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Social anxiety is a common symptom that occurs after exposure to childhood trauma (CT), and pain tolerance is a protective factor against social anxiety in generic populations with CT. However, few studies have investigated whether and how this association varies across different CT subgroups. Thus, this study aimed to investigate (1) the effects of pain tolerance on social anxiety symptoms among youth with different subgroups of CT; (2) the nonlinear relationship between pain tolerance and social anxiety symptoms among different CT categories. In this study, 15,682 college or university students with experiences of CT were identified in a large sample and divided into five CT subgroups. Linear and quadratic regression models were conducted to explore the association between pain tolerance and social anxiety symptoms among youth with different CT subgroups. The results of model revealed a linear relationship between pain tolerance and social anxiety symptoms among youth with most CT subgroups. Notably, an inverted U-shaped curve was found between pain tolerance and social anxiety symptoms in youth with emotional abuse. Social anxiety symptoms increased gradually with pain tolerance scores between 0 and 16, and then sharply decreased when scores reached above 16. Limited by self-report measurements, the results of this study focused only on perceived pain tolerance and ignored behavioral pain tolerance. These findings highlight the importance of assessing pain tolerance thresholds in youth with emotional abuse and improving pain tolerance to prevent social anxiety symptoms in youth with different subgroups of CT. • There was a linear relationship between pain tolerance and social anxiety symptoms in youth with most childhood trauma types. • An inverted U-shaped curve was found between pain tolerance and social anxiety symptomsin youth with emotional abuse (EA). • For youth with EA, social anxiety increased increased with pain tolerance scores from 0 to 16, but decreased sharply after 16. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Singing melody extraction from polyphonic musical audio is one of the most challenging tasks in music information retrieval (MIR). Recently, data-driven methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved great success for this task. In the literature, harmonic relationship has been proven crucial for this task. However, few existing CNN-based singing melody extraction methods consider the harmonic relationship in the training stage. The state-of-the-art CNN based methods are not capable of capturing such long-dependency harmonic relationship due to limited receptive field and unacceptable computation cost. In this paper, we introduce a neural harmonic-aware network with gated attentive fusion (NHAN-GAF) for singing melody extraction. Specifically, in the 2-D spectrograms modeling branch, we propose to employ multiple parallel 1-D CNN kernels to capture the harmonic relations between 1–2 octaves along the frequency axis in the spectrogram. Considering the advantage of jointly using Time–Frequency (T-F) domain and time domain information, we use two-branch neural nets to learn discriminative representation for this task. A novel gated attentive fusion (GAF) network is suggested to encode potential correlations between the two branches and fuse the descriptors learned from raw waveform and T-F spectrograms. Moreover, the idea of GAF can be exploited to the multimedia applications with multimodal analysis. With the two proposed components, our proposed model is capable of learning the harmonic relationship in the spectrogram and better capturing the contextual but discriminative features for singing melody extraction. We use part of the vocal tracks of the RWC dataset and MIR-1 K dataset to train the model and evaluate the performance of the proposed model on the ADC 2004, MIREX 05 and MedleyDB datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geostationary Himawari-8 satellite offers a unique opportunity to monitor sub-daily thermal dynamics over Asia and Oceania, and several operational land surface temperature (LST) retrieval algorithms have been developed for this purpose. However, studies have reported inconsistency between LST data obtained from geostationary and polar-orbiting platforms, particularly for daytime LST, which can arise from variations in viewing geometries and inherent differences in sensor types and LST algorithms. Despite this, previous research has primarily focused on analysing the directionality of LST without thoroughly exploring systematic differences between platforms. Hence, we presented a Solar Zenith Angle-based Calibration (SZAC) method to harmonise the daytime component of a split-window retrieved Himawari-8 LST (referred to here as the baseline) with the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST. SZAC describes the spatial heterogeneity and magnitude of diurnal LST discrepancies from different platforms, which is anticipated to complement typical directionality analyses. We evaluated the harmonised LST data, referred to as the Australian National University LST with SZAC (ANU SZAC), against MODIS LST and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) LST, as well as in-situ LST from the OzFlux network. Two peer Himawari-8 LST products from Chiba University and the Copernicus Global Land Service were also collected for comparison. The median daytime bias of ANU SZAC LST against Terra-MODIS LST, Aqua-MODIS LST and VIIRS LST was 1.52 K, 0.98 K and −0.63 K, respectively, which demonstrated improved performance compared to baseline (5.37 K, 4.85 K and 3.02 K, respectively) and Chiba LST (3.71 K, 2.90 K and 1.07 K, respectively). All four Himawari-8 LST products showed comparable performance of unbiased root mean squared error (ubRMSE), ranging from 2.47 to 3.07 K, compared to LST from polar-orbiting platforms. In the evaluation against in-situ LST, the mean values of bias (ubRMSE) of baseline, Chiba, Copernicus and ANU SZAC LST during daytime were 4.23 K (3.74 K), 2.16 K (3.62 K), 1.73 K (3.31 K) and 1.41 K (3.24 K), respectively, based on 171,289 hourly samples from 20 OzFlux sites across Australia between 01/Jan/2016 and 31/Dec/2020. In summary, the SZAC method offers a promising approach to enhance the reliability of geostationary LST retrievals by incorporating the spatiotemporal characteristics observed by accurate polar-orbiting LST data. SZAC can also reduce LST angular effects due to its capability of quantifying spatial inhomogeneity of surface heat dynamics. Furthermore, it is possible to implement SZAC using LST data acquired by geostationary satellites in other regions, e.g., Europe, Africa and Americas. This could improve our understanding of the error characteristics of coincident imageries from geostationary and polar-orbiting platforms, allowing for targeted refinements and global harmonisations to further enhance applicability. [Display omitted] • We introduce the SZAC method to harmonise daytime Himawari-8 LST with MODIS LST. • The SZAC coefficient was optimised against MODIS best-quality LST over Australia. • Four Himawari-8 LST products using different algorithms were compared. • Harmonised LST showed improved diurnal agreement with both in-situ and polar-orbiting LST. • SZAC can quantify inhomogeneity of surface heat dynamics and reduce LST angular effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau, a traditional herb renowned for its anti-tumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, has garnered considerable attention. Although its hepatoprotective effects have been described, there is still limited knowledge of its treatment of acute liver injury (ALI), and its mechanisms remain unclear. To assess the efficacy of Clinacanthus nutans in ALI and to identify the most effective fractions and their underlying mechanism of action. Bioinformatics was employed to explore the underlying anti-hepatic injury mechanisms and active compounds of Clinacanthus nutans. The binding ability of schaftoside, a potential active ingredient in Clinacanthus nutans , to the core target nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was further determined by molecular docking. The role of schaftoside in improving histological abnormalities in the liver was observed by H&E and Masson's staining in an ALI model induced by CCl 4. Serum and liver biochemical parameters were measured using AST, ALT and hydroxyproline kits. An Fe2+ kit, transmission electron microscopy, western blotting, RT-qPCR, and DCFH-DA were used to measure whether schaftoside reduces ferroptosis-induced ALI. Subsequently, specific siRNA knockdown of Nrf2 in AML12 cells was performed to further elucidate the mechanism by which schaftoside attenuates ferroptosis-induced ALI. Bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking showed that schaftoside is the principal compound from Clinacanthus nutans. Schaftoside was shown to diminish oxidative stress levels, attenuate liver fibrosis, and forestall ferroptosis. Deeper investigations revealed that schaftoside amplified Nrf2 expression and triggered the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway, thereby reversing mitochondrial aberrations triggered by lipid peroxidation, GPX4 depletion, and ferroptosis. The lead compound schaftoside counters ferroptosis through the Nrf2/GPX4 axis, providing insights into a novel molecular mechanism for treating ALI, thereby presenting an innovative therapeutic strategy for ferroptosis-induced ALI. [Display omitted] • Network pharmacology studies have demonstrated the hepatoprotective effects of schaftoside in Clinacanthus nutans. • Ferroptosis is responsible for CCl 4 -induced