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Public opinion is a valuable source for evaluating the performance of transportation services, which can guide management and policy adjustment. In contrast to traditional surveying methods, which are often inefficient and high-cost, social media has become a popular channel to collect public opinion due to its large data volume and accessibility characteristics. However, existing research lack efficient methods to extract and interpret Twitter data for transportation services evaluation. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive framework that enables high-efficient extraction and analysis of public opinions on transportation services from Twitter. The transportation system of Miami-Dade County is chosen as the case study to describe the framework development and validation process. First, Twitter data in a defined area over a certain period are collected and preprocessed to clean erroneous and redundant information. Then, the Twitter data that relate to personal opinions on transportation services (POTS) are filtered hieratically using text classification models trained by manually labeled dataset. Next, timeline analysis using Post Intensity (PI) and Average Sentiment Value (ASV) is implemented on the selected Twitter data to explore the public perceptions towards the transportation-related events. Topic modeling and tokenization techniques are also adopted to extract relevant semantic content needed for data analysis. Significantly, the developed framework can improve the efficiency of Twitter data extraction and analysis. Many manual steps are involved in the development process of the framework while can be avoided when generalized to other applications. The framework can be used as a tool for stakeholders to enable a holistic understanding of public opinions on transportation services and increase the degree of public participation in transportation management.

Chitinases play an important role in the process of chitin bioavailability. In this study, we cloned a new chitinase gene and characterized its recombinant protein. The new 1251 bp gene of chitinase (ChiT-7) was cloned from the metagenome of the mangrove tidal flat soil in the city of Zhangzhou in Fujian Province (China) by genome walking. The gene encoded a mature protein with 381 amino acids, which manifested certain sequence similarity (59% identity) to characterized GH18 chitinases. The mature protein of ChiT-7 was successfully expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). After purification, the specific activity of the recombinant enzyme was 0.63 U/mg at the optimal pH of 6.0 and the optimal temperature of 45 °C. The rChiT-7 was active over a wide pH range, and the residual enzyme activity reached 80% or higher at 30 °C–50 °C. rChiT-7 hydrolyzed colloidal chitin with (GlcNAc)2 and GlcNAc as the main final products. Structural analysis of ChiT-7 indicated that ChiT-7 could be a processive chitinase. rChiT-7 manifested characteristics analogous to those of fungi and actinomycetes and exhibited sequence homology.

Effective immunotherapies for patients with glioblastoma (GBM) are urgently needed. Chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (CHI3L1) play important roles in the development of gliomas. However, its role in glioma-related immune responses remains unclear. We aimed to comprehensively investigate its biological features and clinical value in glioma, especially in GBM. Transcriptome, proteome and single-cell RNA-sequencing databases were enrolled in the study. Immunostaining and immunoblotting were performed for validation. CHI3L1 was highly correlated with clinical and molecular features, suggesting that high CHI3L1 expression is more likely to be predicted as malignant entities. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed CHI3L1 closely associated with immune responses and inflammatory activities in GBM. In addition, CHI3L1 also correlated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints. Our study suggests that inhibition of CHI3L1 may help to reduce immunosuppression and overcome immunotherapy resistance, which would be an therapeutic area for the treatment of GBM.

Oxidative stress results in various pathologies and as consequence antioxidant agents have attracted uninterrupted attention. In this paper, a novel series of indole-3-carboxamide derivatives (6a–6l) were designed and synthesized based on the melatonin structure as novel antioxidants. All of them were evaluated for the antioxidant activities in vitro against human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line using H2O2 radical scavenging assay. The target compounds 6a, 6f and 6i indicated better activities than the positive control, ascorbic acid, and 6a exhibited the best antioxidant activity. In addition, the structure-activity relationships of the target compounds were also preliminarily summarized based on the obtained experimental data.

