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We sought to investigate the value of combining intrauterine cerebral blood flow changes with brain electrical activity examination in evaluating the prognosis of brain injury. A total of 90 preterm infants were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: the brain damaged preterm infants group (n = 55) and the nonbrain damaged preterm infants group (n = 35). The diagnostic efficacy of combining intrauterine cerebral blood flow changes with electroencephalogram (EEG) activity examination in predicting the prognosis of preterm infants with brain injury was evaluated using T-test. Pearson linear correlation was applied to analyze the relationship between fetal intrauterine cerebral blood flow changes combined with electrical activity examination and the prognosis of brain injury. Significant differences were seen in pulse index, the ratio of peak systolic velocity to end diastolic velocity ratio, and other indexes between the 2 groups (P < 0.05). The combined approach of intrauterine cerebral blood flow changes with EEG activity examination demonstrated significantly higher values for area under the curve, sensitivity and negative predictive value compared to using intrauterine cerebral blood flow changes or EEG activity examination alone (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between fetal intrauterine cerebral blood flow and electrical activity examination (P < 0.05). Combining the assessment of intrauterine cerebral blood flow changes with cerebral electrical activity examination proved beneficial in diagnosing the prognosis of brain injury and provided an important reference for early clinical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop a potential refractory for directional solidification of high-entropy alloys with high-activity, the interfacial reaction of Al 2 O 3 , MgO, and BaZrO 3 refractory against TiZrNbV alloy melt was investigated. A comparative study of their corrosion resistance is performed to evaluate the applicability. Results indicated that the interaction occurred between the three refractory and the alloy melts, causing the refractory to be wetted by the alloy melt. The dissolution-corrosion was the main reason for the interaction, and the corrosion resistance extent of the refractory was proportional to the wetting angle of the alloy. Furthermore, Al 2 O 3 refractory was seriously corroded by the alloy melts, resulting in the appearance of a 50 μm thick pit. Then, the dissolved O in the refractory diffused into the alloy, causing a 400 μm thick interaction layer and Zr–O oxides reactants. In addition, MgO refractory could suppress its interaction with the alloy melt, due to the volatility of Mg vapor. However, there still existed a 50 μm thick interaction layer and Zr–O oxides products. Compared with Al 2 O 3 and MgO, BaZrO 3 refractory exhibited a lowest dissolution extent, and did not cause the appearance of an interaction layer or products, confirming its excellent corrosion resistance. These results provides insights into the process of producing high-entropy alloys using BaZrO 3 refractory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The processes of mechanical, hydrothermal and DESs are combined. • Structure-performance relationship of DESs delignification is clarified. • Multiple DESs extraction can further improve the delignification efficiency. • DESs compete with lignin to break the H-bonds in lignocellulose. Bamboo pulp and papermaking produce a lot of bamboo powder waste, and its resource utilization is of great significance for biomass refining and environmental protection. Here, we propose an integrated approach involving mechanical activation, hydrothermal extraction, and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) multiple delignification for the efficient separation of bamboo powder. Among seven carboxylic acids based DESs, choline chloride (ChCl)-lactic acid (La) DES (1:1) is the most effective, with over 78.0% lignin removal and 88.9% cellulose retained after mechanical-hydrothermal (180 °C, 5 h)-DES (110 °C, 12 h) treatment. Notably, 84.7% of delignification is achieved after three times of ChCl-La DES treatment at 70, 90, and 110 °C respectively. The delignification rate is negatively correlated with the amount of carboxyl group in the DESs. The lower the p K a value, the higher the delignification rate. Additionally, the selectivity for lignin is improved with decreasing solvent polarity. DES treatment effectively degrades the guaiacyl unit lignin fractions and disrupts several β-aryl-ether bonds (e.g., β-O-4, β-β, and β-5). Furthermore, DESs exhibit good recyclability, with less than 10% reduction in delignification after three cycles. Theory calculations confirm that ChCl-carboxylic acid DESs could compete with lignin to break hydrogen bonds in lignocellulosic biomass by providing their chloride, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups. Overall, this study demonstrates the practical significance of multistage treatment for the effective fractionation of biomass into its three components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of serum NT-proBNP in patients with pleural effusion. • Serum NT-proBNP has moderate diagnostic accuracy for HF. • The diagnostic accuracy of NT-proBNP decreases in old patients. Serum N -terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a well-recognized diagnostic marker for heart failure (HF) in patients with dyspnea or pleural effusion (PE). The effects of age on the diagnostic accuracy of NT-proBNP in dyspneic patients are widely known; however, whether its diagnostic accuracy is affected by age in patients with PE remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the influence of age on the diagnostic accuracy of serum NT-proBNP for HF in patients with PE. Patients with PE were recruited from the BUFF (Biomarkers for patients with Undiagnosed pleural eFFusion) cohort and the SIMPLE (a Study Investigating Markers in PLeural Effusion) cohort. Serum NT-proBNP on admission and final diagnosis were extracted from the participant's medical records. The diagnostic accuracy of serum NT-proBNP was evaluated by a operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The influence of age on the diagnostic accuracy of NT-proBNP was investigated through subgroup analyses. One hundred and four participants were enrolled from the BUFF cohorts (HF, 32; non-HF, 72). One hundred and sixteen participants were enrolled from the SIMPLE cohort (HF, 21; non-HF, 95). The area under the ROC curve (AUCs) of NT-proBNP in the pooled cohort was 0.78 (95 %CI: 0.71 – 0.85). The AUC of NT-proBNP decreased in older patients. Serum NT-proBNP has moderate diagnostic accuracy for HF in old patients with PE. The diagnostic accuracy of serum NT-proBNP in these patients decreases with the advancement of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • C4-C7 PFCAs are predominant in leachate, while FOTHs are dominant in landfill air. • The quality of installed landfill liners is critical for minimizing PFAS leakage. • Activated carbon, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis are effective for treating PFAS in leachate. • Foam fractionation and advanced oxidation are effective per laboratory/pilot scale tests. • Key knowledge gaps in PFAS management at landfills are identified. Landfills have served as the final repository for > 50 % municipal solid wastes in the United States. Because of their widespread uses and persistence in the environment, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (>4000 on the global market) are ubiquitously present in everyday consumer, commercial and industrial products, and have been widely detected in both closed (tens ng/L) and active (thousands to ten thousands ng/L) landfills due to disposal of PFAS-containing materials. Along with the decomposition of wastes in-place, PFAS can be transformed and released from the wastes into leachate and landfill gas. Consequently, it is critical to understand the occurrence and transformation of PFAS in landfills and the effectiveness of landfills, as a disposal alternative, for long-term containment of PFAS. This article presents a state-of-the-art review on the occurrence and transformation of PFAS in landfills, and possible effect of PFAS on the integrity of modern liner systems. Based on the data published from 10 countries (250 + landfills), C4-C7 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids were found predominant in the untreated landfill leachate and neutral PFAS, primarily fluorotelomer alcohols, in landfill air. The effectiveness and limitations of the conventional leachate treatment technologies and emerging technologies were also evaluated to address PFAS released into the leachate. Among conventional technologies, reverse osmosis (RO) may achieve a high removal efficiency of 90–100 % based on full-scale data, which, however, is vulnerable to the organic fouling and requires additional disposal of the concentrate. Implications of these knowledge on PFAS management at landfills are discussed and major knowledge gaps are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive lipid intake is related to the increasing risk of several human chronic diseases. Simple lipid reduction leads to poor taste of food, which cannot be accepted by consumers. Rational design of food O/W emulsion structure to inhibit lipid digestion is considered to be an effective way to maintain diet healthy without reducing sensory quality. Proteins are amphiphilic and polysaccharides have unique rheological properties, which play key roles in the formation and stability of multiphase systems. Recent years, global