acute liver injury. • Schaftoside alleviates CCl 4 -induced ferroptosis in acute liver injury. • Schaftoside inhibits ferroptosis via the Nrf2-GPX4 pathway to protect against acute liver injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Multilayer structure design strategy is proposed to produce electricity/light-heat-hygro multi-responsive luminescent systems. • Residual-free and reversible electricity, light and water stimuli enable rewritable information display. • Programable information display is demonstrated by sequential modulation of different environmental stimuli. Rewritable luminescent materials are attracting widespread attention for information storage and display as they can help to reduce environmental wastes caused by the abuse of single-use and transient systems. Nevertheless, since most reported systems are chemical-stimuli-responsive and single-stimuli-responsive, it remains challenging to achieve the rewritable and programmable display of multiple information in one single system, which is essential to enhance information richness and display intelligence. In this work, an ideal kind of multi-responsive soft luminescent display systems are reported, which consist of heat/humidity-responsive fluorescence-phosphorescence dual-emission film and stacked graphene assembly (SGA) film by using thin poly (dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) as middle connecting layer. In such multilayer structure, the heat generated by electricity connection or light illumination of bottom SGA film can be instantly transferred across the middle PDMS layer to cause heat-triggered red-to-blue emission color change, or to evaporate water for blue-to-red emission color recovery. Owing to the "residual-free" nature of these electricity, light and water stimuli, multi-responsive rewritability is guaranteed to enable the reversible writing and complete erasure of various letter/pattern information. On this basis, robust electricity/light-heat-hygro multi-responsive soft luminescent display systems are demonstrated, in which diverse letter/pattern information could be facilely programmed to be successively displayed and then completely reset to enable another data writing/erasing cycle by sequential modulation of different environmental stimuli. This study brings programmable merit for rewritable luminescent display systems and is expected to inspire more intelligent ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haemorrhoids are a common chronic anorectal disease, and haemorrhoidectomy is the standard treatment for advanced (grade III and IV) haemorrhoids. Warm water sitz has commonly been used to stimulate urination, cleanse wounds, and decrease pain. Although urinary retention and pain usually occur within the first 24 h after surgery, the warm water sitz bath is provided 24 h after haemorrhoidectomy, which might be a missed opportunity to optimize the quality and efficiency of the care provided. To investigate the effect of early warm water sitz bath on the day of haemorrhoidectomy surgery on preventing urinary retention and reducing wound pain. This was a longitudinal double-blind study with a permuted block randomization design. This study was conducted in a surgical ward of a medical center. An average of 18 patients receiving hemorrhoid surgery in that ward every month. A total of 64 participants (32 each in the experimental and control groups) were enrolled. (The first recruitment date is January 16, 2020.) Patients who received haemorrhoidectomy for grade III or IV haemorrhoids from January to December 2020 were enrolled. The experimental and control groups received the same conventional treatment and care before the haemorrhoidectomy. The experimental group started warm-water sitz bath 6 h after the surgery, and the control group started warm water sitz bath on post-haemorrhoidectomy day 1 as usual. Urinary retention was defined as use of Foley catheter during the hospital stay or remaining urine volume ≧ 300 ml using the bladder scan. A numerical rating scale was used to rate the pain level. Each participant was evaluated 6 times in total until hospital discharge. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and independent samples t test. Generalized estimating equations and intention to treat were used to identify changes in urinary retention and pain over time and missing data, respectively. There was no significant difference in the degree of change in the number of people with urinary retention between groups. A change in the wound pain index was noted; the study group had a statistically significant lower pain score than the control group (B = − 0.81, 95 % CI: − 1.44 to − 0.18). Early warm water sitz bath was a safe and effective strategy to decrease post-haemorrhoidectomy pain, but not urinary retention. Nurses could provide early warm water sitz bath for post-haemorrhoidectomy patients' comfort. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04535765 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NOSAS (Nonoverlapping Spectral Additive Schwarz) methods are nonoverlapping iterative domain decomposition methods for efficiently solving large sparse linear systems arising from elliptic problems with heterogeneous coefficients. NOSAS methods are of additive Schwarz types with local Dirichlet solver on each nonoverlapping subdomain Ω i , plus a coarse problem on the interface of the subdomains. The coarse problem has global and local interaction components which are associated respectively to low-frequency and high-frequency modes obtained locally from a generalized eigenvalue problem defined on each subdomain's interface. In this paper, we propose several variants of the NOSAS methods by selecting different generalized eigenvalue problems and different coarse space extensions. Additionally, we propose an economic variant to reduce the complexity of these generalized eigenvalue problems. The analysis of all the variants is established, and numerical tests are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral ulceration is the most common oral mucosal disease. Oral mucosal ulcers are extremely painful, may interfere with eating and speaking, and potentially complicate systemic symptoms in severe cases. The humid and highly dynamic environment of the oral cavity makes local drug administration for treating oral mucosal ulcers challenging. To overcome these challenges, we designed and prepared a novel dissolving microneedle (MN) patch containing multiple drugs in a core-shell to promote oral ulcer healing. The MNs contained a methacrylate gelatin shell layer of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a hyaluronic acid (HA) core loaded with dexamethasone (DXMS), and zeolite imidazoline framework-8 (ZIF-8) encapsulated in the HA-based backplane. Progressive degradation of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) from the tip of the MN patch in the oral mucosa resulted in sustained bFGF release at the lesion site, significantly promoting cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Moreover, the rapid release of HA and, subsequently, DXMS inhibited inflammation, and the remaining MN backing after the tip dissolved behaved as a dressing, releasing ZIF-8 for its antimicrobial effects. This novel, multifunctional, transmucosal core-shell MN patch exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and pro-healing effects in vivo and in vitro , suggesting that it can promote oral ulcer healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work the electronic and optical properties of luminescent materials XSiN 2 (X = Ca, Sr, Ba) were revisited based on density function theory (DFT) calculations with a newly developed DFT-1/2 scheme. It was found that the DFT-1/2 correction on nitrogen can well correct the band gaps to approach the experimental values, showing its advantage comparing to the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) and the Strongly Constrained and Appropriately Normed (SCAN) functionals. Then the electronic band structures and optical properties of the three compounds were investigated using the DFT-1/2 scheme. Within the three compounds, the band gap shows a monotonic decrease along with the atomic number of alkali earth metal mainly due to the downshift of the conduction band edge, where the electronic conductivity is primarily based on electron since it shows a much smaller effective mass than hole. CaSiN 2 owns more flat valence bands, while SrSiN 2 gives lighter electron. Moreover, the three compounds show high optical absorption, but distinct behavior of light absorption and refractivity in specific energy range, suggesting their applications in optical applications. • A more accurate method was chosen to address the band gap of XSiN 2 (X=Ca,Sr,Ba). • The physical properties were computationally investigated using this approach. • The compounds are predicted to be good candidates for luminescent application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Homogeneous mixed Mn 2-x Fe x O 3 were derived from bimetallic Metal-Organic Frameworks. • Mn 1.82 Fe 0.18 O 3 shows superb toluene conversion up to 90 % at 226 °C in 60000 h−1. • Fe doping makes the Mn 2 O 3 surface less acidic and weakens toluene adsorption. • Fe doping could elongate M = O bond and enhance nucleophilicity of active oxygen. • Mn 1.82 Fe 0.18 O 3 has excellent water resistance and recycling performance. Homogeneous mixed iron-manganese oxide nanoparticles prepared from bimetallic MOFs were examined for their catalytic performance to examine toluene degradation. Introducing Fe into Mn 2 O 3 to obtain Mn 2-x Fe x O showed significantly improved catalytic combustion of toluene compared to single manganese or iron oxide. Among