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Predicting people’s next location has attracted the attention of both scientists and large Internet companies, for a variety of reasons. The analysis of location data collected from smart mobile devices paves the way for the improvement of current location based services and the rise of new business models, based on rich notifications related to the right prediction of users’ next location. Moreover, the so-called attention technique has been adopted in neural networks learning, aiming at considering alignments between different parts of the source training data. This article proposes the model Move, Attend and Predict (MAP) to predict a person’s future location based on his/her mobility pattern collected by a mobile device. This is achieved by means of a computationally efficient trainable deep neural network model. Our model essentially learns which time interval in the trajectory sequences are relevant regarding a specific location. In order to extract the meaningful representation from trajectories and time sequences, the embedding representation learning technique is used. Experimental results, obtained from tests conducted on two large real-life datasets, demonstrate that our model outperforms state-of-the-art models in terms of precision, recall and F1-score performance metrics.

Location-Based Services (LBSs) provide users especially in smartphones with information and services based on their location and interests. Predicting people’s next location could help in improving the quality of such services and, in turn, boosting people’s confidence on those services. Any successful LBS algorithm or model should target three major goals: Location prediction accuracy, high throughput or fast response and efficiency in terms of utilizing smartphone resources. This paper proposes a new approach to discover and predict people’s next location based on their mobility patterns, while being computationally efficient. The approach starts by discovering Regions-of-Interest (RoIs) in people’s historical trajectories (which denote the locations where users have been previously, frequently). A new model based on Markov Chain (MC) is proposed to overcome the drawback of classical MC. Our proposed model considers both space and time contexts where the space represents a specific location that has been visited by a user while the time represents the location visiting time. We show how classical MC model can be extended to include movement times and how time will improve prediction accuracy. One unique finding in our research is related to the value of integrating users’ mobility location/space with time context. In particular, time context is formulated in a way to add extra information to the space context. For better abstraction during building the model, a general transformation function is used to transform the n -order MC into first order. Results show that the proposed approach provides significant improvements in predicting people’s next location compared with the state-of-the-art models when applied on two large real-life datasets, GeoLife and Gowalla.

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria for the 1-propanol + 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([emim [DCA] binary system and for the 1-propanol + water + [emim] [DCA] ternary system have been obtained at 100 kPa using a recirculating still. The electrolyte nonrandom two-liquid (e-NRTL) model was used for fitting successfully the experimental data. The effect of [emim][DCA] on the 1-propanol + water system has been compared with that produced by other ionic liquids reported in the literature. From the results, [emim][DCA] appears as a potential entrainer for the extractive distillation of this solvent mixture, causing the azeotrope to disappear at 100 kPa when the ionic liquid mole fraction is greater than 0.33.

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria for the binary systems 2-propanol + water, 2-propanol + 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([emim][DCA]), and water + [emim][DCA] as well as the vapor–liquid equilibria for the 2-propanol + water + [emim][DCA] ternary system have been obtained at 100 kPa using a recirculating still. The electrolyte nonrandom two-liquid (e-NRTL) model was used for fitting successfully the experimental data. The effect of [emim][DCA] on the 2-propanol + water system has been compared with that produced by other ionic liquids reported in the literature. From the results, [emim][DCA] appears as a good entrainer for the extractive distillation of this solvent mixture, causing the azeotrope to disappear at 100 kPa when the ionic liquid mole fraction is greater than 0.085.

Densities, speeds of sound, viscosities and refractive indices of two binary systems 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [bmim][BF4] + methanol and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [emim][BF4] + methanol, as well as of all pure components, have been measured covering the whole range of compositions at T = (278.15 to 318.15) K and p = 101 kPa. From this data, excess molar volumes, excess isentropic compressibilities, viscosity deviations and refractive index deviations were calculated and fitted to extended versions of the Redlich–Kister equation. Estimated coefficients of these equations taking into account the dependence on composition and temperature simultaneously were also presented.

