Search

The purpose of this review was to identify and analyze the main characteristics of the 100 most-cited papers in the field of endodontic therapy in primary teeth. A search for the most-cited articles was conducted in the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science ‘Core-Collection’ (WoS-CC) database up to December 2020. Papers were ranked in descending order, by number of citations, and each paper was matched with the citation count on Scopus and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers selected the most-cited papers and analyzed it according to the number and density of citations, year and journal of publication, authors, countries and contributing institutions, study design, topic of the paper, and keywords. Spearman’s correlation and Poisson regression were used to determine associations between the number of citations and study characteristics. The citation count varied from 15 to 135 (WoS-CC), 8 to 141 (Scopus), and 14 to 317 (Google Scholar). Of the 306 contributing authors, most paper contributions were from Sakai VT, Oliveira TM, and Machado MAAM (5 each). Most of the papers originated from the USA (n=21) and Brazil (n=18). Randomized trials were the most common study design (n=32), and “pulpotomy” was the most frequently used keyword (n=35). Poisson regression showed that the number of citations decreased by 1.5% each year, and increased by 9.7% for each unit of impact factor. This bibliometric analysis highlighted papers, authors, and institutions that have contributed to endodontic therapy in primary teeth. Common terms of interest in this research area was also identified, representing the first bibliometric analysis on this subject.

INTRODUCTION: Human serofrequency of antibodies against Taenia solium antigens was determined and risk factors for cysticercosis transmission were identified. METHODS: Individuals (n=878) from periurban and rural locations of Lages, SC, were interviewed to gather demographic, sanitary and health information. Interviews and blood sample collections by finger prick on Whatman filter paper were performed from August 2004 to May 2005. Observation determined that 850 samples were suitable for analysis and were tested by ELISA using vesicular fluid of Taenia crassiceps heterologous antigen. To ensure the reliability of the results, 77 samples of the dried blood were matched with sera. The reactive samples were submitted to a serum confirmatory immunoblot (IB) test using purified Taenia crassiceps glycoproteins. RESULTS: The ELISA results for the dried blood and serum samples were statistically consistent. ELISA was positive in 186 (21.9%) out of 850 individuals. A group of 213 individuals were asked to collect vein blood for IB (186 with positive result in ELISA and 27 with inappropriate whole blood samples) and 130 attended the request. The IB was positive in 29 (3.4%) out of 850 individuals. A significant correlation (p = 0.0364) was determined among individuals who tested positive in the IB assay who practiced both pig rearing and kitchen gardening. CONCLUSIONS: ELISA with dried blood eluted from filter paper was suitable for cysticercosis population surveys. In Lages, human infection was associated with pig rearing and kitchen gardening. The prevalence index was compatible with other Latin American endemic areas. INTRODUÇÃO: O primeiro levantamento sobre cisticercose humana e identificação dos fatores de risco associados à transmissão, foram realizados em Lages, SC. MÉTODOS: Oitocentos e setenta e sete voluntários de regiões periurbana e rural foram entrevistados e forneceram informações demográficas e condições sanitárias e de saúde. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas por meio de punção digital em papel filtro entre agosto 2004 e maio 2005. Verificou-se que 850 amostras estavam adequadas para análise. No ELISA, utilizou-se o antígeno heterólogo liquido vesicular de Taenia crassiceps. Para assegurar a confiabilidade dos resultados de ELISA, foram pareadas 77 amostras de soro e sangue eluido do papel filtro. A confirmação do diagnóstico sorológico foi feita por immunoblot (IB) com glicoproteínas purificadas de Taenia crassiceps. RESULTADOS: A reatividade de IgG eluída de sangue em papel filtro mostrou-se compatível com a dos soros correspondentes. A triagem por ELISA de 850 indivíduos revelou 186 (21,9%) positivos. De 213 pessoas convidadas a colher soro para IB (186 ELISA positivo e 27 com amostras de sangue total inadequadas), compareceram 130. O IB foi positivo em 29 (3,4%) de 850 amostras. Houve correlação significativa entre IB positivo e a prática de criação de suínos e de horta caseira (p = 0,0364). CONCLUSÕES: ELISA com sangue total em papel filtro mostrou-se adequado para inquéritos populacionais para cisticercose. A transmissão da cisticercose humana na área estudada mostrou correlação com criação suína domestica e horta caseira. A prevalência obtida foi semelhante à relatada em áreas endêmicas da América Latina.

THE CHALLENGE OF ETHNICITY/RACE/SKIN COLOR AND HEALTH OUTCOMES Despite the consensus that age, sex, parental history, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking and diabetes are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases,1 race, ethnicity or skin color always bring an anthropological debate into biology.2 First, there are different views about the meaning of race according to culture and country. Second, the potential influence of genetic background is blurred by differential distribution of the proportions of formal education and income according to race/ethnicity/skin color. Third, considering that the foundation of racially admixed societies, such as most of the countries in the Americas, was based on subjugation of the indigenous populations and imported slavery of Africans, the presence of racism and discrimination cannot be neglected as one point in the causal pathway of cardiovascular diseases according to race/ethnicity/skin color. Fortunately, the emergence of molecular biology and genomics is opening up a new road towards understanding the influence of race on several diseases. Although the terms “race” and “skin color” are very popular, we will prefer “ethnicity” because it encompasses biology, culture, language and religion, thereby revealing health behavior and beliefs.3

Submitted by Thiago de Oliveira Gonzaga (thiago.gonzaga@fjp.mg.gov.br) on 2022-01-07T15:35:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) The political economy of Brazilian industrial policy (2003 - 2014).pdf: 287566 bytes, checksum: 944c024543cef7bbb81575a791eeb49a (MD5) Rejected by Roger Guedes (roger.guedes@fjp.mg.gov.br), reason: Thiago, o arquivo PDF não se refere as informações do registro. Acredito que você fez confusão com outro artigo do professor Alexandre Queiroz Guimarães. Qualquer dúvida me mande mensagem. on 2022-01-14T18:55:35Z (GMT) Submitted by Thiago de Oliveira Gonzaga (thiago.gonzaga@fjp.mg.gov.br) on 2022-01-15T16:04:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) A Economia Política nas Ciências Sociais no Brasil.pdf: 2568674 bytes, checksum: bed9734d7e33d370ceacea8bf8c4c615 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Roger Guedes (roger.guedes@fjp.mg.gov.br) on 2022-01-17T18:07:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) A Economia Política nas Ciências Sociais no Brasil.pdf: 2568674 bytes, checksum: bed9734d7e33d370ceacea8bf8c4c615 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-17T18:07:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) A Economia Política nas Ciências Sociais no Brasil.pdf: 2568674 bytes, checksum: bed9734d7e33d370ceacea8bf8c4c615 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021 Universidade Federal Fluminense Fundação João Pinheiro Universidade Federal Fluminense Introdução: O artigo resgata a trajetória da Economia Política, para definir essa área e disciplina. Em seguida, analisa a produção de artigos acadêmicos, no decênio 2009-2018, na subárea de Economia Política nas Ciências Sociais no Brasil. Busca evidenciar o relativo enfraquecimento dessa subárea nas últimas décadas. Os objetivos foram definir critérios de inclusão dos artigos na área de economia política; identificar os temas específicos que têm sido pesquisados e os recursos metodológicos adotados; avaliar os resultados encontrados e sugerir caminhos institucionais e de pesquisa para o desenvolvimento da Economia Política nas Ciências Sociais. Materiais e Métodos: A metodologia identifica, quantifica e distingue os conteúdos de artigos de Economia Política publicados em nove periódicos nacionais A1, A2 e B1, conforme a classificação em vigor do Qualis Periódicos da Capes para a Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais. Resultados: Conclui que os economistas lideram a produção, especialmente das temáticas do desenvolvimento e da macroeconomia. Na economia política internacional, há uma distribuição equilibrada de artigos entre o periódico diretamente vinculado à subárea analisada e as revistas mais próximas das ciências sociais stricto sensu, nas quais, por outro lado, predominam conteúdos das políticas sociais e das instituições políticas. Discussão: O desenvolvimento da subárea passa pela construção de pontes teórico-metodológicas e redes institucionais entre a economia e a política. Introduction: The article rescues the trajectory of Political Economy, to define this area and discipline. Then, it analyzes the production of academic papers, in the decade 2009-2018, in the subarea of Political Economy in Social Sciences in Brazil. It seeks to show the relative weakening of this subarea in recent decades. The objectives were to define criteria for inclusion of papers in the area of political economy; identify the specific themes that have been researched and the methodological resources adopted; evaluate the results found and suggest institutional and research paths for the development of Political Economy in Social Sciences. Materials and Methods: The methodology identifies, quantifies and distinguishes the content of papers of Political Economy published in nine national journals A1, A2 and B1, according to the current classification of Capes Qualis Periodicals for Political Science and International Relations. Results: It concludes that economists lead production, especially on the themes of development and macroeconomics; in international political economy, there is a balanced distribution of papers between the journal directly linked to the subarea analyzed and the journals closest to the social sciences stricto sensu, in which, on the other hand, content of social policies and political institutions predominates. Discussion: The development of the subarea involves the construction of theoretical-methodological bridges and institutional networks between economics and politics. Governo e Política