these catalysts, Mn 1.82 Fe 0.18 O 3 exhibited optimal catalytic performance showing the lowest T 10 , T 50 and T 90 in weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 60000 mL·(g·h)-1. In high-water content atmosphere, catalytic activity was excellent even after four cycles and such a good catalytic performance of Mn 1.82 Fe 0.18 O 3 might be due to the high surface area (103 m2·g−1) and uniform doping of Fe caused by MOFs roasting. Fe doping enhanced the weak acid sites onto Mn 2 O 3 surface, thus promoting the activation of toluene. The doped Fe elongated M = O bond to enhance the nucleophilicity of the active sites, which increased the intrinsic activity of Mn 2 O 3 catalyst. This study could serve as a reference for active sites modification of metal oxide catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins play important roles in plant growth and development. However, little is known about their functions in the leaf morphogenesis of Jingxiu grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Here, we explored the function of VvPPR1 , which encodes a DYW-type PPR protein in grape. We showed that VvPPR1 is involved in the regulation of leaf rolling, anthocyanin accumulation, and trichome formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Analysis of structural characteristics showed that VvPPR1 is a DYW-type PPR gene in the PLS subfamily consisting of 15 PPR motifs. The N-terminal had a targeted chloroplast site, and the C-terminal had a DYW domain. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of VvPPR1 was highest in grape leaves. Subcellular localization revealed that VvPPR1 is localized in the cytoplasm and chloroplast. VvPPR1 -overexpressing plants had rolled leaves, high degrees of anthocyanin accumulation, and longer trichomes. The expression levels of genes related to these phenotypes were either significantly up-regulated or down-regulated. These results demonstrate that VvPPR1 is involved in leaf rolling, anthocyanin accumulation, and trichome formation in Arabidopsis; more generally, our findings indicate that VvPPR1 could be a target for improving the cultivation of horticultural crops. • VvPPR1 belongs to DYW class in the PLS subfamily of the PPR gene family. • VvPPR1 is mainly expressed in leaves, especially young leaves. • VvPPR1 localized in the cytoplasm and chloroplast. • Overexpressing VvPPR1 lead to the results that leaf rolling, anthocyanin accumulation and trichome longer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Pioneering empirical studies show that people bereaved due to COVID-19 experience elevated acute grief, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depressive symptom levels, which relate to functional impairment. However, studies focused on Western samples and multivariate analyses of relations between potential risk factors and mental health in this population are lacking.Objectives: To assess the mental health of Chinese adults bereaved due to COVID-19. To elucidate the associations of demographic and loss-related characteristics with mental health after COVID-19 bereavement.Methods: Four hundred twenty-two Chinese adults (56% male; Mean age: 32.73 years) recently bereaved due to COVID-19 completed an online survey. Demographic and loss-related characteristics and prolonged grief, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were assessed.Results: Clinically relevant prolonged grief (49%, n = 207), posttraumatic stress (22%, n = 92), depressive (70%; n = 294), and anxiety symptoms (65%; n = 272) were reported by a substantial group of participants. In four multiple regressions predicting each mental health indicator, Fs(15,406) = 5.08-7.74, Ps < 0.001, loss-characteristics (i.e., a shorter time since loss, βs =  -.12-.11, loss of a first-degree relative, βs =  .18-.37) and subjective loss experiences (i.e., feeling traumatized by the loss, βs =  .13-.18, or a close and/or conflictual relation with the deceased, βs =  .12-.23) related most consistently to mental health problems.Conclusion: Many Chinese adults bereaved due to COVID-19 experience severe mental health problems. The recent loss of first-degree relatives, feeling traumatized by the loss, and having a close and/or conflictual relationship with the deceased may elevate risk for these mental health problems, which could require indicated psychological treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two steps of CH 4 hydrate formation in the presence of CP were observed. • Gas uptake as high as 131.80 mmol/molH 2 O was obtained in this work. • The stability of methane hydrates was characterized in this work. • A new strategy for methane hydrate storage and transportation was proposed. The work systematically investigates the kinetic of methane(CH 4) hydrate formation in the presence of cyclopentane（CP）by measuring induction time, hydrate formation rate, and gas uptake. The results showed that there are two steps for CH 4 hydrate formation in the presence of CP: Step 1, pure CP hydrate formation. Step 2, gas enters the empty cages of pure CP hydrates to form CP/CH 4 mixed hydrates. Besides, the rapid hydrate formation rate and high CH 4 uptake are observed from hydrate formation in this work. At the optimum conditions of 288.15 K and CP mole fractions of 5.6 mol%, the gas uptake and the time required for completion of hydrate formation are 131.80 mmol/mol H 2 O and 138 min, respectively. Relative to the highest reported gas uptake obtained in the presence of thermodynamic promoter (72.0 mmol/mol H 2 O), the value increased by 83%. More strikingly, the work shows that high gas uptake hydrates formed at relatively low temperatures can be stored and transported at relatively high temperatures, as high as 298.15 K, without significantly reducing the gas uptake, thereby providing one of the cost-effective methods for hydrate storage and transportation, that is forming hydrates at relatively low temperatures and storing and transporting hydrates at relatively high temperatures. Further, we proposed a schematic of the process chain of SNG(storing natural gas via solid hydrate) technology in vehicular and detailed discuss the current status of SNG technology development. It can be concluded that using the strategy that storage and transportation hydrates at a low-pressure condition instead of at ambient pressure (1.0 atm) may be a more realistic choice to industrialize SNG technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monochromophore-based polymeric fluorescence-phosphorescence dual-emission materials with multi-responsiveness have been reported by assembling one special organic molecule into hydrogen-bonded polyacrylic acid (PAA) matrix. Owing to the dynamic nature of H-bonded crosslinks in PAA, the as-prepared polymeric film displays responsive and reversible phosphorescence-to-fluorescence conversion and thus emission color changes, laying solid foundation for rewritable information display uses. [Display omitted] • Robust monochromophore-based dynamic polymer systems are designed to realize fluorescence-phosphorescence dual-emission. • Rich carboxyl H-bonded crosslinks account for the intense phosphorescence. • Dynamic polymer network enables multi-stimuli responsive luminescence color changes. Organic fluorescence-phosphorescence dual-emission materials are attracting broad attention for their wide potential applications in information technology, display media, etc. Most reported organic systems rely on the combination of two or more luminogens that emit different-colored phosphorescence and fluorescence respectively. By contrast, the fluorescence-phosphorescence dual-emission from one single luminogen system are especially appealing, as they can offer many advantages such as improved luminescence stability, simplified fabrication process and excellent reproducibility. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to achieve stimuli-responsive fluorescence-phosphorescence dual-emission in monochromophore-based organic material. Herein, we specially designed one new bromine-substituted naphthalimide molecule and incorporated it into a dynamic carboxyl hydrogen-bonded polyacrylic acid (PAA) network to produce the robust multi-stimuli-responsive fluorescence-phosphorescence dual-emission materials. Detailed studies demonstrated that high-density carboxyl hydrogen-bonded crosslinks play important roles in the achievement of intense phosphorescence by providing a rigid environment and efficient oxygen barrier to stabilize the triplet-excited states. On this basis, responsive fluorescence-phosphorescence dual-emission characteristic was guaranteed to realize interesting luminescence color changes, because many environmental stimuli (e.g., temperature, humidity, or alcohol) were known to dissociate the carboxyl hydrogen-bonded crosslinks. This reported strategy is expected to be universal and promising for the future development of powerful organic fluorescence-phosphorescence dual-emission materials with versatile uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor-derived exosome (TD-Ex) serves as a crucial early diagnostic biomarker of pancreatic cancer (PC). However, accurate identification of TD-Ex from PC is still a challenging work. In this paper, a detection microsystem that integrates magnetic separation and FET biosensor is developed, which is capable of selectively separating TD-Ex of PC from the plasma and detecting exosomal miRNA10b in a sensitive and specific manner. The magnetic beads were functionalized with dual antibody (GPC-1 antibody and EpCAM antibody), enabling selective recognition and capture of PC-derived exosomes. On the other hand, a peptide nucleic acid (PNA)- functionalized reduced graphene oxide field-effect