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High entropy materials are becoming more and more popular in energy storage field of supercapacitors because of their unique structure and modulated functional characteristics, but their low conductivity and instability of electrode structure limit their further electrochemical performance. In this paper, we use polyethylene glycol (PEG) with different molecular weights to modify the surface morphology of the high entropy oxides (FeCoCrMnNi) 3 O 4 in an attempt to improve their supercapacitors performance. The PEG was used as a pore-making agent to prepare porous high entropy oxides powder with a large specific surface area of 92.7559 m2 g−1, providing more active sites and ion transport channels. A high specific capacitance of 204 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and good cycle performance of 60.4 % capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles were obtained. Besides, an asymmetric device with improved energy density of 53 W h kg−1 and the power density of 400.8 W kg−1 were reached via the designed microstructure of the high entropy oxide electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metal free photocatalysts have more environmentally friendly and low-cost advantages but are challenging to find suitable ones. Using the electronic properties of the edge-passivated graphene nanoribbons (EPGNRs) by manipulating the widths and edges, we demonstrate that 5 EPGNRs consisting of metal free elements, which are screened from 10 graphene nanoribbons passivated by H/N/O/F atoms, can achieve high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency in overall water splitting for hydrogen production. After ensuring the energy and thermodynamic stabilities, we construct 16 possible photocatalytic schemes for each EPGNR. At the same time, the feasible ones are selected by calculating charge density distributions, vacuum levels, and the potential energy of the band edges. 9 eligible schemes for overall water splitting are determined and the solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies are calculated according to the overpotentials and band gaps. The highest value of 34.19% is attributed to the H-GNR-O nanoribbon and a larger 38.71% can be boosted by stain engineering, which reveals that the passivated atoms can substantially manipulate the electronic properties and photocatalytic performance of graphene nanoribbons. The calculated Gibbs free energies confirm that the photocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen generations can be driven by the present EPGNRs. Therefore, the newfound metal free EPGNRs are promising for driving overall water splitting for generating hydrogen in a clean way. [Display omitted] • Photocatalytic water splitting schemes are built for five considered nanoribbons. • The highest solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of these schemes can reach 34.19%. • Anisotropic vacuum levels are responsible for the high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency. • Thermodynamic feasibility of the built schemes is ensured by the Gibbs free energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment modalities of ependymoma in infants remain controversial. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy could prolong overall survival but has the potential to affect nervous system development in infants. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in prolonging overall survival for infants with ependymoma is still unclear. Therefore we designed this study to explore the effect of treatment modalities on survival time of infants with ependymoma. We studied 72 infants with ependymoma from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database in this retrospective analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were adopted to determine hazard ratios and compare overall survival. Among 72 infants with ependymoma, 35 were male (48.6%) and 37 were female (51.4%). The 5-year overall survival of all patients was 67%. Forty-six infants (63.9%) received gross total resection, 20 (27.8%) received subtotal resection, and 6 (8.3%) did not receive surgical resection or only autopsy. Twenty-one infants (29.2%) received radiotherapy, and 45 (62.5%) received chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients accepted surgical resection (No vs. gross total resection, P < 0.001; No vs. subtotal resection, P = 0.026) and chemotherapy (No vs. Yes, P = 0.024) are the independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Treatment modality is associated with survival time in infants with ependymoma. The extent of resection and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for infants with ependymoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In schizophrenia, the age at illness onset may reflect genetic loading and predict prognosis. We aimed to compare the pre-treatment symptom profiles and clinical symptom responses to antipsychotic treatment of individuals with late-onset schizophrenia (LOS; onset age: 40–59 years) with individuals with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS; onset age < 18 years) or typical-onset schizophrenia (TOS; onset age: 18–39 years). We conducted an 8-week cohort study in inpatient departments of five mental health hospitals in five cities in China. We included 106 individuals with LOS, 80 with EOS, and 214 with TOS. Their onset of schizophrenia was within three years and the disorders were minimally treated. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate clinical symptoms at baseline and after 8 weeks of antipsychotic treatment. Mixed effect models were used to compare symptom improvement within eight weeks. Antipsychotic therapy reduced all PANSS factor scores in all three groups. LOS had significantly better improvement in PANSS positive factor scores than EOS at week 8 after adjusting for sex, duration of illness, dose equivalents of antipsychotics at baseline, sites as fixed effects, and individuals as random effects. LOS was associated with reduced positive factor scores at week 8 when receiving 1 mg olanzapine dose equivalent per 1 kg body weight compared with EOS or TOS. In conclusion, LOS had better early improvement of positive symptoms than EOS and TOS. Thus, personalized treatment for schizophrenia should consider the age of onset. • Age of schizophrenia onset is not related to the pre-treatment severity of positive symptoms. • Late-onset schizophrenia is related to better improvement of positive symptoms at week 8 than the early-onset. • Patients with late-onset schizophrenia are more sensitive to antipsychotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide hotlines are widely used, with potential for identification of callers at especially high risk. This prospective study was conducted at the largest psychological support hotline in China. From 2015 to 2017, all distressed callers were consecutively included and assessed, using a standardized scale consisting of 12 elements, yielding scores of high risk (8–16), moderate risk (4–7), and low risk (0–3) for suicidal act. All high-risk and half of moderate- and low-risk callers were scheduled for a 12-month follow-up. Main outcomes were suicidal acts (nonlethal attempt, death) over follow-up. Of 21,346 fully assessed callers, 5822, 11,791, and 3733 were classified as high-, moderate-, or low-risk for suicidal acts, with 8869 callers (4076 high-, 3258 moderate-, and 1535 low-risk) followed up over 12 months. Over follow-up, 802 (9.0 %) callers attempted suicide or died by suicide. The high-risk callers (15.1 %) had 3-fold higher risk for subsequent suicidal acts than moderate- (5.1 %) and 12-fold higher risk than low-risk callers (1.3 %). The weighted sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of high risk scores were 56.4 %, 74.9 %, and 14.4 %. Assessed callers with different risk levels were followed disproportionally. Suicidal risk assessment during a hotline call is both feasible and predictive of risk, guiding resource allocation to higher risk callers. • A comprehensive suicidal risk assessment scale for suicide prevention hotline has been developed. • Of 21,346 fully assessed hotline callers, 8869 callers were followed up over 12-month. • Findings of this prospective study indicate that predictive validities of the scale are acceptable. • Suicidal risk assessment is viable for determination of intervention plan in hotline in resources-limited countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The association between temperature and influenza was nonlinear, and the contribution of low temperatures to influenza epidemics was relatively large. • The association between temperature and influenza activity varies in different regions, suggesting that influenza prevention and control policies need to be tailored to local conditions. • The threshold temperatures for an early warning of serious influenza outbreaks were −24.3 ℃ in northeast region, 16.6 ℃ in northwest region, and 1–10 ℃ in the other regions of China. Temperature affects influenza transmission; however, currently, limited evidence exists about its effect in China at the