scholars intend to rationally design protein-polysaccharide multi-scale composite interfaces to improve the functional properties and inhibit lipid digestion of emulsions. In this article, we review the published papers on the effect of protein-polysaccharide multi-scale composite interface on lipid digestibility of emulsion during 2015–2021. The inhibition of protein-polysaccharide based emulsion gel interface on lipid digestion of emulsion is extensively provided. However, the effects of protein-polysaccharide multilayer interfaces, protein-polysaccharide particle interfaces and protein-polysaccharide covalent interfaces on the lipid digestion of emulsion are controversial. Further analysis of the published papers found that the ability of the protein-polysaccharide multi-scale composite interfaces to maintain their structural integrity is the key factor affecting lipid digestion of the emulsions. The ability of the oil-water interfaces to maintain its structural integrity in the small intestine is regulated by its interfacial structure. Thus, revealing the regulatory mechanism of the interfacial structure of the emulsions on its structural changes and lipid digestion in the digestive tract is the basis and key to resolve the above controversy. Therefore, further systematic research is needed to fulfill the theoretical system of the rational design of emulsion structure on its lipid digestibility. • Protein-polysaccharide based emulsion gel interface could inhibit lipid digestion. • Effects of protein-polysaccharide multilayer interfaces, particle interfaces and covalent interfaces on the lipid digestion of emulsion are controversial. • The controversy limits the rational design of emulsion structure to control its lipid digestion. • Revealing the regulatory mechanism of the interfacial structure of the emulsions on lipid digestion is the key to resolve the controversy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study a class of discrete-time cyber-physical systems (CPSs) with transmission delays and sparse malicious attacks on both input and output transmission channels, and present design methods for secure observer and controller. First, the states and sparse malicious attacks of the original system are reorganized into the states of the new system obtained by an improved augmentation method (rather than a singular augmentation method). Then, based on the new system, the states and attacks can be reconstructed simultaneously by the designed Luenberger-like observer. Furthermore, a novel dynamic output feedback (DOF) controller is proposed using the estimated values of the attacks, and a cone complementarity linearization (CCL) algorithm is designed to obtain the controller gains. The results show that the closed-loop system is stable in the sense of Lyapunov that both the estimation errors and the original system states will converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. In addition, the correlation results without delay are given. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. • In addition to the sparse attacks that occur in both input and output channels, this paper also considers the transmission delays in both channels. • This paper introduces a multi-delay dynamic output feedback controller that transforms the inherently unstable original system into one that ultimately achieves Lyapunov stability. • In the case without transmission delay, compared with the results in previous researches, the proposed method of designing the observer and controller separately can reduce the difficulty of solving observer gains and controller gains, and enhance the feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conductive cotton fabrics (CCFs) created by facile dip-coating exhibit great potential in smart materials but are limited by the poor stability and durability due to the weak adhesion between the cotton fabric (CF) substrate and the surface conductive coating. In this study, a mussel-inspired adhesive poly(vinyl alcohol)-g-3, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (PVA-DBA) was synthesized to fabricate CCF for strain sensing and temperature sensing purposes. CCF was prepared by soaking CF in PVA-DBA aqueous solution, followed by dip-coating in cellulose nanofiber dispersed carbon nanotube (CNF&CNT) aqueous dispersion. The catechol structure of the PVA-DBA provided strong adhesion between CF and CNF&CNT, facilitating the coating of CNF&CNT onto the surface of CF firmly to generate stable and durable CCF. The CCF exhibited excellent strain sensing performance with gauge factors (GF) of 1.09 and 9.89 for strain ranges of 0–1.5% and 1.5–15%, respectively and response time of 80 ms. The CCF also demonstrated good temperature sensing behavior with a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of −0.317%/°C. Furthermore, the CCF showed stability, repeatability, and durability against various mechanical destructions, such as ultrasonic treatment, tape peeling, and sandpaper abrasion. [Display omitted] • A novel mussel-inspired adhesive enhances stability and durability of conductive cotton fabric (CCF). • The fabricated CCF exhibits impressive strain and temperature sensing performance. • CCF demonstrates exceptional resilience against mechanical destruction, proving its practicality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In East Asia, epidermal growth receptor factor (EGFR) mutations are the most prevalent and important biomarkers for treating patients with advanced lung cancer. However, as L858R doublet mutations are rare, commercially available EGFR tests may yield false-negative results. To determine whether the L858R mutation of the L858R-K860I and L858R-L861F doublet mutations could be identified using different types of EGFR detection tests and to describe the clinical response of patients with lung cancer with L858R doublet mutations to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Information and samples from four patients with L858R doublet mutations, including three with L858R-K860I and one with L858R-L861F, were retrospectively collected from the archives of our department. For each case, the clinical response to EGFR-TKI was retrieved from the medical records. Archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks were subjected to Sanger sequencing, the cobas and Idylla EGFR tests, the IntelliPlex-LCP-DNA assay, and AmoyDx PLC panel. L858R mutations were all detected by Sanger sequencing and the Idylla EGFR test but missed by the cobas assay. The AmoyDx PLC detected L858R only in cases with L858R-K860I while the IntelliPlex-LCP-DNA assay detected L858R in the case with L858R-L861F. Additionally, three of the patients, who had measurable tumors, showed partial responses to afatinib and osimertinib. The L858R mutation associated with L858R-K860I and L858R-L861F doublet mutations could be detected using Idylla but not cobas EGFR tests. Using next-generation sequencing analysis should be considered after initial negative reports from the cobas test, because patients with L858R doublet mutations may benefit from EGFR-TKIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractional relaxation-oscillation equation (FROE) is an important physical model describing oscillators. Its numerical solution method has profound theoretical significance and application value. In this paper, we use a non-singularity kernel Volterra integral equation of block-by-block method and construct a block-by-block numerical scheme based on Lagrange basis function interpolation. The analysis proves the stability and convergence of the block-by-block method. Error analysis shows that the convergence order is at least 4 which significantly improves calculation accuracy. Through the error comparison, the error of block-by-block method in this paper is significantly lower than that prediction-correction(P-C) method, which overcomes the shortcomings of the existing methods of low accuracy in solving FROE. Both theoretical analysis and numerical experiments show the high accuracy and effectiveness of the block-by-block numerical scheme, which shows that the method in this paper is efficient and feasible to solve the FROE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the doping amount of Eu 2 O 3 on the densification behaviour of magnesium aluminate spinel (MAS) and its corrosion resistance to aluminium electrolyte were studied. The relative density, phase composition, micro morphology and hardness of the sintered samples were characterised by Archimedes' drainage method, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and automatic micro Vickers hardness tester. Results showed that the doping of Eu 2 O 3 was conducive to the densification of MgAl 2 O 4. When the content of Eu 2 O 3 was 3 wt.%, the relative density of MAS was the largest (99.32%), the microstructure was more compact and the hardness was the largest (2293.4 kgf/mm2). The MAS sample with 3 wt.