Search

The fault diagnosis of the inverter is fundamental to energy intelligence. Due to the complex characteristics of the inverter (e.g., high-dimensional decision and poor stability), it is challenging to solve the problem using traditional fault diagnosis methods. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches have emerged as the most promising methods. However, they often require to set hyperparameters manually, which hinders further AI-based applications in fault diagnosis of inverters. To fill the gap, we propose an inverter fault diagnosis method using fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and evolutionary neural network. This method combines the amplitude of low-frequency harmonic component of the three-phase inverter output current which is obtained by FFT and the average value in a period of three-phase inverter output current into the fault eigenvector. This method uses an evolutionary neural network trained by combining genetic algorithm (GA), ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm and Back-propagation (BP) algorithm to realize fault diagnosis. This method can effectively resist noise interference and reduce the number of independent variables in the part of feature extraction, so that it can simplify the network model. In addition, this method can avoid the network training from trapping in local optima in the part of fault classification, with high accuracy and fast response speed. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm and method of fault feature extraction can effectively detect and locate the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with open circuit (OC) fault in three-phase inverter, and can be applied to online monitoring.

Background: Chromobox family proteins (CBXs) are vital components of epigenetic regulation complexes and transcriptionally inhibit target genes by modifying the chromatin. Accumulating evidence indicates that CBXs are involved in the initiation and progression of multiple malignancies. However, the expression, function, and clinical relevance such as the prognostic and diagnostic values of different CBXs in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) are still unclear.Methods: We applied Oncomine, TCGA, GEO, GEPIA, UALCAN, Kaplan–Meier plotter, cBioPortal, Metascape, and TIMER to investigate the roles of CBX family members in ESCA. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR), western blot, and immunofluorescence were used to verify the expression of CBX family members in ESCA clinical samples.Results: Compared with normal tissues, the mRNA expression levels of CBX1/3/8 were significantly increased in ESCA, whereas CBX7 mRNA expression was reduced in both the TCGA cohort and GEO cohort. In the TCGA cohort, ROC curves suggested that CBX1/2/3/4/8 had great diagnostic value in ESCA, and the AUCs were above 0.9. Furthermore, upregulation of CBX1/3/8 and downregulation of CBX7 were closely related to the clinicopathological parameters in ESCA patients, such as tumor grades, tumor nodal metastasis status, and TP53 mutation status. The survival analysis indicated that higher CBX1/3/8 mRNA expressions and lower CBX7 expression suggested an unfavorable prognosis in ESCA. High genetic change rate (52%) of CBXs was found in ESCA patients. Functions and pathways of mutations in CBXs and their 50 frequently altered neighbor genes in ESCA patients were investigated; the results showed that DNA repair and DNA replication were correlated to CBX alterations. Moreover, we found a significant correlation between the expression level of CBX family members and the infiltration of immune cells in ESCA. Finally, we verified the expression of CBX family members in clinical samples and found the results were consistent with the databases.Conclusion: Our study implied that CBX1/3/7/8 are potential targets of precision therapy for ESCA patients and new biomarkers for the prognosis.

The lung is constantly exposed to environmental particulates such as aeroallergens, pollutants, or microorganisms and is protected by a poised immune response. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a population of immune cells found in a variety of tissue sites, particularly barrier surfaces such as the lung and the intestine. ILCs play a crucial role in the innate immune system, and they are involved in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, inflammation regulation, tissue remodeling, and pathogen clearance. In recent years, group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have emerged as key mediators of mucosal protection and repair during infection, mainly through IL-17 and IL-22 production. Although research on ILC3s has become focused on the intestinal immunity, the biology and function of pulmonary ILC3s in the pathogenesis of respiratory infections and in the development of chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases remain elusive. In this review, we will mainly discuss how pulmonary ILC3s act on protection against pathogen challenge and pulmonary inflammation, as well as the underlying mechanisms.