfall relative to total precipitation and the proportion of snowmelt runoff relative to total runoff, the risk of water resources crisis in the watershed is escalating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of dye-containing wastewater generated from textile industries is still a challenge, and various technologies, including physical, chemical and biological ones have been used. In recent years, the ionizing radiation (usually including gamma ray generated by radionuclide, such as 60Co and 137Cs, and electron beam generated by electron accelerator) technology has received increasing attention for degrading refractory or toxic organic pollutants in wastewater because of its unique advantages, such as no chemical additives, fast reaction rate, strong degradation capacity, high efficiency, flexibility, controllability. Compared to the conventional wastewater treatment processes, ionizing radiation technology, as a disruptive wastewater treatment technology, is more efficient for the decolorization and degradation of dyes and the treatment of dye-containing wastewater. In this paper, the recent advances in the treatment of dye-containing wastewater by ionizing radiation, in particular by electron beam (EB) radiation were summarized and analyzed, focusing on the decolorization and degradation of various dyes. Firstly, the formation of various reactive species induced by radiation and their interactions with dye molecules, as well as the influencing factors on the removal efficiency of dyes were discussed. Secondly, the researches on the treating dye-containing wastewater by electron beam radiation technology were systematically reviewed. Then, the decolorization and degradation mechanisms by electron beam radiation were further discussed in detail. And the integrated processes that would contribute to the advancement of this technology in practical applications were examined. More importantly, the recent advances of electron beam radiation technology from laboratory to application were reviewed, especially successful operation of dye-containing wastewater treatment facilities in China. And eventually, current challenges, future research directions, and outlooks of electron beam radiation technology were proposed for further advancing this technology for the sustainable development of water resources. [Display omitted] • The treatment of dye-containing wastewater is still a challenge. • Advances in dye-containing wastewater treatment by EB were summarized and analyzed. • Mechanisms of dye decolorization and degradation by EB were discussed in detail. • EB is more efficient for the decolorization and degradation of dyes. • Challenges, future directions and outlooks of EB technology were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing consumption of global water resources, research on sustainable water resource utilization has become a topic of urgent interest. Despite the promulgation of policies and laws on the protection of water resources, the sustainable utilization and development of water resources in China are still far from reaching their initially established targets. This is partly explained by real-life conflicts that arise, in which different decision makers (DMs) possess different levels of professional knowledge, social status, and even power in contexts where the parties' ability to leverage information varies greatly. Sustainable water resource utilization conflicts between the government and factories exemplify the impact of this information asymmetry on the relationship between DMs for the purposes of conflict resolution. In this paper, it is assumed that if one DM in a conflict has more information, their information advantage will affect the policy formation of the other DM. Thus, to analyze and resolve relevant problems, the concept of information asymmetry between two DMs is integrated into the basic structure of the graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR). According to the mathematical expression of the information asymmetry preferences of DMs, a set of information asymmetry stability definitions can be introduced to determine the stable state for each DM. The sustainable water resource utilization conflict in Niangziguan Springs Basin is used as an exemplar to confirm the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method. Stability analysis shows that when the government implements strict environmental policies by leveraging more information, factories should adjust their preference relations to follow the rules and regulations to protect water resource in practice. Finally, comprehensive sustainable utilization and development of natural resource mechanisms must be implemented not only for these factories but also for other industries in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the main production area of high-quality cotton in China, Xinjiang is the core region to undertake the transfer of textile industry in the eastern region during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, to build a national textile industry base, and to build Silk Road Economic Belt. Because of drought, uneven distribution of water resources, and fragile ecological environment in Xinjiang, the textile industry, as a high water-consuming industry, is of great significance to formulate industrial development policies, implement water resource management, and guarantee the sustainable development of ecological environment in Xinjiang by studying the pressure of water resources brought by the construction and development of industrial chain. In this paper, firstly, the characteristics of water resources development and utilization in Xinjiang are analyzed in order to clarify the current situation of water consumption in different counties