% Eu 2 O 3 had the best corrosion resistance to aluminium electrolyte, and the corrosion depth was 80.99 μm. It was speculated that the electrolyte may penetrate into the sample through the micropores, and the fluoride salt chemically reacted with MgAl 2 O 4 to form Al 2 O 3 , NaF and MgF 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, frequent extreme cold spells have led to fluctuations in water temperature. As poikilotherm, fish adapt to the environmental temperature through a series of physiological and metabolic regulation. Silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) is an economical marine fish, a potential candidate for aquaculture. To investigate the impact of cold stress and subsequent rewarming on the energy metabolism of silver pomfret, we simulated an extreme cold spell by gradually lowering water temperature from 18 °C to 6 °C, followed by a gradual rise to 12 °C. The findings revealed notable trends: as the water temperature dropped to 12 °C, there was a significant increase in fatty acid content. However, upon reaching 6 °C, the condition factor (CF) decreased, accompanied by a reduction in liver mass. During the rewarming phase, severe tissue damage was observed in both muscle and liver tissues, alongside elevated AST and ALT activity. Besides, silver pomfret consumed stored fatty acids, CF, hepatosomatic index and n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio were higher than other groups once the water temperature returned to 12 °C. Further transcriptome sequencing of the liver revealed significant enrichment in numerous metabolism-related pathways through KEGG and GO analyses. Ten differentially expressed genes (DEGs), encoding pivotal enzymes in lipid metabolism, were identified from pathways such as the PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid degradation. Based on these results, it was hypothesized that silver pomfret shields against injury by modulating fatty acid composition. This hypothesis found validation in P. argenteus liver cells, where acsl 1, cpt 1 and cpt 2 were identified to facilitate lipid activation and transportation. Knocking down acsl 1 impacted the utilization of lipid droplets, further affirming this mechanism. This study sheds light on the adaptive strategies of economically significant fish species in confronting extreme cold spells, providing valuable insights for future reference. [Display omitted] • Extreme climate events including La Niña, abnormal cold winter and cold spells occurred frequently in the past few years, affected marine ecosystems and fisheries. • We adjusted water temperature by cooling and rewarming to simulate cold spells, and investigated the effects of cold spells on the economic fish by detecting various indicators of silver pomfret. • Growth index, biochemical detection, histological observation, transcriptome sequencing, and cell-level validation were employed to clarify the lipid metabolism of silver pomfret response to cold stress and rewarming. • Silver pomfret stored fatty acids in the initial cooling process, fatty acids utilization lagged behind temperature changes. Drastic changes in temperature can damage the liver, rewarming process was even more serious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein 8 (PvMSP8) is a promising candidate target for the development of multi-component vaccines. Therefore, determining the genetic variation pattern of Pvmsp8 is essential in providing a reference for the rational design of the P. vivax malaria vaccines. This study delves into the genetic characteristics of the Pvmsp8 gene, specifically focusing on samples from the China-Myanmar border (CMB) region, and contrasts these findings with broader global patterns. The study uncovers that Pvmsp8 exhibits a notable level of conservation across different populations, with limited polymorphisms and relatively low nucleotide diversity (0.00023–0.00120). This conservation contrasts starkly with the high polymorphisms found in other P. vivax antigens such as Pvmsp1. A total of 25 haplotypes and 14 amino acid mutation sites were identified in the global populations, and all mutation sites were confined to non-functional regions. The study also notes that most CMB Pvmsp8 haplotypes are shared among Burmese, Cambodian, Thai, and Vietnamese populations, indicating less geographical variance, but differ notably from those found in Pacific island regions or the Panama. The findings underscore the importance of considering regional genetic diversity in P. vivax when developing targeted malaria vaccines. Non departure from neutral evolution were found by Tajima's D test, however, statistically significant differences were observed between the kn/ks rates. The study's findings are crucial in understanding the evolution and population structure of the Pvmsp8 gene, particularly during regional malaria elimination efforts. The highly conserved nature of Pvmsp8 , combined with the lack of mutations in its functional domain, presents it as a promising candidate for developing a broad and effective P. vivax vaccine. This research thus lays a foundation for the rational development of multivalent malaria vaccines targeting this genetically stable antigen. • Pvmsp8 shows very limited genetic diversity among global isolates. • Natural selection analysis indicates deviation from natural evolution might be acted on the gene. • The gene lacks geographic distinctiveness within the GMS region. • The gene holds promise as an excellent and universal candidate molecule for a malaria vaccine in the GMS region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues related to microstructure and its effects on functional properties of electroceramics become increasingly prominent with the progressive downscaling of electronics. In this study, temperature-dependent dielectric and impedance data of BaTiO 3 (BT), Sr-doped BT (BST) and layer-structured BaBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (BBTO) ceramics are systematically investigated to reveal the effects of doping and perovskite layering on the dielectric relaxation and conduction processes at high temperatures. By using complex impedance spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that the ceramics are electrically heterogeneous structures displaying a non-ideal Debye-like behavior at high temperatures. Using a suitable equivalent circuit model, the impedance diagrams at different temperatures are simulated and the refined values of macroscopic resistance and capacitance are used for the identification and characterization of particular microstructural regions (grains, grain boundaries, interfaces, etc.). The approach of combining the impedance, electric modulus and permittivity formalisms is demonstrated to be effective in explaining the peculiarities of the electrical charge transport mechanism and relaxation in the grains, grain boundaries and interface layers of the ceramics. • Electrical response of ferroelectric ceramics is described by the impedance, electric modulus and permittivity formalisms. • Band transport dominates long-range (non-localized) DC conduction in grains and grain boundaries. • Short-range transport occurs predominantly at interfaces through thermally activated hopping. • Sr-doping and perovskite layering reduce activation energies for the band conduction and dielectric relaxation. • Hopping mechanism is responsible for AC conductivity and low-frequency Maxwell-Wagner-type relaxation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignin, as an abundant natural aromatic biopolymer, has a complex structure and poor solubility in most solvents, making it difficult to achieve high-value applications and becoming the largest "natural waste". In this work, two novel ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs) consisting of choline chloride (ChCl)/lactic acid (LA) with ethylene glycol (EG) or γ-valerolactone (GVL) were designed for separating lignin from waste wheat straw. Results showed that the delignification efficiency of wheat straw treated with two ternary DESs (ChCl-LA-EG and ChCl-LA-GVL) was twice as high as that treated with ChCl-LA under mild conditions (90 °C, 4 h). The highest delignification efficiency of 83.12% was achieved by ChCl-LA-GVL treatment at 130 °C for 4 h. Moreover, ternary DESs extracted lignin exhibited lower molecular weight, better homogeneity, and remarkably higher antioxidant activities than that extracted from ChCl-LA. Furthermore, ternary DESs extracted lignin had more S units and inhibited the destruction of the lignin substructure at high temperature. Compared with ChCl-LA treatment, cellulose fiber treated with ChCl-LA-EG and ChCl-LA-GVL had less active sites, lower total surface energy, and more alkaline (electron donor) adsorption sites on cellulose fiber surface. Theory calculations further confirm that the addition of EG and GVL changes the hydrogen bond strength and electrostatic potential of the ChCl-LA system, thus promoting the separation of lignin. These results provide new insights for understanding the mechanism of lignin dissolution in DESs and for the design of advanced DESs for lignocellulosic biomass separation and valorization. [Display omitted] • Two ternary ChCl-LA-EG and ChCl-LA-GVL DES are designed. • The structural characteristics of DES regenerated lignin are investigated. • The microstructure of fiber after lignin removal is analyzed. • The addition of EG and GV changed the intermolecular interactions of DES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common ocular fundus disease in diabetic patients. Chronic hyperglycemia not only promotes the development of diabetes and its complications, but also aggravates the occurrence of senescence. Previous studies have shown that DR is associated with senescence, but the specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, we first detected the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and cellular senescence level of db/db mouse retinas by bulk RNA sequencing. Then, we used single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) to identify the main cell types in the retina and analyzed the DEGs in each cluster. We demonstrated that p53 expression was significantly increased in retinal endothelial cell cluster of db/db mice. Inhibition of p53 can reduce the expression of SA-β-Gal and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in HRMECs. Finally, we found that p53 can promote FoxO3a ubiquitination