Mas alla de los resultados de los ensayos clinicos (RE-LY, ROCKET-AF, ARISTOTLE y ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48), que se comentan mas adelante, la aparicion de los nuevos anticoagulantes orales (NACO) ha supuesto un gran avance en la prevencion de las complicaciones tromboembolicas en el paciente con fibrilacion auricular (FA) no valvular con respecto al tratamiento estandar, los antagonistas de la vitamina K (warfarina y acenocumarol). Los NACO (dabigatran, rivaroxaban y apixaban estan actualmente disponibles en la practica clinica y edoxaban probablemente lo estara) superan en gran medida las desventajas que clasicamente se habian asociado a los antagonistas de la vitamina K (estrecha ventana terapeutica, respuesta variable, multiples interacciones con los alimentos y otros farmacos, y comienzo y final de accion lentos). Las consecuencias mas inmediatas y evidentes de estas limitaciones son la necesidad de realizar controles periodicos y continuos ajustes de dosis, ademas de restricciones en la alimentacion y tener un cuidado exquisito con la medicacion concomitante que se prescribe. Como consecuencia de todo ello, la calidad de vida de los pacientes se ve limitada en gran medida. Pero lo mas importante es que, ademas, hace que muchos pacientes con FA que tienen indicacion clara de anticoagulacion no la esten recibiendo. Es mas, incluso entre los pacientes anticoagulados con antagonistas de la vitamina K, aproximadamente un 35–40% tiene mal control habitual de la razon normalizada internacional (INR) en Espana, con las consecuencias nefastas que esto puede tener en cuanto al riesgo tanto de ictus como de sangrados. Los NACO, al tener una amplia ventana terapeutica, una respuesta anticoagulante predecible, sin interferencias con los alimentos, y muy escasas interacciones con otros farmacos, permiten una anticoagulacion constante y previsible, sin necesidad de monitorizacion periodica de la respuesta anticoagulante ni de ajustes de dosis repetitivos.

Resumen La fibrilacion auricular es la arritmia cardiaca mas frecuente en la practica clinica diaria. Ademas de las alteraciones hemodinamicas que ocasiona —consecuencia de la perdida de la contraccion auricular y la frecuencia cardiaca habitualmente elevada, que pueden causar la aparicion de insuficiencia cardiaca—, el principal riesgo de la fibrilacion auricular es que la estasis circulatoria en la auricula cause una embolia arterial. Se sabe que la fibrilacion auricular se asocia a un marcado aumento del riesgo de accidentes tromboembolicos arteriales, asociados a elevadas mortalidad y morbilidad y alto riesgo de recurrencia. Esta demostrado que el tratamiento antitrombotico con anticoagulantes orales se asocia a un drastico descenso del riesgo de accidentes tromboembolicos. Sin embargo, los anticoagulantes orales incrementan significativamente el riesgo de hemorragias mayores, de las que es especialmente devastadora la hemorragia intracraneal. Por lo tanto, al iniciar el tratamiento anticoagulante de un paciente con fibrilacion auricular, resulta imprescindible valorar adecuadamente el beneficio/riesgo del tratamiento segun sus caracteristicas clinicas. Multiples estudios han mostrado una serie de variables que determinan los riesgos emboligeno y de sangrado asociados al tratamiento anticoagulante, y con base en ellas se han desarrollado diversos sistemas de estratificacion para calcular el riesgo de embolia secundaria a la fibrilacion auricular y el riesgo de hemorragia relacionado con el tratamiento antitrombotico. En la practica clinica diaria, la aplicacion de estas escalas de riesgo es de gran ayuda para elegir la mejor alternativa terapeutica para un paciente concreto.

Resumen La fibrilacion auricular es una arritmia que se caracteriza por la contraccion de las fibras auriculares de modo caotico e impredecible. Esta disincronia origina la perdida funcional de contractilidad. Por ello, se favorece la coagulacion intraauricular y, consecuentemente, se aumenta la probabilidad de sufrir un ictus por tromboembolia. Es bien conocido que esta arritmia aumenta la mortalidad y la morbilidad. Por lo tanto, su prevencion y manejo son de gran importancia tanto para los pacientes como para el sistema sanitario. Este articulo analiza los datos epidemiologicos de la fibrilacion auricular en Espana.