This work aims to identify the best treatment condition for removal of chemical oxigen demand (COD) and increase of biodegradability in an advanced oxidative process of photocatalytic ozonation with titanium dioxide (TiO2), applied to the remediation of the leachate produced at the municipal landfill of Campo Mourão, Paraná. The experiment was carried out using a photocatalytic chamber and an ozonation system based on the corona effect. A statistical model of the central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was elaborated and three variables (pH, TiO2 dose and airflow) were analyzed, to define the optimum condition that allows the highest perfomance of the treatment. The statistical model was valid for the data. The best condition identified was: pH = 3.3 TiO2 dose = 0.012 g and flow = 9.0 L.min-1 (8.79 g, O3.min-1). The removal of filtrate COD was approximately 30% and increase in biodegradability (BOD/COD) = 0.59 in the optimum condition. Factors such as the complex composition of the leachate and treatment time were considered as possible limitants for better results. The treatment did not allow to reach the permissible limits for disposal of the effluent at the environment, in Brazil.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:20:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-07-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T14:35:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0001-37652018000602927.pdf: 921724 bytes, checksum: 7ed51684c8c27f8bfe46644a4a3dca5f (MD5) The global food loss and waste is the most urgent research area in food science to attend the current demand for more sustainable and profitable processes. Along the productive chain about 1/3 of the food is lost or wasted, this number reaches 1/2 for fruit and vegetable production in developing countries. Brazil has been investing in researches aiming to turn its wastes into byproducts, as biomolecules of high value such as lipases. These enzymes are found in a high diversity of plant sources and their researches are covered by promising market growth expectations due to the current demand for biofuels and bio-transformed food. Thus, the aim of the present study is to discuss the potential of wastes generated by the Brazilian fruit processing to become a source of lipases, by the analysis of the most recent studies on fruit lipases, as well as the inclusion of this process in the biorefinery concept. According to this concept, different products can be obtained from the same raw material. Considering the confirmation of the presence of lipases on fruit wastes, the annual fruit production and the percentage of residues, the assessed data showed that wastes from the processing of orange, mango, papaya and palm are promising for lipase obtainment. Chemistry and Biochemistry Department Biosciences Institute São Paulo State University (UNESP), P.O. Box 510 Chemistry and Biochemistry Department Biosciences Institute São Paulo State University (UNESP), P.O. Box 510

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is grown on over 8 million ha in Brazil and is used to produce ethanol and sugar. Some sugarcane fields are burned to facilitate harvesting, which can affect the soil microbial community. However, whether sugarcane pre-harvest burning affects the community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and symbioses development is not known. In this study, we investigated the early impacts of harvest management on AMF spore communities and root colonization in three sugarcane varieties, under two harvest management systems (no-burning and pre-harvest burning). Soil and root samples were collected in the field after the first harvest of sugarcane varieties SP813250, SP801842, and RB72454, and AMF species were identified based on spore morphology. Diversity indices were determined based on spore populations and root colonization determined as an indicator of symbioses development. Based on the diversity indices, spore number and species occurrence in soil, no significant differences were observed among the AMF communities, regardless of harvest management type, sugarcane variety or interactions between harvest management type and sugarcane variety. However, mycorrhiza development was stimulated in sugarcane under the no-burning management system. Our data suggest that the sugarcane harvest management system may cause early changes in arbuscular mycorrhiza development.

Previous studies analyzing 2,200 plant extracts indicated anti-enterococcal activity in 25 extracts obtained from Brazilian forests' plants. In the present study, these extracts were subjected to microdilution broth assay (MDBA) and disk diffusion assay (DDA) using planktonic Enterococcus faecalis ATCC® 29212TM and were submitted to phytochemical analysis in TLC and HPLC. Three extracts obtained from Ipomoea alba (MIC < 40 µg/mL), Diclinanona calycina (MIC < 40 µg/mL) and Moronobea coccinea (40 < MIC < 80 µg/mL; MBC = 80 µg/mL) showed significant bactericidal activity in the MDBA and four extracts obtained from I. alba (14.04 ± 0.55 mm diameter) S. globulifera (14.43 ± 0.33 mm and 12.18 ± 0.28 mm diameter) and Connarus ruber var. ruber (13.13 ± 0.18 mm diameter) were active in DDA. Residues H2O obtained from Psidium densicomum (mean of 16.78 mm diameter) and from Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (mean of 15.97 mm diameter) have shown an improved antibacterial activity after fractionation if compared to that obtained from the respective crude extracts. Antioxidant activity was observed in some residues of the active extracts. TLC analysis showed that phenolic compounds are likely to be found in active extracts. Three molecules were isolated from S. globulifera and were identified by 13C NMR lupeol, α-amyrin and 3β-hydroxyglutin-5-ene. The present chemical and biological findings suggest that these extracts are a potential source of new anti-Enterococcus compounds to be introduced in endodontic therapy.

A total of 120 beef carcasses were analyzed during processing at a slaughterhouse in southern Brazil. The carcasses were sampled by swab at three different steps of the slaughter line and then they were tested for Salmonella and E. coli. The Salmonella isolates were also examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. Salmonella prevalence distribution was modeled and the probability of contamination was simulated using @Risk program and 10,000 interactions. Results demonstrated that 4 beef carcasses (3.3%) were positive for Salmonella only in the first point. The six isolates of Salmonella were classified: S. Newport (n = 3), S. Saintpaul (n = 2) and S. Anatum (n = 1). No Salmonella strains exhibited resistance to any of the antimicrobials tested. As expected, the most contaminated point with E. coli was the first point (hide), presenting counts from 0.31 to 5.07 log cfu/100 cm(2). Much smaller E. coli counts were observed in the other points. Results indicated low levels of Salmonella and E. coli on the beef carcasses analyzed and also low probability of contamination of the carcasses by Salmonella, suggesting adequate microbiological quality.

The objective of this study was to characterize the C. jejuni IAL2383 strain isolated from humans in Brazil. Transcripts for the racR, dnaJ and ciaB genes were found and flaA, plda and cadF genes were present in the genome and bacteria was sensitive to most of the important antimicrobials used to treat humans. C. jejuni IAL2383 is a good experimental model to analyze the interactions with cells.

The present report aimed to perform a molecular epidemiological survey by investigating the presence of virulence factors in E. faecalis isolated from different human clinical (n = 57) and food samples (n = 55) in Porto Alegre, Brazil, collected from 2006 to 2009. In addition, the ability to form biofilm in vitro on polystyrene and the β-haemolytic and gelatinase activities were determined. Clinical strains presented a higher prevalence of aggregation substance (agg), enterococcal surface protein (esp) and cytolysin (cylA) genes when compared with food isolates. The esp gene was found only in clinical strains. On the other hand, the gelatinase (gelE) and adherence factor (ace) genes had similar prevalence among the strains, showing the widespread occurrence of these virulence factors among food and clinical E. faecalis strains in South Brazil. More than three virulence factor genes were detected in 77.2% and 18.2% of clinical and food strains, respectively. Gelatinase and β-haemolysin activities were not associated with the presence of gelE and cylA genes. The ability to produce biofilm was detected in 100% of clinical and 94.6% of food isolates, and clinical strains were more able to form biofilm than the food isolates (Student’s t-test, p < 0.01). Results from the statistical analysis showed significant associations between strong biofilm formation and ace (p = 0.015) and gelE (p = 0.007) genes in clinical strains. In conclusion, our data indicate that E. faecalis strains isolated from clinical and food samples possess distinctive patterns of virulence factors, with a larger number of genes that encode virulence factors detected in clinical strains.

In aquatic ecosystems, bacteria are controlled by several organisms in the food chain, such as protozoa, that use them as food source. This study aimed to quantify the ingestion and clearance rates of bacteria by ciliates and heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) in a subtropical freshwater reservoir (Monjolinho reservoir - São Carlos - Brazil) during one year period, in order to verify their importance as consumers and controllers of bacteria in two seasons, a dry/cold and a rainy/warm one. For this purpose, in situ bacterivory experiments were carried out bimonthly using fluorescently labeled bacteria with 5-(4,6 diclorotriazin-2yl) aminofluorescein (DTAF). Although ciliates have shown the highest individual ingestion and clearance rates, bacterivory was dominated by HNF, who showed higher population ingestion rates (mean of 9,140 bacteria h(-1) mL(-1)) when compared to ciliates (mean of 492 bacteria h(-1) mL(-1)). The greater predation impact on bacterial communities was caused mainly by the small HNF (5 μm) population, especially in the rainy season, probably due to the abundances of these organisms, the precipitation, trophic index state and water temperature that were higher in this period. Thus, the protozoan densities together with environmental variables were extremely relevant in determining the seasonal pattern of bacterivory in Monjolinho reservoir.

Chronic viral hepatitis are main public health problems worldwide. Data about the seroprevalence to Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV e HCV) at the population level are scarce on Brazil and especially for the Southern region of the country. The seroprevalence to HBV and HBC antigens was evaluated on a large portion of the population of the municipality of Caxias do Sul (427,858 inhabitants), Brazil. A total of 60,604 individual serum samples collected from 2008 to 2011 were screened for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and for antibodies against HBsAg; anti HCV antibodies were measured by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Overall, 1.63% of the individuals were positive for HBsAg and 1.43% showed seropositivity to HCV. From the total, 31,749 samples were analyzed for HBsAg and 28,855 for HCV. For HBsAg, 519 samples showed positive (1.63%) while the results for 37 patients (0.12%) remained inconclusive. For the anti-HCV test, 412 individuals (1.43%) showed positive. From the positive samples for HBsAg 216 (50.6%) were from male individuals whereas for anti-HCV the seroprevalence was slightly higher for females 216 (52.4%). The higher prevalence for both hepatitis viruses were found among individuals at the age group of 40 to 59 years and the lower levels of positivity for both HBV and HBC were among children and teenagers.