national and city levels as well as how temperature can be integrated into influenza interventions. Meteorological, pollutant, and influenza data from 201 cities in mainland China between 2013 and 2018 were analyzed at both the city and national levels to investigate the relationship between temperature and influenza prevalence. We examined the impact of temperature on the time-varying reproduction number (R t) using generalized additive quasi-Poisson regression models combined with the distributed lag nonlinear model. Threshold temperatures were determined for seven regions based on the early warning threshold of serious influenza outbreaks, set at R t = 1.2. A multivariate random-effects meta -analysis was employed to assess region-specific associations. The excess risk (ER) index was defined to investigate the correlation between R t and temperature, modified based on seasonal and regional characteristics. At the national level and in the central, northern, northwestern, and southern regions, temperature was found to be negatively correlated with relative risk, whereas the shapes of the data curves for the eastern, southwestern, and northeastern regions were not well defined. Low temperatures had an observable effect on influenza prevalence; however, the effects of high temperatures were not obvious. At an R t of 1.2, the threshold temperatures for reaching a warning for serious influenza outbreaks were − 24.3 °C in the northeastern region, 16.6 °C in the northwestern region, and between 1℃ and 10 °C in other regions. The study findings revealed that temperature had a varying effect on influenza transmission trends (R t) across different regions in China. By identifying region-specific temperature thresholds at R t = 1.2, more effective early warning systems for influenza outbreaks could be tailored. These findings emphasize the significance of the region-specific adaptation of influenza prevention and control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By combining Gd dopant induction and magnetron sputtering technique, vertically-aligned Gd-doped WO 3 nano-stalagmite arrays (GW-NSs) have been first constructed on the ITO-coated glass substrate, which exhibits a significantly improved electrochromic and capacitive performance. Moreover, an electrochromic energy storage smart window (EESW) device is further fabricated by assembling the GW-NSs electrode and an opposite NiO electrode toward practical bifunctional application. [Display omitted] • Gd-doped WO 3 nano-stalagmites (GW-NSs) array with vertical alignment have been successfully synthesized on ITO-coated glass substrates via co-sputtering method, which can possess optimized aspect ratio and array density by precise parameter optimal design (Gd/W, sputtering times, etc). • The optimized GW-NSs film exhibits a significantly improved electrochromic and capacitive performance, which could be attributed to its large surface area of nano-array structures induced by Gd doping, significantly increasing the number of the active sites and meanwhile facilitate the Li+ ions diffusion. • Dual-functional smart window device assembled with the GW-NSs and NiO counter electrode is demonstrated with ability to visually monitor the level of stored energy from the rapid and reversible color variation, indicating the potential applications of GW-NSs in both electrochromic and energy-storage fields. Gd-doped WO 3 nano-stalagmites (GW-NSs) film has been successfully prepared on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates by co-sputtering deposition. Gd dopants can facilitate the vertically-aligned growth of WO 3 nano-stalagmites on the WO 3 -nanoparticle seed layer. The microstructure analysis shows that the GW-NSs film with optimized aspect ratio and array density is fabricated with Gd/W = 0.6 % in atomic ratio. Such GW-NSs electrode (active area: 1 × 1.5 cm2) exhibits large transmittance modulation (ΔT = 52.7 % at 633 nm), high coloration efficiency (87.3 cm2 C−1 at 633 nm), fast switching speed (5.9/13.1 s for coloration/bleaching), large diffusion coefficient (9.52 × 10−10 cm2 s−1) and long-term cycling stability (>2000) under an applied voltage of ± 1.0 V, which can be attributed to a shorten Li+ diffusion distance and a large-area contact with the electrolyte. Importantly, the GW-NSs film also shows superior capacitive performance (calculated areal capacitance of 8.44 mF cm−2 at 0.4 mA cm−2) and long-term cyclic stability (capacitance retention rate is 87.4 % after 2000 cycles). Furthermore, we fabricated the bifunctional smart window device combined with NiO counterpart electrode, which has the ability to visually monitor the level of stored energy from rapid and reversible coloration, indicating the potential applications of GW-NSs in both electrochromic and energy-storage fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Based on the USPEX screening more stable SiCP 4 allotropes was obtained. • A high carrier mobility of 106 cm2 V−1 s−1 is observed for SiCP 4 allotrope. • The maximum η S T H ′ and η S T F ′ of SiCP 4 allotrope can reach 21.89% and 23.90% • Two SiCP 4 allotropes can trigger HER spontaneously. • SiCP 4 allotropes have the potential to reduce CO 2 to CH 4 or HCOOH. Two-dimensional metal-free photocatalysts are catching the attention of researchers. Here, we present several allotrope SiCP 4 monolayers with high stability, high carrier mobility, and excellent photocatalytic performance. Using a searching method based on the universal structure predictor evolutionary xtallography, together with assessing the energy and thermodynamic stabilities, and matching the potentials of band edges with the photocatalytic conditions for achieving overall water splitting, we successfully identify 5 highly favorable configurations (including the previously reported one) from a pool of 1056 allotrope SiCP 4 monolayers. The results show that the largest solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of the considered monolayers can reach 21.89 %, while a high mobility of 2.7677 × 105 cm2 V−1 s−1 is observed, both are superior to those of the previously reported one. The Gibbs free energies for hydrogen or oxygen evolutions, and CO 2 reduction reactions indicate they are thermodynamically feasible. Moreover, the hydrogen evolution reaction can proceed spontaneously with two allotrope SiCP 4 monolayers. Therefore, the newfound allotrope SiCP 4 monolayers are expected to have potential applications in the field of photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen generation and carbon dioxide reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past several decades, N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands with strong σ donation have become of great interest for transition metal medicinal applications. This review mainly focuses on an update of transition metal–NHC complexes in antitumor therapy, including the antitumor properties, the possible mechanisms of action, and structure–activity relationships for novel metal–NHC complexes from 2017 to the present. [Display omitted] • Recent developments of transition metal N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes for antitumor therapy are reviewed. • The antitumor properties of metal–NHC complexes (Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, Re, Ir, Fe, Cu) are discussed. The structure–activity relationships and possible mechanisms of action are summarized. Metal complexes, which exhibit alterable oxidation states, coordination numbers, and capacity to coordinate with different ligands, have provided a versatile platform for designing novel theranostic agents. By optimizing ligands, the curative effect of metal ions can be improved by the suitable stability and spatial configuration to act with the therapeutic target. In the past several decades, N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands with strong σ donation have become of great interest for transition metal (Au, Ag, Pt, etc.) medicinal applications. The research on metal–NHC (M−NHC) complexes as potential antitumor metallodrugs has been boosted dramatically since the seminal research by Berners-Price et al. in 2004. This review provides the latest advances in NHC-based metallodrugs from 2017 to the present. The antitumor properties, possible mode of action, and structure–activity relationships for NHC metallodrugs are summarized. We hope this comprehensive review will be of great benefit to researchers designing novel M−NHC antitumor drugs and developing metallodrugs for successful clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and the risk of bone fracture in menopausal women in Taiwan.Study Design: The longitudinal, population-based, nested case-control study in Taiwan involved 5269 women aged > 45 years with fractures and 21,076 matched randomly selected controls without fractures. A conditional logistic regression model of analysis was employed.Main Outcome Measures: The association between the risk of bone fracture and various HRT-related parameters, including the timing, dosage, and adherence, was investigated.Results: Women with menopausal syndrome were protected from fractures when they received hormone drugs at