and districts there based on scarcity and efficiency; then, the current situation of water consumption in textile-related industries in Xinjiang is made clear by analyzing the composition of water consumption in cotton planting and textile industry in China and Xinjiang; and finally, the pressure of water resources for undertaking textile industry in Xinjiang in the future is analyzed and the future development policy of textile industry in Xinjiang based on water resources is put forward by forecasting water demand of cotton planting and textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water resources and the environment is an important basis for human survival and social and economic development, and the sustainable bearing of water resources and the environment is the basic premise of sustainable development of the social economy. The water environment problems caused by the too large scale of social economy, unreasonable industrial structure, inappropriate production layout and ineffective environmental protection measures have become increasingly prominent, which has become a constraint factor for regional sustainable development. Firstly, the total population and economic development scale that the water environment system can sustain is determined, so that the water environment and sustainable ecotourism can develop harmoniously, so as to solve the problem of water environmental pollution. Then, by changing the concept of water intake, water use and drainage, and using the concept of urban sensitive water resources planning in urban comprehensive planning and water resources planning, we can create a new pattern of harmonious water use that adapts measures to local conditions and closely combines with local development characteristics, so as to realize the healthy circulation of water resources and the coordinated development of sustainable ecotourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cascade development of water resource will lead to cumulative effect of supersaturated total dissolved gas (TDG) on the ecological environment, which will cause lethal disease to fish. The TDG dissipates slowly in deep reservoir areas and if supersaturated TDG can't recover through the spillway then it will lead to continuous accumulation in the stilling basin. In order to investigate the cumulative effect of supersaturated TDG of hydropower cascades, a validated TDG numerical model with the VOF method and DES model was used to simulate a spillway discharge of Tongjiezi dam with supersaturated TDG and 100% TDG inflow. In this model, bubble size change is calculated by bubble number density equation and TDG is simulated by transport equation considering the gas-liquid mass transfer. Comparing with the TDG 100% inflow case, it indicated forebay TDG level caused by the upstream dams should be considered and involved in the downstream TDG evaluation. This paper also proposed an engineering measure with baffle blocks in the spillway which can reduce entrained bubble mass and TDG saturation level at the entry point than the case without blocks. It shows baffle blocks in the spillway can effectively reduce the cumulative effect of supersaturated TDG. It is a critical step for the mitigation of accumulation of supersaturated TDG through the spillway and the results provide reference about mitigation measure of supersaturated TDG for hydropower cascades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the world water resources situation, the reuse of wastewater will be one of the essential measures for solving water resources' problems and implementing practical and sustainable use of water resources. Wastewater reclamation risks have received considerable attention in all worlds, but research in this area is minimal, and a unified understanding and evaluation method has not yet been formed. Therefore, based on the system theory process analysis (STPA) method and hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) theory, this paper expounds on the concept of the safety and reliability of the wastewater reclamation system. Through the application of analysis methods, this paper proposes a verification method for the safety of the wastewater reclamation system and a reliability evaluation system for the wastewater reclamation system. Besides, the next research direction is further to improve the analysis model and evaluation index system to provide technical support for the construction of a safe, reliable, and economical wastewater recovery system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the impacts of climate change on water balance components, mainly precipitation, water yield, and evapotranspiration and hydrological extremes in three physiographic regions namely the Middle Mountain region, the High Mountain region, and the High Himalayas region of the West Seti River Basin (WSRB) in Nepal. The future climate was projected using the climate data of three Regional Climate Models (RCMs). The projected future climate data was then fed into the hydrological model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), to simulate hydrologic responses including water balance components under future climate conditions. Results showed that the Middle Mountain region of the basin is expected to receive the highest increase of in precipitation (11.2%) and in water yield (18.2%) as compared to the other two physiographic regions. Conversely, the High Himalayas are expected to have the highest increase of evapotranspiration (19.9%) as compared to the Middle Mountain and High Mountain regions. Similarly, the low flows in the basin are expected to decrease by −15.5% and −19.3% under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, respectively. Whereas high flows are expected to increase by 10.7% under both the RCP scenarios. The results of this study will be helpful to planners and decision makers to formulate adaptation strategies in water resources development and planning such as irrigation and hydropower development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major challenge in the operation and development of the high-head water resources, especially in the mountains with high sediment yield, is the erosion of Pelton turbine components. In this work, a numerical study was carried out based on sediment properties measured in field conditions, such as particle distributions and concentrations, to analyze the erosion mechanism of a prototype Pelton turbine injector. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was combined with a Lagrangian particle tracking approach to simulate the air-water-sediment flow, followed by the application of Mansouri's model to estimate the erosion. The predicted erosion patterns were in good agreement with field observations, especially in physically reproducing the asymmetrical erosion distribution on the needle surface. To elucidate this asymmetry, fundamental analysis of the flow patterns including the vortex structures and the secondary flow on the particle behaviors was carried out. Interestingly results were found about the secondary flow induced by the von Kármán vortex shedding, which increased the particle separations, and consequently, enhanced the erosion in shedding areas. The current work may provide important engineering insights to reduce erosion of components with inner obstructions. • Numerically reproduced the asymmetrical erosion on Pelton turbine injectors. • Erosion was enhanced by stronger particles separations in the vortex shedding areas. • The secondary flow from von Kármán vortex shedding increased particle separations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of financial development in enhancing water resources and its utilization is imperative for attaining the country's sustainable development. This paper used different stages of financial development indices and their resulting impact on water resource utilization in order to examine the threshold effect in China by using panel data from 2004 to 2015. This study put forward the threshold effect hypothesis by establishing a general equilibrium model. Further, the study employed the panel threshold model and panel fixed effect model to test the above hypothesis empirically. The results show that the single threshold effect exists in the relationship between financial development and water resource utilization. The impact of financial development on water resource utilization is not a simple linear relationship. When the growth rate of financial development is lower than the threshold value, there is a certain "threshold effect". Spatial heterogeneity affects the relationship between financial development and water resource utilization. Finally, the study found financial development in coastal areas with abundant water resources is relatively higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's electricity demand and production face rapid growth with the fast economic development. The large-scaled water consumption and pollution caused by electricity production have put great challenges to the sustainable development of water resources. This study carried out researches on the impact of power generation on the local water resource using water footprint (WF) method. Inventory at equipment level was analyzed for thermal power to calculate the WF with the bottom-up approach. The results showed that the thermal power production leaded to a huge WF. The national average was at 6.33L/kWh (ranged from 5.27 L/kWh to 7.31 L/kWh). The obvious regional distinctions caused by the difference of cooling technology and thermal power plants capacity. The national average electricity WF was at 4.70L/kWh, and regional results ranged from 0.084 L/kWh to 7.174L/kWh, declining from east to west in general. Water stress index (WSI) was used as the water scarcity footprint evaluation indicators to analyze the impact of WF of electricity production on local water resource. The water scarcity footprint of electricity in the northern region is high, especially in North and Northwest areas, electricity production put serious threat to local available water and water environmental capacity. Image 108 • Inventory at equipment level was carried out for thermal power WF calculation. • Thermal power WF has significant regional differences. • The regional electricity WF results decline from east to west in generally. • The regional water scarcity footprint of electricity was evaluated using WSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This present work studies the prediction of water resource quantity in Cyprus by using the mathematical technique called the Markov chains of the fuzzy states (MCFS) prediction method. This region is considered as a poor water country in Europe with a semi-arid climate that also has a frequent occurrence of drought and limited water resources that are mainly dependent on rainfall. Cyprus is suffering from unevenly distributed rainfall and small catchments, where extreme drought events are suspected due to climate change. The water policy in Cyprus is based on two pillars: sustainable development of water resources and water demand management. Around 1970 changes in the rainfall pattern in addition to population growth led to critical situations in many aquifers, which deteriorated due to the intrusion of seawater intrusion into the aquifer. Hence, the estimation of water resource values and water consumption for the following decades is important to implement effective management plants. By collecting and analyzing 100 years