transistor (RGO FET) biosensor was subsequently utilized to detect the exosomal miRNA10b, which is highly expressed in PC- derived exosomes. This system could achieve a low detection limit down to 78 fM, and selectively identify miRNA10b from single-base mismatched miRNA. In addition, 40 clinical plasma samples were tested with this microsystem, and the results indicate that it could effectively distinguish PC patients from healthy individuals. The assay combines specific capture and enrichment of PC-derived exosomes with sensitive and selective detection of exosomal miRNA, showing its potential to be used as an effective scheme for PC early diagnosis. An integrated microsystem is depicted, designed for the specific isolation and enrichment of pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes via dual-antibody functionalized magnetic beads. Simultaneously, the utilization of a Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA)-functionalized Field-Effect Transistor (FET) biosensor for the identification of exosomal miRNA10b is represented. This highlights the microsystem's enhanced sensitivity and selectivity, along with its capability for label-free, rapid detection, facilitating clear differentiation between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy individuals. [Display omitted] • A novel magnetic beads-based assay is constructed to isolate specific exosome. • Exosomal miRNA10b using a FET biosensor is sensitively detected. • A microsystem integrating exosome-selective isolation and detection is established. • The microsystem accurately distinguishes PC patients from healthy individuals. • An integrated microsystem is developed for early diagnosis of tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new synergistic strategy, based on simultaneously encapsulating CH 4 molecules in some 51264 cages (structure II hydrates) and facilitating structure I CH 4 hydrate formation, was found can place more CH 4 in the hydrate phase and facilitate more water-to-hydrate conversion, thereby increasing significantly the final gas uptake. Relative to the LCU, the highest increase in CH 4 uptake obtained in this work is up to 232.75 %. [Display omitted] • CH 4 hydrate formation mechanism in the presence of a promoter are illustrated. • Metastable Str.II pure CH 4 hydrates play a bridge to obtain mixture hydrate phase. • A CH 4 uptake, as high as 141.21 mmol/molH 2 O, is obtained from this work. • A new strategy that can significantly increase hydrate gas uptake is proposed. The addition of thermodynamic promoters is a promising and perhaps the only effective method to reduce hydrate formation conditions. However, this is achieved at the cost of the gas storage capacity reduction since the thermodynamic promoter will occupy some hydrate cages. To date, there is no effective method that can simultaneously limit this negative effect and obtain high water-to-hydrate conversion. In this work, we determine the methane (CH 4) hydrate formation mechanism in the presence of a thermodynamics promoter, Cyclopentane (CP), and find that structure II (Str.II) CH 4 hydrate, as a metastable intermediate structure of the reaction, plays a quite significant role in encapsulating CH 4 molecules in some 51264 cages (Str.II hydrates) and facilitating structure I CH 4 hydrate formation, thereby increasing gas uptake significantly. A CH 4 uptake, as high as 141.21 mmol/molH 2 O, is obtained from this work. Relative to the acknowledged limit of CH 4 uptake of Str.II hydrates formed commonly in the presence of same mole fractions of thermodynamics promoter (8 (P r o m o t e r) · 16 (C H 4) · 136 H 2 O)), the highest increase in CH 4 uptake is up to 232.75 %. These results would stimulate the development of the hydrate reaction theory and provide a new direction for promoter design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine spatial resolution (i.e., ≤ 100 m) land surface temperature (LST) data are crucial to study heterogeneous landscapes (e.g., agricultural and urban). Some well-known spatiotemporal fusion methods like the Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) and the Enhanced STARFM (ESTARFM), which were originally developed to fuse surface reflectance data, may not be suitable for direct application in LST studies due to the high sub-diurnal dynamics of LST. Furthermore, the effectiveness of spatiotemporal fusion methods for LST data has not been thoroughly evaluated in previous studies that only focused on relatively small spatiotemporal extents. To address these limitations, we proposed a variant of ESTARFM, referred to as the unbiased ESTARFM (ubESTARFM), specifically designed to accommodate the high temporal dynamics of LST to generate fine-resolution LST estimates. We evaluated ubESTARFM and ESTARFM against in-situ LST and the ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) LST across 12 regions throughout Australia, encompassing various land covers and environments. Independent validation showed that ubESTARFM had a bias of 2.55 K, unbiased root mean squared error (ubRMSE) of 2.57 K, and Pearson correlation coefficient (R) of 0.95 against the in-situ LST over 11,290 observations at the 12 sites, all of which were considerably better than those calculated for ESTARFM, being a bias of 4.73 K, ubRMSE of 3.80 K and R of 0.92. When compared to ECOSTRESS data, ubESTARFM LST had a bias of −1.69 K, ubRMSE of 2.00 K, and R of 0.70 over 43 near clear-sky scenes, while ESTARFM LST had a bias of 1.79 K, ubRMSE of 2.68 K, and R of 0.59. Overall, our results demonstrated that ubESTARFM can avoid systematic bias accumulation, substantially reduce uncertainty deviation, and maintain a good level of correlation with validation datasets when compared to ESTARFM. A further assessment underscored the potential of ubESTARFM for application using LST data acquired from geostationary platforms (e.g., Himawari-8), with a mean ubRMSE (R) of 2.22 K (0.97) against in-situ LST over 1327 observations at 3 sites from southeast Australia at the overpass time of MODIS/Terra. This promising method leverages reliable numeric values from coarse-resolution LST while borrowing spatial heterogeneity from fine-resolution LST and has the potential to be coupled with energy balance and/or radiative transfer models thus enabling better farm and/or regional-scale water management strategies to be implemented. Furthermore, both the input and generated LST data, encompassing a comprehensive spatial extent over diverse land covers and climatic conditions, are publicly available for benchmarking future algorithmic refinements. • We developed an unbiased variant of ESTARFM (ubESTARFM) to fuse MODIS and Landsat LST. • ubESTARFM uses coarse LST as reference to locally correct systematic bias of fine LST. • We evaluated ubESTARFM against in-situ LST and ECOSTRESS LST across Australia. • ubESTARFM reduces deviation of uncertainty while it maintains spatial details. • ubESTARFM shows potential for application on geostationary LST (e.g., Himawari-8). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Well dispersed MnO nanoparticles supported on activated carbon were successfully prepared. • MnO/AC catalysts were highly active for catalytic decomposition of ozone due to the enhanced electron transfer ability. • MnO/AC-700 exhibited the highest ozone conversion owing to the more active sites and more surface oxygen vacancies. • 1 wt.% MnO/AC showed an extremely high activity per mass of active phase compared with the reported catalysts. MnO nanoparticles supported on coal-based activated carbon (AC) were facilely fabricated via incipient wetness impregnation method by calcination of manganese acetate in nitrogen. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by N 2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, TEM, and XPS. It is demonstrated that calcination under inert atmosphere can facilely obtain well dispersed MnO nanoparticles on AC, and the particle size, as well as the surface oxygen species of the catalysts strongly depended on the calcination temperature. The AC supported MnO nanoparticles all exhibited high catalytic activity toward ozone decomposition at room temperature, and an optimal one was displayed as the calcination temperature of 700 °C. The smallest particle size of MnO nanoparticles and the most amount of surface oxygen vacancies, were mainly responsible for the highest activity of MnO/AC-700. Moreover, lower loading of Mn was found to be more favorable for stable catalytic performance. This work reported a series of MnO based catalysts for efficient removal of ozone at room temperature for the first time, and may shed new lights on the design of manganese oxides with lower oxidation state for efficient ozone decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Atomic-scale imaging of Mo-S molecular catalysts were performed by aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy. • Both the cases of molecular catalysts on GaP nanowire photocathodes and on single-layer graphene have been studied. • The existence of molecule clusters can be confirmed and atom contrasts can be obtained. • A fully one-to-one image-structure correspondence is still difficult to extract owing to electron beam-sample interaction. Atomic-scale electron microscopy characterization of single molecular catalysts is of great interest to the catalysis community, but is challenging for the electron microscopy community at current stage. Here, we show a case study of atomic-scale imaging of Mo-S molecular catalysts by aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy. Both the real case and ideal case have been studied, i.e., molecular catalysts on GaP nanowire photocathodes and on single-layer graphene, respectively. Electron beam-sample interaction is the key issue to achieve one-to-one correspondence between image and atomic structure. Future perspective is discussed to break through the bottleneck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AuNPs/SWCNT, a hybrid nanomaterial which is single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), has great application prospects for chemical and biological sensors. For the innate nanogap between tiny AuNPs deposited on sidewall of SWCNT, AuNPs/SWCNT is suitable for the fabrication of simple and effective electrical signal switching devices. Here, we develop a novel strategy of applying AuNPs/SWCNT to fabricate nanogap device for DNA hybridization detection. The detection strategy is based on the target DNA mediating the catalytic activity of the AuNPs by desorbing the probe DNA from AuNPs. The signal transduction depends on the growth of tiny AuNPs which is closely related to the AuNPs catalytic activity. Sensing occurs at the tiny AuNPs growing and connecting into a continuous nanowire along the SWCNT, leading to a conductimetric response. The biosensing device can detect target DNA with the detection limit of 1 pM and the ability to discriminate triple and quintuple base pair mismatches. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family regulate cell fate decisions during early embryonic development and tissue homeostasis in the adult. Deregulation of TGF-β family signaling contributes to developmental anomalies, fibrotic disorders, tumorigenesis and immune diseases. TGF-β exerts a wide spectrum of cellular functions by activating canonical (SMAD-dependent) or non-canonical (SMAD-independent) pathways in a cell type-specific and context-dependent manner. Here, we focus on recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms and functions of SMAD and non-SMAD pathways in physiology and pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An optical wireless communication with laser light source is proposed and experimentally evaluated. We have used an arc curvature design at end-face of a piece of commercial multimode fiber (MMF) which acting as an emitting head to expand the beam diameter. The behavior of light field distributions with different emitted head were also measured and discussed. Optical amplification was carried out to compensate for the beam divergence loss in free space. The Bit error rate (BER) and launched power, measured in the distance of 2 m from ceiling to desk, are 400 Mb/s data rate and 10 dBm, respectively. The proposed method for laser expanded could be widely used in optical wireless communication system for short transmission distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DOF proteins are plant-specific transcription factors that play vital roles in plant development and defense responses. However, DOFs have primarily been investigated in model plants, and fairly limited research has been performed on grape (Vitis vinifera). In this study, we isolated and characterized a C 2 –C 2 zinc finger structural DOF gene, VvDOF3 , from the grape cultivar Jingxiu. The VvDOF3 protein showed nuclear localization and transcriptional activation ability, indicating that it functions as a transcription factor. The VvDOF3 gene was rapidly induced by exogenous salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and powdery mildew infection. Overexpression of VvDOF3 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced resistance to Golovinomyces cichoracearum. Expression of the SA-responsive defense-related gene PR1 and the concentration of SA were up-regulated in transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing VvDOF3. Together, these data suggest that VvDOF3 functions as a transcription factor in grape and enhances powdery mildew resistance through the SA signaling pathway. • VvDOF3 is induced in grape by pathogen attack and defense-related phytohormones. • VvDOF3 acts as a transcription factor and localizes in the nucleus. • VvDOF3 overexpression enhances disease resistance via salicylic acid signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A step-index chalcogenide fiber with a rectangular core and a circular cladding was fabricated through an approach that combines an extrusion technique and a multiple-stage rod-in-tube method. This fiber has a Ge 12 As 24 Se 64 glass core with a size of ~2.8 μm × 5.9 μm, and a Ge 10 As 24 S 66 glass cladding with a diameter of ~220 μm, and shows a relatively large birefringence. When ~10 cm long fiber was pumped at 4.0 μm with 330 fs pulses, ~2.2–9.5 μm supercontinuum with a flatness of 20 dB and a polarization extinction ratio of ~10 dB was generated. • A chalcogenide glass fiber with a rectangular core is designed. • The fiber is fabricated by an extrusion technique and a rod-in-tube method. • The fiber shows a background loss of about 3.1 dB/m in the mid-infrared. • Polarized ~2.2–9.5 μm supercontinuum is generated in the fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hybrid parallelism Monte Carlo transport on structured or unstructured meshes. • Hybrid parallelism Monte Carlo transport of domain decomposition and clones. • Fast particle tracking method on unstructured meshes. • Mesh-based parallelism Monte Carlo transport codes can be developed quickly. • Shielding problems of the Qinshan No. 1 reactor were calculated using mesh geometry. Mesh-based Monte Carlo particle transport is suitable for complex geometry modeling and for multi-physics coupling calculations. Performing large-scale mesh-based Monte Carlo simulations requires a quite large amount of computation and memory space. Therefore, parallel Monte Carlo computing is crucial. In this study, a hybrid parallelism Monte Carlo transport middleware on mesh geometry was developed. The middleware can provide the following algorithms and functions: 1. hybrid parallelism of domain decomposition and particle parallelism; 2. particle data structure, which manages particle information and automatically performs asynchronous communication between decomposed domains; 3. subset data structure, which provides an efficient management strategy for materials and tally data; 4. particle tracking method on structured/unstructured mesh and k-dimensional tree (KD-Tree) acceleration algorithm; 5. condensed application programming interface for the rapid development of Monte Carlo code based on the middleware. We transplanted the fixed source module of the J Monte Carlo transport code (JMCT) which was based on constructive solid geometry (CSG) to the middleware for verification. The results indicated that the serial particle tracking efficiency of an unstructured mesh model was 6.56 times as high as that of MCNP6 and the serial simulation efficiency of the corresponding structured mesh model was basically equivalent to that of JMCT. The parallel efficiency of domain decomposition was higher than that of JMCT. We also calculated the shielding problem of the Qinshan No. 1 reactor through hybrid parallelism. The results were in good agreement with the experimental data, and the hybrid parallel efficiencies were higher than 65% on 4000 CPU cores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A facile method was utilized to prepare two isostructural Ni-based MOF nanosheets. • One-pot synthesis of cyclic carbonates was achieved under mild conditions. • The 2D nanosheets outperformed their 3D counterparts in catalytic performance. • The opposite effects of amino groups in two elementary reactions were studied. Two isostructural Ni-based MOF 2D nanosheets (NiBDC NS and NiBDC-NH 2 NS) were facilely constructed by reflux method, which exhibited excellent activity for one-pot epoxidation-CO 2 cycloaddition catalysis. Combining our activity evaluations, detailed kinetics and molecular simulation results, we revealed that the amino groups of these materials played a positive role in CO 2 cycloaddition step but a negative role in epoxidation step. By using NiBDC NS, the conversion and yield of the targeted products under mild condition (80 °C, 1 bar and 12 h) could achieve 95% and 87%, respectively. The calculated Thiele modulus and effectiveness factor indicated that NiBDC NS exhibited a higher catalyst utilization degree with negligible diffusion constraint. We further confirmed the stability of these catalysts by repeatedly running the catalysis six times without observing significant loss of activity. Finally, the reaction mechanism was proposed by combining the results from experiment and simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A Ho3+:KBGM crystal with good quality and large size was successfully grown by using TSSG method. • Crystal structure, polarized absorption and emission spectra were extensively studied. • The crystal has wide absorption and emission bandwidth with large absorption and emission cross-sections. • The lifetime was investigated and result indicated a relatively high quantum efficiency in this crystal. A Ho3+:KBGM crystal with good quality and large size was successfully grown via TSSG method. The crystal's structure, ambient-temperature polarized absorption and emission spectra and fluorescence lifetime were studied. The J-O theory was adopted to analyze the absorption spectra and results show that crystal exhibits relatively large intensity parameters Ω 2 and spectroscopic quality factor which is up to 3.12. At 453 nm, the absorption band is the strongest, and the corresponding cross-sections are 21.94 × 10–20 cm2, 26.66 × 10–20 cm2 and 18.56 × 10–20 cm2 for the - X , - Y and - Z polarizations, respectively. The emission spectra also demonstrate the broad and strong emission band at 2030 nm. The FWHMs and cross-sections are 74 nm, 0.37 × 10−20 cm2, 50 nm, 0.68 × 10−20 cm2, and 