Organic pesticides are one of the main environmental pollutants, and how to reduce their environmental risks is an important issue. In this contribution, we disclose the molecular basis for the resistance of American sloughgrass to aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid pesticides using site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling and then construct an effective screening model. The results indicated that the target-site mutation (Trp-1999-Leu) in acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) can affect the effectiveness of the pesticides (clodinafop, fenoxaprop, cyhalofop, and metamifop), and the plant resistance to fenoxaprop, clodinafop, cyhalofop, and metamifop was found to be 564, 19.5, 10, and 0.19 times, respectively. The established computational models (i.e. wild-type/mutant ACCase models) could be used for rational screening and evaluation of the resistance to pesticides. The resistance induced by target gene mutation can markedly reduce the bioreactivity of the ACCase-clodinafop/fenoxaprop adducts, and the magnitudes are 10 and 102, respectively. Such event will seriously aggravate environmental pollution. However, the biological issue has no distinct effect on cyhalofop (RI＝10), and meanwhile it may markedly increase the bioefficacy of metamifop (RI＝0.19). We could selectively adopt the two chemicals so as to decrease the residual pesticides in the environment. Significantly, research findings from the computational screening models were found to be negatively correlated with the resistance level derived from the bioassay testing, suggesting that the screening models can be used to guide the usage of pesticides. Obviously, this story may shed novel insight on the reduction of environmental risks of pesticides and other organic pollutants.

Organophosphates are chemical pollutants that are existed widely in the environment, but the reactions of these agents with blood proteins are still not fully clarified. The current story was to analyze the static and dynamic interactions between human serum albumin (HSA) and phenthoate and then uncover the impact of the conjugations on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity at the microscopic scale. Experimental results revealed clearly that the bioconjugate of the HSA-phenthoate was yielded and the conformation of HSA can produce autoregulation during the reaction. Dynamic reaction processes suggested that the conformational flexibility of the specific protein domain was changed significantly in equilibrium, and the electrostatic interaction energy played a major role in total energy of the biosystems, which matches the results of wet experiment and molecular docking. We also found that the modes of homologous proteins-phenthoate have obvious distinctions, and this point is related closely to the local dynamic flexibility of biomolecular structures. Additionally, the degree of bioconjugation of the HSA-phenthoate is positively associated with the enzymatic activity of target AChE, which may be attributed to the competitive reactions between HSA and AChE. Evidently, this scenario could provide useful molecular information for the systematic exploration of the toxicokinetics of organophosphorus compounds.

The plastid acetyl coenzyme carboxylase (ACCase) Trp1999Leu mutation was identified in a Beckmannia syzigachne population resistant to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl. The pattern of cross-resistance for the Trp1999Leu mutation is still ambiguous. In this paper, mutant homozygote (1999Leu/Leu, RR) and wild type (1999Trp/Trp, SS) B. syzigachne plants with the same genetic background were purified from the JS-26 population using the dCAPS method. The activity of ACCase in RR and SS was determined. Then, the cross-resistance pattern to ACCase inhibiting herbicides of the Trp1999Leu mutation was determined using the whole-plant method. ACCase activity showed that the Trp1999Leu mutation decreased ACCase sensitivity to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl by 2.73-fold. A dose-response experiment indicated that the Trp1999Leu mutation conferred high resistance to quizalofop-p-ethyl (20.29-fold), metamifop (12.22-fold) and pinoxaden (18.60-fold), moderate resistance to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (8.20-fold) and sethoxydim (6.38-fold), low resistance to cyhalofop-butyl (2.73-fold) and no resistance to clodinafop-propargyl (1.42 fold) and clethodim (1.59-fold). This is the first report of the role of Trp1999Leu in fenoxaprop-p-ethyl resistance and of the patterns of cross-resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in B. syzigachne.

WT1 associated protein (WTAP), playing an important role in several malignancies owing to its complex function in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, is an independent prognostic indicator for pancreatic cancer (PC). However, its specific role and underlying mechanism in PC remain unclear. In the present study, we found that WTAP could promote migration/invasion and suppress chemo-sensitivity to gemcitabine in PC. Further mechanical investigation revealed that WTAP could bind to and stabilize Fak mRNA which in turn activated the Fak-PI3K-AKT and Fak-Src-GRB2-Erk1/2 signaling pathways. In addition, GSK2256098, a specific Fak inhibitor, could reverse WTAP-mediated chemo-resistance to gemcitabine and metastasis in PC. Taken together, Fak inhibitor might be a promising therapeutic option for PC patients with WTAP overexpression.

