1. The effects of age and sex on cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: Findings from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS) study
- Author
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Allen D. Radant, Catherine A. Sugar, William S. Stone, Tiffany A. Greenwood, Debby W. Tsuang, Michael F. Green, Laura C. Lazzeroni, Bruce I. Turetsky, Larry J. Siever, David L. Braff, Gregory A. Light, Raquel E. Gur, Neal R. Swerdlow, Ming T. Tsuang, Jeremy M. Silverman, Keith H. Nuechterlein, Ruben C. Gur, Larry J. Seidman, Junghee Lee, Joyce Sprock, Gerhard Hellemann, and Hashimoto, Kenji
- Subjects
Male ,Emotions ,Social Sciences ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Cognition ,Learning and Memory ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,media_common ,Cognitive Impairment ,Genetics ,Multidisciplinary ,California Verbal Learning Test ,Cognitive Neurology ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,Memory, Short-Term ,Mental Health ,Neurology ,Medicine ,Schizophrenic Psychology ,Female ,Anatomy ,Research Article ,Vigilance (psychology) ,Adult ,Elementary cognitive task ,General Science & Technology ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Face Recognition ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Sex Factors ,Clinical Research ,Memory ,Mental Health and Psychiatry ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Aged ,General linear model ,Working memory ,Cognitive Psychology ,Neurosciences ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Brain Disorders ,030227 psychiatry ,Short-Term ,Face ,Case-Control Studies ,Schizophrenia ,Linear Models ,Cognitive Science ,Perception ,Verbal memory ,Head ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Recently emerging evidence indicates accelerated age-related changes in the structure and function of the brain in schizophrenia, raising a question about its potential consequences on cognitive function. Using a large sample of schizophrenia patients and controls and a battery of tasks across multiple cognitive domains, we examined whether patients show accelerated age-related decline in cognition and whether an age-related effect differ between females and males. We utilized data of 1,415 schizophrenia patients and 1,062 healthy community collected by the second phase of the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS-2). A battery of cognitive tasks included the Letter-Number Span Task, two forms of the Continuous Performance Test, the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition, the Penn Emotion Identification Test and the Penn Facial Memory Test. The effect of age and gender on cognitive performance was examined with a general linear model. We observed age-related changes on most cognitive measures, which was similar between males and females. Compared to controls, patients showed greater deterioration in performance on attention/vigilance and greater slowness of processing social information with increasing age. However, controls showed greater age-related changes in working memory and verbal memory compared to patients. Age-related changes (η2p of 0.001 to .008) were much smaller than between-group differences (η2p of 0.005 to .037). This study found that patients showed continued decline of cognition on some domains but stable impairment or even less decline on other domains with increasing age. These findings indicate that age-related changes in cognition in schizophrenia are subtle and not uniform across multiple cognitive domains.
- Published
- 2020