Campylobacteriosis is a worldwide distributed zoonosis. One of the main virulence factors related to Campylobacter spp. in animals and humans is the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), encoded by three adjacent genes (cdtA, cdtB, cdtC). The occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in samples of vegetables has not been reported in Brazil yet, and has seldom been described in the international literature. The detection of CDT in these strains has not been reported, either. The objectives of the present study were to determine the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. strains carrying virulence factors in samples of poultry and vegetables (lettuce and spinach) from different points of sale, thus verifying if vegetables are as an important vehicle for potentially virulent Campylobacter spp. strains as poultry. Twenty four strains were identified as Campylobacter jejuni by phenotypic and genotypic methods: 22 from broiler carcasses and two from lettuce samples. Three strains were identified as Campylobacter coli: two from broiler carcasses and one from lettuce. The presence of the cdt genes were detected in 20/24 (83.3%) C. jejuni strains, and 3/3 (100%) C. coli strains. The isolation of Campylobacter spp. strains with the cdt gene cluster in lettuce samples points to a new possible source of contamination, which could have an impact in the vegetable production chain and risk to public health. Results show that potentially virulent C. jejuni and C. coli strains remain viable in samples of broiler carcasses and vegetables at the points of sale.

Lettuce is a leafy vegetable widely used in industry for minimally processed products, in which the step of sanitization is the crucial moment for ensuring a safe food for consumption. Chlorinated compounds, mainly sodium hypochlorite, are the most used in Brazil, but the formation of trihalomethanes from this sanitizer is a drawback. Then, the search for alternative methods to sodium hypochlorite has been emerging as a matter of great interest. The suitability of chlorine dioxide (60 mg L(-1)/10 min), peracetic acid (100 mg L(-1)/15 min) and ozonated water (1.2 mg L(-1)/1 min) as alternative sanitizers to sodium hypochlorite (150 mg L(-1) free chlorine/15 min) were evaluated. Minimally processed lettuce washed with tap water for 1 min was used as a control. Microbiological analyses were performed in triplicate, before and after sanitization, and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 days of storage at 2 ± 1 °C with the product packaged on LDPE bags of 60 μm. It was evaluated total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., psicrotrophic and mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and molds. All samples of minimally processed lettuce showed absence of E. coli and Salmonella spp. The treatments of chlorine dioxide, peracetic acid and ozonated water promoted reduction of 2.5, 1.1 and 0.7 log cycle, respectively, on count of microbial load of minimally processed product and can be used as substitutes for sodium hypochlorite. These alternative compounds promoted a shelf-life of six days to minimally processed lettuce, while the shelf-life with sodium hypochlorite was 12 days.

Propolis is a natural product widely used for humans. Due to its complex composition, a number of applications (antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anesthetic, cytostatic and antioxidant) have been attributed to this substance. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a eukaryotic model we investigated the mechanisms underlying the antioxidant effect of propolis from Guarapari against oxidative stress. Submitting a wild type (BY4741) and antioxidant deficient strains (ctt1∆, sod1∆, gsh1∆, gtt1∆ and gtt2∆) either to 15 mM menadione or to 2 mM hydrogen peroxide during 60 min, we observed that all strains, except the mutant sod1∆, acquired tolerance when previously treated with 25 µg/mL of alcoholic propolis extract. Such a treatment reduced the levels of ROS generation and of lipid peroxidation, after oxidative stress. The increase in Cu/Zn-Sod activity by propolis suggests that the protection might be acting synergistically with Cu/Zn-Sod.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MS) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) are important avian pathogens and cause economic losses to the poultry industry. Molecular biology techniques are currently used for a rapid detection of these pathogens and the adoption of control measures of the diseases. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a technique for simultaneous detection of MG and MS by multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The complete assay (Multiplex MGMS) was designed with primers and probes specific for each pathogen and developed to be carried out in a single tube reaction. Vaccines, MG and MS isolates and DNA from other Mycoplasma species were used for the development and validation of the method. Further, 78 pooled clinical samples from different poultry flocks in Brazil were obtained and used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the technique in comparison to 2 real time PCR assays specific for MG (MG PCR) and MS (MS PCR). The results demonstrated an agreement of 100% (23 positive and 44 negative samples) between Multiplex MGMS and MG PCR in the analysis of 67 samples from MG positive and negative poultry flocks, and an agreement of 96.9% between Multiplex MGMS and MS PCR in the analysis of 64 samples from MS positive and negative poultry flocks. Considering the single amplification tests as the gold standard, the Multiplex MGMS showed 100% of specificity and sensitivity in the MG analysis and 94.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity in the MS analysis. This new assay could be used for rapid analysis of MG and MS in the poultry industry laboratories.

Brazil has the world's largest ethanol production from sugarcane, but bacterial contamination decreases the ethanol yields. It was shown that the biocide DesinFixTM 135 can reduce the contamination without decreasing the yeasts' viability or negatively affecting the ethanol production.

The Neonatal Screening for Inborn Errors of Metabolism of the Association of Parents and Friends of Special Needs Individuals (APAE) - Bauru, Brazil, was implanted and accredited by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 1998. It covers about 286 cities of the Bauru region and 420 collection spots. Their activities include screening, diagnosis, treatment and assistance to congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and phenylketonuria (PKU), among others. In 2005, a partnership was established with the Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, seeking to characterize and to follow, by means of research studies, the development of the communicative abilities of children with CH and PKU. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe communicative and psycholinguistic abilities in children with CH and PKU. Materials and Methods: Sixty-eight children (25 children aged 1 to 120 months with PKU and 43 children aged 1 to 60 months with CH) participated in the study. The handbooks were analyzed and different instruments were applied (Observation of Communication Behavior, Early Language Milestone Scale, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Gesell & Amatruda's Behavioral Development Scale, Portage Operation Inventory, Language Development Evaluation Scale, Denver Developmental Screening Test, ABFW Child Language Test-phonology and Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities), according to the children's age group and developmental level. Results: It was observed that the children with PKU and CH at risk for alterations in their developmental abilities (motor, cognitive, linguistic, adaptive and personal-social), mainly in the first years of life. Alterations in the psycholinguistic abilities were also found, mainly after the preschool age. Attention deficits, language and cognitive alterations were more often observed in children with CH, while attention deficits with hyperactivity and alterations in the personal-social, language and motor adaptive abilities were more frequent in children with PKU. Conclusion: CH and PKU can cause communicative and psycholinguistic alterations that compromise the communication and affect the social integration and learning of these individuals, proving the need of having these abilities assisted by a speech and language pathologist.

Minas Gerais foi, durante o século 19 e início da centúria seguinte, o mais importante espaço canavieiro do Brasil. Para a década de 1830, estima-se a existência em Minas de 4.150 unidades produtivas com transformação da cana-de-açúcar. A soma dos engenhos do litoral nordestino, do norte fluminense e do Planalto Paulista não alcançava a metade do número de engenhos mineiros. Para este mesmo período, estima-se que em Minas 85 mil cativos eram empregados na fabricação de açúcar e aguardente. Em nenhum outro espaço canavieiro, em qualquer período da história do Brasil escravista, foi empregado contingente desta magnitude. Ainda para a quarta década do Oitocentos, estima-se que Minas Gerais produzia 33.200 toneladas de açúcar. A produção paulista não superava 8.500 toneladas e a de Pernambuco era de 27 mil. As exportações de açúcar da Bahia não perfaziam 30 mil toneladas, e as do Rio de Janeiro não alcançavam 17 mil.During 19th century and the beginning of the following century, Minas Gerais was the most important sugarcane plantation area in Brazil. In the 1830's, there were 4.150 productive unities working with sugarcane transformation in Minas. The sum of all sugar mills in the northeast coast, north of Rio de Janeiro and the plains of São Paulo did not reach half of the number of sugar mills in Minas Gerais. In the same period, it is estimated that 85.000 captives was employed in the fabrication of sugar and of aguardente. That such a large contingent had neither been employed in any other sugarcane plantation area nor in any other period of brazilian slavery history. Furthermore, it is estimated that in the 1830's Minas Gerais produced 33.200 tons of sugar. The sugar production of São Paulo did not surpass 8.500 tons, and the production of Pernambuco was 27.000. The sugar exportation of Bahia was not more than 30.000 tons and the amount exported by Rio de Janeiro did not reach 17.000.

This paper studies the episodes of inflation upsurge in Brazil from 1951 to 1985, a period wherein Brazilian inflation rates were among the highest in the world. It identifies the episodes of inflation upsurge within this period and analyzes whether they were concomitant with and/or preceded by some type of external shock (exchange rate devaluations and/or commodity price shocks). Based on this relationship this paper identifies eight episodes of inflation upsurge and shows that seven out of these eight episodes followed such pattern. We show also that such analysis is strongly associated with the traditional structuralist Latin American inflation theory. Resumo O presente artigo estuda as causas do aumento da inflação no Brasil de 1951 a 1985, período em que as taxas de inflação brasileiras estiveram entre as mais altas do mundo. Para tanto, identifica os episódios de surto inflacionário no Brasil nesse período e observa se eles estiveram relacionados a fatores de pressão de custos, notadamente choques externos (desvalorizações cambiais e / ou choques de preços de commodities. Observa-se que sete dentre os oito episódios de surto inflacionário identificados no período foram precedidos ou concomitantes a alguma forma de choque externo. Mostramos também que essa análise é profundamente associada com a tradição estruturalista Latino Americana em termos de interpretação do fenômeno inflacionário.

