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3,786 results on '"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France"'

1. Cobalt(II) and cobalt(III) complexes of tripodal tetradentate diamino-bis(phenolate) ligands: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structures and evaluation in radical polymerization processes

Author: Maxime Michelas, Yasmine K. Redjel, Jean-Claude Daran, Meriem Benslimane, Rinaldo Poli, Christophe Fliedel, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherche de Chimie de l'Environnement et Moléculaire Structurale (CHEMS), Université frères Mentouri Constantine I (UMC), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF, France), and ANR-19-CE07-0031,POLYSWITCH,Commutation de mécanisme de polymérisation par des complexes de coordination(2019)
Subjects: Inorganic Chemistry, Amino-phenolate ligands, Radical polymerization, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Cobalt, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Acetato (OAc) complex, X-ray crystallography
Abstract: International audience; The synthesis and characterization of cobalt(II) (3, 4) and acetato cobalt(III) (5) complexes with two tripodal tetradentate diamino-bis(phenolate) ligands (L1 and L2) are reported. The solid-state structures of proligand H2L1 and complexes 4 and 5 were determined by X-ray crystallography. Complex 4 crystallizes as a dimer via the formation of a Co2O2 core. Complex 5 is monomeric with a six-coordinated cobalt(III) center bearing a chelating acetate ligand. In both structures, the diamino-bis(phenolate) ligand (L1 or L2) is acting as a tetradentate dianionic κ4-(O2,N2) chelating ligand. The diamagnetic nature of complex 5 allowed its characterization by multinuclear NMR spectroscopic techniques. Complex 5 is not a competent unimolecular initiator for the radical polymerization of methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate. Its cobalt(II) analog (3) did not act as an efficient OMRP moderator for the radical polymerization of activated (styrene, tert-butyl acrylate) and non-activated (vinyl acetate) monomers.
Published: 2023
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2. Multi-fidelity Bayesian optimization strategy applied to Overall Drone Design

Author: Charayron, Rémy, Lefebvre, Thierry, Bartoli, Nathalie, Morlier, Joseph, ONERA / DTIS, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Mécanique des structures, MFSEGO, CONCEPTION DRONE, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Multi-fidelity, Overall Drone Design, drone design, [MATH]Mathematics [math], bayesian optimization, OPTIMISATION BAYESIENNE, Bayesian optimization
Abstract: International audience; Nowadays, drones can be developed for a wide range of use cases, from infrastructure monitoring to sea rescue, urban mobility or military purposes. Which drone design is best suited for a specific mission? To answer this question, we need to solve a constrained optimization problem based on a multidisciplinary design model that takes the mission into account. The model generally being a computationally expensive numerical model whose gradients are not available all the time encourages us to consider a Bayesian optimization approach. Such strategy is well known to achieve a trade-off between exploitation and exploration in order to find interesting minimal area with a reduced number of function evaluations. A multi-fidelity approach can improve even more the computational efficiency of the Bayesian optimization strategy. In this work, we aim at designing a fixed-wing drone (fully electric) for long range surveillance mission. Two fidelity level electric drone models are developed. For a given mission requirement, the final battery state of charge is optimized with respect to drone design variables. Optimizations are performed on several missions using both a mono and a multi-fidelity Bayesian optimization strategy. The interest of using a multi-fidelity method for overall drone design has been assessed. The multi-fidelity super-efficient global optimization algorithm (MFSEGO) appeared to need less budget to reach convergence than the mono-fidelity algorithm and to be more robust to the initial design of experiments.
Published: 2023
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3. Unexpected optimal measurement protocols in Bell's inequality violation experiments

Author: Alicia Negre, Renaud Mathevet, Benoit Chalopin, Sébastien Massenot, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Toulouse (LNCMI-T), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Femto (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Grenoble Alpes - UGA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), and Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses - LNCMI (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Quantum entanglement, [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Autre, Incertainty, Genetic algorithm, Bell's inequality, General Physics and Astronomy, Monte-Carlo
Abstract: International audience; Bell's inequality violation experiments are becoming increasingly popular in the practical teaching of undergraduate and master's degree students. Bell's parameter S is obtained from 16 polarization correlation measurements performed on entangled photons pairs. We first report here a detailed analysis of the uncertainty u(S) of Bell's parameter taking into account coincidence count statistics and errors in polarizers' orientation. We show using both computational modeling and experimental measurement that the actual sequence of the polarizer settings has an unexpected and strong influence on the error budget. This result may also be relevant to measurements in other settings in which errors in parameters may have non-random effects in the measurement.
Published: 2023
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4. CO2 Footprint minimization for AFP bio-composites thin structures

Author: Castro Almeida, Alexandre, Duriez, Edouard, Lachaud, Frédéric, Masania, Kunal, Morlier, Joseph, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Delft University of Technology - TU Delft (NETHERLANDS), Institut Clément Ader - ICA (Toulouse, France), and Département de Mécanique des Structures et Matériaux - DMSM (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: 3D Printing, Mécanique des structures, Eco-design, Fibre Path, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Topology Optimisation, Bio-composites
Abstract: International audience; The development of the aeronautical industry has brought about certain demands like the reduction of fuel consumption and, consequently, the weight of used structures. Therefore, topology analysis of aircraft components has played an important role in meeting these demands. Another factor widely studied in this context is the type of materials used in the manufacture of such components, hence, by presenting lower densities, composites have gained ground in this industry sector.Besides, an increasingly sought-after characteristic is the sustainability associated with the entire life cycle of any system or part, from its design, through the production phase, to its end of life. The assessment of such sustainability is often carried out by analysing the life cycle’s CO2 footprint, which tends to decrease when the raw materials used are less processed. Materials of natural origin, also known as "bio-materials", have therefore been the target of study, being the basis of the concept of eco-design. The accelerated development of 3D printing technologies has allowed the evolution of structural design methods. Additive manufacturing emerged in the 1980s and has since been expanding in the aerospace field. One of its great advantages is that it can be combined with the use of bio-composites, such as flax or hemp.The topology optimisation of any given structure brings great benefits in terms of the mitigation of the CO2 impact of a given part, as it translates into a reduction of its mass and fuel consumption. However, the combination of this method with the optimisation of the fibre path, in the 3D printing process, and the CO2 footprint of the part’s life cycle simultaneously can bring even more evident benefits. In this paper modifications to existing methods are proposed. In MATLAB, strategies are developed to study the topology and fibre orientation of potentially 3D printed thin structures.
Published: 2022

5. Regularized Infill Criteria for Multi-objective Bayesian Optimization with Application to Aircraft Design

Author: Grapin, R., Diouane, Y., Morlier, J., Bartoli, N., Lefebvre, T., Saves, P., Bussemaker, J.H., Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), ONERA / DTIS, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, DLR, Institute of System Architectures in Aeronautics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal (CANADA), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt - DLR (GERMANY), Institut Clément Ader - ICA (Toulouse, France), and Département de Mécanique des Structures et Matériaux - DMSM (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Kriging, Mécanique des structures, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Bayesian Optimization, Aircraft Design, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [MATH]Mathematics [math], Multi-Objective, OPTIMISATION MULTIOBJECTIF, OPTIMISATION BAYESIENNE, Bayesian optimization
Abstract: International audience; Bayesian optimization is an advanced tool to perform efficient global optimization. It consists on enriching iteratively surrogate Kriging models of the objective and the constraints (both supposed to be computationally expensive) of the targeted optimization problem. Nowadays, efficient extensions of Bayesian optimization to solve expensive multi-objective problems are of high interest. The proposed method, in this paper, extends the super efficient global optimization with mixture of experts (SEGOMOE) to solve constrained multi-objective problems. To cope with the ill-posedness of the multi-objective infill criteria, different enrichment procedures using regularization techniques are proposed. The merit of the proposed approaches are shown on known multi-objective benchmark problems with and without constraints. The proposed methods are then used to solve a bi-objective application related to conceptual aircraft design with five unknown design variables and three nonlinear inequality constraints. The preliminary results show a reduction of the total cost in terms of function evaluations by a factor of 20 compared to the evolutionary algorithm NSGA-II.
Published: 2022
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6. Regarding the COVID-19 crisis from a systems engineering perspective

Author: Pantano-Calderón, Santiago, Baron, Claude, Chaudemar, Jean-Charles, Vareilles, Élise, Vingerhoeds, Rob, Équipe Méthodes et Algorithmes en Commande (LAAS-MAC), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Équipe Ingénierie Système et Intégration (LAAS-ISI), Département d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Complexes (DISC), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT), ISCRAM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and Pantano-Calderón, Santiago
Subjects: [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, Autre, [SHS.STAT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, Modeling, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, COVID-19, [SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Simulation, Crisis, Holistic approach
Abstract: International audience; In the beginning of 2022, the world is still fighting the crisis caused by the COVID-19 outbreak. The scientific community is still dedicating significant efforts to identify which are the better strategies to mitigate the pandemic and establish how and when to apply them. Modeling and simulation are a common method to replicate and foresee the behavior of the epidemic curve, but traditional analytical models are not capable to explain and reproduce the real evolution of the number of infections and deaths as they only concentrate in the epidemiological aspects of the virus. The COVID-19 crisis has an impact in all fundamental levels of society, and this is the reason why its modeling requires a global perspective and a holistic approach. Though the engineering scope is not common in the study of public health crises, this paper concludes that some engineering tools such as systems analysis and control theory may be the answer to build a high-fidelity model to support the decision-making facing the emergency.
Published: 2022

7. Upscaling optimal topology multimaterials structures using Deep Neural Networks

Author: Kanthamraju, Anirudh, Duriez, Edouard, James, Kai, Morlier, Joseph, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, ANR-21-MRS1-0009,ECODD,ECoconcevoir les aérostructures Optimales De Demain(2021), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - UIUC (USA), Institut Clément Ader - ICA (Toulouse, France), and Département de Mécanique des Structures et Matériaux - DMSM (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Mécanique des structures, Deep Neural Networks, Multi-Material Topology Optimization, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Image Super Resolution, Physics Informed Neural Networks
Abstract: National audience; The problem of Topology Optimization aims to solve the question of the optimal material distribution subjected to known boundary and load conditions subject to a target volume fraction. In this study, we present a machine learning framework to tackle the problem of Multi Material Topology upscaling, i.e., the prediction of a higher resolution topology with just the low- resolution input. A Convolutional Deep Neural network was trained with a data set generated from an iterative code found in the existing literature. The network architecture implemented in this study is a modified version of SRGAN which has proven capabilities in upscaling complex real-world images. In this study, the perceptual loss function was used as the loss function in order to not penalize the network for its predictions that are off by a couple of pixels while simultaneously rewarding the network for its outputs that yield accurate compliance. The paper aims to present a novel approach to the problem of Topology Upscaling of 2x by mapping local features of the low-resolution topology to their higher resolution counterparts.
Published: 2022

