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Surgical resection remains a mainstay in the treatment of malignant solid tumors. However, the use of neoadjuvant treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy, either alone or in combination, as a preoperative intervention regimen, have attracted increasing attention in the last decade. Early randomized, controlled trials in some tumor settings have not shown a significant difference between the survival rates in long-term neoadjuvant therapy and adjuvant therapy. However, this has not hampered the increasing use of neoadjuvant treatments in clinical practice, due to its evident downstaging of primary tumors to delineate the surgical margin, tailoring systemic therapy response as a clinical tool to optimize subsequent therapeutic regimens, and decreasing the need for surgery, with its potential for increased morbidity. The recent expansion of nanotechnology-based nanomedicine and related medical technologies provides a new approach to address the current challenges of neoadjuvant therapy for preoperative therapeutics. This review not only summarizes how nanomedicine plays an important role in a range of neoadjuvant therapeutic modalities, but also highlights the potential use of nanomedicine as neoadjuvant therapy in preclinical and clinic settings for tumor management.

Ralstonia solanacearum is a widespread plant bacterial pathogen that can launch a range of type III effectors (T3Es) to cause disease. In this study, we isolate a pathogenic R. solanacearum strain named P380 from tomato rhizosphere. Five out of 12 core T3Es of strain P380 are introduced into Pseudomonas syringae DC3000D36E separately to determine their functions in interacting with plants. DC3000D36E that harbors each effector suppresses FliC-triggered Pti5 and ACRE31 expression, ROS burst, and callose deposition. RipAE, RipU, and RipW elicit cell death, as well as upregulate the MAPK cascades in Nicotiana benthamiana. The derivatives RipC1

Automated detection of military people based on the images in different environments plays an important role in accurately completing military missions. With the equipment gradually moving towards intelligence, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will be widely used for integrated reconnaissance/attack in the future. The lightweight and compact design of the small UAV allows it to travel through dense forests and other environments to capture images with its convenient mobility. However, as the camouflage has been designed to blend in with surroundings, which greatly reduces the probability of the target being discovered. Moreover, the lack of training data on camouflaged people detection will inhibit the training of a deep model. To address these problems, a novel semi-supervised camouflaged military people detection network is proposed to automatically detect the target from the images. In this paper, the camouflaged object detection dataset (COD10K) is first supplemented according to our mission requirements, then the edge attention is utilized to enhance the boundaries based on search identification network. Further, a semi-supervised learning strategy is presented to take advantage of the unlabeled data which can alleviate insufficient data and improve the detection accuracy. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed semi-supervised search identification network (Semi-SINet) performs well in camouflaged people detection compared with other object detection methods.

In this paper, a kind of superabsorbent resin (SAR) with superior quality for hygiene products was developed using Fructus Aurantii Immaturus pectin (FAIP) from Citrus aurantium L.. FAIP-g-AM/AMPS SAR was established by free radical graft co-polymerization with FAIP as skeleton structure, N, N'-Methylene-bis (acrylamide) (MBA) as the cross-linker. Meanwhile, the functional monomers of acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) were introduced. The structure and morphology of FAIP-g-AM/AMPS were characterized by FTIR

Controlled pesticide release in response to environmental stimuli by encapsulating pesticides in a carrier is a feasible approach to improve the effective utilization rate. In this study, pH-responsive release nanoparticles loaded with penconazole (PE) were prepared by ionic cross-linking of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan (PE@CS/CMCS-NPs). PE@CS/CMCS-NPs exhibited good washout resistance and wettability properties, increasing the washing resistance of the pesticide by approximately 20 times under continuous washing. The results of the release experiments showed that nanoparticles had adjustable controlled-release characteristics with the change in pH based on the swelling of nanoparticles. The results of spore germination experiments showed that PE@CS/CMCS-NPs enhanced the inhibitory effect under acidic conditions. The field experiment results showed that PE@CS/CMCS-NPs had a better control effect than PE-aqueous solution, extended the duration and slowed down the dissipation of PE. These results indicated that the CS/CMCS-NPs pH-responsive release system has great potential in the development of an effective pesticide formulation.