Based on the policy document analysis method and a conceptual framework derived from Science and Technology Studies, this paper analyses the construction of institutionally legitimated forms of discursive limitation of energy governance in Brazil. The paper analyzes a subset of selected vital policy documents produced by regulatory bodies such as the National Energy Agency (ANEEL) and the Energy Research Office (EPE). As an insight for further research on the governance of energy policy, the paper’s contribution to the debate is to bring to the fore the relevance of recasting the whole process of regulation of distributed energy in terms of an attempt to build a narrative of control over socio-technical innovation with the potential to democratize access to and use of energy services. This policy narrative’s unspoken goal is to retain control of the Brazilian energy transition at the central level. Resumen Con base en el método de análisis de documentos de política y el enfoque teórico de los Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (STS por el acrónimo en inglés), este artículo analiza la construcción de formas institucionalmente legítimas de normalización discursiva de la energía distribuida en Brasil. El artículo analiza un subconjunto de documentos que se destacan como fundamentales para la definición de la política energética para de energía distribuida, incluidos aquellos elaborados por organismos reguladores como la Agencia Nacional de Energía Eléctrica (ANEEL) y la Agencia de Investigación Energética (EPE). Como contribución a la investigación futura sobre la gobernanza de la política energética, el artículo destaca la relevancia de reformular todo el proceso de regulación de la energía distribuida en términos de un intento de construir una narrativa de control sobre las innovaciones técnicas y su potencial de democratizar el acceso y el uso de los servicios energéticos. El objetivo tácito de esta narrativa política es mantener el control centralizado de la transición energética brasileña. Resumo Com base no método de análise de documentos de política e a abordagem da teoria dos Estudos da Ciência e a Tecnologia, analisamos neste artigo a construção de formas institucionalmente legitimadas de limitação discursiva da energia distribuída no Brasil. No artigo analisa-se um subconjunto de documentos centrais para a definição da política energética da energia distribuída, entre aqueles produzidos por órgãos reguladores, como a Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL) e a Agência de Pesquisa Energética (EPE). Como contribuição para pesquisas futuras sobre a governança da política energética trazemos à tona a relevância de reformular todo o processo de regulação da energia distribuída em termos de uma tentativa de construir uma narrativa de controle sobre as inovações técnicas com potencial para democratizar o acesso e uso dos serviços de energia. O objetivo tácito dessa narrativa política é manter o controle e a centralização

This paper investigated information on monogenean species using 312 scientific papers, to search for infection and geographic distribution patterns in native freshwater fish from Brazil. We used 1,698 samples of 296 fish species of 28 families distributed into Characiformes, Siluriformes, Cichliformes, Gymnotiformes, Perciformes, Mugiliformes, Osteoglossiformes and Clupeiformes, in addition to four hybrid fish. Among the hosts of the different orders and families, the greatest numbers of parasite-host associations were found for species of the families Serrasalmidae, Characidae, Loricariidae, Curimatidae and Anostomidae. The 578 species of monogeneans used in parasite-host interactions were distributed in 86 genera of six five families (Dactylogyridae, Gyrodactylidae, Diplectanidae, Microcotylidae, Ancylodiscoididae and Ancyrocephalidae), but with great predominance of Dactylogyridae species. There was variation in prevalence, intensity and abundance levels of monogeneans species among host fish species, as well as in infection sites that occurred predominantly in external organs. Positive correlations of prevalence, intensity and abundance with body length of hosts were observed. There was geographic distribution pattern of monogeneans limited mostly to two hydrographic basins those being the Amazon River and Paraná River. Just approximately 6% of potential monogeneans have been explored thus far, showing a clear need for further studies on this interesting group of parasites.

This paper parallels the changes experienced by universities and science at the beginning of the new century in order to explore one relevant source of resilience and change inside the universities’ institutional fabric, which is its persistent dependence on the signs and norms produced by science as a nested institution. In no small degree, science is organized according to its norms and values. Notwithstanding, it de facto exists inside the institutional environment created by the university. As such, one could argue that it is a nested institution. Our argument holds that the interplay between the institutional norms coming from the university and science gives rise to one of the more relevant sources of resilience of universities. The paper explores the soundness of these assumptions on primary data collected in a research focusing on the responses of lower-level academic unit leaders in two universities: the University of Tampere, Finland, and the University of São Paulo, Brazil. In each case, we explore the local responses to the changes engendered by autonomy as a proxy of the substantial change in the university's environment, to map how the small academic units respond to a quickly changing external environment. Resumo Este artigo traça um paralelo entre as mudanças experimentadas pelas universidades e pela ciência no início do novo século, a fim de explorar uma fonte relevante de resiliência e mudança na trama institucional das universidades, que é sua persistente dependência dos direcionamentos e normas produzidas pela ciência enquanto instituição aninhada. Em grande parte, a ciência se organiza conforme suas normas e valores. Não obstante, ela existe de fato dentro do ambiente institucional criado pela universidade. Assim, poder-se-ia argumentar que é uma instituição aninhada. Argumentamos aqui que a interação entre as normas institucionais oriundas da universidade e da ciência produz uma das fontes mais relevantes de resiliência das universidades. O artigo explora a validez dessas premissas com base em dados primários coletados em uma pesquisa focada nas respostas de líderes de unidades acadêmicas menores em duas universidades: a Universidade de Tampere, na Finlândia, e a Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Em cada caso, exploramos as respostas locais às mudanças geradas pela autonomia como proxy da mudança substancial no ambiente da universidade, para mapear como as unidades acadêmicas específicas respondem a um ambiente externo que muda rapidamente.

Resumo Este artigo analisa as relações entre os estudos sobre a saúde dos povos indígenas na saúde coletiva e as políticas públicas voltadas para redução das desigualdades étnico-raciais. Tal recorte parte do pressuposto de que a produção científica sobre o tema integra o esforço societário de enfrentamento das iniquidades em saúde e garantia dos direitos e políticas públicas em saúde dos povos indígenas. A partir de mapeamento sistemático da literatura nas bases Pubmed/Medline, SCOPUS, Lilacs, Sociological Abstract e Web of Science, foram localizados 3.417 artigos entre 1956 a 2018 e selecionados 418 para análise. Inicialmente a literatura é marcada pelo referencial biomédico, mas após 1990 amplia-se o número de publicações e o diálogo com as ciências humanas e sociais, incluindo a análise da implementação da política de saúde indígena. Identifica-se que o conhecimento produzido está associado às transformações políticas, sociais e científicas da reforma sanitária e da pauta indigenista. A partir de 2010 há um aumento da produção científica. Conclui-se que o conhecimento que baliza a produção científica sobre saúde indígena foi se constituindo a partir de um horizonte politicamente implicado com as populações estudadas e o aprimoramento do Subsistema de Saúde Indígena. Abstract This paper analyses the relationship between studies on the health of indigenous people in public health and public policies aimed at reducing ethnic-racial inequalities. This selection assumes that scientific production on the subject is part of the societal effort to confront health inequities and guarantee the rights and public policies of indigenous people. In total, 3,417 papers were found between 1956 and 2018, and 418 were selected for analysis from systematic literature mapping in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Lilacs, Sociological Abstract, and Web of Science databases. Initially, the literature is marked by the biomedical benchmark. After 1990, publications and dialogue with the human and social sciences are expanded, including the analysis of the implementation of indigenous health policy. We identified that the knowledge produced is associated with the political, social, and scientific transformations of the health reform and the indigenous agenda. Scientific production increased in 2010. We can conclude that the knowledge guiding the scientific production on indigenous health was established from a horizon politically implicated with the studied populations and improved Indigenous Health Subsystem.

This article analyzes the process of institutional change, focusing on endogenous, exogenous and systemic processes. Scholars usually analyze institutional change considering endogenous and exogenous explanatory factors to talk about the direction and outcomes of the changes. In addition to these two factors, this paper proposes a third one. This paper proposes that the process of institutional change should be understood in terms of systemic variables and should take into account the interactions between institutions as a relevant factor in explaining the veto or promotion of institutional change. Based on qualitative evidence gathered from interviews with key accountability actors in Brazil, the paper discusses the incremental changes that occurred in the Brazilian accountability institutions. We demonstrate that, despite these incremental changes, the final result in terms of institutional change was not a broader systemic change with greater cooperation and coordination of control activities between accountability institutions. Accountability processes are understood as part of a dynamic system, under which competition and cooperation are part of the action repertoire of accountability actors and used differently depending on the situation. Resumo Este artigo analisa o processo de mudança institucional nas instituições de accountability no Brasil, com foco em processos endógenos, exógenos e sistêmicos. Os estudiosos geralmente analisam a mudança institucional considerando fatores explicativos endógenos e exógenos para falar sobre a direção e os resultados das mudanças. Além desses dois fatores, este trabalho propõe um terceiro. Este artigo propõe que o processo de mudança institucional deve ser entendido em termos de variáveis sistêmicas e deve levar em conta as interações entre instituições como um fator relevante na explicação do veto ou promoção da mudança institucional. Com base em evidências qualitativas coletadas de entrevistas com os principais atores das instituições de accountability no Brasil, o artigo discute as mudanças incrementais ocorridas nestas instituições. Demonstramos que, apesar dessas mudanças incrementais, o resultado final em termos de mudança institucional não foi uma mudança sistêmica mais ampla, com maior cooperação e coordenação das atividades de controle entre as instituições de accountability. Os processos de accountability são entendidos como parte de um sistema dinâmico, segundo o qual a concorrência e a cooperação fazem parte do repertório de ação dos agentes e são usados de forma diferente dependendo da situação.