Resumen La fibrilacion auricular es una arritmia que aumenta la probabilidad de sufrir un ictus por tromboembolia. Por ello, el control apropiado de la coagulacion debe prevenir tanto estos efectos tromboembolicos como las complicaciones hemorragicas derivadas del tratamiento anticoagulante. Se dispone ya de los datos clinicos de fase III con el nuevo anticoagulante oral dabigatran. Los efectos de dos dosis (110 mg/12 h y 150 mg/12 h) de este farmaco se compararon con los de warfarina (estudio RE-LY). En este articulo se exponen los resultados principales de ese ensayo clinico. Los resultados indican que el farmaco en dosis de 110 mg/12 h es equivalente a la warfarina respecto a la eficacia y superior en cuanto a la seguridad. La dosis de 150 mg/12 h es mas eficaz que la warfarina para la prevencion de tromboembolias, con una seguridad parecida a la de la warfarina. Asi pues, dabigatran es una alternativa al tratamiento con warfarina.

Background Some healthcare facilities lack professionals qualified to interpret electrocardiograms. We aimed to assess the usefulness of transtelephonic electrocardiography in combination with patients' clinical histories in the diagnosis and management of patients with acute chest pain in out-of-hospital healthcare facilities with personnel without expertise in cardiology or electrocardiography. Methods Data from 506 consecutive patients (53.9 ± 16.2 years old) referred from 55 healthcare facilities without professionals specialized in cardiology or electrocardiography form the basis of analysis. Patients were classified into 2 groups according to the results of transtelephonic electrocardiography: (A) patients without electrocardiographic abnormalities (n = 445) and (B) patients who presented abnormalities suggesting a cardiac origin (n = 61) of the chest pain. The presence of risk factors was evaluated by multivariate analysis. Results The following risk factors were independent predictors of electrocardiographic abnormalities: male gender (P = .006), diabetes mellitus (P = .0001), and dyslipidemia (P = .001). The multivariate analysis yielded a high degree of specificity (99.6%). Follow-up visits confirmed the noncardiac origin of pain in 432 patients (97%) in group A and the cardiac origin of pain in 59 patients (97%) in group B. Conclusions Transtelephonic electrocardiography combined with awareness of the risk factors of patients presenting with chest pain is useful for the diagnostic management of these patients in health care facilities without the means to interpret electrocardiograms.

Debido a la elevada prevalencia de la enfermedad arterial periferica (EAP), que con frecuencia es asintomatica, y sus graves repercusiones pronosticas, se recomienda la criba diagnostica de los pacientes con alto riesgo de sufrirla: a) pacientes de edad > 70 anos; b) pacientes de 50-69 anos con historia de tabaquismo o diabetes mellitus; c) pacientes de 40-49 anos con diabetes mellitus y al menos otro factor de riesgo de arteriosclerosis; d) sintomas compatibles con claudicacion al esfuerzo o dolor isquemico en reposo; e) pulsos anormales en las extremidades inferiores; f) enfermedad arteriosclerosa en otros territorios, o g) pacientes con un score de Framingham entre el 10 y el 20%. Tanto la anamnesis como la exploracion fisica tienen un valor para el diagnostico de la enfermedad limitado porque, aunque son muy especificos, su sensibilidad es muy baja. Existen multiples pruebas diagnosticas para valorar la presencia y la severidad de la enfermedad vascular periferica, entre las que cabe destacar el indice tobillo-brazo, las determinaciones de la presion segmentarias, los estudios de ecografia-Doppler y la angiografia mediante resonancia megnetica, tomografia computarizada o de sustraccion digital. En la actualidad se considera que el indice tobillo-brazo es el metodo no invasivo que presenta mejor rendimiento diagnostico, ya que se trata de una prueba incruenta, facil de realizar a la cabecera del paciente y con una elevada sensibilidad (superior al 90%).