8. Retrospective on the First Passive Brain-Computer Interface Competition on Cross-Session Workload Estimation

Author: Roy, Raphaëlle N., Hinss, Marcel F., Darmet, Ludovic, Ladouce, Simon, Jahanpour, Emilie S., Somon, Bertille, Xu, Xiaoqi, Drougard, Nicolas, Dehais, Frédéric, Lotte, Fabien, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université de Toulouse (UT), Popular interaction with 3d content (Potioc), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), This work was funded by ANITI (Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute), Toulouse, France. FL was also supported by the European Research Council with project BrainConquest (grant ERC-2016-STG-714567)., European Project: 714567 ,H2020 Pilier ERC,BrainConquest(2017), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Electronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux - ENSEIRB (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - INRIA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute - ANITI (FRANCE), and Université de Bordeaux (FRANCE)
Subjects: passive brain-computer interface, estimation, Workload, Passive brain-computer interface, workload, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Benchmarking, Autre, cross-session variability, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, dataset, Cross-session variability, benchmarking, EEG, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Riemannian geometry, [INFO.INFO-BT]Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, Estimation, Dataset
Abstract: As is the case in several research domains, data sharing is still scarce in the field of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI), and particularly in that of passive BCIs—i.e., systems that enable implicit interaction or task adaptation based on a user's mental state(s) estimated from brain measures. Moreover, research in this field is currently hindered by a major challenge, which is tackling brain signal variability such as cross-session variability. Hence, with a view to develop good research practices in this field and to enable the whole community to join forces in working on cross-session estimation, we created the first passive brain-computer interface competition on cross-session workload estimation. This competition was part of the 3rd International Neuroergonomics conference. The data were electroencephalographic recordings acquired from 15 volunteers (6 females; average 25 y.o.) who performed 3 sessions—separated by 7 days—of the Multi-Attribute Task Battery-II (MATB-II) with 3 levels of difficulty per session (pseudo-randomized order). The data -training and testing sets—were made publicly available on Zenodo along with Matlab and Python toy code (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5055046). To this day, the database was downloaded more than 900 times (unique downloads of all version on the 10th of December 2021: 911). Eleven teams from 3 continents (31 participants) submitted their work. The best achieving processing pipelines included a Riemannian geometry-based method. Although better than the adjusted chance level (38% with an α at 0.05 for a 3-class classification problem), the results still remained under 60% of accuracy. These results clearly underline the real challenge that is cross-session estimation. Moreover, they confirmed once more the robustness and effectiveness of Riemannian methods for BCI. On the contrary, chance level results were obtained by one third of the methods—4 teams- based on Deep Learning. These methods have not demonstrated superior results in this contest compared to traditional methods, which may be due to severe overfitting. Yet this competition is the first step toward a joint effort to tackle BCI variability and to promote good research practices including reproducibility.
Published: 2022
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9. VFT to Arrhenius crossover at the dynamic glass transition of an epoxy network as revealed by dielectric experiments in continuous immersion

Author: Aurélien Roggero, Nicolas Caussé, Nadine Pébère, Eric Dantras, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - INSA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Claude Bernard-Lyon I - UCBL (FRANCE), and Université Jean Monnet - St Etienne (FRANCE)
Subjects: [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Water interaction, Polymers and Plastics, Matériaux, Organic Chemistry, Plasticization, Materials Chemistry, Impedance spectroscopy, Water interactions, Molecular mobility, Glass transition
Abstract: International audience; The influence of water sorption on the alpha-relaxation of an epoxy network was studied by performing impedance measurements in continuous immersion (in aqueous solution) at various temperatures in the range [20; 80] degrees C. Relaxation times associated with the alpha-relaxation were found to shift towards lower temperatures as a result of plasticization, accompanied by a decrease in the relaxation strength. The most striking feature of the impedance measurements was a crossover from a Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) to an Arrhenius dependence of the relaxation times upon cooling, in the vicinity of the glass transition of the epoxy network. Complementary experimental techniques (namely differential scanning calorimetry, dielectric spectroscopy, thermally stimulated currents) were used on dry and wet epoxy samples to better understand the physical origin of this crossover. Various scenarios were discussed; the most convincing involved confinement-like effects. The deviation from VFT behaviour below T-g was possibly due to long-living H-bonds between the epoxy network and water molecules, which limited the cooperativity of the alpha-relaxation. The water molecules H-bonding to the network localized the mobility of the main chain, as confirmed by thermally stimulated currents performed on a wet sample.
Published: 2022
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10. On the effect of roughness parameters on adherence using the three-point bending test (ISO 14679:1997)

Author: Thiago Vasconcellos-Birro, Eric Paroissien, Fréderic Lachaud, Maëlenn Aufray, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: Three-point bending test, Mechanics of Materials, Adhesively bonded joints, Adherence, Matériaux, Materials Chemistry, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, Roughness, Adhesive failure, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: International audience; In the present work, a specific three-point bending test is applied to evaluate how the roughness can impact the bond strength (adherence) and the mechanism of interfacial failure initiation. The study is conducted using an aluminum alloy 2024-T3 as substrate and the DGEBA (polyepoxide bisphenol A diglycidyl ether) /DETA (diethylenetriamine) as adhesive, considering different abrasive surface treatments. An optimal roughness is reached to maximize the critical force during failure initiation; besides, the roughness impacted the failure propagation mechanism and the failure initiation area for each abrasive treatment. A power-law regression is considered to correlate the critical force and the failure initiation area, considering different average roughness. Local assessment using a mechanical profilometer and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Focused Ion Beam (FIB) are applied to measure the residual adhesive thickness at failure initiation and failure propagation zones as well as the initiation-to-propagation transitions. It is constated that the residual adhesive thickness is dependent on the average roughness of the substrate. Finally, Weibull’s analysis is undertaken to demonstrate that the mechanism of failure initiation for all substrate groups is essentially the same, although the failure propagation mechanism can be different.
Published: 2022
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11. Effect of size, concentration, and nature of fillers on crystallinity, thermal, and mechanical properties of polyetheretherketone composites

Author: Marie Doumeng, Florentin Berthet, Karl Delbé, Olivier Marsan, Jean Denape, France Chabert, Laboratoire Génie de Production (LGP), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes (ENIT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, composites, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallinity, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Thermal transition, Filler (materials), Materials Chemistry, Peek, Lamellar structure, thermal conductivity, Graphite, Composite material, crystallinity, Composites, General Chemistry, Dynamic mechanical analysis, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry, Boron nitride, Thermal conductivity, thermal transition, engineering, Thermomechanical analysis, rheology, Mécanique des matériaux, 0210 nano-technology, Rheology
Abstract: International audience; Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites exhibit high stiffness, chemical stability, and heat resistance and they are therefore employed in applications under severe operating environments. This work aims to provide insight into the effect of the size, concentration, and type of fillers on the thermal and mechanical properties of PEEK. A total of 32 composites are used to highlight the influence of nature (lamellae, such as boron nitride and graphite and silicon carbide and alumina), size (nano and micrometric), and content (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 vol%) of fillers. The melting temperature and lamellar thickness did not change regardless of the nature of the filler. The thermomechanical analysis demonstrates that lamellar fillers form a percolating network and contribute significantly to the enhancement of the storage modulus. The increase in the storage modulus is proportional to the filler content, and it is more pronounced for micro composites. As expected, the percolating network is formed at lower concentrations for lamellar fillers than for spherical ones. The highest conductivity is achieved with graphite at 0.823 W m−1 K−1, which is twice that of PEEK for 10 vol%. Moreover, the use of micrometric fillers results in thermal conductivity enhancement attributed to the higher amount of efficient hot zones for heat transfer.
Published: 2022
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12. Cohesive strength and fracture toughness of atmospheric ice

Author: Palanque, Valérian, Villeneuve, Eric, Budinger, Marc, Pommier-Budinger, Valérie, Momen, Gelareh, ONERA / DMPE, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université du Québec - UQ (CANADA), and Institut Clément Ader - ICA (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], DENSITE, EXPERIMENTALE, ATMOSPHERIQUE, CHAMBRE FROIDE, MODELE NUMERIQUE, Density, TRACTION, Fracture toughness, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, FRACTURE, Tensile strength, Numerical model, GLACE, FORCE, Mécanique des structures, Atmospheric ice, Experimental, Cold room, Vibration test, [PHYS.MECA.SOLID]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph], General Earth and Planetary Sciences, TEST VIBRATION, Cohesive strength
Abstract: International audience; This paper aims at defining the key mechanical properties of atmospheric ice in order to improve the design ofmechanical de-icing systems. Based on ice fracture mechanisms, the parameters of interest are the cohesivestrength of the ice and its fracture toughness. A hybrid experimental/numerical vibrating method is used tomeasure those critical values. Parameters such as temperature and precipitation rate influence the ice densityand ice samples are thus defined with respect to this parameter. First, the cohesive strength of ice is measuredover the entire range of ice density and a polynomial expression of the cohesive strength of ice is given as afunction of this density. Then the fracture toughness is measured for a smaller range of density and an averagecritical value is given. Finally, the influence of the properties computed is discussed to assess the conditions ofatmospheric ice mechanical removal and the challenges for the design of mechanical ice protection systems. Thestudy tends to show that as its density decreases, ice is more difficult to remove mechanically.
Published: 2022
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13. Detachment mechanism and reduced evaporation of an evaporative NaCl salt crust

Author: Licsandru, G., Noiriel, C., Geoffroy, S., Abou-Chakra, Ariane, Duru, P., Prat, M., Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des constructions (LMDC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: integumentary system, Salt crystallization, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Mécanique des fluides, Evaporation, food and beverages, Salt crust, skin and connective tissue diseases, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Salt crusts forming at the surface of a porous medium are commonly observed in nature as well as on building materials and pieces of our cultural heritage where they represent a risk for the supporting substrate integrity. Previous research indicates that the salt crust can detach from the porous substrate and severely reduces the evaporation. However, the current understanding of the detachment mechanisms and the reduced evaporation is very limited. In the present experiment, we evidence dissolution-precipitation processes as key mechanisms in the detachment process. We also show that the crust remains wet and the observed reduced evaporation is explained by the formation of tiny pores in the nanometer range and the Kelvin effect. The resulting crust permeability is very low. Combined with previous results, this shows that the crust permeability is highly dependent on the crust formation conditions. More generally, salt structures in a water vapor concentration gradient are shown to be self-propelled systems capable to carry small objects such as, for instance, soil particles. Our study has significance for understanding the impact of salt crusts on evaporation and the associated important phenomena, such as soil salinization and porous material degradation inherent to salt crystallization.
Published: 2022
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14. INSPIRE-SAT 7, a Second CubeSat to Measure the Earth's Energy Budget and to Probe the Ionosphere