– This paper is an update of the systematic review on Active Play published in 2018 by Mendes et al. This systematic review included studies published between 2018 and 2019. The search for potential articles was performed on the following electronic databases: Pubmed/Medline, Web of Science, Bireme, Scielo and Scopus. Initially, 471 papers met the eligibility criteria. However, after deeply analyzed, only two studies remained and were included in the present review. From these articles only one presented individual information on play activity among adolescents age (12-17 years) from Curitiba-PR and it reveals that 77,2% of them were physically active in their free time. The other study included was about the preferences for leisure activities among adolescents from Florianopolis-SC participants in two cross sectional studies in 2001 and 2011. It showed a significant reduction in the preferences for practicing physical activities, while the opposite occurs with sedentary activities like watching TV, playing video games, and using computers. These results along with the inconsistencies in benchmarks of the domain active play among countries involved in the Global Matrix 3.0 made clear the necessity of a standard definition and a proper tool to measure it. resumo – Este artigo é uma atualização da revisão sistemática sobre Active Play publicada em 2018 por Mendes et al. Esta revisão sistemática incluiu estudos publicados entre 2018 até 2019. A busca de potenciais artigos foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas: Pubmed / Medline, Web of Science, Bireme, Scielo e Scopus. Inicialmente, 471 artigos atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Porém, após análise aprofundada, apenas dois estudos permaneceram e foram incluídos na presente revisão. Destes artigos, apenas um apresentou informações individuais sobre a atividade física entre adolescentes de 12 a 17 anos de idade de Curitiba-PR e revelou que 77,2% deles eram fisicamente ativos no tempo livre. O outro estudo foi sobre as preferências por atividades de lazer entre adolescentes de Florianópolis-SC avaliados nos anos de 2001 e 2011. Este apresentou redução significativa na preferência pela prática de atividades físicas, enquanto o contrário foi observado para atividades sedentárias, como assistir TV, jogar videogame e usar o computador. Esses resultados, juntamente com as inconsistências nos pontos de corte do domínio active play entre os países envolvidos na Matriz Global 3.0, deixaram claro a necessidade de uma definição padrão e de uma ferramenta adequada para medi-la.

Since democratization, Brazil has established a robust network of accountability institutions that perform a myriad of functions in combating corruption. While there is empirical research on the inner workings of the Brazilian accountability network, many questions remain unanswered and many dimensions of the interactions between institutions in this system have yet to be analyzed and uncovered. This paper argues that the accountability literature can benefit from further descriptive empirical studies, especially detailed analyses that account for empirical differences in norms, procedures and sanctions. To promote this type of granular empirical analysis, we formulate a research agenda for the Brazilian accountability system, arguing that the concept of institutional multiplicity has much to offer in this endeavour. Considering the difficulty in capturing the complexity of Brazil's vast network of accountability institutions in a single paper, we focus on the accountability systems for civil servants working for the federal executive branch. Despite being focused on a particular dimension of the accountability system, we hope that the topics proposed here can inform research questions about other areas of the system as well. Resumo Desde a redemocratização, o Brasil estabeleceu uma robusta rede de instituições de accountability que desempenham uma ampla gama de funções no combate à corrupção. Apesar de haver pesquisas empíricas que analisam o funcionamento interno dessas instituições, há diversas questões ainda não abordadas, e muitas dimensões das interações entre as diversas instituições que integram a rede ainda precisam ser analisadas. Diante desse cenário, este artigo argumenta que a literatura sobre accountability pode beneficiar-se de estudos que abordem empiricamente como diferentes instituições da rede de accountability lidam com múltiplas normas, procedimentos e sanções. Com o objetivo de promover esse tipo de análise detalhada, o artigo propõe uma agenda de pesquisa para o sistema de accountability brasileiro a partir do conceito de multiplicidade institucional. Devido à dificuldade de capturar o complexo funcionamento da vasta rede de accountability brasileira, o artigo centra-se no sistema de accountability de servidores públicos civis do poder executivo federal. Apesar de tal recorte, espera-se que as questões aqui propostas possam inspirar perguntas de pesquisa sobre outras áreas do sistema de accountability.

The Brazilian Congress of Soil Science (Congresso Brasileiro de Ciência do Solo - CBCS) is the oldest soil science event in South America. The CBCS had 29,643 participants and 23,621 publications in 30 thematic areas between 1947 and 2017. There were only five editions of the CBCS (1947-1979) in which Soil Fertility did not produce the highest number of papers. Standardization of Soil Study Methods and Representation/Soil Teaching was the most prolific in one year, and Soil Genesis, Morphology, and Cartography produced the most papers in the other four years. Subsequently, the area renamed as Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition had the highest number of papers. By grouping papers into the scientific divisions of the Brazilian Society of Soil Science (Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo - SBCS), we verify that the division of Soil Use and Management had the most papers in most congresses. In 2017, the number of papers and the number of male researchers in the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development were associated for each thematic area. The trends in CBCS publications were influenced by the natural and historic-economic characteristics of the country, in addition to changes that occurred in SBCS, universities, research institutes, and legislation.

The categories that define people on the move must be understood as unstable, contingent, and provisional processes. This paper contributes to a growing body of scholarship that explores the lived complexities of migrant categorization and their social implications. Based on fieldwork in Brazil and Central America, the paper investigates the processual character of categorization by intertwining temporal and spatial dimensions, focusing on specific events to understand the occasions, circumstances, and intentions that bring about adapted or entirely new categories. An eventful notion of categorization demonstrates not only how categories come into being but also how categories remain connected to particular events that are recognized or produced in response to movement. These categories stick to the identity of a subject in transit, confirming and solidifying it; however, they can also challenge the subject’s legal stability, generating new insecurities and (im-)mobilities. Resumo As categorias que definem as pessoas em movimento devem ser entendidas como processos instáveis, contingentes e provisórios. Este artigo contribui para um crescente corpo de estudos que explora as complexidades vividas da categorização de migrantes e suas implicações sociais. Baseado em trabalho de campo no Brasil e na América Central, o artigo investiga o caráter processual da categorização por meio do entrelaçamento das dimensões temporais e espaciais, focalizando eventos específicos para compreender as ocasiões, circunstâncias e intenções que geram categorias adaptadas ou inteiramente novas. Uma noção de categorização que inclui o significado de eventos particulares demonstra não apenas como as categorias surgem, mas também como as categorias permanecem conectadas a eventos particulares que são reconhecidos ou produzidos em resposta ao movimento. Essas categorias aderem à identidade de um sujeito em trânsito, confirmando-a e solidificando-a. No entanto, também podem abalar a estabilidade jurídica do sujeito, gerando novas inseguranças e (im) mobilidades.

Resumo O presente artigo examina as políticas curriculares para o Ensino Médio implementadas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no sul do Brasil, ao longo da última década. Ao situar-se no âmbito dos Estudos Curriculares, priorizam-se analiticamente as racionalidades políticas que operam nos processos de seleção dos conhecimentos a serem ensinados nas escolas. Através de uma análise de textos curriculares, em aproximação a uma leitura sociorrealista, constata-se que as políticas implementadas no referido contexto são engendradas a partir da interface entre os pressupostos da fabricação de padrões curriculares e a constituição de uma comunidade de aprendentes. Abstract This paper examines the curriculum policies for High School implemented in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil, over the last decade. Situated in the context of Curriculum Studies, the paper analytically prioritizes political rationalities operating in the processes of selecting the knowledge to be taught in schools. Through an analysis of curriculum texts, anchored in a social realist perspective, the article indicates that the policies implemented in that context are engendered from the interface between the assumptions of the manufacturing of curriculum standards and the establishment of a community of learners.

A essência do Código Florestal brasileiro é uma alteração nos direitos de propriedade que restringem os usos que os proprietários podem fazer da terra. Neste trabalho, a literatura da nova economia das instituições relacionada à direitos de propriedade é usada para analisar as dificuldades e problemas envolvidos em uma reespecificação de direitos de propriedade desta natureza. Quatro conceitos desta literatura são descritos e aplicados para entender os problemas que o Código Florestal tem encontrado e que certamente irão persistir na nova versão do programa iniciada em 2012: (i) direitos de propriedade como um feixe de direitos (bundle of rights), (ii) evolução de direitos de propriedade, (iii) dependência da trajetória (path dependence) e (iv) 8 princípios para governança de Elinor Ostrom. O trabalho argumenta que a principal questão para o funcionamento do Código Florestal é o nível de incerteza relacionado ao hiato entre as especificações de jure e de facto dos direitos de propriedade. The Brazilian Forest Code restricts landowners’ uses of the land. Changes in property rights are therefore the core element of the program. In this paper the new institutional literature on property rights is used to analyze the main difficulties involved in such a re-specification of rights. Four concepts from this literature are described and applied to better understand the issues that have hindered the program in the past and that affect the current version of the program initiated in 2012: (i) property rights as a ‘bundle of rights’, (ii) evolution of property rights, (iii) path dependence; and Ostrom’s 8 design principles. The paper argues that the key issue for the Forest Code is the level of uncertainty of the gap between the de jure and de facto specification of property rights.

The 1988 federal Constitution introduced a complex and innovative institutional arrangement that not only reestablished political rights and democratic procedures, but also reinforced decentralization as a fundamental guideline for policy implementation in Brazil. As a result, municipalities have become pivotal actors in the policymaking process. Scholars of Latin American politics have given much emphasis to the causes and determinants of decentralization, but not much has been done toward a more general understanding of how this increased decentralization has affected policymaker behavior and policy outcomes. This paper aims to do exactly that. Specifically, it investigates how institutional arrangements and electoral competition affect local government performance. The theoretical basis is the electoral democratic theory that broadly highlights elections as instruments of citizen control in retrospective and prospective voting approaches. The research employs a large-N cross sub-national analysis based on a dataset of electoral, partisan, socioeconomic and public financial information collected from over 5500 municipalities. Local governments’ performance, our dependent variables, are synthetic indicators formulated from 2009 nationwide surveys on public education, health, housing and welfare services. The OLS regression results confirm the hypothesis that politics variables do matter in how politicians make decisions and implement policy under the new Brazilian democratic Era. The empirical evidences suggest that electoral competition does not present a direct effect on government performance, however, ideology and citizen participation do. Therefore, this paper helps to expand our understanding of a political system’s impact on public policy outputs, which is extremely important not only for academic purpose but also to support policymakers’ decisions. Resumo A Constituição Federal de 1988 introduziu um arranjo institucional complexo e inovador que não só restabeleceu direitos políticos e procedimentos democráticos, mas também reforçou a descentralização como uma diretriz fundamental às políticas públicas no Brasil. Como resultado, os municípios se tornaram atores fundamentais no processo de formulação e implementação de políticas públicas. Os estudiosos da política latino-americana deram muita ênfase às causas e determinantes da descentralização, mas pouco avançaram em entender como o aumento da descentralização tem afetado o comportamento dos formuladores e os resultados das políticas, em termos mais gerais. Este artigo pretende fazer exatamente isso. Mais especificamente, investiga-se como arranjos institucionais e competição eleitoral afetam o desempenho do governo local. A base teórica é a teoria democrática eleitoral que destaca os instrumentos de controle do cidadão em abordagens de votação retrospectiva e prospectiva. A pesquisa emprega a análise transversal (cross-section) baseada em um conjunto de dados de informações eleitorais, partidárias, socioeconômicas e de finanças públicas coletadas de mais de 5500 municípios. Os desempenhos do governo local, nossas variáveis dependentes, são representados por indicadores sintéticos formulados a partir de pesquisas oficiais nacionais de sobre educação pública, saúde, habitação e serviços de assistência social. Os resultados da regressão OLS confirmam a hipótese de que a política importa no processo de tomada de decisões e na implementação de políticas na atual Era democrática brasileira. As evidências empíricas sugerem que a competição eleitoral não apresenta efeito direto sobre o desempenho do governo, no entanto, ideologia e participação dos cidadãos sim. Portanto, este artigo ajuda a expandir nossa compreensão do impacto do sistema político sobre os resultados das políticas públicas, o que é importante não apenas para fins acadêmicos, mas também para apoiar o processo decisório nos governos.