What are the potential clinical benefits of embryo culture and assessment in a time-lapse incubator compared with a standard incubator using static assessment?This large multicentre, single-blinded, randomized controlled study included 1224 participants randomly assigned (1:1) to the time-lapse or standard incubator group. In all patients one or two embryos were transferred on day 3. The primary outcome was the implantation rate in the first embryo transfer cycle. Secondary outcomes included the cumulative implantation rate, live birth rate in the first embryo transfer cycle and cumulative live birth rate.Among 1224 participants recruited, 1182 underwent embryo transfer. The number of successfully implanted embryos in the first transfer cycle was significantly higher in the time-lapse incubator group (time-lapse group: 52.35%, standard incubator group: 47.11%, P = 0.014). The implantation rate in the first embryo transfer cycle was still significantly higher in the time-lapse group than the standard incubator group after adjusting for age, body mass index, medical centre and embryo status (relative risk 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.20, P = 0.020). However, the cumulative implantation rate, live birth rate in the first embryo transfer cycle and cumulative live birth rate were not statistically different between the groups.The implantation rate in the first embryo transfer cycle was significantly improved in the time-lapse group, but the effect of the time-lapse system on the cumulative implantation rate or cumulative live birth rate was not significant. The embryo assessment method offered by time-lapse systems rather than an undisturbed environment may play an important role in improving the implantation rate in the first embryo transfer cycle. These results are only applicable to young patients.

Mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) detected from blood-derived DNA are large structural alterations of clonal haematopoietic origin and are associated with various diseases, such as haematological malignancies, infections, and solid cancers. We aimed to investigate whether mCAs contribute to the risk of lung cancer and modify the effect of polygenic risk score (PRS) on lung cancer risk prediction.The blood-derived DNA of patients with lung cancer and cancer-free controls with Chinese ancestry from the Nanjing Lung Cancer Cohort (NJLCC) study were genotyped with a Global Screening Array, and mCAs were detected with the Mosaic Chromosomal Alterations (MoChA) pipeline. mCA call sets of individuals with European ancestry were obtained from the prospective cohort UK Biobank (UKB) study, including documented incident lung cancer. All patients with lung cancer from the NJLCC study (aged 15 years or older at diagnosis) were histopathologically confirmed as new lung cancer cases by at least two pathologists and were free of chemotherapy or radiotherapy before diagnosis. Participants with incident lung cancer (aged 37-73 years at assessment) diagnosed after recruitment to the UKB were identified through linkage to national cancer registries. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were applied to evaluate associations between mCAs and risk of lung cancer in the NJLCC (logistic regression) and UKB (Cox proportional hazard model) studies.The NJLCC study included 10 248 individuals (6445 [62·89%] men and 3803 [37·11%] women; median age 60·0 years [IQR 53·0-66·0]) with lung cancer and 9298 individuals (5871 [63·14%] men and 3427 [36·86%] women; median age 60·0 years [52·0-65·0]) without lung cancer recruited from three sub-regions (north, central, and south) across China between April 15, 2003, and Aug 18, 2017. The UKB included 450 821 individuals recruited from 22 centres across the UK between March 13, 2006, and Nov 1, 2010, including 2088 individuals with lung cancer (1075 [51·48%] men and 1013 [48·52%] women; median age 63·0 years [IQR 59·0-66·0]), and 448 733 participants were free of lung cancer (204 713 [45·62%] men and 244 020 [54·38%] women; median age 58·0 years [IQR 50·0-63·0]). Compared with non-carriers of mosaic losses, carriers had a significantly increased risk of lung cancer in the NJLCC (odds ratio [OR] 1·81, 95% CI 1·43-2·28; p=6·69 × 10mCAs act as a new endogenous indicator for the risk of lung cancer and might be jointly used with PRS to optimise personalised risk stratification for lung cancer.National Natural Science Foundation of China, Outstanding Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province, Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, and Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China.For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Due to the high risk of tearing and rupture, vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques would induce serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Despite the available clinical methods can evaluate the vulnerability of plaques and specifically treat vulnerable plaques before a cardiovascular event, but the efficiency is still low and undesirable. Herein, we rationally design and engineer the low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU)-responsive FPD@CD nanomedicine for the highly efficient treatment of vulnerable plaques by facilely loading phase transition agent perfluorohexane (PFH) into biocompatible PLGA-PEG-PLGA nanoparticles (PPP NPs) and then attaching dextran sulphate (DS) onto the surface of PPP NPs for targeting delivery. DS, as a typical macrophages-targeted molecule, can achieve the precise vaporization of NPs and subsequently controllable apoptosis of RAW 264.7 macrophages as induced by acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) effect. In addition, the introduction of DiR and Fe