A novel method based on online cleanup mode combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was established. After an automated sample cleanup system with aqueous gel column, sulfonamides in chicken were detected in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The total run time of the system, which included automated extraction, analytical chromatography and re-equilibration, was within 30 min. Different experimental processes containing extraction, purification, separation, and detection have been evaluated respectively to obtain optimized parameters. The developed method was fully validated and the efficient and superior performance of the developed method was demonstrated. The method produced linear results for all sulfonamides from 1 to 10 ng g−1 with a linearity >0.99. The intra-day precision of the method was

A rapid and sensitive method was developed to determine 131 pesticides in tea by on-line gel permeation chromatography–gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometer (on-line GPC-GC–MS/MS) using graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) sorbent in sample pretreatment. Sample clean-up performance of various functionalized MWCNTs and their influences to recoveries were investigated. In the method validation, good linearity correlation coefficients (R2) were obtained, which were higher than 0.99 for all pesticides. The percent recoveries were 78.2%–113.9% at the spiked concentration levels of 20, 50 and 200 µg/kg with relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 6) lower than 15.8%. Limits of detections (LODs) were in the range of 0.5–5.0 µg/kg. This method is simple and fast with relatively high sensitivity and can achieve the requirements of pesticides analysis.

Background/Objectives Due to its rarity, epidermoid cyst in intrapancreatic accessory spleen (ECIPAS) is still a diagnostic dilemma during clinical practice. The aim of this review was to summarize the epidemiologic features and management of ECIPAS. Methods MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for English articles reporting on ECIPAS up to April 30th, 2018 following the methodology suggested by the PRISMA guidelines. Categorical variables were reported as frequency and percentage. Continuous variables were reported as median (range). Results A total of 56 patients from 47 full articles were included for the final data synthesis. More than half of the ECIPASs (59%) were found incidentally. The female/male ratio was 1.33. ECIPAS is typically a single mono-/multi-lobular cystic lesions in the pancreatic tail with thickened cystic wall or various amount of solid component which had identical density/signal to the spleen on imaging examinations. The cyst is filled with serous or non-serous fluid. Recognition of the surrounding ectopic splenic tissue is the key point to diagnose ECIPAS. However, no preoperative examination was able to make a definite diagnosis. Almost all the patients (96%) received surgical treatment, due to the suspicion of pancreatic malignant or potentially malignant cystic tumor, especially mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN). Conclusions Although seldom encountered, ECIPAS should be considered as a differential diagnosis for pancreatic cystic lesions, especially when solid component was detected. As a benign disease, unnecessary surgery should be avoided. Because it is difficult to make a definite diagnosis preoperatively by one single examination, multiple modalities may be required.

A bimodal gigaporous anion-exchange medium was successfully developed based on hydrophilic gigaporous polystyrene (HGPS) microspheres that prepared previously. After derivatization, the gigaporous structure of HGPS microspheres was well maintained. The presence of flow-through pores in the medium can induce convective flow of mobile phase within microspheres, therefore contributing to high column permeability (3.55×10-10 m2), high dynamic adsorption capacity and high protein resolution at high flow velocities. The mixture of hemoglobin, transferrin and ovalbumin can be baseline separated within 3 minutes at 2529 cm/h. All the results indicate that anion-exchange medium as developed is very promising for large scale high-speed protein chromatography.

The rise of China was closely associated with the strategic opportunity offered by a wave of globalization dating from the 1970s. As China grew, western growth was not restored. Soon after the arrival of the unipolar moment with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the world confronted a succession of crises that western countries struggled to handle and will lead to a shift in the centre of economic gravity to Asia and a multipolar world. In this world in which China's continuing rise was already perceived as a strategic challenge, the COVID-19 pandemic saw further examples of liberal capitalist governance failure. Notwithstanding attempts to preserve western hegemony and a western liberal world order, the COVID-19 pandemic will accelerate and intensify the trends towards a global reset, the arrival of a multipolar world and new global development paths., Highlights • Analysis of the reasons for the conflict between the United States and China, examining productivity growth, productive investment and technology, financialization, international trade and de-dollarization • Analysis of the relative success of liberal and meritocratic governance systems in handing the impacts of COVID-19 and responding to economic crisis • Identifying forces leading to a transformation from a unipolar to a polycentric or multipolar global order. • Identification of the need for international co-operation