Author: Mustapha Meftah, Fabrice Boust, Philippe Keckhut, Alain Sarkissian, Thomas Boutéraon, Slimane Bekki, Luc Damé, Patrick Galopeau, Alain Hauchecorne, Christophe Dufour, Adrien Finance, André-Jean Vieau, Emmanuel Bertran, Pierre Gilbert, Nicolas Caignard, Clément Dias, Jean-Luc Engler, Patrick Lacroix, Kévin Grossel, Véronique Rannou, Stéphane Saillant, Yannick Avelino, Benjamin Azoulay, Cyril Brand, Carlos Dominguez, Akos Haasz, Agne Paskeviciute, Kevin Segura, Pierre Maso, Sébastien Ancelin, Christophe Mercier, Valentin Stee, Antoine Mangin, David Bolsée, Catherine Billard, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), DEMR, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), HELIOS - LATMOS, Analytic and Computational Research, Inc. - Earth Sciences (ACRI-ST), Observatoire de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (OVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sté Adrelys, OLEDCOMM, Innovative Solutions In Space [Delft] (ISIS), AMSAT-Francophone, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), International Centre for Research in Ecological Economics, Eco-Innovation and Tool Development for Sustainability (REEDS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, This research was mainly funded by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS,France), UVSQ (Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France), Agence Nationale de laRecherche (ANR, France), Office National d’Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales (ONERA, France),Développement économique-Saint-Quentin en Yvelines (78, France), and Département des Yvelines(78, France)., and Cardon, Catherine
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, climate observation and monitoring, Earth’s energy budget, ionosphere, nanosatellite, CubeSat constellations, Science, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 0103 physical sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: INSPIRE-SAT 7 is a French 2-Unit CubeSat (11.5 × 11.5 × 22.7 cm) primarily designed for Earth and Sun observation. INSPIRE-SAT 7 is one of the missions of the International Satellite Program in Research and Education (INSPIRE). Twice the size of a 4 × 4 Rubik’s Cube and weighing about 3 kg, INSPIRE-SAT 7 will be deployed in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) in 2023 to join its sister satellite, UVSQ-SAT. INSPIRE-SAT 7 represents one of the in-orbit demonstrators needed to test how two Earth observation CubeSats in orbit can be utilized to set up a satellite constellation. This new scientific and technological pathfinder CubeSat mission (INSPIRE-SAT 7) uses a multitude of miniaturized sensors on all sides of the CubeSat to measure the Earth’s energy budget components at the top-of-the-atmosphere for climate change studies. INSPIRE-SAT 7 contains also a High-Frequency (HF) payload that will receive HF signals from a ground-based HF transmitter to probe the ionosphere for space weather studies. Finally, this CubeSat is equipped with several technological demonstrators (total solar irradiance sensors, UV sensors to measure solar spectral irradiance, a new Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) wireless communication system, a new versatile telecommunication system suitable for CubeSat). After introducing the objectives of the INSPIRE-SAT 7 mission, we present the satellite definition and the mission concept of operations. We also briefly show the observations made by the UVSQ-SAT CubeSat, and assess how two CubeSats in orbit could improve the information content of their Earth’s energy budget measurements. We conclude by reporting on the potential of future missions enabled by CubeSat constellations.
Published: 2022
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15. An innovative kinetic model allowing insight in the moderate temperature chemical vapor deposition of silicon oxynitride films from tris(dimethylsilyl)amine

Author: Konstantina Christina Topka, Paris Papavasileiou, Babacar Diallo, Tryfon Tsiros, Laura Decosterd, Brigitte Caussat, Marie-Joëlle Menu, Diane Samélor, Constantin Vahlas, Hugues Vergnes, François Senocq, Nadia Pellerin, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-CE08-0056,HEALTHYGLASS,Surfaces de verre performantes et durables pour la pharmacie(2017), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Laboratoire de Génie Civil (LGC), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)
Subjects: Experimental validation, Silicon oxynitride, Materials science, Silicon, General Chemical Engineering, Matériaux, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical vapor deposition, Computational fluid dynamics, 01 natural sciences, Chemical reaction, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Molecule, Deposition (phase transition), Génie chimique, Thin film, Génie des procédés, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Kinetic model, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Silanamine precursor, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; An apparent kinetic model is developed for a novel chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process of silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y) films from tris(dimethylsilyl)amine (TDMSA) and O 2 , operating at moderate temperature (600-650 • C) and at atmospheric pressure. The definition of reaction pathways and the extraction of kinetic information is based on recently reported results of the gas phase composition, complemented by solid phase characteristics obtained by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and ion beam analyses (IBA). Incorporation of carbon (up to 20 at. %) is considered alongside nitrogen (up to 25 at.%) for variable O 2 flow rates (0.3-1.2 sccm). This combined gasand solid-phase analysis is utilized to identify the main gaseous species and provide insight into the deposition mechanism. A silicon-and a nitrogen-centered radical intermediates are considered as the primary species of the mechanism, based on evidence from gas phase characterizations. A third, fictitious, nitrogen-and carboncontaining molecule is also conceptualized to account for carbon incorporation. Eight chemical reactions are defined alongside their respective kinetic parameters and are implemented in the ANSYS® FLUENT® computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. Upon validation, the model allows for the successful prediction of local deposition rates and SiO x N y film composition containing non-negligible carbon, marking it as the first kinetic model able to represent the main chemical mechanisms involved in the CVD of a four-component material. The reported combined approach could be applied to other existing or new CVD chemistries forming multicomponent thin films, favoring their implementation in original applications.
Published: 2022
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16. Broadband noise prediction of a counter rotating open rotor based on LES simulation with phase-lagged assumption

Author: Majd Daroukh, Maxime Fiore, Marc Montagnac, Département Aérodynamique Energétique et Propulsion (DAEP), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), DAAA, ONERA, Université Paris-Saclay (COmUE) [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), CERFACS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), Centre Européen de Recherche et Formation Avancées en Calcul Scientifique - CERFACS (FRANCE), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - INSU (FRANCE)
Subjects: [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Leading edge, Suction, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Acoustics, Phase (waves), 02 engineering and technology, Counter-rotating open rotor, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Broadband noise prediction, 0203 mechanical engineering, Autre, law, Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings analogy, 0103 physical sciences, Wind tunnel, Physics, Rotor (electric), Mechanical Engineering, Large-Eddy Simulation, POD data storage, Solver, Condensed Matter Physics, Phase-lagged assumption, Vortex, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Mechanics of Materials, Large eddy simulation
Abstract: International audience; This paper presents the broadband noise analysis of a Counter Rotating Open Rotor (CROR) configuration. The numerical study is based on a hybrid approach: a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) code solves the near-flow field of the CROR configuration and the near-to-far-field propagation is then predicted by a Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings analogy either based on a solid or porous formulation. The LES solver uses a phase-lagged assumption with a proper orthogonal decomposition for the data storage. The numerical approach is validated against wind tunnel experimental data of a CROR configuration (AI-PX7) at three different operating points focused on the broadband noise. The analysis of the numerical simulations shows the predominant effect of the rear rotor suction side on the radiated broadband noise with an increasing contribution with span location. This source is related to the impingement of front rotor wakes and the development of leading edge vortices that induce large pressure fluctuations close to the leading edge on the suction side.
Published: 2021
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17. Effects of some ion-specific properties in the electrocoagulation process with aluminum electrodes

Author: Jean-Luc Trompette, Jean-François Lahitte, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: Supporting electrolyte, medicine.medical_treatment, Sodium, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Faradaic efficiency-pH effects, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Electrocoagulation, Ion, Colloid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, medicine, Génie chimique, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Génie des procédés, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ionic-specificity, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, Emulsion, Ammonium chloride, 0210 nano-technology, Faraday efficiency
Abstract: International audience; The influence of anion specificity on the faradaic efficiency relative to aluminum oxidation during electrocoagulation has been reported. While with chaotrope anions, the faradaic efficiency is higher than 1, it is lower than 1 with kosmotrope anions. The origin of this distinction has been ascribed to the ability of anions to cause pitting through the thin passive film at the aluminum surface, which depends on the varying resistance of the anions to dehydration. The influence of the nature of the cation of the supporting electrolyte on the efficiency of electrocoagulation has been investigated by comparing the same treatment of two characteristic colloidal samples. While removal efficiency is better for a positively charged latex in the presence of sodium chloride, it is better for a negatively charged oil in water emulsion in the presence of ammonium chloride. The results come from different effects of pH and its influence on aluminum species during electrocoagulation.
Published: 2021
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18. Patch-like, two dimensional WSe2-based hetero-structures activated by a healing catalyst for H2 photocatalytic generation

Author: Iann C. Gerber, Andrea Balocchi, Pierre-Louis Taberna, Xavier Marie, Antoine Barnabé, Koki Urita, Jean-Yves Chane-Ching, J. Barros Barbosa, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nagasaki University, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Nagasaki University (JAPAN), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: Materials science, Passivation, General Chemical Engineering, Matériaux, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Coating, Mo sulfide catalysts, Environmental Chemistry, Water splitting, Nanosheet, Photocurrent, business.industry, Nanoporous, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 2D materials, Hydrogen evolution reaction, 0104 chemical sciences, Photocatalysts, engineering, Photocatalysis, Optoelectronics, Charge carrier, 0210 nano-technology, business, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: International audience; 2D photoactive materials may offer interesting opportunities in photocatalytic devices since they combine strong light absorption and shortening of charge carriers' diffusion path. Because of their high surface defect concentration and the formation of a majority of edge/plane vs plane/plane contacts between the anisotropic building blocks, surface defect passivation and improvement of charge carrier transport are critical for the large development of high surface area, 2D photo-catalysts. Here, we propose a hetero-structure nanoporous network with a patch-like coating as high performance 2D photo-catalysts. The hetero-structured building blocks are composed of a photo-active WSe 2 nanoflake in direct contact with both a conducting rGO nanosheet and an ultrathin layer of healing catalyst. The resulting nanoporous film achieves a H 2 evolution photocurrent density up to 5 mA cm − 2 demonstrating that the patch-like hetero-structures represent an effective strategy to simultaneously improve hole collection, defect passivation and charge transfer. These hetero-structures made of an ultrathin healing catalyst layer represent promising building blocks for the bottom-up fabrication of high surface area photocathodes particularly for 2D photo-catalysts displaying high defect concentration.
Published: 2021
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19. Numerical simulations of the agitation generated by coarse-grained bubbles moving at large Reynolds number

Author: Frédéric Risso, Rémi Zamansky, Jean-François Haquet, F. Le Roy De Bonneville, Anne Boulin, Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives - CEA (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: Coupling, Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Numerical analysis, Bubble, Mécanique des fluides, Flow (psychology), Reynolds number, Mechanics, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], Bubble-induced turbulence, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Bubble dynamics, Action (physics), 010305 fluids & plasmas, Momentum, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, symbols.namesake, Volume (thermodynamics), Mechanics of Materials, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, 010306 general physics, Gas/liquid ﬂow
Abstract: International audience; We present a numerical method for simulating the flow induced by bubbles rising at large Reynolds number. This method is useful to simulate configurations of large dimensions involving a great number of bubbles. The action that each bubble exerts on the liquid is modeled as a volume source of momentum distributed over a few mesh-grid elements. The flow in the vicinity of the bubbles is thus not finely resolved. The bubbles are treated as Lagrangian particles that move under the influence of the hydrodynamic force exerted by the liquid. The determination of this force on a given bubble requires knowledge of the liquid flow that is undisturbed by this bubble. A model is developed to accurately estimate this disturbance for large Reynolds-number objects and get rid of any spurious self-induced effect. Thanks to that, a homogeneous swarm of rising bubbles is simulated. Comparisons with experiments show a good agreement with the flow scales larger than the bubbles, which turn out to be controlled by the interactions between bubble wakes and rather independent of unresolved smaller scales. This method can be used to study the coupling between bubble-induced agitation and large-scale motions, such as those produced in industrial bubble columns.
Published: 2021
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20. Predicting the propagation of acoustic waves using deep convolutional neural networks