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) display promising potential due to their exquisite structural advantages. Carboxylate-based MOFs, such as MIL-53 structures, attract a lot of attention among MOF families because of their remarkable stability in water and even alkaline condition. Hence, the delicate hierarchical microstructure is constructed by introducing MoO

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from living cells play important roles in donor cell-induced recipient tissue regeneration. Although numerous studies have found that cells undergo apoptosis after implantation in an ischemic-hypoxic environment, the roles played by the EVs released by apoptotic cells are largely unknown. In this study, we obtained apoptotic vesicles (apoVs) derived from human deciduous pulp stem cells and explored their effects on the dental pulp regeneration process. Our work showed that apoVs were ingested by endothelial cells (ECs) and elevated the expression of angiogenesis-related genes, leading to pulp revascularization and tissue regeneration. Furthermore, we found that, at the molecular level, apoV-carried mitochondrial Tu translation elongation factor was transported and regulated the angiogenic activation of ECs via the transcription factor EB-autophagy pathway. In a beagle model of dental pulp regeneration in situ, apoVs recruited endogenous ECs and facilitated the formation of dental-pulp-like tissue rich in blood vessels. These findings revealed the significance of apoptosis in tissue regeneration and demonstrated the potential of using apoVs to promote angiogenesis in clinical applications.

Designing visible light photocatalysts with a metal oxide semiconductor as the starting material could expand a new horizon for the conversion and storage of solar energy. Here, the benchmark photocatalyst TiO2 was used to pursue this goal by anchoring aromatic acids. With benzoic acid (BA) as the initial molecule, horizontally extending one or two benzene rings furnishes 2-naphthoic acid (2-NA) and 2-anthracene acid (2-AA). Extending the aromatic acid was strategically deployed to design TiO2 complexes with violet light-induced selective aerobic oxidation of sulfide as the probe reaction. Moreover, triethylamine (TEA), an electron transfer mediator, was introduced to maintain the integrity of the anchored aromatic acids. Notably, there was a direct correlation between the π-conjugation of aromatic acid ligand and the selective aerobic oxidation of sulfides. Among the three aromatic acids, 2-AA delivered the best result over TiO2 due to the most extensive π-conjugated system. Ultimately, violet light-induced selective aerobic oxidation of sulfides into corresponding sulfoxides was conveniently realized by cooperative photocatalysis of 2-AA-TiO2 with 10 mol% of TEA. This work affords an extending strategy for designing the next-generation ligands for semiconductors to expand visible light-induced selective reactions.

Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists have been clinically used to treat heart failure. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Using osteoblast MR knockout (MRMR deficiency in osteoblasts alleviates pathological ventricular remodeling after MI, likely through its regulation on OCN. Spironolactone may work through osteoblast MR/OCN axis to exert its therapeutic effects on pathological ventricular remodeling and heart failure in mice and human patients.

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced fibrotic changes in alveolar epithelium is a critical event in pulmonary fibrosis. Herein, we recognized that lncRNA mir-100-let-7a-2-mir-125b-1 cluster host gene (MIR100HG) was abnormally upregulated within human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) lung tissue, bleomycin (BLM)-caused pulmonary fibrotic model mice and TGF-β1-stimulated mice type II alveolar epithelial cells. In vivo, MIR100HG knockdown attenuated BLM-caused lung fibrogenesis in mice; in vitro, MIR100HG knockdown attenuated TGF-β1-induced fibrotic changes in mice type II alveolar epithelial cells. Through direct binding, MIR100HG knockdown upregulated microRNA-29a-3p (miR-29a-3p) expression; through serving as competing endogenous RNA for miR-29a-3p, MIR100HG knockdown downregulated TGF-beta activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 1 (Tab1) expression. Finally, under TGF-β1 stimulation, Tab1 knockdown attenuated TGF-β1-induced fibrotic changes and partially attenuated the effects of miR-29a-3p inhibition. In conclusion, we demonstrated the aberrant upregulation of lncRNA MIR100HG in BLM-caused lung fibrogenesis and TGF-β1-stimulated MLE 12 cells. The MIR100HG/miR-29a-3p/Tab1 axis could modulate TGF-β1-induced fibrotic changes in type II alveolar epithelial cells and, thus, might be promising targets for pulmonary fibrosis therapy.