There is a trend that traffic unbalance in electric power communication networks is becoming more and more prominent because of the increasing communication demand from the development of the energy Internet. To reduce transmission risk and improve network’s reliability and throughput, it is necessary to optimize the routes of communication services with traffic and risk balance strategies. In this paper, a risk and traffic-based routing algorithm for electric power communication services is proposed. We first establish a risk balance strategy with service importance and link availability, then proposes a traffic balance scheme considering bandwidth on links and traffic-processing capability of nodes. Based on traffic characteristics and service risk, the proposed algorithm considers the traffic flow and risk value of the link synthetically and designs a corresponding routing strategy by introducing the balance factor. Numerical results obtained in a real electric power communication environment demonstrate that the algorithm can reduce both the blocking probability and the service risk simultaneously, which achieves the balance between traffic and risk and obtain the optimal performance of electric power communication network.

LncRNA (long noncoding RNA) is often dysregulated in tumors especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the dysregulation mechanism of lncRNAs is largely unknown. Here, we showed that lncRNA lncAY expression was stimulated in HCC by either endogenous or exogenous sulfatide. Elevated lncAY promoted HCC cell migration or angiogenesis, whereas lncAY silence suppressed HCC cell migration and proliferation. Interestingly, the activity of lncAY gene promoter was enhanced by sulfatide. Then Myb and MEF2C were identified as the transcription factors responsible for the stimulation of lncAY promoter activity and transcription by sulfatide. Both Myb and MEF2C enrichment on lncAY promoter was further confirmed, and their occupancy on lncAY promoter was strengthened by sulfatide for Myb or MEF2C was acetylated. Mutant Myb-K456A exhibited reduced acetylation and weak stimulation for lncAY transcription. However, Myb mutation K456/503A prevented Myb from acetylation induced by sulfatide. The mutant Myb K456/503A further was unable to occupy lncAY promoter and enhance lncAY transcription. In conclusion, this study demonstrated lncAY transcription was abnormally upregulated by sulfatide in HCC through Myb/MEF2C to promote HCC progression.

Pump as turbine (PAT) is one of the economical and effective energy recovery devices in small hydropower stations. A back-curved PAT and a front-curved PAT were designed, and performance characteristics were studied, the accuracy of the numerical calculation was verified by comparing with the experimental results. The entropy generation theory was used to compare performance and energy loss of PATs. The results show that the high efficiency range of front-curved PAT is significantly wider than that of back-curved PAT. Under part-load condition (0.8Qd), design flow condition (1.0Qd) and over-load condition (1.2Qd), the efficiency of the front-curved PAT is 0.6%, 5.9% and 7.9% higher than that of the back-curved PAT, respectively. The energy loss in the PAT impeller mainly comes from the turbulent entropy generation rate which is mainly concentrated on the blade leading edge and trailing edge. Flow separation and flow impact caused by the mismatch between the relative flow angle and the blade setting angle are the main mechanisms of energy loss in impeller. In addition, the loss caused by the wall friction in the front-curved impeller is less than that in the back-curved impeller. Therefore, the entropy generation theory can provide guidance for the performance optimization of PAT.

The observations of atmospheric CO2 mole fraction in urban area in China are relative sparse. Here, we present the first-hand observation of atmospheric CO2 mole fraction from 2016 to 2020 at a city station (Hangzhou, abbreviated as HZ) in the Yangtze River Delta, which is one of the strongest CO2 source regions in China. The CO2 mole fraction at an adjacent World Meteorological Organization / Global Atmospheric Watch (WMO/GAW) programme site (Lin'an, LAN) are also presented and compared. The temporal variations, seasonal variations, and influence of COVID-19 pandemic are analyzed. Our results show that, the variations of CO2 mole fraction in Hangzhou are mainly driven by the local emissions, both atmospheric dilution conditions (i.e., wind speed, visibility) and topography, and the temporal variations are apparently different with the suburb site of LAN, although the distance between the two stations is only 50 km. During the observation period, the CO2 mole fraction at HZ is on average 15.6 ± 0.2 ppm higher than LAN, with two distinct peaks observed at 9:00 and 17:00–18:00, corresponding to traffic rushing hours. The growth rate of atmospheric CO2 mole fraction is 11.2 ± 0.1 ppm yr−1 before the COVID-19 pandemic (from 2016 to 2019), which is much higher than the suburb site of LAN, 5.4 ± 0.1 ppm yr−1. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a plunge of atmospheric CO2 mole fraction at HZ in 2020, with a value of 15.7 ± 0.7 ppm, corresponding to 3.5% lower than the year of 2019. But at LAN, the annual average CO2 mole fraction in 2020 is 1.5 ± 0.5 ppm higher than the previous year, similar to the trend in the northern hemisphere. The different annual CO2 mole fraction growth rate at HZ indicates that the CO2 mole fraction at Hangzhou may be dominated by local anthropogenic emissions, despite the transport of airmass from the north and southwest.