Location-based services (LBS) will be a keystone of the new information society that is founded on the information and communications technologies (ICTs). Mobile devices such as cell phones or laptops have become ubiquitous. They are equipped with a variety of localisation systems that make them proper for making use of the new LBS. Most of the times, these services are provided by a trusted company (e.g. a telecommunications company). However, the massive use of mobile devices pave the way for the creation of ad hoc wireless networks that can be used to exchange information based on locations. When the exchange of location information is done amongst untrusted parties, the privacy of the participants could be in jeopardy. In this paper we present a novel solution that guarantees the privacy of the users of LBS. Our technique is built up of several modules that progressively increase the privacy level of the users. Unlike the existing approaches, our proposal does not rely on a trusted third party (TTP) to anonymise the users and to guarantee their location privacy.

The fast growth of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) implies a deployment challenge, namely how to keep this technology scalable without renouncing security and privacy features. This paper focuses on combining tag privacy and scalability using the hash locks mechanism. Our contribution is twofold: (i) a cell-based architecture is proposed in which the readers co-operate in order to conduct tag identification in a private and scalable way; (ii) a communication protocol for the proposed architecture is defined and assessed. The proposed architecture and protocol solve the scalability shortcomings of private RFID identification pointed out by Juels and Weis.

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria for the ternary system acetone + methanol + lithium nitrate have been measured at 100 kPa using a recirculating still. The addition of lithium nitrate to the solvent mixture produced an important salting-out effect and the azeotrope tended to disappear for small contents of salt. The experimental data sets were fitted with the electrolyte NRTL model and the parameters of the Mock's model were estimated. These parameters were used to predict the ternary vapor–liquid equilibrium which agreed well with the experimental one.

Densities of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsulfate ([bmim][OcOSO3]) solutions in water and 1-propanol have been measured with an oscillating-tube densimeter at temperatures from 278.15 K to 328.15 K. From these densities, apparent molar volumes Vϕ of [bmim][OcOSO3] in both solvents have been calculated, and its dependence on the molality has been treated with the Redlich and Meyer equation. Debye–Huckel limiting slopes for 1-propanol at working temperatures have been calculated, and apparent molar volumes of [bmim][OcOSO3] at infinite dilution V ϕ ∘ in both solvents have been evaluated. The partial molar volume at infinite dilution of [bmim][OcOSO3] in water is higher than in 1-propanol and augments when the temperature augments. On the other hand, the partial molar volume at infinite dilution of [bmim][OcOSO3] in 1-propanol decreases when the temperature augments.

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria for the ternary system 1-propanol + water + copper(II) chloride has been measured at 100 kPa using a recirculating still. The addition of copper(II) chloride to the solvent mixture produced a salting-out effect of the alcohol, but the azeotrope did not tend to be eliminated when the salt content increased. The experimental data sets were fitted with the electrolyte NRTL model and the parameters of Mock's model were estimated. This model has proved to be suitable to represent experimental data in the entire range of compositions. The effect of copper(II) chloride on the vapor–liquid equilibrium of the 1-propanol + water system has been compared with that produced by other salts.

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria for the ternary system 1-propanol+water+lithium chloride has been measured at 100 kPa using a recirculating still. The addition of lithium chloride to the solvent mixture produced an important salting-out effect over the alcohol and the azeotrope tended to be eliminated when the salt content increased, and two immiscible liquid phases were observed in a broad range of salt concentration. The experimental data sets were fitted with the electrolyte NRTL model and the parameters of Mock et al.’s model were estimated. This model has proved to be suitable to represent experimental data in the entire range of compositions. The effect of lithium chloride on the vapor–liquid equilibrium of the propanol+water system has been compared with that produced by other salts.