and degradation by increasing the expression of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2L6. Overall, our results demonstrate that p53 can accelerate the senescence process of endothelial cells and aggravate the development of DR. These data reveal new targets and insights that may be used to treat DR. • The expression of p53 was upregulated in the retina of db/db mice. • Retinal aging in db/db mice was significantly earlier than that in normal C57BL/6J mice. • Inhibiting p53 alleviates endothelial cell senescence. • p53 promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of FoxO3a through UBE2L6 and aggravates endothelial cell senescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethanol extracts of propolis-egg white protein (EEP-EWP) composite gels were prepared through thermal induction to investigate the impact of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) addition on the physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, chemical forces and rheological properties of the composite gel. The results demonstrated that the composite gel containing 6% EEP exhibited a more compact and smooth microstructure, along with remarkable hardness (414.05 g) and water holding capacity (96.5%). Compared to the EWP gel, the hardness increased by 2.65 times and water holding capacity increased by 17.45%. Upon adding EEP, both energy storage modulus G′ and apparent viscosity initially increased before decreasing; β-sheet and β-turn content showed an initial increase followed by a decrease; however, α-helix and random coil content decreased initially before increasing again. Notably during gel formation, there was a significant increase in electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic groups, and disulfide bonds with subsequent decrease as EEP addition amounts increased (p < 0.05). This study expands the application range of propolis in novel gels while facilitating their development and utilization in low-fat or innovative functional products. [Display omitted] • Ethanol extract of propolis-egg white protein composite gel were prepared by thermal induction. • The composite gel with 6% ethanol extract of propolis had the best gel performance. • Ethanol extract of propolis can enhance electrostatic actions, hydrophobic bonds and disulfide bonds between egg white protein molecules. • Ethanolic extract of propolis can increase the β-sheets of egg white protein molecules while reducing random curls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic cutaneous wounds present a significant challenge for healthcare providers globally, with the risk of bacterial infections emerging as a particularly concerning issue. There is an increasing need to employ a combination of diverse antibacterial strategies to address infections comprehensively in chronic wounds. This study introduces a highly efficient antibacterial platform that encapsulates the NO precursor (BNN6) into β-cyclodextrin-modified hemin-bearing polydopamine nanoparticles called NO/CHPDA. These nanoparticles are seamlessly integrated into a hydrogel composite comprised of L-arginine grafted chitosan (Arg-CS) and oxide dextrans (oDex). The amalgamation of photothermal therapy (PTT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and nitric oxide (NO) antibacterial strategies within the NO/CHPDA@Arg-CS/oDex nanocomposite hydrogel demonstrates a synergistic and highly effective capacity to eradicate bacteria and accelerate the wound healing process in vivo. Remarkably, this nanocomposite hydrogel maintains excellent biocompatibility and induces minimal side effects. The resulting nanocomposite hydrogel represents a promising therapeutic solution for treating bacterial infections in wound healing applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-throughput detection of large-scale samples is the foundation for rapidly accessing massive metabolic data in precision medicine. Machine learning is a powerful tool for uncovering valuable information hidden within massive data. In this work, we achieved the extraction of a single fingerprinting of 1 μL serum within 5 s through a high-throughput detection platform based on functionalized nanoparticles. We quickly obtained over a thousand serum metabolic fingerprintings (SMFs) including those of individuals with Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. Combining four classical machine learning models and enrichment analysis, we attempted to extract and confirm useful information behind these SMFs. Based on all fingerprint signals, all four models achieved area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.983–1. In particular, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model obtained value of 1 in both the discovery and validation sets. Fortunately, we identified six significant metabolic features, all of which can greatly contribute to the monitoring of HP infection, with AUC values ranging from 0.906 to 0.985. The combination of these six significant metabolic features can enable the precise monitoring of HP infection in serum, with over 95 % of accuracy, specificity and sensitivity. The OPLS-DA model displayed optimal performance and the corresponding scatter plot visualized the clear distinction between HP and HC. Interestingly, they exhibit a consistent reduction trend compared to healthy controls, prompting us to explore the possible metabolic pathways and potential mechanism. This work demonstrates the potential alliance between high-throughput detection and machine learning, advancing their application in precision medicine. We realize the extraction of thousand serum metabolic fingerprints (SMFs) through a high-throughput detection platform based on functionalized nanoparticles. We identify six significant metabolic features which can achieve the precise monitoring of HP infection with over 95 % of accuracy, specificity and sensitivity. [Display omitted] • High-throughput metabolic fingerprints extraction by functionalized nanoparticle-assisted LDI-MS. • Machine learning was applied to reveal metabolite differences for disease monitoring. • Six potential metabolites were identified for HP infection monitoring with >95 % accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct air capture (DAC) technology plays a crucial role in mitigating the effects of global warming by capturing carbon dioxide (CO 2) directly from the atmosphere. A significant technical challenge for DAC is its high thermal energy consumption, which results in an unacceptable overall cost (600 $ t CO 2 – 1). The combination of a high-temperature heat pump (HTHP) and DAC system offers a substantial reduction in thermal energy consumption, decreased reliance on renewable energy sources, and enhanced DAC system flexibility. This study presents three distinct thermal integration strategies that combine an HTHP with solid adsorbent-based DAC and verifies their effectiveness in reducing energy consumption and CO 2 emissions compared to a traditional DAC system. Among them, the deeply integrated DAC-HTHP system (I-DAC) exploits low-grade adsorption heat and waste heat, providing direct heating and cooling energy to the DAC system via refrigerant condensation and evaporation processes. Simulation results indicate that the I-DAC system achieves an extremely low operating energy consumption of 2.77 GJ t CO 2 – 1 , representing a 69.5% reduction than traditional DAC under the same conditions. Consequently, the I-DAC offers a cost-effective (32.0–46.2 $ t CO 2 – 1) negative emission solution. We also demonstrate that the I-DAC is promising for wide application in cities to recycle waste heat and remove CO 2 from the air. The comprehensive implementation of the I-DAC in 105 cities could yield a net annual productivity of 980 MtCO 2. • Proposed a deeply thermal integrated DAC system (I-DAC) with waste heat recovery heat pump. • I-DAC achieved a 69.5% reduction in specific energy consumption compared to base-DAC. • I-DAC offers a cost-effective and scalable negative emission solution for climate change mitigation. • Successful implementation of I-DAC in 105 cities could yield a net annual capture capacity of 980 MtCO 2 by 2050. • Highlights the potential of I-DAC to recycle waste heat and remove CO 2 from the air, with policy implications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Single crystal La2Ti2O7 shows ferroelectric switching. • Its MW and THz properties along one single direction were characterized. • Decrease in permittivity with frequency is due to relaxation of domain walls. New generation wireless communication systems require characterisations of dielectric permittivity and loss tangent at microwave and terahertz bands. La 2 Ti 2 O 7 is a candidate material for microwave application. However, all the reported microwave dielectric data are average value from different directions of a single crystal, which could not reflect its anisotropic nature due to the layered crystal structure. Its dielectric properties at the microwave and terahertz bands in a single crystallographic direction have rarely been reported. In this work, a single crystal ferroelectric La 2 Ti 2 O 7 was prepared by floating zone method and its dielectric properties were characterized from 1 kHz to 1 THz along one single direction. The decrease in dielectric permittivity with increasing frequency is related to dielectric relaxation from radio frequency to microwave then to terahertz band. The capability of characterizing anisotropic dielectric properties of a single crystal in this work opens the feasibility for its microwave and terahertz applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An attempt is made to model the three-dimensional