Background As intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS) is rarely encountered during clinical practice, the aim of this review was to summarize the epidemiologic features, the diagnosis and treatment of IPAS. Methods MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for articles reporting on IPAS. Categorical variables were reported as frequency and percentage. Continuous variables were reported as median (range). Results A total of 105 patients were included, of which 73% were detected incidentally. The male/female ratio was 1.23. The size of IPAS in patients who had previously undergone splenectomy was larger than that of patients without prior splenectomy (2.5 cm vs 1.5 cm; p = 0.020). No preoperative examination was able to make a definite diagnosis for all IPASs. More than half of the patients (55%) received surgical treatment, most of which (87%) were suspected as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (p-net) preoperatively. Conclusions Although rare, IPAS should be considered in the differential of patients with suspected incidental p-net, especially if there has been a past history of splenectomy. Preoperative diagnosis is important as unnecessary surgery can be avoided. As it is difficult to make a definite diagnosis of IPAS by one single examination, multiple techniques may be required.

In order to solve the problem of path protection for multicast services and improve the wavelength utilization ratio in substation communication networks (SCN), a p-cycle based protection scheme with cycle multiplexing and capacity balance (PBCM-CB) is presented in this paper to protect the multicast services under single link/node failure scenario. By analyzing the multicast services in SCN, the classical Prim algorithm is improved to generate optimized multicast light-trees corresponding to multicast requests. Based on this, the heuristic p-cycle generation algorithm is designed to connect the destination nodes of the multicast tree to a cycle to protect the entire tree. Aiming to improve utilization efficiency of the protection resource, the multiplexing conditions of the p-cycles are studied, and by multiplexing the existing p-cycles configured in the network, the wavelength utilization ratio is raised. Besides, in order to decrease the blocking probability (BP) of the network, a capacity balance strategy is adopted to generate the multicast trees and p-cycles. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the redundancy and blocking probability of SCN compared with the existing flow p-cycle protection schemes.

This paper presents the experimental results of chloride penetration into Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) subjected to sodium chloride solution coupled with wetting–drying cycles and flexural loading. Detailed chloride profiles were tested by potentiometric titrimeter which show the variation of water-soluble (free) and acid-soluble (total) chloride contents in RAC. For purpose of studying the influence of coarse Recycled Concrete Aggregate (coarse RCA) on the chloride penetration, different replacement of coarse RCA were used by ranging from 0%, 30%, 50%,70% and 100% ratio by weight. Additionally, the effect of mineral admixtures and stress ratio on such penetration was studied. The chloride diffusion coefficient for RAC was calculated by the error function solution to Fick’s second law. The chloride binding capacity of RAC was also analyzed. Finally, X-ray computed tomography (X- CT) was used to estimate chloride transport progress in RAC for the first time. The results show that the chloride profiles in RAC is dependent on the mixtures and the flexural loading applied to the concrete. Coarse RCA induces considerable influence on chloride penetration in concrete. The addition of mineral admixtures makes concrete more compactness hinder chloride ions ingress into interior concrete. The increased magnitude of flexural loading results in higher chloride contents in RAC probably due to micro-cracks generated and extended. The influence of coarse RCA replacement and mineral admixtures on the chloride binding capacity is obvious, but the influence of stress ration is no regularity. The results of X-CT indicate that the solution does not transport through the old attached mortar in coarse RCA.