Background: The present paper aims to study the prevalence of the various manifestations of hyperhidrosis in patients who sought treatment in a specialized ambulatory in the state of São Paulo. Objectives: Opposite to previous studies, this paper studies the different combinations of sweating sites, not being restricted to the main complaint site of the patients, but taking into consideration secondary complaints patients may present. Methods: This was a retrospective approach of a database containing more than 1200 patients in which were mapped: combination of sweating sites, age of onset, age spectrum, mean age, body mass index and gender of patients. Patients were categorized into four groups based on their main sweating site - palmar, plantar, axillary and facial. Results: We concluded that hyperhidrosis appears frequently in more than one site, being the main complaint that affects the most patients palmar hyperhidrosis, which appears early in the patients during adolescence. When there are two sites of sweating, the most frequent combination is palmar + plantar, and when there are three sites of sweating the most frequent combinations are palmar + plantar + axillary and axillary + palmar + plantar. Study limitations: This research has casuistics limited to a single care service for patients with hyperhidrosis. Conclusion: It is necessary to keep in mind that the disease manifests itself mainly in more than one location, with different intensities in each of the patients, generating a significant impairment of their quality of life.

Este trabalho tem como objeto a estratificação social do consumo alimentar. Nele, pretende-se investigar a possível homologia entre as práticas no campo da alimentação, de um lado, e as posições relativas dos agentes no espaço social, de outro. Nesse sentido, a investigação aqui proposta se insere num conjunto de estudos inspirados pela sociologia das classes de Pierre Bourdieu, cujo tema é a dimensão simbólica das relações de classe. Secundariamente, busca-se avançar o entendimento dos mecanismos de reprodução social, sobretudo o papel dos estilos de vida na produção e reprodução de desigualdades e hierarquias simbólicas. The social stratification of food consumption is the main empirical object of this paper. It aims to investigate the possible homology between the practices in the field of food consumption, on the one hand, and the relative positions in social space occupied by social agents, on the other hand. Therefore, such an investigation may be included in a set of studies influenced by Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology of class, which the matizes the symbolic dimensional of class relations. Secondarily, this paper attempts to further our understanding of the mechanisms of social reproduction, especially regarding the role of lifestyles in the production and reproduction of inequalities and symbolic hierarchies. Ce travail pour objet la stratification sociale de la consommation alimentaire. Il prétend, d’une part, étudier l’éventuelle homologie entre les pratiques dans le domaine de l’alimentation et, d’autre part, les positions relatives des agents dans l’espace social. C’est ainsi que la recherche que nous proposons s’insère dans une série d’études inspirées par la sociologie des classes de Pierre Bourdieu, dont le thème est la dimension symbolique des relations de classe. De façon secondaire, nous cherchons à faire avancer la compréhension des mécanismes de la reproduction sociale, en particulier le rôle des modes de vie dans la production et la reproduction des inégalités et des hiérarchies symboliques.

Toxoplasma gondii can cross the placental barrier, causing fetal infection with potentially severe sequelae. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the serological screening for toxoplasmosis should be included in the basic neonatal heel prick test in order to establish criteria for the confirmation and/or exclusion of the diagnosis of congenital infection in newborns treated at three public health units in the metropolitan region of Goiania, Goias State, Brazil. Blood samples were collected on filter paper from newborns and later, peripheral blood samples from the mothers and their respective children were obtained to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of suspected congenital infection, by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IgM and IgG) and a polymerase chain reaction assay. From a total of 1,159 blood samples collected on filter paper, 43.92% were reactive to IgG and 0.17% to anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG. One hundred and twenty-seven paired samples (mother and child) were collected following consensual protocols for peripheral blood collection. Results obtained from the filter paper and peripheral blood of the newborns were 90.55% concordant. A comparison of the mother and child blood test results showed agreement regarding the detection of IgG in 90.48% of the samples. The parasite DNA was detected in the peripheral blood of one child. In view of the results obtained in this study, the inclusion of the serological screening for toxoplasmosis in the newborn heel prick test proved to be effective for the early detection of congenital T. gondii infection.

The Brazilian government has over the past years promulgated a mix of orthodox and heterodox policies for Brazil's economic development. This paper seeks to test whether the existing economic ideas have been prescriptive in formulating the policies, or whether they have been the outcome of the "infusion of private interests" (Katzenstein, 1978) in the policy making process. To this end, the paper charts the origins of the unilateral opening for trade in the agribusiness and contrasts them with the policy process in the car industry, where trade barriers have been erected. The article will identify the channels through which private actors informed the government's interventions and show that the industry bodies have largely prodded the government. The resulting policy maze has left both the representatives of the orthodox as well those of the heterodox approach unsatisfied and has failed to halt Brazil's dwindling manufacturing capabilities. RESUME: Ao longo dos últimos anos o governo brasileiro tem promulgado uma mistura de políticas ortodoxas e heterodoxas para o desenvolvimento econômico. Este trabalho visa testar se as ideias econômicas existentes têm sido prescritivas na formulação das políticas, ou se têm sido o resultado da "infusão de interesses privados" (Katzenstein, 1978) no processo de decisão política. Para esse efeito, o artigo traça as origens da abertura unilateral para o comércio no agronegócio e as contrasta com o processo político na indústria automobilística, onde as barreiras comerciais foram erguidas. O artigo irá identificar os canais através dos quais os atores privados informaram as intervenções do governo e mostrar que os organismos da indústria estimularam o governo. O labirinto político resultante deixou insatisfeitos tanto os representantes ortodoxos bem como aqueles da abordagem heterodoxa, e não conseguiu parar o encolhimento da capacidade manufatureira do Brasil.

Objective A systematic review was conducted to analyze Brazilian scientific and technological production related to the dental materials field over the past 50 years. Material and Methods This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (Prisma) statement. Searches were performed until December 2014 in six databases: MedLine (PubMed), Scopus, LILACS, IBECS, BBO, and the Cochrane Library. Additionally, the Brazilian patent database (INPI - Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial) was screened in order to get an overview of Brazilian technological development in the dental materials field. Two reviewers independently analyzed the documents. Only studies and patents related to dental materials were included in this review. Data regarding the material category, dental specialty, number of documents and patents, filiation countries, and the number of citations were tabulated and analyzed in Microsoft Office Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, United States). Results A total of 115,806 studies and 53 patents were related to dental materials and were included in this review. Brazil had 8% affiliation in studies related to dental materials, and the majority of the papers published were related to dental implants (1,137 papers), synthetic resins (681 papers), dental cements (440 papers), dental alloys (392 papers) and dental adhesives (361 papers). The Brazilian technological development with patented dental materials was smaller than the scientific production. The most patented type of material was dental alloys (11 patents), followed by dental implants (8 patents) and composite resins (7 patents). Conclusions Dental materials science has had a substantial number of records, demonstrating an important presence in scientific and technological development of dentistry. In addition, it is important to approximate the relationship between academia and industry to expand the technological development in countries such as Brazil.

In this paper some preliminary fossil specimens are presented. They represent a collection sampled by Belo Monte’s Programa de Salvamento do Patrimônio Paleontológico (PSPP), which includes unprecedented invertebrate fauna and fossil vertebrates from Pitinga, Jatapu, Manacapuru, Maecuru e Alter do Chão formations from Amazonas basin, Brazil. The Belo Monte paleontological salvage was able to recover 495 microfossil samples and 1744 macrofossil samples on 30 months of sampling activities, and it is still ongoing. The macrofossils identified are possible plant remains, ichnofossils, graptolites, brachiopods, molluscs, athropods, Agnatha, palynomorphs (miosphores, acritarchs, algae cysts, fungi spores and unidentified types) and unidentified fossils. However, deep scientific research is not part of the scope of the program, and this collection must be further studied by researchers who visit Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, where the fossils will be housed. More material will be collected until the end of the program. The collection sampled allows a mosaic composition with the necessary elements to assign, in later papers, taxonomic features which may lead to accurate species identification and palaeoenvironmental interpretations. Resumo Neste artigo são apresentados de forma preliminar alguns espécimes fósseis representativos do acervo coletado no Programa de Salvamento do Patrimônio Paleontológico (PSPP) da UHE Belo Monte, que inclui fauna vertebrada e invertebrada inédita das formações Pitinga, Jatapu, Manacapuru, Maecuru e Alter do Chão, da bacia do Amazonas, Brasil. No salvamento paleontológico de Belo Monte foi possível recuperar 495 amostras para microfósseis e 1744 amostras com macrofósseis em 30 meses de amostragem, que ainda continua em andamento. Os macrofósseis identificados são possíveis restos de plantas, icnofósseis, graptolitos, braquiópodes, moluscos, artópodes, Agnatha, palinomorfos (miósporos, acritarcas, cistos de alga, esporos de fungo e tipos indeterminados) além de fósseis não identificados. No entanto, pesquisa científica aprofundada não é parte do escopo do programa, e esta coleção deve ser estudada no futuro por pesquisadores pela visita ao Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, onde os fósseis ficarão depositados. Mais material será coletado até o fim de 2015. A assemblagem coletada permite a composição de mosaico com elementos necessários para a definição, em artigos futuros, características taxonômicas que levarão à identificação precisa de espécies e interpretações paleoambientais.