global structures and temporal variations of the ionospheric electron density (Ne) using the radio occultation (RO) Ne profile data obtained by the COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3, CHAMP and GRACE missions during the period from July 2006 to June 2017. The modeling technique we adopted is based on the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the RO Ne dataset which is binned with grids of 2.5° in geomagnetic latitudes and 1/3 hr in geomagnetic local time (equivalent to 5° in geomagnetic longitudes) and 10 km in height. The EOF analysis decomposed the binned (gridded) Ne dataset into a series of eigen modes or basis functions (E i) representing the variations with geomagnetic latitude, geomagnetic local time as well as height and the associated EOF amplitude coefficients (A i) representing the variations with seasons as well as solar cycle activity. Our results showed that the EOF components (E i , A i) obtained by the EOF decomposition have different three-dimensional spatial structures with distinct features attributable to different factors or processes controlling the variations of the ionosphere: the first EOF component represents mainly the global mean structure of Ne and its temporal variation with seasons and solar cycle activity; the second EOF component represents mainly the seasonal control of the solar zenith angle on the ionosphere; the third EOF component is representative of the uplifting or lowering of the peak height where Ne reaches its maximum value; the fourth and fifth EOF components represent respectively the variations of the thickness of the ionosphere in the southern and northern hemispheres. It is found that the obtained eigen series converges quickly, with the first five EOF components contributing as high as 98% of the variances of the Ne dataset. We then modeled the EOF coefficients A i obtained by the EOF decomposition using the harmonic functions representing the annual and semi-annual variations, with the solar cycle dependences being taken into account by including the changes of the harmonic amplitudes with the solar irradiance flux index F10.7. The Ne model is constructed using the A i thus modeled and E i obtained by the EOF decomposition. Comparison between the Ne model output results and the COSMIC-2 observational data showed that the modeled results capture well the global structures of the observational data and the model output results have very high linear correlation coefficients with the observational ones (R > 0.9), justifying the modeling technique used in our present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel mechanism of standpipe vibration of CFB boiler was proposed, which was also proven in engineering. • The influence of several factors on standpipe vibration of CFB boiler was analyzed by calculation. • Engineering solutions to the standpipe vibration of CFB boiler were proposed, especially for large-capacity CFB boiler. Standpipe vibration of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler will threaten its safe and stable operation. In order to solve the standpipe vibration, the mechanism of standpipe vibration was discovered based on the type B choking theory in the CFB system and the Ledinegg instability criteria for the gas-liquid flow. And the influence of several factors on the gas-solid flow, especially the reverse flow in the standpipe, was qualitatively analyzed according to the pressure and mass balance in the whole loop. The standpipe vibration is caused by the mismatch between the driving pressure and the resistance pressure drop in the whole loop. To suppress the standpipe vibration, it is necessary to optimize the flow and pressure parameters under stable working conditions, which can be achieved by four main methods of reducing the resistance of the returning valve and cyclone, increasing the circulating rate and the solid height in the standpipe. In engineering application, these four methods can be realized by appropriately increasing the aerated air velocity and the sectional area ratio between the riser and the standpipe, reducing the length of the passage and the height of the weir, increasing the effective material fraction and the inlet area of the cyclone. This paper theoretically analyzes the mechanism of standpipe vibration and proposes corresponding engineering solutions to guide the operation and design of CFB boilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetrahydrocurcumin-hyaluronic acid (THC-HA) conjugate was synthesized in order to improve the bioaccessibility of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC). The successful conjugation was confirmed by the results from 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Bioaccessibility enhancement from the THC-HA conjugate compared to the free crystalline THC suspension was demonstrated by the results from ex vivo Franz diffusion cell using small intestine from porcine and in vitro TNO dynamic gastrointestinal model-1 (TIM-1). Additionally, in vitro release was studied, and the integrity of the conjugate in both simulated gastric and intestinal conditions was found to maintain for up to 4 h. Mucoadhesive assay and rheological results indicated that the mucoadhesive property of THC-HA, in combination with the aqueous solubility enhancement, might contribute to the increased bioaccessibility. This study provides a promising approach to enhance the bioaccessibility of tetrahydrocurcumin through the innovative conjugation with hyaluronic acid. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the increasing obesity prevalence among adults, the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is becoming a common health concern in our modern life. The identification and exploration of dietary compounds against MetS is an attractive strategy for functional food development. Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), abundantly existing in the citrus peels, possess a broad spectrum of bioactivities, including neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, anti-arteriolosclerosis, and others. Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of circadian clock and gut microbiota on metabolic homeostasis maintained by PMFs. This review summarizes recent discoveries for PMFs' role on MetS. The metabolic homeostasis in vivo is regulated by the crosstalk of central nervous system and multiple peripheral organs. The signal pathways of PMFs against MetS in specific organs/cell models are discussed. The anti-inflammation of PMFs is considered as the fundamental for their bioactivities against MetS. PMFs show beneficial effect to modulate MetS, including improving clock dysfunction, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Even though multiple signaling pathways have been explored, the interorgan communication axis needs further investigation. This review would strengthen the mechanistic understanding of PMFs' health benefits and provide scientific support for functional food development. • Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) abundantly exist in citrus peels. • PMFs regulate metabolic homeostasis by coordinating multi-organ signals. • The anti-inflammation of PMFs is the fundamental for their bioactivities. • PMFs benefit for clock dysfunction, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity & CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we developed a novel composites of alginate hydrogel and hollow silica microspheres microsphere (SA@SiO 2) for drug delivery, in which a protective silicon shell encloses the alginate hydrogel to form a core–shell structure. Research results showed that the drug delivery system has broad-spectrum controlled-release performance for different types of molecules, and the controlled-release time can exceed 40 h. [Display omitted] • A novel kind of alginate hydrogel microspheres with a protective silicon shell were prepared. • This composite core–shell hydrogel microspheres (SA@SiO 2) showed broad-spectrum controlled-release performance for different types of molecules with satisfied drug roading rate. • The controlled-release time of the SA@SiO 2 composites can exceed 40 h. Sodium alginate hydrogel has been widely used in the field of controlled-release. In this paper, in order to prevent the negative effect of fast degradation and explosive release of pure sodium alginate hydrogel in the drug delivery process, we developed a novel alginate hydrogel supported by hollow silica microsphere for drug delivery. Briefly, the drugs were fused with sodium alginate and the hollow silica microspheres followed by ion crosslinking to form a composite hydrogel microsphere with a core–shell structure (SA@SiO 2). The structure and morphology of the composite hydrogel were characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) along with fluorescence microscope. On this basis, using three different types of organic compounds (rhodamine B, Indocyanine green and salicylic acid) as model molecules, the controlled-release performance of the SA@SiO 2 microspheres were investigated in detail. The research results show that the drug delivery system has broad-spectrum controlled-release performance for different types of molecules, and the controlled-release time can exceed 40 h. At the same time, the pH- responsive property of the sodium alginate hydrogel endows the delivery system with a certain targeting function. This study provides a new strategy for constructing an efficient targeted drug controlled-release system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An online-offline coupled rumor propagation model incorporating the higher-order group interactions and the social adaptation is