Three kinds of organic rectorites (ORECs) were prepared by selecting dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (1231), lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (1227) and stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (1831) as organic modifiers to modify Na-REC. Na-REC and ORECs modified asphalts were prepared by using the melting intercalation method. The effect of organic reagents on hydrophilicity of Na-REC was investigated by using hydrophilicity test. The result indicates that 1831-OREC shows the best lipophilicity. Microstructures of Na-REC, ORECs and their modified asphalts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests. Results show that 1831-OREC has the largest interlayer spacing, followed by 1227-OREC. Only 1831-OREC in modified asphalt forms part-exfoliated nanostructure. Effects of ORECs on physical properties, thermal storage stability were studied by penetration, softening point, ductility and viscosity test. It is concluded that introduction of Na-REC and ORECs enhances high temperature property but has the bad effect on low temperature cracking resistance of asphalt. 1831-OREC has the best modification effect on asphalt. Moreover, the 1831-OREC modified asphalt shows the best thermal storage stability. Morphologies of modified asphalts were investigated by atomic force microscope (AFM) test. The result shows that Na-REC and ORECs in asphalt matrix act as nucleators which can contribute to heterogeneous nucleation of asphaltenes.

The main analytical targets of synthetic cannabinoids are often metabolites. With the high number of new psychoactive substances entering the market, suitable workflows are needed for analytical target identification in biological samples. The aims of this study were to identify the main metabolites of the synthetic cannabinoids, AMB-CHMICA and 5C-AKB48, using an in silico-assisted workflow with analytical data acquired using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–(ion mobility spectroscopy)–high resolution–mass spectrometry in data-independent acquisition mode (UHPLC-(IMS)-HR-MSE). The metabolites were identified after incubation with rat and pooled human hepatocytes using UHPLC-HR-MSE, followed by UHPLC-IMS-HR-MSE. Metabolites of AMB-CHMICA and 5C-AKB48 were predicted with Meteor (Lhasa Ltd) and imported to the UNIFI software (Waters). The predicted metabolites were assigned to analytical components supported by the UNIFI in silico fragmentation tool. The main metabolic pathway of AMB-CHMICA was O-demethylation and hydroxylation of the methylhexyl moiety. For 5C-AKB48, the main metabolic pathways were hydroxylation(s) of the adamantyl moiety and oxidative dechlorination with subsequent oxidation to the ω-COOH. The matrix components in the metabolite spectra were reduced with IMS, which improved the accuracy of the spectral interpretation; however, this left fewer fragment ions for assigning sites of metabolism. Meteor was able to predict the majority of the metabolites, with the most notable exception being the oxidative dechlorination and, consequently, all metabolites that underwent that transformation pathway. Oxidative dechlorination of ω-chloroalkanes in humans has not been previously reported in the literature. The postulated metabolites can be used for screening of biological samples, with four-dimensional identification based on retention time, collision cross section, precursor ion, and fragment ions. ispartof: Journal of Chromatography B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences vol:1083 pages:189-197 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: published

With the development of neutron detection technology, the demand for real-time and fast neutron gamma discrimination has become of increasing importance. In this study, neutron and gamma pulse signals measured by an EJ299-33A plastic scintillator detector were analyzed via Matlab off-line. This study compares the effects of seven fast neutron and gamma (n/ γ ) discrimination methods; (i) charge comparison method, (ii) time-domain oriented method, (iii) amplitude oriented method, (iv) pulse time–amplitude two types of width method, (v) angle difference method, (vi) falling-edge numerical integral method, and, lastly, (vii) falling-edge percentage slope method proposed in this study. We verified that filtering and amplitude normalization improve the discrimination quality but consume much time that accounts for 99.6 % of the total discrimination time. The proposed method was compared with other six methods in two aspects: (i) the figure of merit ( F o M ), (ii) the discrimination time. The F o M value and time consumption of the falling-edge percentage slope method with amplitude normalization are 1.26 and 0.0621s, respectively, while an unnormalized F o M value is 1.02. Experimental results showed that compared with all aforementioned methods, the F O M value of our proposed method is the second high followed the charge comparison method, retaining a short discrimination time which is only half of that of the charge comparison method. This relatively short time consuming is on account of its low volume of data storage and calculation. Generally, the falling-edge percentage slope method has a good discrimination performance while consumes little time, which is capable to be implemented on real-time discrimination applications.