of standardized precipitation index data the future expected precipitation probabilities of the island of Cyprus were estimated using Markov chains (MC) and MCFS analysis. For this purpose, the inter-state transition probability matrix of the system has been determined and long-term equilibrium vectors have been calculated to determine the stability of the system. This study shows that the use of the MCFS gives more sensitive results for the prediction of future precipitation than the classical MC model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid economic growth of the Pearl River Delta, one of China's most economically developed areas, has led to a sharp increase in the demand for water resources, highlighting the importance of groundwater as a potential water source. However, the distribution of groundwater resources in this area is uneven, and excessive pollution emissions and seawater intrusion pose serious threats to groundwater quality. To address this challenge, this study employed a variety of machine learning and knowledge-driven models for groundwater potential mapping and vulnerability assessment. In terms of groundwater potential prediction, five machine learning algorithms were utilized, with the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) performing exceptionally well. The areas characterized by high and extremely high groundwater potential are predominantly concentrated in the central plains of the study area. In contrast, the groundwater potential is lower in the mountainous areas to the east, north, and south. Factors such as vadose zone, geomorphology, and land surface temperature were found to have the most significant impact on groundwater potential. For groundwater vulnerability assessment, a hybrid knowledge-driven framework was applied. The analysis revealed that the GALDIT model effectively assessed the risk of seawater intrusion. Near the Pearl River Estuary, the risk of seawater intrusion is notably high, while areas with low seawater intrusion risk are predominantly situated inland. Due to excessive pollution discharge, the DRASTIC model struggled to predict nitrate pollution. Additionally, the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) was used to analyze the impact of human activities on groundwater quality, with gross domestic product (GDP) and population density identified as key factors. Areas with a higher risk of nitrate pollution in groundwater are primarily located in industrial or densely populated areas where pollution sources are highly concentrated. This study proposed four sustainable groundwater management strategies, including groundwater extraction planning and pollution control. These strategies provide essential guidance for ensuring responsible and sustainable management of groundwater resources. The study underscores the critical role of comprehensive approaches in groundwater resource management. Despite certain limitations in factors such as factor selection, data accuracy, and the construction of knowledge-driven models, this study still offers valuable insights and experiences for sustainable urban development and water resource decision-making in coastal areas. [Display omitted] • LightGBM emerges as the optimal model for groundwater potential mapping. • Identifying key factors influencing groundwater potential. • Assessing groundwater vulnerability using a hybrid knowledge-driven framework. • Determining the impact of human activities on groundwater quality using XGBoost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Inefficient water governance led to a transition from an opportunity to a crisis. • Challenges of upstream development and downstream aggravate water scarcity. • Monotone drought analysis was introduced to interpret the anthropogenic' impact. • A ratio of positive to negative phases of drought indices has been introduced. The management of water resources in a basin can be challenging due to the sharing of water resources among multiple stakeholders and conflicting interests. This often results in imbalanced water resource development across the basin. While small and medium-sized projects are efficiently implemented in the headwater and upstream areas, the commissioning of large reservoirs faces delays due to the substantial investment required and regulatory processes involved. Also, the lack of coordination and synchronization in water resource development between upstream and downstream regions can lead to water scarcity and inefficient utilization of resources in the lower part of the basin. In this study, we assess the occurrence of water scarcity by comparing the frequency of hydrological and meteorological droughts before and after the detected abrupt change in river flow. To facilitate this assessment, we introduced two new indices: the positive to negative phases of hydrological and meteorological droughts. These indices highlight the increasing occurrence of hydrological droughts, which may not necessarily be linked to meteorological droughts during the identified periods. Furthermore, we propose a Monotone drought analysis method to examine the correlation between meteorological and hydrological droughts and address the impact of anthropogenic activities. We applied this analysis in the Sefid-Rud basin, the largest sub-basin in the southern Caspian Sea situated in Iran, which hosts several dams and reservoirs while more dams are in the construction and planning phase. The assessment took place in 24 gauges across the basin from 1978 to 2017 to detect and evaluate the alterations in flow regimes. Our analysis revealed that the unbalanced development of upstream water resources, driven by uncoordinated water infrastructure projects implemented by various decision-makers, has resulted