proposed. • Both the online and offline network layers integrate the higher-order group interactions via simplicial complexes. • Individuals' macroscopic attitudes toward rumors are represented as superposition states of positive and negative attitudes via quantum cellular automata. • Mean-field theory is used to derive the basic regeneration number, the rumor-free equilibrium, and the rumor-prevalence equilibrium. With the development of the Internet, the influence of rumors is more widespread. Studying the propagation law of rumors is an effective way to reduce the damage of rumors. We therefore propose a new two-layer rumor propagation model, which simultaneously introduces simplicial complexes into the online and offline network layers and considers the social adaptation of individuals. We derive the basic regeneration number, the rumor-free equilibrium, and the rumor-prevalence equilibrium using mean-field theory, and verify their accuracy through extensive computer simulations. The results show that the inclusion of higher-order interactions in both layers leads to richer dynamical phenomena. Specifically, higher-order interactions lead to bistable states, discontinuous transitions, and the coexistence of multiple rumor-prevalence equilibria, and increasing the infection parameter within a certain range reduces the outbreak size of rumors in another layer. In addition, a higher speed and degree of social adaptation, a stronger strength of coupled propagation enhancement effect, and a weaker strength of coupled recovery enhancement effect significantly increase the spread speed and size of rumors. Finally, we present and analyze two intervention strategies: improving public media literacy and building a truth space. We find that both intervention strategies can reduce the spread size and speed of rumors, but the synergy of two intervention strategies is more effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The synergistic effect of Co and Ni enhances the electrochemical performance of MOF materials. • The morphology is changed by adjusting the atomic ratio of Co to Ni. • The prepared Co/Ni-MOF has electrochemical sensing and OER dual function. • The prepared Co/Ni-MOF material has high sensitivity and good stability. In recent years, the demand for economical multifunctional materials has increased significantly. In this paper, Co/Ni-based bimetallic-organic frameworks (Co/Ni-MOFs) materials were prepared, which showed good electrochemical recognition and oxygen evolution bifunctional activity in alkaline environment. The electrochemical test showed that the response time of the material to glucose was less than 3 s, the sensitivity was 2.0826 μAmM−1 cm−2, and the detection limit was 8.84 μM. The material also exhibits a good overpotential of 410 mV at a current density of 100 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 451 mV dec−1. The results show that Co/Ni-MOFs can be used as an electrocatalyst for electrochemical sensors and water splitting reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a promising strategy was established to regulate the coordination environment of Bi active sites through metal atom doping. Interestingly, the doped Co in BiO quantum dots (QDs) are atomically dispersed in the second coordination shell, and can promote the hybridization and redistribution of atomic orbitals, thus improving the interaction with C 2p orbital in CO 2 molecules. The Co single atom located at the secondary coordination shell changes the work function of BiO QDs, thereby facilitating the transfer of photogenerated electrons from Co to Bi active sites, and thus more long-lived electrons can take part in the CO 2 reduction reaction. Additionally, the free energy calculations demonstrate that the existence of Co single atoms in secondary coordination environment is conducive to reduce the formation energy barriers as well as boost the stability of the intermediate *COOH, thus promoting the catalytic performance towards CO 2 reduction. [Display omitted] • For the first time Co single atom act as the coordination atom in secondary coordination environment. • Co single atoms contribute electrons to neighboring Bi atoms, thus increasing the electron density of Bi active sites. • The adsorption and activation capacity of CO 2 molecules at Bi active sites are improved. • The stability of intermediate *COOH has been greatly improved during the catalytic reaction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new type of resilient concrete walls that consists of fiber reinforced aggregate concrete (SRAC) and weakly bonded ultra-high strength bars (UHSBs) was proposed. • Hysteresis response and damage evolution process of resilient walls were explored and analysed. • A calculated method for simply calculation skeleton curves were proposed considering reinforcement slip was proposed and evaluated. • Hysteresis model for predicting hysteretic loops of test walls were presented. This paper proposed a new type of resilient concrete wall consisting of steel fiber reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (SRAC) and weakly bonded ultra-high strength bars (UHSBs). Five specimens were fabricated and tested under reversed cyclic lateral force and constant axial load to investigate the seismic performance of the proposed resilient SRAC walls. Experimental parameters included the presence of steel fibers, the concrete strength, the volumetric ratio of the stirrup used in the boundary elements, and the axial load ratio. All test walls exhibited a stable increase of lateral resistance up to 2% drift ratio, while residual drift ratios were only about one-tenth of the transient drift ratios. Test results also indicated that adding steel fibers and increasing concrete strength could mitigate the development of cracks while increasing axial load could delay the development of UHSBs tensile strain and cracks. In addition, the residual drift ratios and corresponding design objectives, as recommended in FEMA 356 and previous studies, were introduced to evaluate the resilience of the proposed SRAC walls. All test specimens could meet the optimal performance design objective. Parallel to the experimental work, a method for simply calculating the skeleton curve and a model to evaluate the hysteretic loops of the proposed walls are presented. The calculated skeleton curves and hysteretic circles agreed well with the test results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Accurate circuit model for SACM Ge/Si Single Photon Avalanche Diodes. • Key model parameters extracted from 2D device simulation of planar Ge/Si SPAD. • SPAD circuit model implemented in Verilog-A HDL. • Circuit model compatible with commercial circuit simulator. Ge/Si single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) have benefits of low after-pulsing probability, low-cost and compatibility with CMOS electronics compared to InGaAs/InP counterpart, thus presenting great potentials for imaging and optical quantum applications in short-wave infrared (SWIR). In this work, an equivalent circuit model mimicking the behavior of pseudo-planar Ge/Si SPAD is constructed to provide accurate electronic information for the co-design of front-end circuit. The DC properties are modelled by nonlinear resistors, voltage-controlled switches and voltage sources, and the AC characteristics are emulated by junction and stray capacitances. To accurately evaluate the statistical behavior, thermal excitation and trap-assisted tunneling are incorporated in the built SPAD circuit models, where three-level traps are adopted to effectively fit the after-pulsing probability. The key model parameters such as electric field profile, breakdown voltage and avalanche triggering probability, are extracted from 2D device simulation. The developed Ge/Si SPAD circuit model implemented in Verilog-A hardware description language (HDL) with a gated passive quenching/reset architecture is validated by circuit simulation platform. The simulation results are in good agreement with the previously reported measurement data, demonstrating the effectiveness and accuracy of our Ge/Si SPAD circuit model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A series of Zr-MOCs with different functional groups were synthesized. • Zr-MOCs exhibit efficient adsorption for MO and RhB. • ZrT-1 exhibits the most excellent adsorption ability for MO and RhB. • The mechanism of dye adsorption was investigated in detail. The adsorption of organic dyes from wastewater is an efficient approach to reduce dye pollution for water resources and land. Herein, a series of zirconium-based metal-organic cages (Zr-MOCs) with different functional groups, ZrT-1, ZrT-1-Br, ZrT-1-NH 2 and ZrT-1-OH, were synthesized by solvothermal that can be applied to remove methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine B (RhB). The adsorption kinetics of Zr-MOCs was fitted well by pseudo-second-order. ZrT-1 exhibits the most excellent adsorption ability for MO and RhB compared with the other Zr-MOCs due to the highest pore volume. Interestingly, Zr-MOCs can remove both anionic dye (MO) and cationic dye (RhB) due to the synergistic interplay between pore volume, electrostatic interaction, π-π interaction and hydrogen bonding. The adsorption behaviors of MO and RhB on ZrT-1 are suitable to the Langmuir model that belong to the monolayer adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacities for MO and RhB towards ZrT-1 are 190 mg/g and 227 mg/g at 25 °C, pH=7 and the initial dye concentration of 80 mg/L, respectively. A series of zirconium-based metal-organic cages with different functional groups were synthesized and exhibit efficient adsorption for MO and RhB. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have established an assay that relies on aptamer and isothermal amplification for the tetrodotoxin (TTX)detection. The method uses triple cycle amplification (strand displacement amplification combined with catalytic hairpin assembly) and fluorescent reporter as an output signal. Free TTX and cDNA compete for binding to aptamer-modified magnetic beads. The cDNA collected by magnetic separation then used as a primer to trigger triple cycle amplification to obtain more ssDNA. The ssDNA combined with the reporter probe, and the original quenched fluorescence can be recovered. In addition, a linear relationship between fluorescence spectrum and different target concentrations is revealed. This method allows TTX to be detected by fluorometry with a detection limit as low as 0.265 pg mL−1. It was applied to clams and shellfish, achieving recoveries ranging from 100% to 107.33% and 99.67%–116.67%, respectively. The results were consistent with the commercial TTX ELISA kit. This assay is highly sensitive, reliable and has a good specificity. Therefore, it provides a better alternative to the standard method for quantitative detection of TTX. • This study firstly uses strand displacement amplification and catalytic hairpin assembly with fluorescence reporter to detect TTX toxin, achieving signal amplification to obtain a lower limit of detection. • The combination of the triple circle amplification with the fluorescence reporter provides a more convincing experimental validation. • This work provided a new idea for the detection of TTX, which is more convenient and faster than the traditional method. • This approach provided a broader perspective on the establishment of rapid food safety testing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel sensitive assay was established by using strand displacement amplification (SDA) and DNA G-quadruplex with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) for the detection of patulin (PAT) toxin. The complementary DNA (cDNA) of the aptamer and PAT competed for binding to aptamer-modified magnetic beads. The cDNA was obtained by magnetic separation and used as a primer in SDA to produce a large amount of G-base single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). They can form the G-quadruplex to be combined with the AIE of TTAPE dye, which features a special combination of G-quadruplex that amplify the fluorescent signals. This work can reach a lower detection limit of 0.042 pg mL−1 with a wide linear range of 0.001–100 ng mL−1 for PAT detection than other methods. The results also showed good recoveries of 97.8%–104% and 101.7%–105.3% in spiked apple and grape juices, respectively. The assay used for the detection of PAT exhibits high sensitivity and good specificity. It also provides a stable and reliable platform for detecting other small-molecule toxins. Image 1 • This study firstly uses strand displacement amplification and DNA G-quadruplex with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) to detect small-molecule patulin toxin, achieving signal amplification to obtain a lower limit of detection. • The AIE material provides a more convincing experimental validation. Compared with general fluorescent dyes, the combination effect is better and the sensitivity is higher. • This work provided a new idea for the detection of mycotoxins, which is more convenient and faster than the traditional method. • This approach provided a broader perspective on the establishment of rapid food safety testing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The particle-wall collision behavior for non-spherical particles has significant effects on gas-solid separation, which is important in mechanical, energy and other industries. Particle-wall collision experiments of spherical and non-spherical glass particles with polished and rough walls were conducted. The collision velocities were measured by high-speed photography, and the effects of particle sphericity and wall roughness were analyzed. The results show for large impact angles α 1 , the restitution coefficient e is independent of α 1 and increases with increasing particle diameter. For the non-spherical particles or the rough wall, e increases when α 1 is small and the friction coefficient f increases with decreasing α 1. The non-spherical particles have smaller e , and larger f for small α 1. The rough wall has smaller e for large α 1 but greater dependence of e on α 1 , resulting in larger e instead for α 1 → 20°. Under sliding condition, f increases with increasing wall roughness or decreasing particle diameter. Unlabelled Image • Non-spherical particle-wall collisions were experimentally investigated. • Restitution and friction coefficients as functions of impact angle were acquired. • Restitution coefficients of non-spherical particles are smaller. • Friction coefficients of non-spherical particles are larger in sliding conditions. • Rough wall's restitution coefficient is more dependent on the impact angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emphasis of this study lies in that we present a novel fluorescence scanning approach to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Fritillaria ussuriensis polysaccharide-zinc (FUP-Zn) complex. FUP was extracted successfully, and the corresponding FUP-Zn complexes with different substitution degrees were obtained after modified chemically with ZnCl 2. The physiochemical characteristics of the as-prepared samples were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrum, thermo gravimetric-differential thermal analyses and etc. , and these characterization results confirmed the successful synthesis of FUP-Zn complexes with good stability. The scavenging ability investigation of FUP-Zn complexes towards hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals carried out by us has revealed that the integration of FUP and Zn greatly enhanced the antioxidant activity due to the synergistic effect and larger pore size of FUP-Zn complexes, and the antioxidant activity of FUP-Zn complex with different substitution degrees is heavily dependent on the amount of Zn. This study indeed provides vital theoretical basis for the promising antioxidant and zinc supplement evaluation from more novel polysaccharide-zinc complexes with suited Zn amount. • The antioxidant activities of FUP-Zn- n complexes towards •OH and O 2 −• were evaluated by a new fluorescent scanning method. • Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim polysaccharide-zinc (FUP-Zn- n) complexes with distinct Zn contents were prepared for the first time. • The structural and morphological characterizations of FUP-Zn- n complexes were performed in detail using various methods. • The underlying antioxidant mechanism of FUP-Zn- n complexes was elaborated in vitro. • FUP-Zn- n complexes could be applied as potential candidate for next generation antioxidant and zinc supplement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common clinical disease with complicated clinical process and harmful effects on pregnant women and fetus. The purpose of this study is to use the convenient urine samples in combination with glucose levels to detect or predict GDM. In this study, urine samples of non-pregnant women, normal pregnant women and GDM patients were collected. The peptides in urine were enriched by weak cationic exchange magnetic beads (MB-WCX) and analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). 46 polypeptide peaks with statistical difference (P < 0.01) were screened out by using Bioexplorer analysis software. The level of molecules with mass-to-charge ratio of 1079.2, 1290.6 and 1500.7 was higher in the GDM group than the other two groups. Through the analysis of differential molecules by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS), the above molecules were identified as coagulation factor IX, TBC1 family member 5 isoform a [Homo sapiens] (TBC1D5a) and immunoglobulin kappa constant. The discovery of polypeptides provides the research basis for further primary screening and assistant diagnosis of GDM through urine samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inhibitory control (IC) model proposes that language control plays an important role in suppressing cross-language interference within a bilingual individual's cross-language output. However, it may also play a role in dynamic interactive communication. Accordingly, the current study used the electroencephalogram (EEG) to simultaneously record neural oscillations from 13 paired unbalanced Chinese-English bilinguals during cooperative picture-naming in either first language (L1) or second language (L2) according to cues. We found that the speaker and listener achieved synchronization by inhibiting interference from the nontarget language (cross-language interference) and partner (interpersonal interference) through language control. Furthermore, the more the language control resources were used, the higher the level of neural synchronization. These findings indicate that language control is associated with neural synchronization of cross-language communication. Altogether, the IC model should highlight the role of language control in inhibiting not only cross-language interference but also interpersonal interference during dynamic cross-language communication. • Cross-language communication is a joint activity. • Language control affects synchronization of cross-language communication. • The Inhibitory Control model should supplement the role of language control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] 7-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for neuroprotective