Author: Antonio Alguacil, Michaël Bauerheim, Marc C. Jacob, Stéphane Moreau, Département Aérodynamique Energétique et Propulsion (DAEP), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique (LMFA), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Ecole Centrale de Lyon (FRANCE), Université de Sherbrooke (CANADA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - INSA (FRANCE), Université de Lyon - UDL (FRANCE), and Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et Acoustique - LMFA (Ecully, France)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Mean squared error, Computer science, Aeroacoustic propagation, Gaussian, Mécanique des fluides, Data-driven methods, Plane wave, 02 engineering and technology, Lbm, 01 natural sciences, Convolutional neural network, 010305 fluids & plasmas, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], symbols.namesake, 0203 mechanical engineering, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], 0103 physical sciences, Propagation, 010301 acoustics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Artificial neural network, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Deep learning, Convolutional Neural Networks, Acoustic wave, Acoustics, Condensed Matter Physics, Energy preserving, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Mechanics of Materials, symbols, A priori and a posteriori, Artificial intelligence, business, Algorithm, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; A novel approach for numerically propagating acoustic waves in two-dimensional quiescent media has been developed through a fully convolutional multi-scale neural network following a spatio-temporal auto- regressive strategy. This data-driven method managed to produce accurate results for long simulation times with a database of Lattice Boltzmann temporal simulations of propagating Gaussian Pulses, even in the case of initial conditions unseen during training time, such as the plane wave configuration or the two initial Gaussian pulses of opposed amplitudes. Two different choices of optimization objectives are compared, resulting in an improved prediction accuracy when adding the spatial gradient difference error to the traditional mean squared error loss function. Further accuracy gains are observed when performing an a posteriori correction on the neural network prediction based on the conservation of acoustic energy, indicating the benefit of including physical information in data-driven methods. Finally, the method is shown to be capable of relaxing the classical time-step constraint of LBM and to provide parallel properties suitable for accelerating significantly acoustic propagation simulations.
Published: 2021
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21. Rheological, electrical, and dynamic thermomechanical properties: Comparison between multiwall and double-wall carbon nanotubes in polylactide and polyamide 11

Author: Zeinab Mousavi, Musa R. Kamal, Pierre J. Carreau, Emmanuel Flahaut, Marie-Claude Heuzey, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Financial support from the Natural Science and EngineeringResearch Council (NSERC) of Canada is gratefully acknowledged., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal (CANADA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), McGill University Montréal (CANADA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), and Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux - CIRIMAT (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Matériaux, Computational Mechanics, Carbon nanotubes, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nanocomposites, Rheology, law, Composite material, Thermal analysis, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Physics, chemistry.chemical_classification, Nanocomposite, Mechanical Engineering, MWCNT, Percolation threshold, Polymer, Dynamic mechanical analysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, PA11, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Polyamide, PLA, DWCNT, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; In this study, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) have been dispersed in polylactide (PLA) and polyamide 11 (PA11) using an internal mixer. Rheological characterization confirmed the formation of carbon nanotube (CNT) networks in PLA and PA11 attributed to well-dispersed CNTs in the respective matrices. A lower rheological percolation threshold of PLA/ MWCNT nanocomposites (less than 0.5 wt. %) compared to PA11/MWCNT nanocomposites (about 2 wt. %) confirmed the greater affinity of CNTs for PLA. The threshold for DWCNTs was below 0.5 wt. % in PLA and between 0.5 and 1 wt. % in PA11. PLA-based nanocomposites also showed higher electrical conductivity values compared to PA11-based nanocomposites. Nanocomposites containing DWCNTs exhibited higher electrical conductivities compared to those containing MWCNTs due to the higher aspect ratio of DWCNTs. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis showed enhanced storage modulus values and reduced damping behavior with increasing content of CNTs for both polymers.
Published: 2021
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22. Covalent Grafting of Ruthenium Complexes on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Hybrid Materials for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation

Author: Pierre Lecante, Vincent Collière, Marc Respaud, Phong D. Tran, Quyen Nguyen, Van Nguyen, Jérôme Esvan, Karine Philippot, Wantana Klysubun, Catherine Amiens, Gilles Lemercier, Elodie Rousset, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims - UMR 7312 (ICMR), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS, Université de Toulouse Paul-Sabatier, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (grant D̵L0000.03/19-21), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of sciences and technologies of hanoi (USTH), SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Synchrotron Light Research Institute (THAILAND), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université des Sciences et des Technologies de Hanoi - USTH (VIETNAM), Université de Reims - Champagne-Ardenne (FRANCE), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims - ICMR (Reims, France), and Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux - CIRIMAT (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Materials science, Matériaux, Nanoparticle, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Catalysis, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Iron oxide nanoparticles, General Materials Science, Pendant group, Water oxidation catalysis, Ruthenium-based photosensitizer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Ruthenium, chemistry, Covalent bond, Photocatalysis, Hybrid photoanode, Reversible hydrogen electrode, 0210 nano-technology, Hybrid material, Covalent grafting
Abstract: International audience; The present environmental crisis prompts the search for renewable energy sources such as solar-driven production of hydrogen from water. Herein, we report an efficient hybrid photocatalyst for water oxidation, consisting of a ruthenium polypyridyl complex covalently grafted on core/shell Fe@FeOx nanoparticles via a phosphonic acid group. The photoelectrochemical measurements were performed under 1 sun illumination in 1 M KOH. The photocurrent density of this hybrid photoanode reached 20 μA/cm2 (applied potential of +1.0 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode), corresponding to a turnover frequency of 0.02 s–1. This performance represents a 9-fold enhancement of that achieved with a mixture of Fe@FeOx nanoparticles and a linker-free ruthenium polypyridyl photosensitizer. This increase in performance could be attributed to a more efficient electron transfer between the ruthenium photosensitizer and the Fe@FeOx catalyst as a consequence of the covalent link between these two species through the phosphonate pendant group.
Published: 2021
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23. Influence of alloying on the tensile strength and electrical resistivity of silver nanowire: copper composites macroscopic wires

Author: Nelson Ferreira, Claude Estournès, Geoffroy Chevallier, Antoine Lonjon, David Mesguich, Arnaud Proietti, Simon Tardieu, Florence Lecouturier-Dupouy, Christophe Laurent, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Toulouse (LNCMI-T), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Plateforme Nationale de Frittage Flash (PNF2), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre de microcaractérisation Raimond Castaing (Centre Castaing), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de microcaractérisation Raimond Castaing (CMCR), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: Materials science, Nanocomposite, 020502 materials, Mechanical Engineering, Matériaux, Alloy, Nanowire, chemistry.chemical_element, Spark plasma sintering, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, Microstructure, Copper, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Copper composites macroscopic wires, 0205 materials engineering, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Silver nanowire, Ultimate tensile strength, engineering, General Materials Science, Composite material
Abstract: International audience; Composite powders made up of 1 vol. %Ag nanowires (NW) dispersed in Cu were prepared and consolidated into cylinders by spark plasma sintering. One cylinder was sintered at only 400 °C resulting in a nanocomposite sample with no dissolution of the Ag NW into the Cu matrix. The second cylinder was sintered at 600 °C and the Ag NW are dissolved forming Ag/Cu alloy NW. The cylinders served as starting materials for room temperature wire-drawing, enabling the preparation of wires of decreasing diameters. The microstructure of the cylinders and the wires was investigated by electron microscopy and associated techniques. The tensile strength and electrical resistivity were measured at 293 K and 77 K. The nanocomposite and alloy wires show similar UTS values (1100 MPa at 77 K), but alloying, although spatially limited, provoked a significant increase in electrical resistivity (0.56 µΩ cm at 77 K) compared to the nanocomposite wires (0.49 µΩ cm at 77 K).
Published: 2021
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24. Investigation of the metal dusting attack on the temperature range 500−700 °C using X-ray tomography

Author: Stéphane Mathieu, A. Stuppfler, Michel Vilasi, A. Vande Put, J-L. Guichard, L. Le Pivaingt, O. Ferry, Daniel Monceau, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), ICAR - CM2T (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Lorraine (FRANCE), and Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux - CIRIMAT (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Materials science, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, Matériaux, Alloy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, Corrosion, Carburizing, Metal dusting, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Quartz, C. Carburization, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Metallurgy, C. Oxidation, B. Mass loss, General Chemistry, Atmospheric temperature range, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Temperature gradient, chemistry, engineering, 0210 nano-technology, A. Alloy, Carbon
Abstract: A test rig consisting of a quartz tube placed in a horizontal furnace made of five independently regulated heating zones allowed the evaluation of the metal dusting attack of a FeNiCr alloy. Fifteen samples were exposed in a temperature gradient from 504° to 704°C, 1.1 bar, to a highly carburizing atmosphere for 1500 h. Below 561 °C the high density of pits led to uniform corrosion whereas localized pits developed at higher temperatures. In depth pit growth rate raised to a maximum at 632 °C, then decreased showing that it depends both on temperature and on the carbon activity gradient.
Published: 2021
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25. Space-Time Plasma-Steering Source: Control of Microwave Plasmas in Overmoded Cavities

Author: Laurent Liard, Valentin Mazieres, Richard Clergereaux, Olivier Pascal, Romain Pascaud, Jean-Pierre Boeuf, Simon Dap, LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: Low-temperature plasma, General Physics and Astronomy, Plasma sources, 02 engineering and technology, PT-symmetry, 01 natural sciences, Classical electromagnetism, Optics, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Cavity resonators, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Plasma density, 010302 applied physics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Space time, Microwave techniques, Low temperature plasma, Plasma, Nanosecond, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Ion source, High-frequency and RF discharges in plasmas, Physics::Space Physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Microwave
Abstract: Recently, space-time plasma-steering source has been proposed as an innovative microwave plasma source to meet the challenge of controlling plasmas in overmoded cavities. This concept has been successfully demonstrated experimentally, allowing the space-time control of nanosecond microwave plasmas on initiators. This paper gives insights into the path that shall be taken to reach full space-time control of plasmas in overmoded cavities. To that end, a key criterion, namely the “plasma-steering criterion,” is introduced and verified with a numerical model. This criterion must be respected for an accurate space-time control of plasmas in overmoded cavities. The usefulness of the plasma density (depending on its value with respect to the critical plasma density) on the plasma-control capabilities is also highlighted.
Published: 2021
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26. Drag and lift forces on a rigid sphere immersed in a wall-bounded linear shear flow

Author: Pengyu Shi, Roland Rzehak, Jacques Magnaudet, Dirk Lucas, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (GERMANY), Technische Universität Dresden - TUD (GERMANY), and Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse - IMFT (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Mécanique des fluides, Computational Mechanics, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], 010306 general physics, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Physics, Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn), Particle-laden flows, Reynolds number, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Mechanics, Vorticity, Lift force, Shear rate, Lift (force), Drag, Rotating spheres, Modeling and Simulation, Wall-bounded flow, symbols, Shear flow
Abstract: We report on a series of fully resolved simulations of the flow around a rigid sphere translating steadily near a wall, either in a fluid at rest or in the presence of a uniform shear. Non-rotating and freely rotating spheres subject to a torque-free condition are both considered to evaluate the importance of spin-induced effects. The separation distance between the sphere and wall is varied from values at which the wall influence is weak down to gaps of half the sphere radius. The Reynolds number based on the sphere diameter and relative velocity with respect to the ambient fluid spans the range $0.1-250$, and the relative shear rate defined as the ratio of the shear-induced velocity variation across the sphere to the relative velocity is varied from $-0.5$ to $+0.5$, so that the sphere either leads the fluid or lags behind it. The wall-induced interaction mechanisms at play in the various flow regimes are analyzed qualitatively by examining the flow structure, especially the spanwise and streamwise vorticity distributions. Variations of the drag and lift forces at low-but-finite and moderate Reynolds number are compared with available analytical and semiempirical expressions, respectively. In more inertial regimes, empirical expressions for the two force components are derived based on the numerical data, yielding accurate fits valid over a wide range of Reynolds number and wall-sphere separations for both non-rotating and torque-free spheres., Comment: 27 pages, 25 figures
Published: 2021
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27. Transdermal Delivery of Macromolecules Using Two-in-One Nanocomposite Device for Skin Electroporation