in a decline of available water at critical points within the basin, which will be aggravated with the commissioning of new dams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Great Plains minnows need elevated summer spawning flows for successful recruitment. • Impoundments and groundwater development, exacerbated by drought, altered flows. • Downward streamflow trend still allows species' persistence but may become too low. • Mixed-effects regression models and Poisson regression reveal causes of alteration. • Upstream impoundments increased zero-flow days and reduced mean daily flows. Alteration of natural flow regimes from surface water and groundwater resource development has adversely impacted aquatic habitats of resident fish throughout the Great Plains. Two endangered cyprinids, Sharpnose Shiner Notropis oxyrhynchus and Smalleye Shiner N. buccula , were historically found throughout the Brazos River Basin in Texas. However, their range has been greatly reduced by construction of impoundments and stream depletion from groundwater pumping. Successful recruitment requires flowing, unobstructed river reaches of sufficient velocity to suspend semi-buoyant fertilized fish ova. The wide, shallow stream habitats the shiners utilize are now limited to the Upper Brazos River Basin upstream of Possum Kingdom Reservoir. This study assesses the relative importance of long-term climate variability, reservoir construction, and groundwater development on Upper Brazos streamflow regimes by (1) calculating flow metrics (2) evaluating groundwater-surface water interactions and long-term groundwater inflows, and (3) using mixed-effects regression models and Poisson regression. Results show that fish habitat has been threatened through several impacted hydrologic processes: (1) groundwater development has resulted in reduced mean daily flows, peak flows, and zero-flow days, (2) upstream impoundments have increased zero-flow days and reduced mean daily flows, and (3) lower mean daily flows and peak flows now occur during droughts, suggesting water resource development—particularly after 1970—has exacerbated drought effects. We illustrate this approach using the Upper Brazos River Basin; however, the methodology applied can inform management actions to maintain spawning flows for streams in similar altered basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Budyko model with time-varying parameters improved the model accuracy. • The elasticity coefficient method was adopted to attribution analysis. • n had a strong linear relationship with climatic and vegetation factors. • Precipitation and vegetation coverage were dominant factors affecting runoff change. The evolution of basin runoff is related to water resource development and the safety of the ecological environment. This study took the Wuding River Basin (WRB) as the study area, using trend analysis, significance tests, and the elasticity coefficient method to identify the impact factors of basin runoff change. Based on four Budyko equations and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, a fitting equation of time-varying underlying surface parameters that considers various factors was constructed, and the contribution rates of climatic and vegetation changes to runoff change were quantified. The WRB Runoff decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) at a rate of −0.175 mm∙a−1 during 1982–2019, and precipitation and potential evapotranspiration showed significant increasing trends. Sensitivity of runoff changes to time-varying underlying surface parameters, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration decreased sequentially. Simulation accuracies of the Budyko equations for runoff changes were significantly improved with time-varying underlying surface parameters. The change of vegetation factors was the dominant factor leading to runoff reduction, and the impact of climatic factors on the runoff change was characterized by "promotion first, inhibition later." The results provide a reference for water resource development and utilization and the hydrological–ecological response in the Loess Plateau region under a changing environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A refined method for open-surface water body detection has been improved, specifically tailored to areas characterized by high cold, high altitude, and highly heterogeneous backdrops. • In contrast to the global decline in terrestrial water storage, surface water area on NSKM has continued to expand over the past 32 years. • Permanent water bodies on NSKM are primarily found in mountainous areas with stable water levels. Seasonal water bodies are located in desert-oasis areas and have significant fluctuations. • Climate changes are the main factor affecting open-surface water bodies on NSKM, but human activities in desert-oasis areas also play a role. Identifying and monitoring open-surface water bodies are significant for understanding regional water resource distribution and evolving trends. This understanding carries profound value for comprehensively assessing the effects of climate change and human social activities on water resources and maintaining water security. This study pioneers' improvements in surface water detection rules with the central aim of constructing a Method with Enhanced Impurity Control, specifically tailored for complex environmental scenarios (OA = 98.97 % ± 0.06). This is achieved by incorporating intricate exponential constraints and targeted data masks. Our analysis is grounded in the examination of 21,709 preprocessed high-quality images, covering the period from 1990 to 2021 across the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. Through this comprehensive study, we have gleaned insightful