RESUMOAs políticas de apoio à inovação vêm fazendo parte da agenda econômica de países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, destacando-se a proliferação de programas direcionados às empresas de pequeno porte. O objetivo do presente artigo é o de analisar a abrangência e efetividade dos atuais programas de apoio à inovação direcionados às pequenas empresas brasileiras. Elabora-se uma análise evolutiva da incidência dos programas sobre seu público alvo nos anos 2000, e da sua efetividade, por meio de indicadores de esforço e desempenho inovativos das empresas contempladas e não contempladas pelos programas, considerando-se também o recorte setorial. A análise empírica baseou-se em dados das últimas três edições da Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica (Pintec), de 2003, 2005 e 2008, realizadas pelo IBGE, obtidos mediante uma tabulação especial desenvolvida para o presente trabalho. Dentre os resultados encontrados verifica-se que o apoio às atividades inovativas das pequenas empresas tem crescido, tanto em termos de magnitude dos recursos envolvidos quanto em termos de diversificação dos instrumentos, promovendo um aprimoramento do esforço inovativo desse segmento representativo de empresas brasileiras. ABSTRACTInnovation policies have increasingly been part of the economic agenda of developed and developing countries, particularly through programs focused on small businesses. The objective of this paper is to analyze the scope and effectiveness of innovation policies in Brazil, with an emphasis on new tools to foster small business innovation. Analyzing Brazilian public policies focused on fostering innovation in small businesses, this paper presents, with a pioneering feature, the profile of firms that have access to public resources. It will also present the indicators of innovative effort and performance for those that benefited or not from public program resources, as well as considering a sectoral analysis. The empirical analysis is based on data from the last three issues of the Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica (Pintec 2003, 2005 and 2008), with the use of a tabulation developed by IBGE especially for this paper. The results suggest that the public support for the innovative activities of small businesses is growing in terms of the magnitude of the available resources as well as the diversification of instruments used, promoting improvements regarding the innovative efforts of this representative segment of Brazilian firms.

Resumo A Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional (RBSO) é o periódico científico do campo da Saúde do Trabalhador publicado pela Fundacentro desde 1973. O percurso histórico, o desempenho atual, os desafios e as perspectivas futuras da RBSO são discutidos a partir de análise documental. A história da revista pode ser dividida em três períodos, começando durante o governo militar. No início, se constituiu em veículo de difusão de conhecimentos e da política de prevenção de acidentes, na qual a Fundacentro desempenhava papel central. No início dos anos 80 abre-se espaço para publicações de caráter técnico científico, assim como o campo da Saúde do Trabalhador surge em suas páginas. Em 2005-6, um processo de reestruturação é implementado, assegurando política e estruturas editoriais independentes. Desde 2006, 139 artigos originais e nove dossiês temáticos foram publicados; a Revista está indexada em 9 bases; Qualis/CAPES B1 na área Interdisciplinar e B2 em Saúde coletiva, com tendência ascendente no Fator de Impacto SciELO e índice h5 no Google Scholar. Todavia, a relativa baixa produção científica no campo e o alto índice de rejeição de manuscritos podem colocar em risco a sobrevivência do “lócus principal” para publicações científicas no campo da Saúde do Trabalhador. Abstract The Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional (RBSO) - Brazilian Journal of Occupational Health - is an academic peer-reviewed journal in the field of Workers’ Health that has been published by Fundacentro since 1973. Its historical trajectory, current performance, challenges and future perspectives were approached, in this paper, from a documental analysis. The journal's history can be divided into three periods, starting during the military government. At the beginning, the journal was the official vehicle for the Brazilian occupational accidents prevention policy, in which Fundacentro played a central role. The early 1980s opens space for technical-scientific publications and the field of Workers’ Health emerges on the journal's pages. In 2005-6, a restructuring process is implemented, ensuring independent editorial policy and structures. Since 2006, 139 original papers and 9 thematic issues have been published. The journal is indexed in 9 bibliographic databases, has been ranked B1 in the field of interdisciplinary studies and B2 in the field of public health by CAPES, has an upward trend in the SciELO Impact Factor, and has an h-index of 5 in Google Scholar. Nevertheless, the low scientific production in the field and the high rate of rejection of manuscripts may jeopardize the survival of the journal, which is the main locus for scientific publications in the field of Workers’ Health.

This paper aims to describe the implementation process of the Prison Primary Care Teams in Rio Grande do Sul, the frequency of tuberculosis notifications in people deprived of liberty, and their chronological relationship. This documentary research is nested in a descriptive cross-sectional study of historical series. We analyzed the decrees on the qualification of Prison Primary Care Teams, the number, and the year of notification of tuberculosis cases from the National System of Notifiable Diseases from 2014 to 2020. The state of Rio Grande do Sul pioneered prison health municipalization and shared financing, which resulted in the implementation of 45 teams, covering approximately 54.5% of people deprived of liberty a closed regime. The teams notified 5,175 cases of tuberculosis from 2014 to 2020, with a progressive increase in the notification of cases and the implementation of new teams. The strategy of implementing Prison Primary Care Teams driven by the National Comprehensive Health Care Policy for People Deprived of Liberty in the Prison System was crucial for increasing TB diagnosis, notification, and control in Rio Grande do Sul.Os objetivos deste artigo são descrever o processo de implementação das Equipes de Atenção Primária Prisional no Rio Grande do Sul, a frequência de notificações de tuberculose na população privada de liberdade e a relação cronológica entre ambas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental aninhada a um estudo transversal descritivo de série histórica. Foram analisadas as portarias de habilitação de Equipes de Atenção Primária Prisional e os números e os anos de notificação dos casos de tuberculose oriundos do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação no período de 2014 a 2020. O estado do Rio Grande do Sul foi pioneiro na municipalização e cofinanciamento da saúde prisional, o que resultou na implantação de 45 equipes, com cobertura aproximada de 54,5% das pessoas privadas de liberdade em regime fechado. As equipes notificaram, entre 2014 e 2020, 5.175 casos de tuberculose, com incremento progressivo da notificação de casos, assim como a implantação de novas equipes. A estratégia de implantação de Equipes de Atenção Primária Prisional, impulsionada pela Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde das Pessoas Privadas de Liberdade no Sistema Prisional, mostrou-se de fundamental importância para o aumento de diagnósticos, notificações e controle da tuberculose no estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

This paper presents an experience report on the supervision of deinstitutionalization of the prison system through the articulation of the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) conducted from 2014 to 2021 within the Superintendence of Mental Health/Municipal Health Secretariat of Rio de Janeiro. This work of deinstitutionalizing people deprived of liberty with mental health problems consists of actions at the exit and entrance doors of the prison system and actions for the care of unimputable and imputable people with mental disorders. In the light of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, formalized by Law No. 10,216/2001, we aim to present an approach to this process counting on the possibilities of building care policies for insane offenders that are not punitive or segregating. The practical results of this work include more significant participation of the network in the construction of care for insane offenders, elaborating policies that avoid the prison career or reduce the asylum time in the penal system, and understanding that security measures must always have an outpatient nature.Este artigo apresenta o relato da experiência de supervisão de desinstitucionalização do sistema prisional a partir da articulação da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS), realizada de 2014 a 2021 no âmbito da Superintendência de Saúde Mental/Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de um trabalho de desinstitucionalização de pessoas privadas de liberdade com agravos em saúde mental e dividiu-se em atuações nas portas de saída e de entrada do sistema prisional e em ações voltadas para o cuidado de pessoas com transtornos mentais consideradas inimputáveis e imputáveis. À luz da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira, formalizada pela Lei nº 10.216/2001, pretende-se apresentar uma abordagem sobre esse processo apostando em possibilidades de construir políticas de cuidado para o louco infrator que não sejam punitivistas ou segregadoras. Os resultados práticos desse trabalho incluem uma maior participação da rede na construção do cuidado para o louco infrator, a elaboração de políticas que evitem a carreira prisional ou reduzam o tempo de manicomialização no sistema penal e a compreensão de que a medida de segurança deve sempre ter caráter ambulatorial.