Author: Bastien Jouanmiqueou, Marie-Pierre Rols, Emmanuel Flahaut, Muriel Golzio, Juliette Simon, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), This research was jointly funded by the Région Occitanie/Pyrénées-Méditerranée andthe Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, grant number 2018 001260/ALDOCT-000423, and by theAgence Nationale de la Recherche, grant number ANR-19-CE09-0007., ANR-19-CE09-0007,CARBO2DERM,Nanotubes de carbone pour la délivrance transdermique de molécules thérapeutiques(2019), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: Hydrogel composite, macromolecule delivery, Matériaux, Carbon nanotubes, Pharmaceutical Science, 02 engineering and technology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pharmacy and materia medica, Stratum corneum, medicine, Propidium iodide, Skin electroporation, 030304 developmental biology, Transdermal, 0303 health sciences, Lucifer yellow, integumentary system, carbon nanotubes, Electroporation, hydrogel composite, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Permeation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, RS1-441, Dextran, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Biophysics, Agarose, Macromolecule delivery, 0210 nano-technology, skin electroporation
Abstract: International audience; Delivery of hydrophilic molecules through the skin using electroporation is a promising alternative approach to intradermal injection. Recently, we developed a two-in-one electrode/reservoir material composed of carbon nanotubes and agarose hydrogel. In this work, we evaluated the potential of the device to achieve non-invasive transdermal drug delivery using skin electroporation. As it involved an electrode configuration different from the literature, critical questions were raised. First, we demonstrated the efficiency of the device to permeabilize the skin of hairless mice, as observed by propidium iodide (PI) uptake in the nuclei of the epidermis cells through macro fluorescence imaging and histology. Application of Lucifer yellow (LY) at different times after unipolar electroporation treatment demonstrated the partial reversibility of the skin permeabilization after 30 min, and as such, that barrier function properties tended to be restored. We uncovered, for the first time to our knowledge, an intrinsic asymmetry of permeation pathways generated in the stratum corneum during treatment. Electrophoresis was here the main driving force for macromolecule delivery, but it competed with passive diffusion through the generated aqueous pathways for smaller molecules. Finally, we validated 4 kDa dextran labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FD4) as a model molecule to optimize the electrical parameters, needed to improve macromolecule delivery.
Published: 2021
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28. Tailoring glass fiber surface for the polymerization and crystallization of anionic polyamide 6

Author: Belkhiri, Achraf, De Almeida, Olivier, Chabert, France, Virgilio, Nick, Welemane, Hélène, Nassiet, Valérie, Laboratoire Génie de Production (LGP), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes (ENIT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre de Recherche en Plasturgie et Composite (CREPEC), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal (CANADA), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: New and novel manufacturing technologies, Silane grafting, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], technology, industry, and agriculture, Reactive PA6, Composite properties improvement, Mécanique des matériaux, In-situ synthesis, Glass surface treatment
Abstract: International audience; Monomer polymerization after the impregnation of reinforcements is a relevant option for the manufacturing of thermoplastic composites by liquid processes (infusion or RTM). In the case of polyamide 6 synthesized by this process, the system composed of monomers, catalyst and activator reacts within the fibrous environment. Therefore, fiber surface chemistry is a crucial parameter because it does not only influence the polymerization and crystallization processes, but it also controls the fiber-matrix adhesion.
Published: 2021

29. Carbon-carbon supercapacitors: Beyond the average pore size or how electrolyte confinement and inaccessible pores affect the capacitance

Author: Céline Merlet, Patrice Simon, El Hassane Lahrar, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Collège de France (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - ENSCP (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier - ENSCM (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FRANCE), Université Paris Sciences & Lettres - PSL (FRANCE), Sorbonne Université (FRANCE), Université Grenoble Alpes - UGA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Nantes (FRANCE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (FRANCE), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - UPPA (FRANCE), Université de Haute Alsace - UHA (FRANCE), Université de Montpellier (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Energie électrique, Materials science, Matériaux, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Capacitance, Adsorption, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Supercapacitor, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Nanoporous, Reinforced carbon–carbon, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, chemistry, Chemical physics, 0210 nano-technology, Porous medium, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; Carbon-carbon supercapacitors are high power electrochemical energy storage systems which store energy through reversible ion adsorption at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Due to the complex structure of the porous carbons used as electrodes, extracting structure-property relationships in these systems remains a challenge. In this work, we conduct molecular simulations of two model supercapacitors based on nanoporous electrodes with the same average pore size, a property often used when comparing porous materials, but different morphologies. We show that the carbon with the more ordered structure, with a well defined pore size, has a much higher capacitance than the carbon with the more disordered structure, and broader pore size distribution. We analyze the structure of the confined electrolyte and show that the ions adsorbed in the ordered carbon are present in larger quantities and are also more confined than for the disordered carbon. Both aspects favor a better charge separation and thus a larger capacitance. In addition, the disordered electrodes contain a significant amount of carbon atoms which are never in contact with the electrolyte, carry a close to zero charge and are thus not involved in the charge storage. The total quantities of adsorbed ions and degrees of confinement do not change much with the applied potential and as such, this work opens the door to computationally tractable screening strategies.
Published: 2021
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30. Half-sandwich manganese complexes Cp(CO) 2 Mn(NHC) as redox-active organometallic fragments

Author: Vincent César, Vincent Maurel, Noël Lugan, Rémy Brousses, Dmitry A. Valyaev, Jean-Marie Mouesca, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010405 organic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Manganese, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Toluene, 0104 chemical sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, IMes, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, chemistry, visual_art, Yield (chemistry), visual_art.visual_art_medium, Proton NMR, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Conformational isomerism, Carbene
Abstract: International audience; Oxidation of the half-sandwich MnI complexes Cp(CO)2Mn(NHC) bearing dialkyl-, arylalkyl- and diarylsubstituted N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC = IMe, IMeMes, IMes) affords the corresponding stable MnII radical cations [Cp(CO)2Mn(NHC)](BF4) isolated in 92–95% yield. Systematic X-ray diffraction studies of the series of MnI and MnII NHC complexes revealed the expected characteristic structural changes upon oxidation, namely the elongation of the Mn–CO and Mn–NHC bonds as well as the diminution of the OC–Mn–CO angle. ESR spectra of [Cp(CO)2Mn(IMes)](BF4) in frozen solution (CH2Cl2/toluene 1 : 1, 70 K) allowed the identification of two conformers for this complex and their structural assignment using DFT calculations. The stability of these NHC complexes in both metal oxidation states, moderate oxidation potentials and the ease of detection of MnII species by a variety of spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, IR, paramagnetic 1H NMR, and ESR) make these compounds promising objects for applications as redox-active organometallic fragments.
Published: 2021
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31. Enhanced Dielectric Relaxation in Self-Organized Layers of Polypeptides Coupled to Platinum Nanoparticles: Temperature Dependence and Effect of Bias Voltage

Author: Louis Merle, Ghada Manai, Adeline Pham, Philippe Demont, Colin Bonduelle, Adnen Mlayah, Simon Tricard, Sébastien Lecommandoux, Jérémie Grisolia, Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Team 3 LCPO : Polymer Self-Assembly & Life Sciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, ANR-18-CE09-0007,MOSC,Chimie supraparticulaire orientée par des molécules(2018), ANR-17-EURE-0009,NanoX,Science et Ingénierie à l'Echelle Nano(2017), Bordeaux INP - BINP (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux - ENSCPB (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Bordeaux (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole)
Subjects: Materials science, Matériaux, Metal nanoparticles, 02 engineering and technology, Activation energy, Dielectric, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Capacitance, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, symbols.namesake, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Composites, Arrhenius equation, Relaxation (NMR), Biasing, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Dielectric spectroscopy, General Energy, Chemical physics, symbols, Electrical properties, Charge carrier, 0210 nano-technology, Molecular structure
Abstract: International audience; Using alternative current impedance spectroscopy, we investigate the dynamical conductivity of hybrid nanomaterials composed of helical polypeptide layers containing platinum nanoparticles (PtNP). The electrical characteristics of the self-organized poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) (PBGL) in bidimensional lamellar assembly in the presence of Pt nanoparticles are well modeled and described by a single equivalent circuit of parallel resistance and capacitance. The latter are determined using a comparison between the measured and calculated Nyquist plots, which allows extracting the characteristic relaxation time and frequency of the dipolar relaxation process. We found that the relaxation frequency in the PBLG–PtNP hybrid materials is enhanced by 4 orders of magnitudes compared to pure PBLG, which indicates a much faster dielectric relaxation in PBLG–PtNP due to dipole orientation and dipole–dipole interactions. The temperature dependence of the relaxation time is analyzed using Arrhenius plots, from which the activation energy of the relaxation process is found to be around 0.1 eV. Such a value close to the peptide vibration energy of the PBLG indicates a vibration-assisted relaxation process and a polaronic charge transport mechanism. An advantage of the PBLG–PtNP nanocomposite material is that the activation energy can be finely tuned by the PBLG degree of polymerization. Finally, an important outcome of this work is the investigation of the dielectric relaxation process in PBLG–PtNP under applied DC bias. We found that the activation energy decreases with increasing bias voltage for all degrees of polymerization of the PBLG molecule. This effect is interpreted in terms of electric field-induced alignment of the dipoles and of increased mobility of the polaronic charge carriers. The presence of piezoelectricity in the hybrid material gives the possibility to use the DC bias as a simple mean of monitoring the dynamical conductivity involving polaronic states.
Published: 2021
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32. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of the passive film for laser-beam-melted 17-4PH stainless steel

Author: Lydia Laffont, Julien Delgado, Bernard Tribollet, Adrien Barroux, Mark E. Orazem, Christine Blanc, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), CEntre Technique des Industries Mécaniques - Cetim (FRANCE), Department of Chemical Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|CHE), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques (LISE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Technique des Industries Mécaniques - CETIM (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Sorbonne Université (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), University of Florida (USA), and Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques - LISE (Paris, France)
Subjects: Materials science, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, Matériaux, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, B. EIS, C. Passive films, Capacitance, Corrosion, C. Pitting corrosion, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Pitting corrosion, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Composite material, Electrical impedance, B. Modelling studies, General Chemistry, C. Pitting corrosionon, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Dielectric spectroscopy, A. Stainless steel, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: International audience; The passive films formed on laser-beam-melted (LBM) and conventional 17-4PH martensitic stainless steels were studied by electrochemical impedance measurements in a 0.5 M NaCl solution at the corrosion potential. The passive films were described as dielectric layers, and impedance data showed that the Young model was the most appropriate to describe their electrical properties. Fitting of the impedance data led to lower capacitance values, associated with a thicker oxide layer, and higher resistivity values at the oxide-electrolyte interface for the LBM samples. While the differences were subtle, impedance measurements served to explain the better pitting corrosion resistance of LBM samples.
Published: 2021
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33. Chemical weathering and CO2 consumption in a multi-lithological karstic critical zone: Long term hydrochemical trends and isotopic survey