high cumulative defined daily doses (DDDs) (Cumulative DDDs≥360) (odds ratio [OR]: 0.90, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.82-0.99) and when their adherence was high (over 0.5) (OR: 0.70, 95 % CI: 0.60-0.82). The risk of fracture also decreased with high cumulative DDDs and high adherence combined (OR: 0.71, 95 % CI: 058-0.86). Subgroup analyses suggested that estrogen-containing regimens showed a protective effect against fractures at high cumulative DDDs or when adherence was high. Similar results were also observed with progestogen-containing regimens. Past exposure to an estrogen-containing regimen showed a protective effect against fractures when adherence was high. Past exposure to a progestogen-containing regimen showed a protective effect against fractures at high cumulative DDDs and when adherence was high.Conclusions: The results indicate that past exposure to estrogen-containing or progestogen-containing regimens exerts protective effects against bone fracture. These effects increased with higher cumulative DDDs and with adherence in a dose-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pogostemon oil (PO) is a volatile oil extracted from Pogostemon cablin. , a traditional Chinese medicinal plants. Clinical studies have confirmed that PO has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, but the resistance and protective mechanism of PO against Streptococcus agalactiae (SA) infection in Genetically Improved Cultured Tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus.) are still unclear. The purpose of our study was to verify the resistance of PO feed to SA infection and reveal the potential immune mechanism. These 252 Tilapias were randomly divided into three groups, each with three replicates. The control group CON was fed with basic diet; These experimental groups PO5 and PO15 were fed with 5 μ L / g, 15 μ L / g PO diet, respectively; After 28 days feeding, Tilapia were randomly selected from CON, PO5, and PO15 groups, respectively: 22 fishes in each group were intraperitoneally injected with PBS to produce NC, NP5, and NP15 groups; other 22 fishes in each group were intraperitoneally injected with SA to produce CK, SP5, and SP15 groups. Twelve hours after SA challenge, spleen tissues were collected to study the effect of PO feed resist SA infection in Tilapia by RNA-Seq. In addition, two independent acute SA challenge experiments were added to verify the protective ability of PO against SA infection. In the transcriptome results, co-expressed genes in MEgreen (divided by WGCNA) were enriched in immune-related pathways by KEGG analysis, including Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway. Cluster analysis of 166 shared DEGs responsible to SA infection identified two major clusters with almost opposite expression trends. il-1β (interleukin-1 beta) , gpr84 (G protein-coupled receptor 84) , and OXER1 (oxoeicosanoid receptor 1) belonged to both share DEGs and key co-expressed genes, were up-regulated by PO after SA infection. In the survival challenge of LD 50 concentration of SA, 5μL / g (0.67% vs 53.33%, P < 0.01), 10 μL / g (0.67% vs 53.33%, P < 0.01), and 15 μL / g (33.33% vs 53.33%, P > 0.05) PO feed groups decreased Tilapia mortality compared to basic diet group. In the challenge of SA concentration 10 times higher than LD 50 , 15 μL / g PO feed (55% vs 95%, P < 0.05) reduced mortality compared to basic diet group, and 5 μL / g PO feed significantly prolonged the median survival time of 1 day. In general, 5–15 μL / g PO feeds improved the resistance of Tilapia to SA infection and reduced the mortality of Tilapia. The results of RNA-Seq provide data support for the molecular mechanism of PO feeds regulating the immune response of Tilapia to SA. Collectively, PO may have the potential to be developed as a dietary supplementation for preventing and treating SA infections. • Our study first demonstrates patchouli oil protects against Streptococcus agalactiae infection in Tilapia through immune protection using RNAseq analysis. • Noticeably, clusters analysis of shared DEGs shows the expression trends were almost converse in cluster 1 and 3. • Many immune-related genes regulated by PO were identified, e.g., il-1b, il1rl1, tp53i3, tnfaip6, nccrp1, gpr84, oxer1, hamp, acod1, gas7a and egln3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• First paired δ7Li data of different components were reported for the cap carbonates. • Marine clay authigenesis is intense during the late neoproterozoic. • δ7Li data indicate highly congruent weathering in the Marinoan aftermath. The termination of the Cryogenian period marks a transition from an extreme ice- to a greenhouse climate, likely initiated by increased atmospheric CO 2 , however uncertainties persist on continental weathering regarding this climate transition. Here we present paired lithium isotope data from carbonate (δ7Li carb) and carbonate-hosted silicate (δ7Li sili) components of the Marinoan cap carbonates to constrain C and Si cycles in the deglacial period. We find that the silicate component of cap carbonates is dominated by marine authigenic clays with minor contributions from terrestrially detrital materials and oxides. Built from δ7Li sili data, large variations of seawater δ7Li suggest a heterogeneous marine Li reservoir due to a stratified ocean in the deglacial period. Overall, widespread clay authigenesis and low seawater δ7Li values indicate active carbon-silicon cycling and congruent silicate weathering due to warm climate and exposure of fresh rock surface in the Marinoan aftermath, which promotes the deposition of cap carbonates and stabilization of Earth's surface environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accumulating evidence has converged to suggest that childhood trauma may contribute to bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed to investigate the patterns of childhood trauma among patients with bipolar I (BD-I) and bipolar II (BD-II) disorders, according to DSM-IV and in contrast with healthy volunteers. We also explored whether the relationship between childhood trauma and onset of bipolar disorder is mediated by immature defense mechanisms.Methods: Participants were patients with BD-I (n=44) and BD-II (n = 42), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 43). Childhood traumatic experiences and defense mechanisms were assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ), respectively.Results: BD patients experienced more severe childhood trauma than HCs. Physical neglect sub-score and total score of the CTQ had both direct and indirect effects on the diagnosis of BD-I, and an immature defense style mediated the indirect effects. The diagnosis of BD-II was mainly related to the physical neglect and emotional abuse subs-core and total score of the CTQ, as mediated by the immature defense mechanisms. BD-I and BD-II significantly differed in the emotional abuse sub-score of the CTQ.Conclusions: Physical neglect sub-score and total score of the CTQ were associated with the diagnosis of BD (both BD-I and BD-II), as mediated by an immature defense style. Furthermore, emotional abuse might be an important risk factor for BD-II compared to BD-I. These findings may inform risk reduction and psychosocial intervention strategies to prevent and treat patients with bipolar disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Context: The mechanical strength provided by internal fixation is crucial for maintaining reduction and facilitating bony fusion. Though satisfactory results with the C1-C2 technique have been acquired in most clinical reports, the related problems of fusion delay and pseudarthrosis still exist. To increase the chance of bony fusion, a transverse connector (TC) is frequently used to augment torsional stiffness of thoracolumbar screw/rod constructs. Nevertheless, the clinical implication of TC in the management of atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) and basilar invagination (BI) remains largely unknown.Purpose: To evaluate the effects of TC application on C1-C2 screw-rod constructs based on consecutive adult patients with AAD and BI in a single institution over a 10-year period.Study Design: A retrospective study.Patient Sample: Patients with AAD and BI, who were treated with posterior C1-C2 screw-rod technique with or without TC usage from June 2007 to June 2017 at a single institution.Outcome Measures: The radiological measurements included the anterior atlantodental interval (AADI), posterior atlantodental interval (PADI), height of odontoid process above Chamberlain line, and cervicomedullary angle (CMA). Patients' neurologic status was evaluated with the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. Fusion status was evaluated at different follow-up periods.Methods: We compared the difference of clinical, radiological, and surgical outcomes between the TC and NTC groups postoperatively.Results: In total, there were 149 consecutive patients in the TC group and 168 patients in the NTC group. On average, 1.2 TCs per patient were used in the TC group. No significant differences were identified for operative time and blood loss between groups. There