This paper aims to analyze the process of medicine dispensation in prisons. A qualitative study was conducted in seven penitentiaries in Paraíba with 13 health professionals and 43 people deprived of liberty using essential/strategic medicines from February to August 2016. The results were categorized from the perspective of Bardin's content analysis. Three categories emerged: medicine storage location in the prison system, delivery process in the prison system, and health-related responsibilities with pharmaceutical care. We can conclude that the lack of pharmacies, the legal non-compliance regarding the availability of skilled professionals with technical competencies to perform the dispensation, focusing on the quality/safety standards and relevance of the use and storage guidelines associated with the lack of clarity in the definition of health responsibilities of managers from a government authority, are factors that compromise the policy since they increase the investment, but do not ensure pharmaceutical care in the prison system.Este artigo objetiva analisar o processo de dispensação de medicamentos em unidades prisionais. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, em sete penitenciárias do estado da Paraíba, sendo entrevistados 13 profissionais de saúde e 43 pessoas privadas de liberdade em uso de medicamentos essenciais/estratégicos, no período compreendido entre os meses de fevereiro a agosto de 2016. Os resultados foram categorizados na perspectiva da análise de conteúdo de Bardin e três categorias emergiram: armazenamento de medicamentos no sistema penitenciário, processo de dispensação de medicamentos no sistema penitenciário e responsabilidades sanitárias para garantir a assistência farmacêutica. Conclui-se que a inexistência de farmácias, o não cumprimento legal no que se refere a presença do profissional com habilidade e competência técnica para realizar a dispensação primando pelos padrões de qualidade/segurança e pela relevância das orientações relacionadas ao uso e armazenamento, associado a falta de clareza na definição das responsabilidades sanitárias dos gestores a partir da instância de governo, são fatores que comprometem a política uma vez que incrementam o investimento, mas não garantem a assistência farmacêutica no sistema prisional.

This paper aims to discuss the issue of diversity from its incorporation into the training of health professionals through the analysis of the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN) of two Brazilian undergraduate health courses: medicine and psychology. Thus, it debates the concept of diversity from the contribution of the social sciences, considering the multiple concepts in the nature of social and cultural differences, breaking with essentialist concepts of difference. Reflecting on how diversity appears in the curricular guidelines of these courses, it analyzes from recent studies how this has been considered in training and the main challenges. Intersectionality is an essential political theoretical framework to apprehend the articulation of multiple differences and inequalities acting in a dynamic, fluid, and flexible way from particular historical contexts. Thus, it is sensitive to address the issue of diversity in the training of health professionals. We highlight the importance of studying differences, suggesting an analytical framework that articulates discourses, practice, subjectivation, and social relationships.O artigo tem como objetivo discutir a questão da diversidade a partir da sua incorporação na formação dos profissionais de saúde por meio da análise das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) de dois cursos de graduação na área da saúde no Brasil: medicina e psicologia. Para isso, problematiza a questão da diversidade a partir da contribuição das ciências sociais, ao considerar as múltiplas noções presentes na natureza das diferenças sociais e culturais, rompendo com conceitos essencialistas de diferença. Reflete-se sobre como a diversidade está presente nas diretrizes curriculares desses cursos e, a partir de trabalhos recentes, analisa-se como a diversidade tem sido contemplada na formação, bem como os principais desafios colocados. A interseccionalidade é considerada um referencial teórico político importante para apreender a articulação de múltiplas diferenças e desigualdades que atuam de forma dinâmica, fluida e flexível a partir de contextos históricos particulares, sendo nesse sentido sensível para abordar a questão da diversidade na formação dos profissionais de saúde. Destaca-se a importância de realizar uma análise das diferenças, sugerindo um quadro analítico que articule discursos e práticas, formas de subjetivação e relações sociais.

Este artigo analisa um conjunto de planos de vilas operárias e núcleos fabris concebidos no Brasil, seguindo - de forma mais ou menos fiel - postulados e ferramentas de projeto difundidos no âmbito do urbanismo das cidades-jardim. Mostra como o urbanismo das cidades-jardim encontrou campo de aplicação em projetos desta natureza no país na primeira metade do século XX, sobretudo nas décadas de 1920, 1930 e 1940. A abordagem destaca três questões: o número significativo de projetos produzidos, suas características e suas referências projetuais. Nesse sentido, o trabalho aborda como se deu a apropriação e reelaboração das cidades-jardim em 14 empreendimentos ligados a fábricas, projetados por profissionais - sobretudo engenheiros e arquitetos - como Ângelo Bruhns, Lincoln Continentino, Ângelo Murgel, Attilio Correa Lima, Francisco Baptista de Oliveira, Abelardo Soares Caiuby e Romeu Duffles. Assinala como estratégias e procedimentos projetuais vinculados aos modelos espaciais das cidades-jardim foram, na maioria das vezes, aplicados de forma parcial e restrita, postura associada aos requisitos de economia que regem os empreendimentos industriais e à urgência como alguns destes conjuntos foram erguidos, exigindo - em alguns casos - que o plano se moldasse ao já construído ou em construção. Destaca o uso, em algumas dessas ocorrências, de fundamentos e ferramentas de projeto empregados e propostos por urbanistas como Barry Parker e Raymond Unwin, bem como as qualidades excepcionais do projeto da vila operária da Companhia Commercio e Navegação, localizada em Niterói (RJ), pela utilização abrangente desse método de projeto, integrando urbanismo, arquitetura e paisagem. The paper analyzes a group of plans of mill villages and company towns designed in Brazil, following - more or less anchored - postulates and design tools disseminated within the planning of garden cities. Shows how the garden cities planning found scope in projects of this nature in the country in the first half of the twentieth century, especially in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. The approach highlights three issues: the significant number of projects produced, their characteristics and their projective references. In this sense, the work discusses how was the appropriation and reworking of garden cities in 14 developments related to factories, designed by professionals - especially engineers and architects - as Angelo Bruhns, Lincoln Continentino, Angelo Murgel, Attilio Correa Lima, Francisco Baptista de Oliveira, Abelardo Soares Caiuby e Romeo Duffles. Signalizes as strategies and procedures related to the spatial model of garden cities were most often applied in a partial and limited way, associated with the requirements of economy that govern industrial developments and with the urgency as some of these sets were erected, requiring - in some cases - that the plan needed to adjust to the already built or under construction. The paper lay emphasis on the application in some of these projects of principles and design tools used and proposed by planners as Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin, as well as the exceptional qualities of the design of the Commercio and Navigation Company housing development for comprehensive utilization of this method of design, integrating urbanism, architecture and landscape.

The main goal of our paper is to provide analytical arguments to explain why Brazil has not been able to restore its long-term capacity for economic growth, especially compared with its economy in the 1950-1979 period (7.3 per cent per year on average) or even with a number of emerging economies in the 1980-2010 period (6.7 per cent per year on average, against 2.3 per cent per year on average in Brazil in the same period). We build our idea of convention to growth based on the Keynesian concept of convention. For our purposes, this concept could be briefly summarized as the way in which the set of public and private economic decisions related to different objectives, such as how much to produce and invest, how much to charge for products and services, how to finance public and private debt, how to finance research and development, and so on, are indefinitely – or at least until there is no change – carried out by the political, economic and social institutions. This analytical reference can be connected to the Neo-Schumpeterian National Innovation System (NIS) concept, which emphasizes not only institutions associated with science and technology per se, but also the complex interaction among them and other institutions. In this paper we identify two conventions to long-term growth in the last three decades in Brazil: the liberal and the neo-developmental. We show that the poor performance in the Brazilian economy in terms of real GDP growth from the 1980s on can be explained by a weak coordination between short-term macroeconomic policies and long-term industrial and technological policies. This weak coordination, in turn, can be associated with the prevalence of the liberal convention from the 1990s on, which has emphasized price stabilization to the detriment of a neo-developmental strategy whose primary goal is to sustain higher rates of growth and full employment in Brazil. JEL Classification: 01; 02; 05.

RESUMO A estratégia de lobbying, caracterizada pelo complexo processo de defesa de interesses diante do poder público, compõe o exercício da Atividade Política Corporativa (APC). Observa-se no Brasil, desde 1984, tentativas malsucedidas de regulamentação do lobby. Com isso, o ambiente em que se dão as relações se torna menos transparente e sensível nas esferas ética, política e empresarial. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é compreender, à luz da perspectiva teóricometodológica da Análise Crítica do Discurso, como os discursos contidos nas propostas vigentes de regulamentação do lobby participam, de forma dialética, das mudanças sociais almejadas pelos seus propositores. Como principais resultados da discussão, ressaltamos que não regulamentar o lobby é um problema, pois mantém-se o status quo. E regulamentar, da forma proposta, trará novos problemas, na medida em que se mantém o status quo de dominação da elite político-empresarial, em detrimento da sociedade; contudo, sob nova roupagem, da falta de transparência na relação público-privado mascarada como regulamentação. The lobbying strategy, characterized by the complex process of defending interests before the public authorities, is part of the exercise of Corporate Political Activity (CPA). Since 1984, unsuccessful attempts at lobby regulation have been observed in Brazil. With this, the environment in which relationships take place becomes less transparent and sensitive in the ethical, political and business spheres. Thus, the objective of this paper is to understand, in the light of the theoretical-methodological perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis, how the discourses contained in the current proposals for lobby regulation participate, in a dialectical way, in the social changes desired by their proponents. As the main results of the discussion, we highlight that not regulating lobbying is a problem, since the status quo is maintained. And regulating, as proposed, will bring new problems, as the status quo of domination by the political-business elite remains, to the detriment of society, however, under a new guise, the lack of transparency in the public-private relationship masquerading as regulation. La estrategia de lobby, caracterizada por el complejo proceso de defensa de los intereses ante los poderes públicos, forma parte del ejercicio de la Actividad Política Corporativa (APC). En Brasil, desde 1984, se han observado intentos infructuosos de regular el lobby. Con ello, el entorno en el que se desarrollan las relaciones se vuelve menos transparente y sensible en los ámbitos ético, político y empresarial. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo es comprender, a la luz de la perspectiva teórico-metodológica del Análisis Crítico del Discurso, cómo los discursos contenidos en las actuales propuestas de regulación del lobby participan, de forma dialéctica, en los cambios sociales deseados por sus impulsores. Como principales resultados de la discusión, creemos que no regular los grupos de interés es un problema, pero que se mantiene el statu quo. Y la regulación, tal como se propone, traerá nuevos problemas, ya que se mantiene el statu quo de la dominación de la élite político-empresarial, en detrimento de la sociedad, sin embargo, bajo un nuevo disfraz, la falta de transparencia en la relación público-privada disfrazada como regulación.