Author: Anne Probst, F. Ulloa-Cedamanos, Jean-Luc Probst, Issam Moussa, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service National d'Observation sur le KARST (SNO Karst), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Zone Atelier Pyrénées-Garonne (ZA PYGAR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Observatoires de la zone critique - OZCAR (FRANCE)
Subjects: Seasonal patterns, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Weathering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geochemistry, δ13CDIC and δ34SSO4, Karst, Mixing diagrams, Long-term hydrochemical survey, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Mountainous forested catchment, Isotopic signature, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Carbonate dissolution, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Calcite, Carbonic acid, Ecologie, Environnement, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Geology, 15. Life on land, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Carbonate, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Surface runoff
Abstract: The chemical weathering (CW) of rocks at the Earth's surface plays a key role in the global carbon cycle along multiple pathways. Although karst systems are hotspot carbonated areas, they are not always monolithological. It is therefore challenging to estimate the CW of these complex areas. The interannual, seasonal, and spatial variations of CW rates and CO2 consumption were investigated using a long-term hydrogeochemical database (1994–2019) from a mountainous karstic catchment in southwestern France (Baget Catchment). A geochemical and isotopic spatial sampling allowed the identification of the main mineral or lithological sources in the catchment, which controlled the water chemistry. The CW budget showed that the (Ca2+ + Mg2+) fluxes originated from carbonate dissolution (1.14 mol·m−2·yr−1 equivalent to 74%) and silicate weathering (18%) by carbonic acid solutions. Gypsum dissolution and carbonate weathering by sulphuric acid from pyrite oxidation contribute equally to 4%, although the former accounts for 66% of the dissolved sulphate fluxes. During a summer sampling survey, an innovative sulphur isotopic approach based on δ34SSO4, allowed us to demonstrate that the ore-nature sulphuric acid drove 9.0% of total carbonate dissolution and represented only 16.8% of the dissolved sulphate stream fluxes. Hydrological conditions, temperature, vegetation, the epikarst (quasi-permanent shallow and discontinuous saturated layer under the soil), and the water dynamics were the key factors influencing the inter-annual and inter-seasonal variations of the CW rates and CO2 consumption. In addition, the carbon isotopic signature evidenced geochemical processes such as CO2 outgassing and calcite precipitation processes. The latter could remove up to 74% of HCO3− from streamwaters, depending on the hydrological conditions at the outlet between 2016 and 2019. Finally, this study highlights that CW rates and CO2 consumption may vary over inter-annual and inter-seasonal scales, and spatially even for a small catchment. Furthermore, the global CO2 consumption appears to be mainly driven by the runoff intensity in karst hydrosystems, where carbonate dissolution was found to consume 71% of the total weathering CO2 uptake.
Published: 2021
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34. Formal verification of space systems designed with TASTE

Author: Dragomir, I, Bozga, M, Ober, Iulian, Silveira, D, Jorge, T, Alaña, E, Perrotin, M, GMV Space (GMV), GMV, VERIMAG (VERIMAG - IMAG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), GMVIS Skysoft SA (PORTUGAL), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Grenoble Alpes - UGA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), ESA - ESTEC (NETHERLANDS), and GMV Aerospace and Defence S.A. (SPAIN)
Subjects: Software Engineering (cs.SE), FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Software Engineering, MBSE, TASTE, model checking, Autre, [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE]
Abstract: International audience; Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is a development approach aiming to build correct-by-construction systems, provided the use of clear, unambiguous and complete models to describe them along the design process. The approach is supported by several engineering tools that automate the development steps, for example the production of code, documentation, test cases and more. TASTE [1] is pragmatic MBSE toolset supported by ESA that encapsulates several technologies to design a system (data modelling, architecture modelling, behaviour modelling/implementation), to automatically generate the binary application(s), and to validate it. One topic left open in TASTE is the formal verification of a system design with respect to specified properties. In this paper we describe our approach based on the IF model-checker [4] to enable the formal verification of properties on TASTE designs. The approach is currently under development in the ESA MoC4Space project.
Published: 2021

35. Robust, Transparent Hybrid Thin Films of Phase-Change Material Sb 2 S 3 Prepared by Electrophoretic Deposition

Author: Ngan T.K. Nguyen, Franck Gascoin, Fabien Grasset, Christopher L. Hassam, Tetsuo Uchikoshi, Bhuvanesh Srinivasan, Flavien Sciortino, Takao Mori, Katsuhiko Ariga, Yohann Thimont, David Berthebaud, Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), SAINT-GOBAIN-National Institute of Materials Science-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de cristallographie et sciences des matériaux (CRISMAT), École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), The authors would like to acknowledge funding from CNRS Emergence program. C.L.H., B.S. and F.S. acknowledge the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for postdoctoral fellowships JSPS P21723, P19720, and P18797 and KAKENHI JP19F19720, JP18F18797, respectively. Support from JST JPMJMI19A1 is also gratefully acknowledged., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics - WPI-MANA (JAPAN), National Institute for Materials Science - NIMS (JAPAN), University of Tokyo (JAPAN), University of Tsukuba (JAPAN), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (Rennes, France), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux - CIRIMAT (Toulouse, France), Saint-Gobain-National Institute of Materials Science-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Materials science, Coating materials, Matériaux, Thin films, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Electrophoretic deposition, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Phase-change material, Phase change materials, 0104 chemical sciences, Phase-change materials, Chemical engineering, Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Thin film, 0210 nano-technology, Chalcogenides
Abstract: International audience; Thin films of polyethyleneimine-stabilized Sb2S3 are prepared via electrophoretic deposition (EPD), showing strong adhesion between deposited layers and underlying substrate, with the films being crystallized via annealing. For amorphous films, thicknesses can be freely tuned from 0.2-1 μm, shrinking to 0.1-0.5 μm when crystallized, whilst retaining a crack-and defect-free surface, thus not impacting on their good stability, and maintaining their optical properties. Through UV-Vis spectroscopy and subsequent modelling of the obtained spectra, it was concluded that the materials after annealing showed a reduced band gap and a demonstrably increased refractive index (n) and carrier concentration. The use of EPD for this material shows the viability of rapidly creating stable thin films of phase-change materials.
Published: 2021
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36. Impact of body inclination on the flow past a rotating cylinder

Author: Rémi Bourguet, Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: Physics, Wakes, Mechanical Engineering, Mécanique des fluides, Flow (psychology), Reynolds number, Mechanics, Vorticity, Condensed Matter Physics, Rotation, Vortex shedding, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Vortex streets, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, symbols.namesake, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Mechanics of Materials, 0103 physical sciences, Perpendicular, symbols, Cylinder, Current (fluid), 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The rotation applied to a circular cylinder, rigidly mounted in a current perpendicular to its axis can result in the suppression of vortex shedding and of the associated force fluctuations. It also causes the emergence of a myriad of two- and three-dimensional flow regimes. The present paper explores numerically the impact of a deviation from the normal incidence configuration, by considering a rotating cylinder inclined in the current. The Reynolds number based on the body diameter and the magnitude of the current velocity component normal to its axis (U⊥) is set to 100. The range of values of the rotation rate (ratio between body surface velocity and U⊥, α ∈ [0, 5.5]) encompasses the two unsteady flow regions and three-dimensional transition identified at normal incidence. The inclination angle (θ) refers to the angle between the current direction and the plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis. A low inclination angle (θ ∈ {15◦,30◦}), i.e. slight deviation from normal incidence (θ = 0◦), has a limited influence on the global evolution of the flow with α, which can be predicted via the independence principle (IP), based on U⊥ only. This highlights the robustness of prior observations made for θ = 0◦. Some effects of the axial flow are however uncovered in the high-α range; in particular, the single-sided vortex shedding is replaced by an irregular streamwise-oriented structure. In contrast, a large inclination angle (θ = 75◦) leads to a major reorganization of flow evolution scenario over the entire α range, with the disappearance of all steady regimes, the occurrence of structures reflecting the pronounced asymmetry of the configuration (oblique shedding, strongly slanted vorticity tongues) and a dramatic departure of fluid forces from the IP prediction.
Published: 2021
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37. Pilot-Scale Lanthanide Precipitation from Sulfate-Based Spent Ni-MH Battery Leachates: Thermodynamic-Based Choice of Operating Conditions

Author: Béatrice Biscans, Laurent Cassayre, Margot Zielinski, Nicolas Coppey, Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Société Nouvelle d'Affinage des Métaux - SNAM (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: Lanthanide, Anions, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Precipitation, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 12. Responsible consumption, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Batteries, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, media_common.cataloged_instance, General Materials Science, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, European union, Sulfate, Génie des procédés, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Hydride, Precipitation (chemistry), General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Solutions, Nickel, chemistry, 13. Climate action, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Thermodynamics, 0210 nano-technology, Solid solution
Abstract: International audience; Access to critical metals required for high-performance technologies, particularly, the light rare earth elements (REEs = La, Ce, Nd, Pr), has become a major challenge for import-dependent economies such as the European Union. In this regard, the recycling of spent nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries by hydrometallurgical processes can serve as an attractive secondary source of REEs. In such processes, precipitation of REEs from pregnant leach solutions (PLS) in sulfate media using Na2SO4 is often reported. However, little consideration is given as to whether and how sodium ions influence the precipitation efficiency and selectivity. This work focuses on a better understanding of the precipitation process by coupling pilot-scale (2 L) experiments on industrially sourced PLS containing 50 g/L of Ni and 17 g/L of REEs, with thermodynamic modeling, to assess the influence of temperature (25 °C < T < 60 °C) and the Na/REEs molar ratio (0.8:1 < Na/REEs < 3.2:1). Equilibria calculations were performed using OLI Systems Inc. software whose database covers rare earth sulfate compound properties and an accurate description of the aqueous electrolytes. Highly selective precipitation was obtained at 60 °C and for a Na/REEs molar ratio of 4:1. A lanthanide-alkali solid solution was identified by multianalytical characterization.
Published: 2021
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38. Regularization via Deep Generative Models: an Analysis Point of View

Author: Thomas Oberlin, Mathieu Verm, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, IEEE Signal Processing Society, ANR-19-P3IA-0004,ANITI,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute(2019), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Inverse problems, Deblurring, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer science, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), [INFO.INFO-OH]Computer Science [cs]/Other [cs.OH], Inpainting, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Initialization, 02 engineering and technology, Data-driven priors, Regularization (mathematics), Image (mathematics), Machine Learning (cs.LG), Autre, Regularization, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Artificial neural network, Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), Generative models, 020207 software engineering, Inverse problem, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Generative model, Deep regularization, Computer Science::Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Algorithm, Estimation
Abstract: International audience; This paper proposes a new way of regularizing an inverse problem in imaging (e.g., deblurring or inpainting) by means of a deep generative neural network. Compared to end-to-end models, such approaches seem particularly interesting since the same network can be used for many different problems and experimental conditions, as soon as the generative model is suited to the data. Previous works proposed to use a synthesis framework, where the estimation is performed on the latent vector, the solution being obtained afterwards via the decoder. Instead, we propose an analysis formulation where we directly optimize the image itself and penalize the latent vector. We illustrate the interest of such a formulation by running experiments of inpainting, deblurring and super-resolution. In many cases our technique achieves a clear improvement of the performance and seems to be more robust, in particular with respect to initialization.
Published: 2021
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39. Partially acrylated linseed oil UV-cured coating containing a dihemiacetal ester for the corrosion protection of an aluminium alloy