Those innovating in onshore and offshore winds, as well as solar power, can now better demonstrate a product's impact on the cost of energy using a new free online tool from KIC InnoEnergy, explains the company's Chief Technical Officer for Renewable Energies, Antoni Martinez.

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria for the binary systems 1-propanol+lithium nitrate and water+lithium nitrate and the ternary system 1-propanol+water+lithium nitrate have been measured at 100 kPa using a recirculating still. The addition of lithium nitrate to the solvent mixture produced an important salting-out effect and the azeotrope tends to disappear when the salt content increases. The two experimental binary data sets were independently fitted with the electrolyte NRTL model and the parameters of Mock’s model were estimated for each binary system. These parameters were used to predict the ternary vapor–liquid equilibrium using the same model and the values so obtained agreed well with the experimental ones.

Densities of 1-propanol+water+lithium chloride mixtures have been measured with an oscillating-tube densimeter over a large range of concentrations of the salt and 1-propanol at 288.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K. From these densities, apparent molar volumes of lithium chloride in 1-propanol+water mixtures have been calculated for each temperature, and apparent molar volumes at infinite dilution have been evaluated. An empirical correlation for partial molar volumes of lithium chloride in 1-propanol+water mixtures with solvent composition and temperature has been derived.

En los dos ultimos anos se han publicado dos documentos relevantes relacionados con lahipertension arterial. El primero, de la Sociedad Internacional de Hipertension y Sociedad Europea de Hipertension: Practical solutions to the challenges of uncontrolled hypertension: a white paper. El segundo, Hipertension Arterial y politica de salud en Espana, recoge una Conferencia de Consenso de 23 sociedades cientificas, organizaciones profesionales, Administracion sanitaria y pacientes. En el primero, se hace una llamada urgente para mejorar el continuado fracaso en el control de la hipertension; en la conclusion seexpone textualmente: ‘‘En la critica situacion actual menos de una tercera parte de los pacientes en Europa consigue un control aceptable de la presion arterial. Esto es inexcusable y no puede continuar. El coste de la inaccion o de la accion ineficaz es demasiado alto para los pacientes, sus familias y la sociedad’’. En el segundo, despues de analizar la magnitud del problema y sus consecuencias, se insta al reconocimiento de la hipertension arterial como un problema de salud publica, elabora propuestas para mejorar la situacion y manifiesta: ‘‘es hora de movilizarse a fin de progresar en el manejo del problema de salud publica que representa la hipertension arterial’’. No vamos a repetir la descripcion del problema, ni insistiremos en la gravedad de las consecuencias que estan clara y largamente detalladas en estos documentos. En este articulo proponemos una invitacion a la reflexion sobre algunosaspectos que anuestro parecerpueden tener cierto interes. Desde los ultimos cuarenta anos hemos visto permanecer estancadas, decada tras decada, dos grandes cuestiones

The paper focuses on the main trends of the technology behind the present wind energy applications. The technology characteristics and main challenges are analysed. The important links between political decisions and the development to date of wind turbines signal a direction for forecasting future tendencies and the possible technical characteristics of future turbines.