was also no statistical difference in the radiological measurements of AADI, PADI, Chamberlain line, and CMA between the TC and NTC groups preoperatively and postoperatively. A significantly higher JOA score was obtained in the TC group than that in the NTC group postoperatively. The fusion rates were higher in the TC group than those in the NCT group at the early stage postoperatively (3 and 6 months; p<.01).Conclusions: Use of TCs seems to improve bony fusion and neurologic outcomes in the treatment of AAD and BI with C1-C2 screw-rod technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodic dynamic flow, including pulsatile flow and oscillatory flow, has many applications at the microscopic scale in chemistry, biology, and pharmacy. Conventional devices for periodic flow are either bulky, complicated, or inflexible. Here, we propose a novel on-chip flow generator with multi-pattern outputs possessing the obvious advantages of small size, simple structure, and being easy to be implemented. The fluid flow is synergistically driven by the constant pressure and the alternating pressure in a pair of conical channels. We design and fabricate a simple on-chip prototype following this conical-channel-based constant–alternating (C3A) driving method, and validate its performance through both numerical simulation and flow experiment. The results demonstrate the synergistic effects of the constant and alternating pressures on the fluid flow, and can implement four flow modes, i.e., steady flow, oscillatory flow, pulsatile flow, and complex flow, simply by modulating the input voltage. The proposed flow generator with multi-pattern outputs, simple structure and small footprint can be flexibly integrated with other on-chip devices for various biomedical applications, and the proposed strategy utilizing multiple synchronous sources can also inspire more delicate manipulation in the context of microfluidics. [Display omitted] • A conical-channel-based constant-alternating (C3A) driving method is proposed to drive fluid flow in a microchannel. • A novel on-chip flow generator for multi-pattern periodic dynamic (PD) flow is developed following the proposed C3A driving strategy. • Four flow modes can be implemented using the proposed on-chip prototype. • The proposed flow generator has the advantages of small size, simple structure, and being easy to be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this paper, we propose the multiscale joint permutation entropy (MJPE) to study the synchronism between two complex time series from the view of ordinal pattern and multiple scales. First, we use the Rossler system using active control, two-component ARFIMA processes to test the effectiveness of MJPE and also add some noise to the ARFIMA time series and apply MJPE to find the effect of noise. The results show the necessity of investigating the synchronism on the multiple scales, prove the effectiveness of MJPE method and show the sensitiveness of MJPE method to noise. Then MJPE method is employed to financial time series and traffic time series to validate the applicability of the proposed MJPE method for the complex time series in the real world. The conclusion from these MJPE results for financial time series is consistent with the actual situation of the synchronism and correlation between stock indices. Meanwhile, the results for traffic time series suggest the need for study the synchronism from the perspective of multiple scales and point out the different synchronisms for traffic time series of weekdays and weekends. MJPE method has a broad application prospect on the investigation of synchronism on the complex time series from different fields. Highlights • We propose MJPE method to study the synchronism between two time series. • We apply MJPE method to the simulated time series to test the validity. • The results show the necessity of multiscale and prove the effectiveness of MJPE. • MJPE method is employed to the financial and traffic time series. • MJPE results present the synchronisms from multiscale view successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Unfamiliarity with the morphometry of the assimilated C1 lateral mass (C1LM) could make screw placement dangerous. In the present study, we defined the morphometric dimensions of the occipitalized C1LM to provide surgeons with valuable information for preoperative planning. Methods Thin-slice computed tomography scanning data from 131 patients with occipitalization of the atlas (OA) and 50 control cases were imported into Mimics software for analysis. The widths and heights of the C1LM were fully measured in the different planes. The ideal inward angulation and the safe maximum cephalic angulation of C1 screw trajectory were evaluated. Results Except for the medial height, all the widths and heights of C1LM were significantly shorter in the OA group than those in the control group. The ideal inward angle (α) was significantly larger in the OA group (23.8° ± 8.3°) than that (15.3° ± 3.8°) in the control group; the corresponding screw length was also significantly longer in the OA group (20.9 ± 2.9 mm). The safe maximum cephalic angles (β) of the screw trajectory did not reach a significant difference between the 2 groups. All the widths and heights were shorter in the females than those in the males. The α angle also did not reach a significant difference between the sexes; however, the β angles in the males (35.9° ± 10.4°) was significantly larger than that in the females (32.0° ± 9.4°). Conclusions Although the hypoplastic C1LM brings limitations to screw insertion to some extent, it is still broad enough to accommodate a screw safely in both female and male patients. Considering the irregularity of the C1LM in patients with OA, the preoperative imaging assessment is critical, and C1LM screw placement should be performed individually. Highlights • The volume of the C1LM with occipitalization is hypoplastic. • The assimilated C1LM is still broad enough to accommodate a screw safely in both female and male patients. • The inward angle of the screw trajectory will be larger in the OA group than that in the control group. • The safe maximum cephalic angle of the screw trajectory was not different between the OA and control groups. • The volume of the C1LM in women is small compared with that in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this work, a reliable and affordable QuEChERS sampling method is developed for simultaneous detection and quantification of 13 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in aquatic products. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for rapid analysis and the analytes were extracted using styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer (PS-DVB). The performances of the sorbents were evaluated based upon parameters, such as recovery and matrix effect. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection of 13 PFCs were found to be lying within the range of 0.001–0.070 μg kg−1. The application of aquatic sampling demonstrated that ultra-trace levels of PFCs were successfully detected and quantified within the range of 0.028–31.0 μg kg−1 in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), salmon (Oncorhynchus mykiss), mussels (Perna viridis) and clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). Compared with the solid phase extraction method, the application of PS-DVB beads as an adsorbent proved to be quicker and successful in the determination of PFCs in aquatic samples. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Aquatic products contain PFCs. • Extraction with polymer based sorbent — PS-DVB offers the excellent extraction performance. • QuECHERS method and LC–MS/MS detection is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite anode composing of in-situ exsolved Fe Ni alloy (FNA) nanoparticles and Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite SrLaFeO 4 (SLF) substrate has been prepared by reducing La 0.5 Sr 0.5 Fe 0.8 Ni 0.20 O 3-δ (LSFN) perovskite precursor in humidified H 2 (3% H 2 O) at 800 °C. Roles of FNA and SLF, respectively, in performance and stability of the anode are systematically studied. The electric conductivity of the reduced LSFN and single cell performance of the composite (SLF-FNA) are examined in comparison with those of the SrLaFeO 4-δ (SLFO 4 ) anode alone. The significantly improved performance of the composite anode cell at lower temperatures (<700 °C) may be predominately ascribed to the enhanced electrochemical activity as well as electric conductivity due to the presence of FNA exsolution. The maximum power densities (P max s) of a single cell with the composite anode achieve 0.74, 0.58, 0.40, and 0.25 W cm −2 at 800, 750, 700 and 650 °C, respectively, which is comparable to the performance of Fe Ni-SDC cermets anode. However, the long time stability of the composite anode is superior to that of the Fe Ni-SDC cermets in various fuels, suggesting that SLF-FNA is sulfur-tolerant and coking-tolerant composite anode material, which possess great potentials for future application. The results can be used as guidance for designing high-performance composite anodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are quite capable of distinguishing those outcomes we cause from those we do not. This ability to sense self-agency is thought to be produced by a comparison between a predictive representation of an outcome and the actual outcome that occurs. It is unclear, though, specifically what types of information can be entered into agency computations. Here, we demonstrate that information from non-target stimuli (stimuli that are not directly acted upon) incidentally present in our surroundings can influence predictions of outcomes, consequently modulating the sense of agency over clearly-defined target outcomes (those that occur to acted-upon stimuli). This provides the first evidence that our sense of agency is contextualized with respect to what is in our immediate visual environment. Furthermore, our data suggest that agency computations, instead of just a single comparison, may involve comparisons performed in stages, with different stages involving different types/classes of information. A model of such multi-stage comparisons is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With distinct ion insertion-induced tinting behavior, tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) has been intensively studied as a representative electrochromic (EC) material for many years. To enhance its EC properties, strategies including nanostructuring, plasmonic engineering, and metal ion doping have been adopted. Here, we show that rare earth element of gadolinium (Gd) doping can effectively improve the coloration efficiency ( η ) of a sputtered amorphous WO 3 (∼30% enhancement at the maximum of eye-sensitive wavelength of 520 nm for 0.57 wt% doping). By combining the film structural characterization and electrochemical analysis, such an increment can be attributed to the monoclinic Gd 2 O 3 nanoislands formed on WO 3 surface which enhanced charge capacity and reaction kinetics of the film. The large transmittance modulation (76% at 800 nm), high coloration efficiency (68.3 cm 2  C −1 at 633 nm) and fast switching speed (7.8 and 10.4 s for coloration and bleach time, respectively) were achieved for the modest Gd-doped WO 3 film (0.9%). However, further increasing of Gd doping results in decreasing of η , which could be attributed to the excess amount of Gd 2 O 3 that inhibits the penetration of electrolyte into the active material. We believe that the understanding of the Gd-doping effect on the electrochemical behaviours of WO 3 may shed light on selecting the proper doping elements and their concentration for energy-saving smart windows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerated life testing provides an interesting challenge for quantification of the uncertainties involved, in particular due to the required linking of the units’ failure times, or failure time distributions, at different stress levels. This paper provides an initial exploration of the use of statistical methods based on imprecise probabilities for accelerated life testing. We apply nonparametric predictive inference at the normal stress level, in combination with an estimated parametric power-Weibull model linking observations at different stress levels. To provide robustness with regard to this assumed link between different stress levels, we introduce imprecision by considering an interval around the parameter estimate, leading to observations at stress levels other than the normal level to be transformed to intervals at the normal level. The width of such intervals is increasing with the difference between the stress level at which a unit is tested and the normal level. The resulting inference method is predictive, so it explicitly considers the random failure time of a future unit tested at the normal level. We perform simulation studies to investigate the performance of our imprecise predictive method and to get insight into a suitable amount of imprecision for the linking between levels. We also explain how simulation studies can assist in choosing imprecision in order to provide robustness against specific biases or model misspecifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss new transport phenomena in the presence of both a strong magnetic field and a vortex field. Their interplay induces a charge distribution and a current along the magnetic field. We show that the associated transport coefficients can be obtained from a simple analysis of the single-particle distribution functions and also from the Kubo formula calculation. The consistent results from these analyses suggest that the transport coefficients are tied to the chiral anomaly in the ( 1 + 1 ) dimension because of the dimensional reduction in the lowest Landau levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a common complication of sepsis, sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is characterized by diffuse brain dysfunction and neurological damage and closely associated with long-term cognitive dysfunction. The dysregulated host response triggered by neurotoxicity of microglia is an important cause of diffuse brain dysfunction in SAE. Resveratrol glycoside has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, there is no evidence whether resveratrol glycoside could alleviate SAE. LPS administration was used to induce SAE in mice. Step-down test (SDT) and Morris water maze test (MWM) were performed to evaluate the cognitive function of mice with SAE. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to reveal the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) regulation. Microglia cell line BV-2 was used to validate the effect of resveratrol glycoside on LPS-stimulated ERS in vitro. Compared with the control group, LPS-stimulated mice had decreased cognitive function, but this phenomenon was well reversed by resveratrol glycoside administration, in which the SDT assay showed longer retention time, both in short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). Western blot indicated that the expression of ER stress-related protein PERK/CHOP in LPS-stimulated mice were significantly increased, while that in the resveratrol glycoside-treated group were relieved. Furthermore, Immunofluorescence revealed resveratrol glycoside mainly worked on microglia in mediating the ER stress, in which the expression of PERK/CHOP were significantly inhibited in resveratrol glycoside group mice. In vitro , BV2 showed consistent results with the aforementioned. Resveratrol glycoside could alleviate the cognitive dysfunction caused by LPS-induced SAE, mainly by inhibiting the ER stress and maintaining the homeostasis of ER function of microglia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In gastric cancer, DZIP1 was mainly expressed in tumour cells and fibroblasts. • DZIP1 drived gastric cancer progression through EMT and angiogenesis. • DZIP1 was associated with high stromal abundance and T cell dysfunction in TME. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains complex components, of which the most well-known one is the tumor-associated fibroblast (CAF) that participates in the development and progression of tumors. A high abundance of CAFs implies that tumor stroma is also abundant and often predicts a poor prognosis, especially in terms of immunotherapeutic resistance. In this study, DAZ interacting zinc finger protein 1 (DZIP1) was identified to be upregulated in CAFs and malignant epithelial cells based on single-cell sequencing. Furthermore, results from The Cancer Genome Atlas database showed that this gene was highly positively associated with the mesenchymal phenotype in gastric cancer (GC). In addition, molecular experiments verified that DZIP1 directly promoted the proliferation of CAFs and enhanced the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of GC cells to drive angiogenesis. Also, the upregulated DZIP1 in GC cells was found to directly promote invasion and metastasis. Finally, multiplex immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry showed that DZIP1 was correlated with the immunosuppressive microenvironment of GC and resulted in a poor response to immunotherapy. Overall, our findings suggest that DZIP1 is expressed in both tumor parenchyma and mesenchyme and that it is involved in shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment and inducing EMT by participating in tumor–stromal signaling crosstalk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the existing electrochemical capacitive energy storage electrode materials, the (TiNbTaZrHf)C, (VCrNbMoZr) 2 N, (CoCrFeMnNi) 3 O 4 , (FeCoCrMnMg) 3 O 4 and (FeCoCrMnCuZn) 3 O 4 all have excellent capacitive performance, but the energy density is limited due to the narrow potential window. In order to solve the problem of low energy density of electrochemical supercapacitor, a kind of high-entropy carbides (HEMCs) with broad potential window is designed from generalized analysis of electrochemical window of active elements. This high-entropy carbide contains five active elements of Fe, Co, Cr, Mn and Ni. The prepared HEMC-3 has abundant pores and a specific surface area of 417.8 m2 g−1. The large specific surface area makes the HEMCs have