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Excessive carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions into the atmosphere have become a dire threat to the human race and environmental sustainability. The ultimate goal of net zero emissions requires combined efforts on CO 2 sequestration (natural sinks, biomass fixation, engineered approaches) and reduction in CO 2 emissions while delivering economic growth (CO 2 valorization for a circular carbon bioeconomy, CCE). We discuss microalgae-based CO 2 biosequestration, including flue gas cultivation, biotechnological approaches for enhanced CO 2 biosequestration, technological innovations for microalgal cultivation, and CO 2 valorization/biofuel productions. We highlight challenges to current practices and future perspectives with the goal of contributing to environmental sustainability, net zero emissions, and the CCE., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)