The aim of this study was to extract and combine non-invasive risk parameters from the signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) and heart rate variability (HRV) based on 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography to optimize the prognostic value for arrhythmic events after acute myocardial infarction. A prospective series of 553 men < 66 years of age enrolled in the Post-Infarction Late Potential study were analyzed. Within 2 to 4 weeks after acute myocardial infarction, all patients underwent SAECG and 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography before hospital discharge. During 6 months of followup, 25 patients (4.5%) experienced arrhythmic events (sustained ventricular tachycardia, n = 11; ventricular fibrillation, n = 7; sudden cardiac death, n = 7). The predictive power of SAECG and HRV parameters was assessed using a Cox proportional-hazards model. In HRV analysis, the most significant differences between patients with and without arrhythmic events were observed for the beat-to-beat parameter root-meansquare of successive RR differences [RMSSD]): 25.7 +/- 16.9 ms in patients with arrhythmic events versus 34.1 +/- 18.6 ms in patients free of arrhythmic events (p = 0.004). Time domain analysis of the SAECG showed the QRS duration to be most significantly different in both patient groups: 106.4 +/- 18.7 ms (arrhythmic events) versus 95.3 +/- 18.7 ms (no arrhythmic events) (p = 0.001). Based on the Cox regression model, RMSSD and QRS duration were demonstrated to be independent significant risk factors (regression coefficient for QRS duration: cq = 0.014 +/- 0.006 ms(-1), p = 0.014; for RMSSD: cr = -0.041 +/- 0.016 ms(-1), p = 0.009). Based on the regression coefficients, an analytic risk model was developed describing the arrhythmic risk as a function of QRS duration, RMSSD, and time after infarction. We conclude that the combination of beat-to-beat changes of heart rate measured by RMSSD and QRS duration from the SAECG enhances noninvasive risk stratification after myocardial infarction.

The effect of sotalol on the rate and the RR interval variability of induced ventricular tachycardia was studied in 26 patients. Sotalol increased the mean cycle length and irregularity of RR intervals, which may affect detection of ventricular tachycardia by implantable cardioverter-defibrillator devices.

Objectives.This study sought to evaluate the prognostic value of wavelet correlation functions of the signal-averaged electrocardiogram (ECG) for arrhythmic events in patients after myocardial infarction.Background.Wavelet transform of the signal-averaged ECG has been shown to be a nonstationary analysis technique describing the time evolution of frequency spectra throughout the QRS complex. To quantify the wavelet transform, we introduced the new concept of the wavelet correlation function.Methods.The relation among wavelet correlation functions, ventricular late potentials and the site of infarction was investigated in 769 men

Objectives. The aim of this study was to analyze the relations between the presence of ventricular conduction delay and the necessary coupling intervals for the induction of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Methods. The electrophysiologic and signal-averaged electrocardiographic (ECG) data from 83 patients with previous myocardial infarction and inducible sustained mononomorphic ventricular tachycardia (n = 71) and ventricular fibrillation (n = 12) were analyzed. Results. The sum of the coupling intervals needed for inducing ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation was 485 ± 59 ms and 387 ± 36 ms, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean difference between the effective refractory period and the second coupling interval for the induction of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation was −3 ± 40 ms and 24 ± 29 ms, respectively (p < 0.02). QRS duration and duration of terminal low amplitude signals of the QRS complex (p < 0.004) were longer in patients with inducible ventricular tachycardia than in patients with inducible ventricular fibrillation. The root mean square of the voltage during the last 40 ms of QRS complex was lower in patients with inducible ventricular tachycardia than in patients with inducible ventricular fibrillation (p < 0.007). Patients with inducible ventricular tachycardia presented with a greater prevalence of ventricular late potentials than that of patients with inducible ventricular fibrillation (p < 0.007). For arrhythmia induction, significantly shorter coupling intervals were necessary in patients without than in patients with ventricular late potentials. A positive correlation was found between the cycle length of the induced ventricular tachycardia and the filtered QRS duration as well as with the sum of the coupling intervals. Conclusions. Induction of ventricular fibrillation requires shorter coupling intervals than does induction of ventricular tachycardia. The presence of ventricular conduction delay seems to be a marker of facilitated induction of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia rather than of ventricular fibrillation. The coupling intervals required to induce ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation are longer in patients with than in those without an abnormal signal-averaged ECG.

A 73-year-old woman with dilated cardiomyopathy presented with heart failure. The ECG showed sinus rhythm with left bundle branch block, left-axis deviation and prolonged QRS duration and frequent ventricular premature complexes from the left ventricular septal wall were present. Ventricular premature beats had narrower QRS duration than sinus node beats conducted through the His-purkinje fibers consistent with resynchronizing beats. The mechanisms of narrowing of the QRS complex produced by premature beats in cases of impaired intra and interventricular conduction are discussed.