properties. We summarized the preliminary structure activity relationships (SAR). Compound 3i was screened as a hit compound and its antidepressant activity was evaluated by employing the forced swimming test, tail suspension test. Additionally, ADMET profile (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity properties) of the compound 3i was predicted in order to evaluate their lead-like properties and safety. The interaction of compound 3i bound to MAO-A was explored using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Results of biological studies revealed that the compound 3i exhibited almost equal antidepressant activity compared with magnoflorine. Compound 3i is predicted to possess good drug like properties and safety based on ADMET profile predictions. This work provides ideas for the drugs discovery of antidepressant agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The bicyclometalated iridium(III) complexes bearing 2,4-diphenylquinoline with fluorinated picolinates and methoxy picolinates as ancillary ligands were synthesized, and the effects of substituent groups at the ancillary ligands on the photophysical and electrochemiluminescent properties of the cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes were also investigated. The cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with methoxy picolinates were obtained by a tandem reaction under a mild condition. All these complexes display the intense orange phosphorescence with the peak wavelengths at 586–600 nm. It is significant to note that the 6-position substitution of picolinates reduces the stability of the cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes, and the luminous and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) efficiency is accordingly reduced. Electrochemical testing suggested that the low oxidation potential could be beneficial to improve ECL efficiency. Moreover, the electron-donating methoxy group may result in the increase of photoluminescence (PL) and ECL efficiencies of the iridium(III) complexes, whereas the electron-withdrawing fluorine groups may lead to reducing of both PL and ECL efficiencies. Especially, the ECL intensity of the cyclometalated iridium(III) complex with 3,5-dimethoxy picolinate is ca. 11 times higher than that of the typical [Ru(bpy) 3 ]2+(bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine).The ECL intensity of complex MeOIr4 is 11 times higher than that of the typical [Ru(bpy)3]2+. Graphical abstract The ECL intensity of complex MeOIr4 is 11 times higher than that of the typical [Ru(bpy) 3 ]2+. Image 1 Highlights • Eight new bicyclometalated iridium(III) complexes bearing fluorinated and methoxyl picolinates were synthesized. • These complexes with methoxyl picolinates were obtained by a tandem reaction under a mild condition. • The structure-property relationship in these complexes had been revealed. • The ECL intensity of complex MeOIr4 is 11 times higher than that of the typical [Ru(bpy) 3 ]2+. • These complexes produce the similar orange luminescence as [Ru(bpy) 3 ]2 +. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Multiscale geometrical model of 3D braided composite was established. • Thermal behavior and surface crack of epoxy resin after ageing were characterized. • Impact fracture behaviors were compared after different ageing time. • Ageing mechanisms were analyzed at multiscale geometrical levels. Abstract Fracture behaviors of thermo-oxidative aged 3D braided composites are significantly affected by interfacial weakening and matrix degradation. Here we report the impact fracture behaviors of three-dimensional four direction (3D4d) and five directional (3D5d) braided composites under thermo-oxidative conditions. Specimens were exposed at hot air (180°C) for 2, 4, 8 and 16 days, respectively. The oxidation-induced crack widths in aged specimen surface were observed and analyzed. The impact fracture behaviors and damage evolutions of braided specimens were recorded with high-speed camera. Based on the test results, we established a multi-scale finite element analyses (FEA) model to reveal interface failure, stress distribution and energy absorption of virgin and aged specimens at microstructure level. The impact fracture behaviors of both different braided composites continuously decreased with increasing ageing time. The matrix degradation and interfacial weakening are main degradation mechanisms. In addition, the FEA results show that the impact fracture properties significantly depend on the braided structures. The braided preform is the main energy absorption component and the axial yarns contribute the highest energy absorption capacity. With the insertion of axial yarns, the 3D5d braided composites exhibit a better fracture resistance after thermo-oxidative ageing. Graphical abstract Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Detailed field test data of 330 MW CFB boiler was introduced. • Mechanism of bed pressure deviation of 330 MW CFB boiler was analysed. • The impact of gas velocity deviation on bottom bed was validated with experiment. • The bed pressure deviation could be weakened with uniform air distribution. The bed inventory overturn in pant-leg CFB boilers and bed pressure wave in single air distributor CFB boilers were the two well-known non-uniformity problems in large scale CFB boilers. However, a special gas solid flow non-uniformity problem, bed pressure deviation, occurred in a single air distributor 330 MW CFB boiler. The bed pressure in one side was 2 kPa constantly higher than that in the other side and lasted for a long time, resulting to the local over temperature and endangering the boiler performance. Mechanism analysis showed that the primary air temperature deviation caused the serious primary air rate deviation, further forming a stable solid concentration deviation in the bottom bed and bed pressure deviation, which was totally different from above two non-uniformity problems. The similar phenomenon was replicated in a laboratory CFB test rig, validating the gas velocity deviation had a serious effect on the bed pressure deviation. To solve the problem, solutions, like increase the primary air ratio, were put forward. To solve the primary air non-uniform distribution, further study on optimizing air chamber and air distributor is urgent, so that other large scale CFB boilers can avoid such a problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract While the power plant units are the developing towards larger capacity, the relative shortage in thermal efficiency of the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler unit, which has obtained significant development in recent years, is becoming more and more apparent. However, the thermal efficiency computational model applied for different CFB boiler units are not derived yet. Based on Generalized Energy Efficiency Distribution Matrix (GEEDM) model which is designed for normal pulverized coal boiler units, this paper innovatively built a computational model of cycle efficiency for CFB boiler units. Moreover, the mathematical influences of main local influencing factors like terminal difference, extraction steam pressure loss, heat loss, drained water cooling insufficient, steam desuperheater, shaft seal leakage of steam turbine and connection schemes of ash cooler to this model were further proposed to strengthen its industrial applications. In the meanwhile, the detailed thermodynamic analysis of a 660 MW ultra-supercritical unit in China was studied to provide some optimized design and operation suggestions. Particularly, for this unit, an optimized connection scheme of the ash cooler, a core component in the CFB boiler to reclaim physical heat in the bottom ash, was selected from 20 different connection schemes. Highlights • Propose a mathematical model of cycle efficiency for the CFB boiler units. • Detailed thermal analysis of a 660 MW ultra-supercritical boiler unit. • Provide some optimized suggestions to this unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Hierarchically porous molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3) electrocatalyst is controllably synthesized by the facile hydrothermal method with the assistance of soft template (polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide, P123). The as-prepared porous MoO 3 material works as a highly efficient and bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen and hydrogen evolution. In oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the porous MoO 3 electrode shows an overpotential reduction of 52 mV compared with precious RuO 2 , which is also superior to that of commercial MoO 3. Besides, the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) of porous MoO 3 (2.8 cm2) which is three times higher than that of commercial MoO 3 (0.8 cm2). For hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), porous MoO 3 electrode exhibits a reduction of 113 mV overpotential at −10 mA cm−2 compared with commercial MoO 3. Furthermore, the ECSA value of porous MoO 3 (1.4 cm2) is four times higher than that of commercial MoO 3 (0.3 cm2). The bifunctional MoO 3 material displays Tafel slopes of 0.44 and 0.75 times for OER and HER than those of commercial MoO 3. Besides, bifunctional MoO 3 material exhibits high durability for both reactions in 24 h. Highlights • Bifunctional porous MoO 3 material is controllably synthesized. • Hierarchically porous MoO 3 catalyst efficient for both OER and HER. • It shows much lower overpotential in OER than that of commercial RuO 2 and MoO 3. • Porous MoO 3 shows a smaller Tafel slope than that of commercial MoO 3 in HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]