49 nm 0.52 × 10−20 cm2 for the three polarizations, respectively. In addition, the crystal has a superior quantum efficiency which is as high as 97.1%. Taking all the analyses into account, it is reasonable to assert that the Ho3+:KBGM crystal an ideal candidate for ∼2 µm laser applications in many areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YTHDF3 as a N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader participates in the development and progression of multiple cancer types, however, the prognosis, molecular biology and immune infiltration of YTHDF3 in gastric cancer (GC) have not been investigated. The YTHDF3 expression profile and clinicopathological parameters of stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) were downloaded from TCGA. The online websites and databases such as GEPIA2, cBioPortal, UALCAN, ImmuCellAl, xCell, TISIDB, GSCA were utilized for analysis of the association of YTHDF3 with STAD, including clinical prognosis, WGCNA and LASSO Cox regression analysis. Further functional assays such as RT-qPCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), CCK-8, colony formation, EdU and Transwell assays were performed to determine the role of YTHDF3 in GC. We found that YTHDF3 was upregulated in STAD tissue samples ascribed to its copy number amplification and associated with poor prognosis in patients with STAD. GO and KEGG analyses showed that YTHDF3-related differential genes were predominantly enriched in the proliferation, metabolism and immune signaling pathways. Knockdown of YTHDF3 repressed the growth and invasion of GC cells by inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling. We then identified YTHDF3-related lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs, and constructed their prognostic signatures in patients with STAD. Moreover, YTHDF3 associated with tumor immune infiltration such as CD8+ T cells, macrophages, Tregs, MHC molecules and chemokines, upregulated PD-L1 and CXCL1 and exerted a response to the immunotherapy in GC. YTHDF3 upregulation indicates poor prognosis and promotes GC cell growth and invasion by activating PI3K/AKT pathway and regulating immune microenvironment. The established YTHDF3-related signatures highlight the association of YTHDF3 with the clinical prognosis and immune cell infiltration in GC. • YTHDF3 is a promising prognostic factor in GC. • YTHDF3 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating the PI3K-AKT pathway. • YTHDF3 interacts with coding and noncoding RNAs. • YTHDF3 associated with tumor immune infiltration, upregulated PD-L1 and CXCL1 and exerted a response to the immunotherapy in GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Abrupt high δ13C -CO2-DIC in the hot springs occurred before earthquakes. • The carbon isotopic spikes are caused by fractionation due to tectonic activity. • The δ13C -CO2-DIC of hot springs changed markedly before and after the earthquakes. • The elevated carbon isotopic levels may be a signal for the subsequent earthquakes. Geothermal springs are controlled by deep faults, which are the major causes of earthquakes. A series of geochemical indicators of hot springs, such as carbon dioxide content (CO 2), carbon isotope and noble gas isotope etc., have been used for earthquake monitoring and early warning at home and abroad. Given that previous studies have failed to establish an inevitable link between the carbon isotopic variations of hot springs and seismic activities, in this study, mass spectrometry techniques were used to analyze the carbon isotopes of gaseous CO 2 and noble gas isotope in hot springs, thermal water, and newly formed travertines from western Sichuan before and after an Ms 4.8 earthquake (i.e., 7.14 earthquake). The results showed that the carbon isotope level of the hot spring system increased significantly before the earthquake, i.e., δ13C CO2 = -2‰ to 3.3‰, δ13C DIC = 2.2‰ to 6.6‰ (DIC = dissolved inorganic carbon in geothermal water), R/R A = 0.90–1.83, and δ13C travertine = 1.76‰ to 5.75‰. These indicators decreased markedly 1 week after the earthquake, whereas the helium isotope ratio of R/R A did not exhibit a noticeable change (δ13C CO2 = -3.9‰ to 0.4‰, δ13C DIC = 1.6‰ to 4.1‰, R/R A = 0.68–1.87). Combined with previous thermodynamic calculation and experimental results on carbon isotope fractionation of the CO 2 –calcium carbonate system, we suggest that the high carbon isotope characteristics of hot springs are caused by carbon isotope fractionation following the release of CO 2 from fault carbonate decomposition owing to tectonic activity, not by a mixture of different carbon sources. A high carbon isotopic delivery path in geothermal water, from released CO 2 to DIC and then to travertine, was observed. The new mechanism proposed in this paper reveals the intrinsic relations between the changes of the hot spring geochemical properties and deep tectonic activities, and the variations of these geochemical parameters before and after earthquakes may assist in capturing seismic precursors. A post-peak earthquake warning model has thus been preliminarily proposed, however, long-term monitoring data are required to reduce some uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We appraised Warburg effect through analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and maximum standard uptake value (SUV max) of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan and their alterations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Later T-status and longer longitudinal tumor length were associated with lower mtDNAESCC copy number (p <.05) but higher SUV max -ESCC (p <.05), respectively. Lower mtDNAESCC copy number correlated with higher SUV max -ESCC, reciprocally (p <.05). ESCCs expressing mutant p53 protein had lower mtDNAESCC copy number (p =.056) but higher SUV max -ESCC (p =.046). We conclude that mutant p53 protein may be involved in the Warburg effect of ESCC. Unlabelled Image • Increased SUV max of the FDG-PET scan, suggesting a metabolic shift from oxidative metabolism to glycolysis, was observed in the tumor formation and progression of ESCC • Decrease of mtDNA copy number, suggesting a decline of mitochondrial function, underscores the Warburg effect in the progression of ESCC. • Mutant p53 protein, later T-status and longer longitudinal tumor length are associated with the Warburg effect in ESCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the solubility of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-MNQ, Vitamin K3) and its by-product 2-naphthaldehyde in binary and ternary systems was studied. Three phase diagrams were established based on the experimental solubility data. Each ternary phase diagram contains three crystallization regions (pure 2-MNQ, pure 2-naphthaldehyde and mixture of 2-MNQ and 2-naphthaldehyde), two co-saturated curves and one co-saturated point. The crystalline region of 2-MNQ is larger than that of 2-naphthaldehyde at three temperatures (283.15, 293.15 and 303.15) K. The solubility of the binary (2-MNQ + ethanol and 2-naphthaldehyde + ethanol) system was correlated by λh equation, modified Apelblat equation and NRTL model. The ternary (2-MNQ + 2-naphthaldehyde + ethanol) system was correlated by NRTL model. The calculated values agree well with the determined solubility data. Interaction energy between solute and solvent molecules were calculated to illustrate the solubility behavior of 2-MNQ and 2-naphthaldehyde in ethanol. RDF shows that when adding pure 2-naphthaldehyde in solution of 2-MNQ + ethanol, the interaction between 2-MNQ and ethanol molecules will become stronger, which leads to an increase in solubility of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. This study can provide basic data and theoretical foundation for the separation process. • Solubility of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + 2-naphthaldehyde + ethanol was determined. • Three ternary phase diagrams were plotted based on solubility data. • Binary solubility data were correlated by λh equation, modified Apelblat equation and NRTL model. • Ternary phase diagrams were correlated by NRTL model. • Molecular simulation was used to study the binary and ternary solubility behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite structure was constructed by in situ growth of ZIF-8 [Zn(MeIm) 2 , Melm = 2-methylimidazole] on the channels of anodized alumina oxide (AAO) membrane. The evolution of ZIF-8 MOF growing in situ crystallization in AAO nanochannels, can be divided into three stages through the observation at different time points. The reducing of the transmembrane ionic current can confirm the corresponding growth stage with the corresponding size of ZIF-8 nanocrystals. The method is applicable to modify ZIF-8 in AAO nanochannels of various diameters ranging from 71 ± 8 nm to 317 ± 36 nm, with the corresponding size of ZIF-8 ranging from 58 ± 8 nm to 272 ± 24 nm. The approach supplies a new composite nanopore material which can be utilized to the study of molecule–ZIF interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Dynamic headspace sampling with on-line monitoring of CH 4 and NMHC reflects quasi-realtime release behavior of volatile compounds. • Profiles of VOCs and their released rates described by NMHC were closely related to microalgae's state of health or the life stages. • NMHC and methane were estimated from 0.02 to 0.59 μgC/(h g) and 0.05–3.96 μgC/(h g), respectively. The spectrum of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) released by the microalgae-water phase of Taihu Lake in China was examined, then release behaviors were studied using non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC, including a few polar organics) to