high-rate energy storage performance. Electrochemical tests show that the HEMC-3 presents a potential window of [-1.0, 0.6] versus Hg/HgO, and can obtain a specific capacitance of 169.7 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. Due to the designed wide potential window of the prepared HEMCs, the energy density has been greatly improved, which shows a new strategy for developing of electrochemical supercapacitor electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Redox stable K 2 NiF 4 type layered perovskite SrLaFeO 4 − δ (SLFO 4 − δ ) has been prepared and evaluated as anode for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The SLFO 4 − δ shows linear thermal expansion behavior with TEC of 14.3 × 10 − 6 K − 1 . It also demonstrates excellent catalytic activity for various fuels. A scandia stabilized zirconia (ScSZ, 180 μm) electrolyte supported SOFC with the anode achieves maximum power densities (P max ) of 0.93, 0.76, 0.63, and 0.46 Wcm − 2 at 900–750 °C, respectively, in wet H 2 . P max s of cells supported by 250 μm ScSZ reach 0.57, 0.60 and 0.50 Wcm − 2 in H 2 , H 2 + 50 ppm H 2 S and propane, respectively, at 800 °C. Moreover, the cells show stable power output during ~ 100 h operation at 800 °C under 0.7 V in various fuels. The P max at 800 °C in wet H 2 even increases by ~ 11% in the subsequent two thermal cyclings, indicating that SLFO 4 − δ is a promising anode candidate for SOFC with good electro-catalytic activity, high stability and resistance to sulfur and coking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel cobalt-free perovskite oxide La 0.5 Sr 0.5 Fe 0.8 Cu 0.15 Nb 0.05 O 3−δ (LSFCN) has been synthesized and evaluated as oxygen electrode for reversible solid oxide electrochemical cells (RSOCs). The performance and stability of the LSFCN based RSOCs have been characterized in fuel cell and electrolysis modes, and the reversibility of the cells has been proven. In FC mode, the cell exhibits the maximum power density of 1.10 Wcm −2 at 800 °C, and a stable output under 0.7 V at 700 °C during 108 h. The performance and stability of the cell in electrolysis mode are also remarkable. An electrolysis current of 0.85 A cm −2 is achieved at 750 °C with an applied voltage of 1.3 V, and no degradation as well as delamination are observed for the cell after 50 h electrolysis under voltage of 1.60 V (∼1.27 A cm −2 ) at 800 °C. The high performance of the LSFCN at both cathodic and anodic conditions may be attributed to the inherent high electrochemical activity of copper-iron based perovskites; and the incorporation of Nb 5+ cations into perovskite lattice is responsible for the stability of LSFCN, which leads to the more stable crystal structure, lower thermal expansion coefficient and the reduced Sr segregation at surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scalar time series considered in most studies may be not sufficient to reconstruct the dynamics, while using multivariate time series may demonstrate great advantages over scalar time series if they are available. Multivariate time series are available in the traffic system and we intend to examine the issue for the real data in the traffic system. In this paper, we propose the multivariate predicting method and discuss the prediction performance of multivariate time series by comparison with univariate time series and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) nonparametric regression model. The three kinds of forecast accuracy measure for multivariate predicting method are smaller than those for the other two methods in all cases, which suggest the predicting results for traffic time series by multivariate predicting method are better and more accurate than those based on univariate time series and KNN model. It demonstrates that the proposed multivariate predicting method is more successful in predicting the traffic time series than univariate predicting method and KNN method. The multivariate predicting method has a broad application prospect on prediction because of its advantage on recovering the dynamics of nonlinear system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal ALD (T-ALD) and plasma-enhanced ALD (PE-ALD) processes were employed to prepare the Al 2 O 3 thin films on plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surfaces at a low deposition temperature of 80 °C. The water contact angle test shows that the T-ALD Al 2 O 3 films exhibited a hydrophobic surface, while the PE-ALD Al 2 O 3 films were hydrophilic. The difference in the surface hydrophobicity is attributed to the carbon residue in Al 2 O 3 films, as revealed by the X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. The trend of hydrophobicity follows with the evolution of surface roughness of the T-Al 2 O 3 films, indicating that the surface roughness contributed to the hydrophobicity as predicted by the Wenzel's mode. The result indicates that the surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the Al 2 O 3 thin films can be modified and controlled by the deposition conditions of the ALD process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To introduce and assess a surgical treatment of occipitocervical (OC) dislocation with atlas assimilation and Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) using occipitalized C1 lateral mass and C2 fixation and reduction technique. Methods From January 2007 to August 2013, 58 symptomatic patients with OC dislocation and KFS of C2-3 congenital fusion and atlas assimilation were surgically treated in our institution via this technique. After opening the C1-2 facet joints via a posterior approach, OC reduction was conducted by intraoperative manipulation and C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle screw and rod fixation. The instrument position, fusion status, and clinical outcome were analyzed. Results The average follow-up was 36 months (range, 18–52 months). Radiologically, effective reduction was achieved in 56 patients (96.6%) and <50% reduction in 2 (3.4%) who had additional transoral decompression. Neurologic improvement and solid bone fusion were achieved in all patients. The clinical symptoms improved for all patients, with the averaged Japanese Orthopedic Association myelopathy scores increasing from 11.5 to 15.6 ( P < 0.01). Conclusions In patients with OC dislocation and KFS of C2-3 fusion and atlas assimilation, posterior manipulative reduction combined with occipitalized C1 lateral mass and C2 fixation provides a reliable and effective treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce the composite multiscale cross-sample entropy (CMCSE) which may induce undefined entropies and then further propose the refined composite multiscale cross-sample entropy (RCMCSE) which modifies CMCSE. First, we apply multiscale cross-sample entropy (MCSE), CMCSE and RCMCSE methods to three types of artificial time series in order to test the validity and accuracy of these methods. Results show that RCMCSE reduces not only standard deviation, but also the probability of inducing undefined entropy effectively, which can provide better robustness and more accurate entropies. Then, these three methods are employed to investigate financial time series including US and Chinese stock indices. For the study between stock indices in the same region, some conclusions which are consistent with previous study are drawn by the RCMCSE results. Meanwhile, it can be found that undefined entropies are induced and the numbers of inducing undefined entropy by three methods for investigation between three US stock indices and two Chinese mainland stock indices are given. Compared with MCSE and CMCSE, RCMCSE method is capable of reducing the number of undefined entropy and providing more accurate entropies. Moreover, the differences on inducing undefined entropy between results for US stock indices & two Chinese mainland stock indices and results for US stock indices & HSI demonstrate a much closer relation between US stock markets and HSI than between US stock markets and two Chinese mainland stock markets. Hence, it can be concluded that RCMCSE is more applicable for the study between US and Chinese stock markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellosis is a bacterial infectious zoonosis which is spread worldwide, caused by Brucella, with infertility and abortion in domestic animals. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTPs) have been discovered in many kinds of bacterial species, which play crucial roles in many aspects, such as bacterial physiology and virulence. However, no PTPs have been identified in Brucella to date. Here, we identified a novel gene BM28_RS15985 in Brucella melitensis that encodes a homolog of a low weight molecular PTP. Enzyme activity analysis showed that this PTP is a dual specific phosphatase, removing phosphate group from phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine/phosphothreonine peptides, which was designated as Dsp1. The optimal pH of the Dsp1 enzyme activity were 5.5, suggesting that the Dsp1 is an acidic phosphatase, and the optimal reaction temperature of the Dsp1 was 35.0 °C. Besides, the Michaelis constant and maximum reaction velocity of the Dsp1 were 40.17 mM and 24.33 nM/min/mg, respectively. In further study, we investigated the role of Dsp1 in B. melitensis phenotype and virulence. Growth curve and resistance test exhibited that the dsp1 had no role in Brucella growth and resisting bactericidal factors. Cell and animal infection experiment showed that the dsp1 deletion did not affect the intracellular survival and virulence of B. melitensis. In summary, we identified a novel acidic dual specific phosphatase in B. melitensis and evaluated its characteristics of the enzyme activity, this study will expand the understanding of Brucella phosphatase. • An acidic protein phosphatase Dsp1 in B. melitensis was identified. • Dsp1 displayed a dual specific phosphatase activity. • Dsp1 is not essential for Brucella resistance and virulence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matter with chiral fermions is microscopically described by theory with quantum anomaly and macroscopically described (at low energy) by anomalous hydrodynamics. For such systems in the presence of external magnetic field and chirality imbalance, a charge current is generated along the magnetic field direction — a phenomenon known as the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME). The quark–gluon plasma created in relativistic heavy ion collisions provides an (approximate) example, for which the CME predicts a charge separation perpendicular to the collisional reaction plane. Charge correlation measurements designed for the search of such signal have been done at RHIC and the LHC for which the interpretations, however, remain unclear due to contamination by background effects that are collective flow driven, theoretically poorly constrained, and experimentally hard to separate. Using anomalous (and viscous) hydrodynamic simulations, we make a first attempt at quantifying contributions to observed charge correlations from both CME and background effects in one and same framework. The implications for the search of CME are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel heteronuclear coordination polymers, namely, [CuSr 2 (BTC) 2 ]·10H 2 O ( 1 ) and [Cu 2 Sr(H 4 TMA) 2 ]·4H 2 O ( 2 ) (H 3 BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, H 4 TMA = 2-hydroxytrimesic acid) were hydrothermally synthesized as pH-dependent products and characterized by elemental analysis (EA), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and single crystal X-ray diffraction. For compound 1 , it displays a 3D structure with (2,5,6)-connected net topology. For 2 , the H 3 BTC ligand is oxidized into H 4 TMA and compound 2 features a 2D layer structure, which is further linked by Cu⋯Cu and Cu⋯O supramolecular interactions into a 3D structure. The results show that the pH plays a crucial role in determining the structure of the compounds. In addition, thermalgravimetric analysis of compounds 1–2 and luminescence property of 1 are also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce weighted permutation entropy (WPE) and three different symbolic approaches to investigate the complexities of stock time series containing amplitude-coded information and explore the influence of using different symbolic approaches on obtained WPE results. We employ WPE based on symbolic approaches to the US and Chinese stock markets and make a comparison between the results of US and Chinese stock markets. Three symbolic approaches are able to help the complexity containing in the stock time series by WPE method drop whatever the embedding dimension is. The similarity between these stock markets can be detected by the WPE based on Binary Δ -coding-method, while the difference between them can be revealed by the WPE based on σ -method, Max–min-method. The combinations of the symbolic approaches: σ -method and Max–min-method, and WPE method are capable of reflecting the multiscale structure of complexity by different time delay and analyze the differences between complexities of stock time series in more detail and more accurately. Furthermore, the correlations between stock markets in the same region and the similarities hidden in the S&P500 and DJI, ShangZheng and ShenCheng are uncovered by the comparison of the WPE based on Binary Δ -coding-method of six stock markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt-free perovskite oxide La 0.5 Sr 0.5 Fe 0.8 Cu 0.2 O 3 − δ (LSFC) was applied as both anode and cathode for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells (SSOFCs). The LSFC shows a reversible transition between a cubic perovskite phase in air and a mixture of SrFeLaO 4 , a K 2 NiF 4 -type layered perovskite oxide, metallic Cu and LaFeO 3 in reducing atmosphere at elevated temperature. The average thermal expansion coefficient of LSFC in air is 17.7 × 10 − 6 K − 1 at 25 °C to 900 °C. By adopting LSFC as initial electrodes to fabricate electrolyte supported SSOFCs, the cells generate maximum power output of 1054, 795 and 577 mW cm − 2 with humidified H 2 fuel (~ 3% H 2 O) and 895, 721 and 482 mW cm − 2 with humidified syngas fuel (H 2 :CO = 1:1) at 900, 850 and 800 °C, respectively. Moreover, the cell with humidified H 2 fuel demonstrates a reasonable stability at 800 °C under 0.7 V for 100 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce an entropic segmentation algorithm and apply it to decompose the financial sequences into compositionally homogeneous domains. To probe more about the nature of the financial time series, we investigate the statistical properties of the segment from the view of segmentation position and segment length first. We reveal some important and interesting conclusions and information hidden in these time series of stock markets. Then, we focus on the study of the intrinsic properties for each segment in the time series from two aspects: time irreversibility and correlation. The fluctuations on the time irreversibility and the scaling exponent all support that the segments present compositional heterogeneity and verify the segmentation. Meanwhile, we conclude that time irreversibility is inherent in the stock time series and verifies that stock markets are nonequilibrium systems essentially even though segmentation. Moreover, the scaling exponents for each segment point out that the traditional detrended fluctuation analysis is not applicable to measure the correlation for the whole original time series of stock market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For researching multiscale behaviors from the angle of entropy, we propose a modified cross sample entropy (MCSE) and combine surrogate data analysis with it in order to compute entropy differences between original dynamics and surrogate series (MCSDiff). MCSDiff is applied to simulated signals to show accuracy and then employed to US and Chinese stock markets. We illustrate the presence of multiscale behavior in the MCSDiff results and reveal that there are synchrony containing in the original financial time series and they have some intrinsic relations, which are destroyed by surrogate data analysis. Furthermore, the multifractal behaviors of cross-correlations between these financial time series are investigated by multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-DCCA) method, since multifractal analysis is a multiscale analysis. We explore the multifractal properties of cross-correlation between these US and Chinese markets and show the distinctiveness of NQCI and HSI among the markets in their own region. It can be concluded that the weaker cross-correlation between US markets gives the evidence for the better inner mechanism in the US stock markets than that of Chinese stock markets. To study the multiscale features and properties of financial time series can provide valuable information for understanding the inner mechanism of financial markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt-free composites Nd 0.5 Sr 0.5 Fe 0.8 Cu 0.2 O 3− δ (NSFCu)– x Sm 0.2 Ce 0.8 O 1.9 (SDC) ( x = 0–60 wt%) are investigated as IT-SOFC cathodes. The characteristic properties of cobalt-free composite cathodes comparing to cobalt-based composites are revealed. The DC conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of the composite cathodes decrease with the content of SDC x , while the polarization resistance R p shows the least value with addition of 40 wt% of SDC. The power density of the single cell with NSFCu-40% SDC composite cathode improved significantly compared with that of undoped NSFCu cathode, with peak values of 488, 623, 849 and 1052 mW cm −2 at 600, 650, 700, and 750 °C, respectively. Moreover, the performance of the composite cathode is stable within testing period of 370 h at 700 °C, indicating that the NSFCu-40% SDC is an excellent cobalt-free composite cathode applied in IT-SOFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A new heterometallic complex with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxyl acid has been synthesized. [•] The structure of the complex is determined by X-ray study. [•] The complex shows a 3D structure with (3,4,5)-connected net topology. [•] The coordination polymer is characterized by FT-IR, luminescence and TGA techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A valid method is used to extend the omnidirectional electronic gap (OEG) of Gaussian gapped graphene superlattices (GSLs) heterostructure. The heterostructure consists of two superlattices with different width ratios of potentials. Each superlattice comprises a periodic repetition of a unit cell consisting of 21 layers with the potential voltages varying according to a Gaussian function and another layer with a fixed potential voltage. The potential width ratios of constituent Gaussian gapped GSL are established utilizing the lower and upper energy edges of omnidirectional electronic gap depending on the width ratio of potentials. Moreover, it is shown that the width of OEG of the heterostructure is sensitive to lattice constant, which can be applicable to the development of graphene-based electronics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Muscle atrophy poses a serious concern to patients inflicted with inflammatory diseases. There is now increasing evidence which suggests a vital role for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in muscle pathology associated with impairment of differentiation and muscle wasting. Resveratrol has been an ascribed inhibitory effect on glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy in vitro, but the influence of resveratrol on the growth of C2C12 myotubes exposed to TNF-α remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of TNF-α in the regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy, and the possibility to interfere with such modulations by means of resveratrol supplementation. For this purpose, C2C12 myotubes were treated with TNF-α in the presence or absence of resveratrol. Myotube treatment with TNF-α contributes to both hyperexpression of the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase MAFbx and MuRF1, and these alterations are linked to a decrease of anabolic targets (Akt, mTOR, p70S6k and 4E-BP1) and an increase of catabolic targets (FoxO1, FoxO3a, MAFbx and MuRF1). Resveratrol supplementation effectively counteracts TNF-α induced muscle protein loss and reverses declining expression of Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, 4E-BP1and FoxO1, but exerts no influence of FoxO3a expression. Our study demonstrates that resveratrol can reverse the muscle cell atrophy caused by TNF-α through regulation of the Akt/mTOR/FoxO1 signaling pathways, followed by inhibition of the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase. Our findings suggested that resveratrol could represent a possible strategy to improve muscle mass. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We use multiscale detrended fluctuation analysis (MSDFA) and multiscale detrended cross-correlation analysis (MSDCCA) to investigate auto-correlation (AC) and cross-correlation (CC) in the US and Chinese stock markets during 1997–2012. The results show that US and Chinese stock indices differ in terms of their multiscale AC structures. Stock indices in the same region also differ with regard to their multiscale AC structures. We analyze AC and CC behaviors among indices for the same region to determine similarity among six stock indices and divide them into four groups accordingly. We choose S&P500, NQCI, HSI, and the Shanghai Composite Index as representative samples for simplicity. MSDFA and MSDCCA results and average MSDFA spectra for local scaling exponents (LSEs) for individual series are presented. We find that the MSDCCA spectrum for LSE CC between two time series generally tends to be greater than the average MSDFA LSE spectrum for individual series. We obtain detailed multiscale structures and relations for CC between the four representatives. MSDFA and MSDCCA with secant rolling windows of different sizes are then applied to reanalyze the AC and CC. Vertical and horizontal comparisons of different window sizes are made. The MSDFA and MSDCCA results for the original window size are confirmed and some new interesting characteristics and conclusions regarding multiscale correlation structures are obtained. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background Context: Treatment of chronic and irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) with ventral compression is challenging for surgeons. The main procedures are occipitocervical/C1-C2 fusion after transoral odontoidectomy or release of the periodontoid tissues. These surgical procedures, which are performed simultaneously or intermittently, have many disadvantages that may discount their effectiveness. Therefore, a more effective way to achieve surgical reduction and to keep solid stability with only a single procedure is needed. Purpose: We describe a technique to reduce chronic and irreducible AAD with C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle screw and rod system. Study Design: This was a retrospective case series. Patient Sample: Our sample comprised 26 patients (9 men and 17 women) with irreducible AAD who ranged in age from 15 to 54 years (mean, 35 years). Outcome Measures: Patients' neurologic status was evaluated with the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scale. Methods: Twenty-six symptomatic patients underwent posterior realignment and reduction through the C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle screw and rod system. The proposed mechanism of reduction is that the implanted screws and rods between C1 and C2 acting as a lever system drew C1 backward and pushed C2 downward and forward after removing circumambient obstruction and scars and thoroughly releasing the facet joints. The preoperative and postoperative JOA score, the extent of reduction, and the conditions of C1-C2 bony fusion were examined. Results: No neurovascular injury occurred during surgery. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 40 months (mean 20.7 months). Radiographic evaluation showed that solid bony fusion was achieved in all patients, and that complete reduction was attained in 18 patients and partial reduction (>60% reduction) in 8 patients. The mean postoperative JOA score at last follow-up was 15.7, compared with the preoperative score of 12.1 (p<.01). Conclusions: This C1-C2 screw and rod system provides reliable stability and sufficient reduction of the anatomic malalignment at the craniovertebral junction and meanwhile retains the mobility of atlanto-occipital joints in the treatment of chronic and irreducible AAD. Sophisticated skills, thorough release of the facet joints, and intraoperative protection of the vertebral artery are key points to accomplish this technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background context: Treatment of chronic and irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) with ventral compression is challenging for surgeons. The main procedures are occipitocervical/C1–C2 fusion after transoral odontoidectomy or release of the periodontoid tissues. These surgical procedures, which are performed simultaneously or intermittently, have many disadvantages that may discount their effectiveness. Therefore, a more effective way to achieve surgical reduction and to keep solid stability with only a single procedure is needed. Purpose: We describe a technique to reduce chronic and irreducible AAD with C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle screw and rod system. Study design: This was a retrospective case series. Patient sample: Our sample comprised 26 patients (9 men and 17 women) with irreducible AAD who ranged in age from 15 to 54 years (mean, 35 years). Outcome measures: Patients' neurologic status was evaluated with the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scale. Methods: Twenty-six symptomatic patients underwent posterior realignment and reduction through the C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle screw and rod system. The proposed mechanism of reduction is that the implanted screws and rods between C1 and C2 acting as a lever system drew C1 backward and pushed C2 downward and forward after removing circumambient obstruction and scars and thoroughly releasing the facet joints. The preoperative and postoperative JOA score, the extent of reduction, and the conditions of C1–C2 bony fusion were examined. Results: No neurovascular injury occurred during surgery. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 40 months (mean 20.7 months). Radiographic evaluation showed that solid bony fusion was achieved in all patients, and that complete reduction was attained in 18 patients and partial reduction (>60% reduction) in 8 patients. The mean postoperative JOA score at last follow-up was 15.7, compared with the preoperative score of 12.1 (p<.01). Conclusions: This C1–C2 screw and rod system provides reliable stability and sufficient reduction of the anatomic malalignment at the craniovertebral junction and meanwhile retains the mobility of atlanto-occipital joints in the treatment of chronic and irreducible AAD. Sophisticated skills, thorough release of the facet joints, and intraoperative protection of the vertebral artery are key points to accomplish this technique. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]