results regarding the spatiotemporal dynamics of open-surface water bodies. In the past 32 years, the surface water body area on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains has exhibited a significantly increasing trend. Specifically, the size of permanent water bodies expanded by 71.03 % (with a 95 % confidence interval: ± 27.73 %), while the area of seasonal water bodies grew by a substantial 170.63 % (with a 95 % confidence interval: ± 17.50 %). Open-surface water bodies display discernible spatiotemporal differences. Stable and continuous permanent water bodies are predominantly in mountainous areas, whereas seasonal water bodies with pronounced fluctuations are chiefly found in desert-oasis areas. Climate change is the dominant factor that affects the changes of water bodies on the surface of mountain regions, while human social activities also have a significant impact on desert-oasis areas. The improved methodology adopted in this study offers a robust and scalable framework that can be tailored for studying changes in open-surface water bodies in intricate environments. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the changes and drivers of open-surface water bodies on the north side of the Kunlun Mountains over time and space. This work is aimed at providing data support for scientifically appraising the development potential of water resources in Southern Xinjiang and addressing the disparity between water resource supply and demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A rigid spherical projectile impact on an ice plate is investigated. • Freshwater ice samples are tested at impact velocity ranging from 2 to 74 m/s. • Crater parameters, residual velocity and energy absorption are analysed. • Factors affecting the dynamic fracture process and crater formation are discussed. • Failure modes are evaluated at different ice thicknesses and impact velocities. Penetrator–ice plate impact subjected to dynamic loading constitutes many scientific applications for ice, such as controlling ice disasters by penetrating the ice cover and then entering underwater to explosive ice breaking on Earth, and life detection and resource development under water ice sheet on outer space planets. We present experimental results of brittle damage induced by a small spherical projectile impacting an ice plate with a thickness of 6–50 mm using a drop ball test device or a vertical gas gun. The corresponding impact velocities vary from 2 to 74 m/s. Crater parameters, residual velocity and energy absorption are investigated and assessed. The main fracture patterns and crater formation are captured by two high-speed cameras. A dynamic recrystallization phenomenon of polycrystalline ice is observed, and its formation mechanism is preliminarily analysed. The effects of the impact velocity, ice sample thickness, and restriction conditions on dynamic fracture processes and failure modes are systematically explored. These results improve our understanding of dynamic fracturing mechanism in ice engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jilin Boluo lake wetland nature reserve is located in the northwest of Changchun city; the reserve has rich biodiversity and unique wetland water resources to develop eco-tourism. This paper first analyzes the general situation of Jilin Boluo lake wetland nature reserve and its water resources, second analyzes the water-related eco-tourism resources in the reserve, and then analyzes the status quo of eco-tourism development in the reserve on this basis. Third, the status of ecological quality and water resource management in the reserve was evaluated. Finally, based on the above research, the countermeasures of water resource utilization and protection in the development of eco-tourism in the reserve are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing severe global water crisis, effective management and utilization of water resource have become an important problem to be solved for enterprises. Water footprint assessment has provided a new perspective in making flexible water resources development strategy. This study reports the results of a water footprint (WF) assessment for a typical textile printing and dyeing enterprise using the international method based on ISO14046. Since the calculation boundary "gate to gate" is select, the study pays particular attention to the industrial production stages from 2011 to 2013, and present an impact assessing caused by freshwater consumption and wastewater discharge at organization, product and process level. The results show that both the enterprise and product water scarcity footprint (WSF) in 2012 are the highest. Through the analysis of direct water scarcity footprint (DWSF) composition of each facility, it can be seen that dyeing factories account for 68% of the total enterprise DWSF. In light of the product level, the WSF of products are sorted from the highest to the lowest as follows: chemical knitted fabric > cotton knitted fabric > blended knitted fabric. Among the major water consumption working procedures of these three products, the water consumption of dyeing working procedure is the largest, which is successively followed by that of the printing and washing working procedure as well as that of sizing working procedure. The water degradation footprint, water eutrophication footprint and water acidification footprint of products show an overall downward trend. It is meaningful to reduce the freshwater consumption and wastewater discharge of the hot-spots through the improvement of freshwater management pattern and production techniques. Specific recommendations for further research in this field were also proposed in this study accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]