describe the total amount of the released VOCs. Coupled dynamic headspace sampling with on-line monitoring of methane and NMHC was used to reflect the quasi-realtime release behavior of methane and NMHC by the microalgae-water phase. Alkanes, alkenes, oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and volatile sulfide chemicals (VOSCs) were detected. Their relative contents over time varied markedly from the stationary to the apoptosis phase, with their release rates as described by NMHC estimated from 0.02 to 0.59 μgC/(h g). Methane was investigated simultaneously, and its release rate was found to be 0.05–3.96 μgC/(h g). The release rates of both NMHC and methane were found to relate to the culture phase of the microalgae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Surgery is the first-line therapy for glioblastoma. There is evidence that extent of resection is significantly associated with patient survival. Unfortunately, optimal surgical resection is usually limited because of the difficulty in discriminating tumor-infiltrated region and normal brain tissue. This study aimed to develop a tool to distinguish between infiltration zone and normal tissue in real time during glioma surgery. Methods In an in vivo study, C6 glioma cells were implanted into the left cerebral hemispheres of 6 rats to mimic tumorigenesis. A newly designed optical fiber-embedded needle probe was used to measure the autofluorescence of both cerebral hemispheres at various depths 5 days after the implantation. These rats were then sacrificed, and both cerebral hemispheres were removed for histopathologic analysis. Results Comparative analyses of corresponding areas by histopathology and autofluorescence revealed highly significant (P < 0.001) differences among the normal tissue, infiltration zone, tumors, and the contralateral cerebral hemispheres. The area of the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.978, and the sensitivity and specificity of tumor delineation were 93.9% and 94.4%, respectively. Conclusions The newly designed in vivo fiber-optic probe can distinguish tumor-infiltration zones from normal brain tissue in this in vivo study. Therefore, it may help neurosurgeons to increase extent of resection without damaging normal brain tissue and thus potentially improve the patients' survival and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this work, the solubility of 4-methylphthalic anhydride in eight organic solvents (methyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile, toluene, butyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride, cyclohexane, n -heptane) was studied experimentally by the isothermal saturation method at temperatures from (278.15 to 318.15) K under atmosphere pressure. Results show that the solubility of 4-methylphthalic anhydride in selected organic solvents increases with rising of temperature. Molecular simulation between solute and solvent was applied to reveal the solubility behavior based on density functional theory (DFT). The experimental data were correlated by five thermodynamic models including Van't Hoff equation, modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, NRTL and Wilson model. All the models give acceptable results in regression analysis of the solubility data. The modified Apelblat equation provides a better correlation in this study. The mixing thermodynamic properties including Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of 4-methylphthalic anhydride in selected solvents were also obtained. Outcome shows that the dissolution of 4-methylphthalic anhydride in selected solvents is spontaneous and entropy-driven. This study can provide fundamental data for the separating of 4-methylphthalic anhydride. Highlights • Solubility data for 4-methylphthalic anhydride in eight organic solvents were measured. • Molecular simulation was performed to reveal the solubility behavior. • Experimental solubility data were correlated by five thermodynamic models. • Mixing thermodynamic properties of 4-methylphthalic anhydride were calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The transport and thermoelectric properties of the LaO 1 − x F x BiPbS 3 compounds are studied. On the transport part, fluorine doping effectively reduces the electrical resistivity, and transforms the transport behavior from semiconducting-like to metallic-like. An evident enhancement of thermoelectric performance (power factor) is achieved in LaO 0.6 F 0.4 BiPbS 3 , with an obviously larger absolute value of Seebeck coefficient (| S |) compared to the parent compound. Hall coefficient measurements reveal the depression of effective carrier density for all the doped samples at high temperatures. The present results suggest that electron carriers alone can not explain the improvement of thermoelectric properties by fluorine doping, the conduction of ionic carriers should be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A laser with 60 mm-aperture composite ceramic disk pumped by laser diode arrays was developed. By optimizing waveguide and imaging lens, a pump power peak power of 75 kW, density of 318 W/cm 2 is achieved with a pump uniformity of 96% by using a hexagonal waveguide. The temperature distribution and axial deformation of the cooler were optimized, and the axisymmetric micro-channel cooler was designed. Up to 2.3 kW average output power with an optical-optical efficiency of 37% is obtained in the stable resonator when pumping with a long-pulse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Specifically blocking more than one oncogenic pathway simultaneously in a cancer cell with a combination of different drugs is the mainstay of the majority of cancer treatments. Being able to do this via two targeted pathways without inducing side effects through a general mechanism, such as chemotherapy, could bring benefit to patients. In this work we describe a new dual inhibitor of the JAK-STAT and HDAC pathways through designing and developing two types of molecule based on the JAK2 selective inhibitor XL019 and the pan-HDAC inhibitor, vorinostat. Both series of compounds had examples with low nanomolar JAK2 and HDAC1/6 inhibition. In some cases good HDAC1 selectivity was achieved while retaining HDAC6 activity. The observed potency is explained through molecular docking studies of all three enzymes. One example, 69c had 16–25 fold selectivity against the three other JAK-family proteins JAK1, JAK3 and TYK2. A number of compounds had sub-micromolar potencies against a panel of 4 solid tumor cell lines and 4 hematological cell lines with the most potent compound, 45h , having a cellular IC 50 of 70 nM against the multiple myeloma cell line KMS-12-BM. Evidence of both JAK and HDAC pathway inhibition is presented in Hela cells showing that both pathways are modulated. Evidence of apoptosis with two compounds in 4 sold tumor cell lines is also presented. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Two designs of new agents with a dual mode of action targeting both JAK2 kinase and HDACs are reported. • Structure-activity relationships revealed potent inhibition of JAK2, HDAC6 and HDAC1. • Compound 69c had 16–25 fold selectivity against three other JAK-family proteins JAK1, JAK3 and TYK2. • Compound 45h has a cellular IC 50 of 70 nM against the multiple myeloma cell line KMS-12-BM. • Both JAK and HDAC pathway inhibition is shown in Hela cells; mechanism of cell death is via apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its merit of rapid start-up, lower pollution and high energy conversion efficiency, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system has been considered as one of the most promising propulsion system for electric vehicles. Although the development of PEMFC system has been experienced rapid growth for several decades, many challenges still need to be overcome for promoting commercialize fuel cell technology. In order to understand the design concept of PEMFC system and update the development status of fuel cell system for electric vehicle, as well as help fuel cell system developers or electric vehicle manufacturers to improve the performance and durability of fuel cell electric vehicles, the up-to-date technical targets such as power density, operation temperature, dynamic response and lifetime for PEMFC systems in different countries have been summarized and compared in this review. Furthermore, from the aspects of hydrogen management and air management and major degradation mechanisms under various operation conditions, the design status of the system configuration in fuel cell has also been analyzed in detail. Finally, according to the design and intended operation the mitigation strategies have also been proposed to promote the development of PEMFC system for electric vehicle applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although gelatin has good characteristics in preparing soft capsules, its noticeable shortcomings force researchers to further develop substitutes for gelatin soft capsules. In this paper, sodium alginate (SA), carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and κ -carrageenan (κ -C) were used as matrix materials, and the formula of the co-blended solutions was screened through rheological method. In addition, films of the different blends were characterized by thermogravimetry analysis, SEM, FTIR, X-ray, water contact angle and mechanical properties. The results showed that κ -C had strong interaction with CMS and SA, and the mechanical properties of capsule shell were greatly improved by the addition of κ -C. When the ratio of CMS/SA/ κ -C was 2:0.5:1.5, the microstructure of the films was more dense and uniform. In addition, this formula had the best mechanical properties and adhesion properties, and was more suitable for the production of soft capsules. Finally, a novel plant soft capsule was successfully prepared by dropping method, and its appearance and rupture properties met the requirements of enteric soft capsules. In simulated intestinal fluid, the soft capsules were almost completely degraded within 15 min, and they were superior to the gelatin soft capsules. Therefore, this study provides an alternative formula for preparing enteric soft capsules. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The eNRA properties of FeCoNiCuZn HEA were identified by DFT calculations. • FeCoNiCuZn has the lowest overpotential of 0.22 V with the barrier of 0.954 eV. • Origin of the electrocatalytic activity is closely associated with d -band center. The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia (eNRA) is a promising solution for addressing nitrate pollution while also enabling efficient ammonia synthesis and resource utilization. In this study, we employ a combination of first-principle density functional theory (DFT) calculation and Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the feasibility of eNRA on different crystal planes of FeCoNiCuZn high-entropy alloy (HEA). Our computational results demonstrate that the (1 0 0) crystal plane of FeCoNiCuZn HEA exhibits excellent catalytic activity for eNRA, characterized by an ultra-low overpotential of 0.22 V and a kinetical barrier of 0.954 eV. Moreover, the HEA also demonstrates exceptional selectivity (99.9 %), which suppresses secondary reactions (HER). Through a thorough analysis of the electronic structure, we identify that the electrocatalytic activity of HEA is primarily attributed to the position of the d -band center. This work not only presents a high-performance electrocatalyst candidate for eNRA but also expands the research scope of HEAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• TC-HT rescues the cognitive performances in Y-maze and NOR tests better than HT. • TC-HT reduces Aβ and BACE1 levels better than conventional HT. • The expressions of insulin degrading enzyme are increased significantly via TC-HT. • The expression levels of antioxidative SOD2 protein are greatly enhanced via TC-HT. • TC-HT ameliorates neuroinflammation better than conventional HT. Despite continuation of some controversies, Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia nowadays, has been widely believed to derive mainly from excessive β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, that would increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce neuroinflammation, leading to neuron loss and cognitive impairment. Existing drugs on Aβ have been ineffective or offer only temporary relief at best, due to blood–brain barrier or severe side effects. The study employed thermal cycling-hyperthermia (TC-HT) to ease the Aβ-induced cognitive impairments and compared its effect with continuous hyperthermia (HT) in vivo. It established an AD mice model via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aβ 25-35 , proving that TC-HT is much more effective in alleviating its performance decline in Y-maze and novel object recognition (NOR) tests, in comparison with HT. In addition, TC-HT also exhibits a better performance in decreasing the hippocampal Aβ and β-secretase (BACE1) expressions as well as the neuroinflammation markers–ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels. Furthermore, the study finds that TC-HT can elevate more protein expressions of insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) and antioxidative enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) than HT. In sum, the study proves the potential of TC-HT in AD treatment, which can be put into application with the use of focused ultrasound (FUS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Radiometric calibration model is established for high dynamic range imaging system. • Calibration algorithm considering integration time and transmittance is proposed. • Calibration accuracy of the proposed calibration method is significantly improved. • This work benefits to high dynamic range infrared radiometry or thermometry. The infrared imaging system with high dynamic range is one of the most prime candidates in the area of quantitative infrared radiometry and thermometry applications. As the foundation of the measurement processes, radiometric calibration is the inception procedure which will be studied emphatically in this paper. Conventional radiometric calibration algorithm is not suitable for high dynamic range infrared imaging systems that requires the flexibility of adjusting the integration time and transmittance according to characteristics of the detected target. Unfortunately, fixed calibration coefficients will inevitably arouse the deterioration of the calibration accuracy in the case of variable integration time or the transmittance. For the purpose of solving above issues, effects of integration time and transmittance on calibration are analyzed in detail. A modified calibration algorithm considering the integration time and transmittance is proposed to compensate the calibration error caused by the change of these two factors. Experiments confirm that the accuracy of the proposed calibration algorithm can reach about 1 % under the conditions of varying integration time and transmittance, which is effectively applicable to high dynamic range infrared imaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black soybeans are commonly consumed as health foods and used in traditional Chinese medicine, but they are rarely cultivated as edible sprouts. During germination, the composition of seeds undergoes distinct changes that cause variations in bioactivities. In this study, the water-soluble black soybean polysaccharide (BSPS) was isolated from sprouts harvested at two-day intervals during the first week of seedling growth. The chromatographic profiles of the BSPS in ungerminated seeds showed fraction 1 (F1, about 64 kDa) and fraction 2 (F2, <1 kDa) that degraded during germination. The polysaccharide in F1 fraction of ungerminated seeds was covalently associated with the protein and mainly contained arabinose, galactose, glucose, and galacturonic acid at various levels during germination. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activities and the reducing power of F1 were highest on the seventh day of germination. The phenolic and flavonoid content significantly increased after the fifth day of germination, suggesting that these ingredients also contributed to the antioxidant activities. During long-term germination, the polysaccharide-protein conjugate in the F1 fraction with enhanced antioxidant activities is regarded as a potential natural antioxidant for the development of functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An improved incremental normalized least mean square (INLMS) algorithm is developed by minimizing the Huber cost function, which is robust against impulsive noises, over distributed networks. To significantly suppress impulsive noises, a recursive scheme based on the incremental cooperation strategy is designed for updating the cutoff parameter in the Huber function. Since the proposed algorithm can be interpreted as a variable step size INLMS algorithm, it has faster convergence rate and lower steady-state error than some existing incremental distributed algorithms in both impulsive and non-impulsive noise environments. In addition, to track a sudden change of the unknown system, a modified method of resetting the cutoff parameter is developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrate based CO 2 separation process is affected by many factors which mainly includes additive concentration, gas-liquid volume ratio and operating conditions. The most of the investigations on the CO 2 hydrate-based separation in the previous work were carried out around the kinetics and thermodynamics of the hydrate formation along with the CO 2 separation efficiency. However, few studies focus on the morphology of hydrate though the difference of the morphologies directly leads to the difference of the CO 2 separation efficiency. In this work, the morphology along with the kinetics of the hydrate-based CO 2 separation from CO 2 /H 2 (40%/60%) is carried out in the presence of tetra- n -butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) of 0.29 mol%. The results indicate, firstly, TBAB hydrate formation and TBAB/gas mixture hydrate formation were two independent processes. Secondly, the different operating conditions resulted in different hydrate morphologies. Thirdly, the consumption of CO 2 in low pressure (<2.5 MPa) was controlled by the driving force, while that was controlled by the formed hydrate layer in the gas-liquid interface in the relatively high pressure especially for the initial pressure ≥4.5 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Difluoroamino compounds have attracted attention in many fields especially as high energy density materials (HEDMs). This paper review a series of reagents leading to difluoramino compounds, such as difluoroamine, difluorosulfamic acid, difluorosulfamate salts, difluoroaminotriphenylmethane, fluorine, trifluoramine oxide, hypofluorites, tetrafluorohydrazine, Selectfluor™ and nitrogen trifluoride. These reagents are not disorganized but have a certain connection. This review emphasizes the relationship between these reagents and predicts some reactions through this relationship. This paper divides these reagents into four types according to the functional groups of the target reactants, and illustrates the reaction mechanism and source of each reagent in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]