Author: Vincent Ladmiral, Nadine Pébère, Claire Negrell, David Boucher, Nicolas Caussé, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier - ENSCM (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), and Université de Montpellier (FRANCE)
Subjects: Water uptake, food.ingredient, Materials science, Matériaux, General Chemical Engineering, Self-healing, 02 engineering and technology, Thermal treatment, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Corrosion, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, food, Linseed oil, Coating, Bio-based coating, Materials Chemistry, Aluminium alloy, Glass transition temperature, chemistry.chemical_classification, Barrier properties, Organic Chemistry, Epoxy, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Dielectric spectroscopy, chemistry, Chemical engineering, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience; The present work focused on the development of a partially bio-based polymer matrix for the corrosion protection of the 3003 aluminium alloy. A dihemiacetal ester (1,10-dibutoxyethyl sebacate (DBES)) was added to the formulation to afford, after an additional thermal treatment, further cross-linking and a repairing effect of the polymer matrix. First, an epoxidized linseed oil was partially acrylated and subsequently copolymerized with (3,4-dihydroxyphenetyl)-acrylamide and N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, with and without DBES under UV irradiation. Under thermal treatment, the DBES released dicarboxylic acid able to react with epoxy functions. The corrosion protection of the resulting coatings (with and without DBES and with and without the thermal treatment) was assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The diagrams were obtained for various immersion times in a 0.5 M NaCl solution. The coatings had good barrier properties, which remained stable throughout the duration of the impedance measurements (two weeks). The addition of the DBES in the formulation, followed by the thermal treatment, resulted in an increase of the barrier properties, a decrease of water uptake and a healing of some small matrix defects. The improvement of the anticorrosion ability of the coating containing the DBES after the thermal treatment was attributed to an additional cross-linking. This work illustrates an original strategy for the development of self-healing bio-based coatings by using temporarily protected functions (here, dihemiacetal ester functions).
Published: 2021
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40. Kinetics of interstitial uptake during gaseous carbo-oxidizing of titanium foils

Author: Marcel A. J. Somers, Dominique Poquillon, Frederik B. Kværndrup, Thomas Lundin Christiansen, Kenny Ståhl, Kristian Vinter Dahl, Technical University of Denmark (DENMARK), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), and Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux - CIRIMAT (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Materials science, Matériaux, Diffusion, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Activation energy, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, symbols.namesake, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Instrumentation, Arrhenius equation, Titanium, Nanoindentation, Microstructure evolution, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, 0104 chemical sciences, Kinetics, chemistry, Thermogravimetry, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; Foils of ticanium grade 2 were carbo-oxidized in CO ac cemperarures ranging from 600 co 11 0D°C in sceps of SD°C. carbo-oxidation was performed for up co 130 hours in a thermogravin1etric serup, enabling the investigation of the kinetics of carbon and oxygen upcake from the gas mixrure. The carbo-oxidized specimens were characterized with transmission X-ray diffraction, lighc optical microscopy, scanning elecrron microscopy, elecrron probe microanalysis and nanoindentation co invescigace the microsrruccural evolmion along with the upcake of oxygen and carbon. At the surfaces of the foils TiCx developed, while the core remained h.c.p. titanium. The interstitial content in h.c.p. ticanium increased with cemperacure and firsc reached ics maxinmm solubilicy ac l00D°C and above. TiO developed within the core for high interstitial contents. The TiCxOy phase developed in-becween TiC. and the oxygen containing h.c.p. ticanium core for cen1perarures above soo•c. For cemperarures up co 8500C, the uptake of C and O in the cicanium foils (initially) obeys a parabolic time dependence. Arrhenius analysis of the thermogravimerry results indicates chat volume diffusion of oxygen in h.c.p. titanium is (initially) the race decermining scep. For cemperacures above 850°C, the activation energy is reduced by a factor 3, suggesting chat shore-circuit diffusion of species in TiCx conrrols mass increase. The hardness of h.c.p. titanium determined with nanoindentation scales with the incersticial content and the associaced c/a ratio of the h.c.p. unie cell The evolution of the microstructure with tin1e and cen1perature are discussed in relation co the observed kinetics of mass uptake.
Published: 2021
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41. Carbon nanomaterials-based polymer-matrix nanocomposites for antimicrobial applications: A review

Author: Audrey Tourrette, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laure Giraud, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: Materials science, Matériaux, Nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Antimicrobial effect, Fabrication methods, Toxicity aspects, General Materials Science, Polymer, Carbon nanomaterials, chemistry.chemical_classification, Nanocomposite, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Antimicrobial, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Antimicrobial applications, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Carbon Nanomaterials present many exceptional properties, including antimicrobial ones. The transfer of the latter through their incorporation into materials has generated a growing interest with a significant increase in number of publications since 2011. The use of polymeric matrices presents many advantages, because polymers are efficient nanoparticles holders and also exhibit intrinsic antimicrobial properties in some cases. The state of the art of fabrication methods and presumed antimicrobial mechanism is presented, focusing on antibacterial activity as the latter is, by far, the most discussed in the literature. Even if many examples of such nanocomposites are available, most of them correspond to carbon nanomaterials incorporated in the volume, while only the surface is of interest in terms of intrinsic (and thus expected long-term) activity, and there is still a lack of information concerning the occurring antimicrobial mechanisms. We have identified the good stability of carbon nanomaterials in biological environment as an interesting option in terms of durability of the antimicrobial effect and will discuss this question in detail, as well as the fact that there are currently no clear conclusions concerning toxicity aspects due to the possible release of such nanoparticles in use conditions.
Published: 2021
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42. Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy contribution to disentangle nanomaterial (DWCNT, TiO 2 ) impacts on tomato plants

Author: Mohammad Wazne, Mansi Bakshi, Valentin Costa, Camille Larue, Clarisse Liné, Juan Reyes-Herrera, Hiram Castillo-Michel, Elisabeth Jamet, David Roujol, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), ID21 Beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Dynamique et Evolution des Parois cellulaires végétales, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse Tech InterLab funding (SPECPLANP), Région Occitanie, Université Fédérale de Toulouse, Banaras Hindu University - BHU (INDIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility - ESRF (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales - LRSV (Castanet-Tolosan, France), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: Matériaux, Materials Science (miscellaneous), plant, Carbon nanotube, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Nanomaterials, law.invention, soil, Cell wall, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, Screening method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, carbon nanotube, Chemical composition, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, 0303 health sciences, Plant physiology, toxicity, Xyloglucan, chemistry, FTIR, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, cell wall
Abstract: International audience; Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are among the most used nanomaterials (NMs). However, their impacts especially on the terrestrial ecosystems and on plants are still controversial. Apart from obvious physico-chemical differences, a possible explanation of these contrasting results could be the wide range of methods used to evaluate the toxicity at different levels of plant physiology. Fourier Transformed InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy is a sensitive and widely informative technique that probes the chemical composition of plants. In this study, we investigated the impacts of CNTs and TiO2-NPs (100 and 500 mg.kg-1) on tomato plants after 5, 10, 15 and 20 days of exposure in soil. Using morphological parameters, no toxicity was found except after 15 days of exposure (-57% in height and-62% in foliar area for plants exposed to 100 mg.kg-1 TiO2-NPs, but no impact after CNT exposure) while FTIR revealed effects of the two NMs starting after 5 days of exposure and being maximum after 15 days. After spectral data treatment optimization, FTIR results suggested modifications in leaf cell wall components of plants subjected to both NMs. Microarray polymer profiling confirmed changes in xyloglucan and homogalacturonan levels for plants exposed to TiO2-NPs. In summary, FTIR was an effective screening method to evaluate the impacts of NMs on tomato plants and to identify their implications on the plant cell walls.
Published: 2021
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43. Design of 3D microbial anodes for microbial electrolysis cells (MEC) fuelled by domestic wastewater. Part I: Multiphysics modelling

Author: Benjamin Erable, Alain Bergel, Régine Basséguy, Rémy Lacroix, Serge Da Silva, Luc Etcheverry, Emma Roubaud, 6T-MIC Ingénieries (FRANCE), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, 6T-MIC Ingenieries (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), and Laboratoire de Génie Chimique - LGC (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Materials science, Multiphysics, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, law, Microbial electrolysis cell, Génie chimique, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Génie des procédés, Porosity, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrogen production, Electrolysis, Process Chemistry and Technology, Chemical oxygen demand, Domestic wastewater treatment, 3D graphite electrodes, Multiphysics modelling, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Anode, Bioelectrochemical systems, Chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The performance of a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) supplied with domestic wastewater (dWW) is essentially limited by the kinetics of the anodic bioelectrochemical reactions and the low ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. A strategy to boost-up the anodic bioelectrochemical kinetics is to use three-dimensional (3D) microbial anodes that offer a high total anodic surface area and volume density of electroactive biofilm. In this work, a 3D multiphysics model was designed to simulate the current generation and resulting hydrogen production in double and triple-compartment MECs fed continuously with dWW. Simulations indicated that optimised 3D microbial anode geometries could simultaneously increase current and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal by 86% compared to a 2D planar graphite electrode. At a constant CEM voltage, the current produced increased with the thickness of the 3D microbial anode up to a limiting thickness of 20 mm. Beyond this value, the current was stagnant due to the predominant ohmic drop. Current generation and COD removal could be further increased by designing 3D anode geometrical arrangements that force the dWWs to flow through the porosity of the 3D microbial anode. A gain of 20% was calculated by substituting a monolithic 3D graphite anode with a 3D anode of the same thickness (20 mm) but constructed of plates stacked on top of each other and spaced 2.5 mm apart. Finally, hydrogen production performance was additionally optimised by a further + 20% by switching from a two-compartment MEC design (anode-cathode) to a three-compartment MEC design (cathode-anode-cathode).
Published: 2021
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44. High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Ti6242S Ti-based Alloy

Author: Raphaëlle Peraldi, Daniel Monceau, Philippe Emile, Benjamin Dod, Charlotte Dupressoire, Aurélie Vande Put, Carole Thouron, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Airbus [France], Airbus (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: Materials science, Matériaux, Alloy, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Titanium-based alloy, engineering.material, Oxygen dissolution, Oxygen, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0203 mechanical engineering, Oxidizing agent, Materials Chemistry, Embrittlement, Dissolution, High-temperature oxidation, Metallurgy, Metals and Alloys, technology, industry, and agriculture, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, equipment and supplies, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, chemistry, engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Titanium
Abstract: International audience; The aircraft industry is always looking for improved efficiency through higher in-service engine temperatures and lighter structures. Titanium-based alloys are good candidates for such applications because of their high specific strength. However, when exposed to high-temperature oxidizing environments, a large amount of dissolved oxygen can be found in such alloys beneath the growing oxide scale, possibly leading to embrittlement. Consequently, evaluating the oxidation resistance of these alloys is essential. With this aim, long-term oxidation tests were carried out on Ti6242S alloy between 500 and 650 °C to study the effect of temperature, surface preparation and microstructure on oxide scale and oxygen dissolution. While increasing the temperature from 560 to 625 °C led to accelerated oxidation kinetics, surface preparation had no noticeable effect on mass variations and oxygen diffusion profiles. Regarding microstructure, when comparing Ti6242S samples having similar α-phase fraction but very different microstructures (fineness and morphology), there wasn’t any significant effect found on mass change and oxygen diffusion after 1 kh at 650 °C.
Published: 2021
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45. Molecular desorption by a moving contact line

Author: Thierry Ondarçuhu, Sylvain Franiatte, Philippe Tordjeman, Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: Materials science, Capillary action, Mécanique des fluides, General Physics and Astronomy, Wetting, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Interfacial phenomena, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Adsorption, Desorption, 0103 physical sciences, Molecule, Nanosciences, 010306 general physics, Line (formation), Contact line, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Chemical physics, Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Nanometre, Contact line dynamics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The interaction of the contact line with topographical or chemical defects at the nanometer scale sets the macroscopic wetting properties of a liquid on a solid substrate. Based on specific atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments, we demonstrate that molecules physically sorbed on a surface are removed by a dynamic contact line. The mechanism of molecules desorption is directly determined by the capillary force exerted at the contact line on the molecules. We also emphasize the potential of AFM to clearly decorrelate the effects of topographical and chemical defects and monitor, with a subsecond time resolution, the dynamics of molecules adsorption on a surface.
Published: 2021
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46. Sediment reworking by the burrowing polychaete Hediste diversicolor modulated by environmental and biological factors across the temperate North Atlantic. A tribute to Gaston Desrosiers

Author: Patrick Gillet, Ronnie N. Glud, Gary T. Banta, Erik Kristensen, Martin Solan, Renald Belley, Robert C. Aller, Anthony Maire, Jonas S. Gunnarsson, Michael J. Townsend, Franck Gilbert, Philippe Cuny, Lois Calder, Stina Lindqvist, Xavier de Montaudouin, Emma Michaud, Stephen Widdicombe, Judith R. Renz, Luca Giorgio Bellucci, Stefan Hulth, Karl Norling, Philippe Archambault, Jasmin A. Godbold, Susanne P. Eriksson, Stefan Forster, Nils Volkenborn, Georges Stora, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences [Stony Brook] (SoMAS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Roskilde University, Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Québec-Océan, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), University of Rostock, Mer, molécules et santé (MMS UCO), Université Catholique de l'Ouest (UCO)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton], University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC), University of Southampton, Nordic Centre of Earth Evolution (NORDCEE), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology [Gothenburg], Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Water and Atmosphere [Hamilton] (NIWA), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Plymouth Marine Laboratory
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Functional response group, Aquatic Science, Intraspecific variation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Bioturbation, Sediment reworking, Hediste diversicolor, Functional effect group, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, BioturbationSediment reworking, Organic matter, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Nereis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, chemistry.chemical_classification, Biomass (ecology), biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Oceanography, chemistry, Ecosystèmes, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Particle mixing and irrigation of the seabed by benthic fauna (bioturbation) have major impacts on ecosystem functions such as remineralization of organic matter and sediment-water exchange. As a tribute to Prof. Gaston Desrosiers by the Nereis Park association, eighteen laboratories carried out a collaborative experiment to acquire a global snapshot of particle reworking by the polychaete Hediste diversicolor at 16 sites surrounding the Northern Atlantic. Organisms and soft sediments were collected during May – July at different geographical locations and, using a common laboratory protocol, particulate fluorescent tracers (‘luminophores’) were used to quantify particle transport over a 10-day period. Particle mixing was quantified using the maximum penetration depth of tracers (MPD), particle diffusive coefficients (Db), and non-local transport coefficients (r). Non-local coefficients (reflecting centimeter scale transport steps) ranged from 0.4 to 15 yr−1, and were not correlated across sites with any measured biological (biomass, biovolume) or environmental parameters (temperature, grain size, organic matter). Maximum penetration depths (MPD) averaged ~10.7 cm (6.5–14.5 cm), and were similar to the global average bioturbation depth inferred from short-lived radiochemical tracers. MPD was also not correlated with measures of size (individual biomass), but increased with grain size and decreased with temperature. Biodiffusion (Db) correlated inversely with individual biomass (size) and directly with temperature over the environmental range (Q10 ~ 1.7; 5–21 °C). The transport data were comparable in magnitude to rates reported for localized H. diversicolor populations of similar size, and confirmed some but not all correlations between sediment reworking and biological and environmental variables found in previous studies. The results imply that measures of particle reworking activities of a species from a single location can be generally extrapolated to different populations at similar conditions.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. CONSTRAINED BAYESIAN OPTIMIZATION OVER MIXED CATEGORICAL VARIABLES, WITH APPLICATION TO AIRCRAFT DESIGN

Author: Paul Saves, Nathalie Bartoli, Youssef Diouane, Thierry Lefebvre, Joseph Morlier, Christophe DAVID, Eric Van, Sébastien Defoort, ONERA / DTIS, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)
Subjects: Surrogate-based Optimization, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Mécanique des structures, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Bayesian Optimization, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Green Aircraft, Gaussian Process, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Future Aircraft, Multidisciplinary Design Optimization
Abstract: International audience; Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) methods aim at adapting numerical optimization techniques to the design of engineering systems involving multiple disciplines or components. Among MDO architectures, various ones are considering the resolution of the Multidisciplinary Design Analysis (MDA). In our study, the system of interest being an aircraft, the resolution of the MDA will be provided by the Future Aircraft Sizing Tool with Overall Aircraft Design (FAST-OAD), a point mass approach that estimates the required fuel and energy consumption for a given set of top-level aircraft requirements. In this context, a large number of mixed continuous, integer and categorical variables that arise from aircraft design has to be tackled by the optimization process. Recently, there has been a growing interest in mixed variables constrained Bayesian optimization based on Gaussian process surrogate models. In this setting, most existing approaches severely increase the dimension of the covariance matrix related to the surrogate. In fact, the construction of the Gaussian process model may not be scalable to practical applications involving a large number of mixed variables. In this paper, we address this issue by constructing a covariance kernel for the surrogate model that depends on only a few hyperparameters. The new kernel is constructed based on the information obtained from the partial least squares method. The obtained numerical results lead to interesting results for the optimization of a baseline aircraft and to reduce the fuel consumption of "DRAGON", a new hybrid electric propulsion aircraft, with a high number of mixed variables and for a small budget of time-consuming evaluations.
Published: 2021

48. Fully coupled electrothermal and mechanical simulation of the production of complex shapes by spark plasma sintering

Author: Alicia Weibel, Romain Epherre, Yannick Beynet, Geoffroy Chevallier, Claude Estournès, A. Van der Laan, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Norimat (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Computer simulation, Creep parameters, Matériaux, Spark plasma sintering, Pellets, Sintering, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Fully coupled, Creep, Numerical modelling, Distortion, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Complex shapes, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The obtention of an accurate mechanical model of the spark plasma sintering (SPS) requires the identification of creep parameters. Those parameters are usually determined experimentally, which involves several tests and could be a source of error for the model predictions. A numerical identification, based on only one SPS exper-iment per material, allowed the determination of the creep parameters of Al2O3 and TiAl samples. The resulting mechanical model was then coupled with an electro-thermal model of the system to obtain a fully coupled simulation of the SPS. This model can predict the densification behavior not only of simple pellets, but also of complex shape configurations. It accurately predicts the density gradients inside the complex sintered parts as well as the interface distortion during sintering. Thus, numerical simulation can be used as an efficient predictive tool to obtain fully dense objects with the desired geometry
Published: 2021
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49. Aeroelastic implications of active winglet concept aimed to improve civil transport aircraft performances

Author: Delavenne, Martin, Barriety, Bernard, Vetrano, Fabio, Ferrand, Valérie, Salaün, Michel, Département Conception et conduite des véhicules Aéronautiques et Spatiaux (DCAS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Airbus Operation S.A.S., Airbus [France], Département Aérodynamique Energétique et Propulsion (DAEP), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Airbus (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), and Département de Mécanique des Structures et Matériaux - DMSM (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Optimization, Mécanique des fluides, Active winglet, Aeroelasticity, CFD/CSM, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Reduction of aircraft environmental footprint has become over years a keyobjective for the industry. Particularly, for decades winglets have been proven to eficiently reduce drag and fuel consumption. However, the design of those wingtip extensions mainly relies on an aerodynamic shape optimisation for a given cruise condition resulting in suboptimal behaviour for the rest of the flight. Active winglet concept proposes to optimise the winglet cant angle along the flight to compensate the loss of eficiency inherent to fixed designs. The variation of winglet deflection impacts the lift distribution with repercussion on wing deformation that must be investigated. Besides, the presence of moving massesat the tip of the wing also has influence on dynamic response and particularly on flutter onset. This work proposes to evaluate those impacts through an aeroelastic analysis ofboth static and dynamic implications of active winglets combined with an aerodynamicperformances optimisation. The XRF1, an Airbus provided industrial standard multi-disciplinary research test case representing a typical configuration for wide body long-range aircraft, is used as the baseline aircraft. Coupled CFD/CSM computations areperformed to assess the evolution of wing shape with respect to winglets deflections and theconsequences on mission performance optimisation. While a parametric flutter analysisis carried-out to highlight the dependence of critical flutter speed on winglet cant angle.
Published: 2021

50. Benchmark of wrinkling formulae and methods for pre-sizing of aircraft lightweight sandwich structures

Author: Michele D'Ottavio, Olivier Polit, Bruno Castanié, Christophe Bouvet, M. Ginot, Elixir Aircraft, Laboratoire Energétique Mécanique Electromagnétisme (LEME), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Elixir Aircraft (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi)
Subjects: Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.MECA.MSMECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], Benchmark, Composite beams, Stress (mechanics), 0203 mechanical engineering, Simple (abstract algebra), Sandwich structures, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Light aviation, Civil and Structural Engineering, business.industry, Structural engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Wrinkling, Sizing, Finite element method, Compressive load, Mécanique des structures, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Buckling, Ceramics and Composites, Benchmark (computing), 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: Sandwich structures are widely used in many industrial applications and especially in light aviation. The local buckling phenomenon named “wrinkling” is one of the primary causes of compressive failure of such structures. Its calculation is a difficult practical problem since this phenomenon cannot be captured by the GFEM (Global Finite Element Model) classically used for aircraft structure sizing. Therefore, pre-sizing involves the use of a wrinkling model, which can be found in the literature. In practice, such models are used with high safety factors by the industry. This paper proposes an evaluation of analytical wrinkling formulas in an industrial setting. Realistic applications involve a framework (3D stress state, orthotropy, skin asymmetry) far from the assumptions on which most of the analytical formulations are based. The case study is a sandwich composite beam subjected to uni-axial compressive load. Limitations and assumptions of the analytical wrinkling models studied are quantified and a discussion on the relevance of using simple formulas for the design of sandwich structured composites is developed.
Published: 2021
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