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National audience; OBJECTIVES: Functional neurological disorders have witnessed intense research activity in the fields of structural and functional neuroimaging for more than twenty years. Thus, we propose a synthesis of recent research findings and etiological hypotheses that have been proposed so far. This work should help clinicians to better understand the nature of the mechanisms involved, but also help patients to increase their knowledge about the biological features underlying their functional symptoms. METHODS: We carried out a narrative review of international publications dealing with neuroimaging and biology of functional neurological disorders, from 1997 to 2023. RESULTS: Several brain networks underlie functional neurological symptoms. These networks play a role in the management of cognitive resources, in attentional control, emotion regulation, in agency and in the processing of interoceptive signals. The mechanisms of the stress response are also associated with the symptoms. The biopsychosocial model helps to better understand predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors involved. The functional neurological phenotype results from the interaction between: i) a specific pre-existing vulnerability resulting from biological background and epigenetic modifications, and ii) exposure to stress factors, according to the stress-diathesis model. This interaction causes emotional disturbances including hypervigilance, lack of integration of sensations and affects, and emotional dysregulation. These characteristics in turn impact the cognitive, motor and affective control processes related with the functional neurological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: A better knowledge of the biopsychosocial determinants of brain network dysfunctions is necessary. Understanding them would help developing targeted treatments, but is also critical for patients care.

There is an ongoing debate about the importance and the extent to which psychological and psychopathological factors, adverse childhood experiences, and socio-demographic characteristics are associated with the development of certain types of rheumatic disease. With the aim of contributing to knowledge on the subject, the present study uses machine learning modeling to determine the importance of 20 psychological and social variables in predicting two classes of rheumatic disease: inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) (rheumatoid arthritis = RA, spondyloarthritis = SA, and Sjögren's syndrome = SS) versus non-inflammatory RMD, namely fibromyalgia = FM). A total of 165 French women with FM, RA, SA, and SS completed an inventory of personality traits, a psychopathology diagnosis questionnaire, and a fatigue/pain questionnaire. They also answered questions about adverse childhood experiences and socio-demographic characteristics. Random forest and logistic regression machine learning algorithms were used for data analysis. The main findings suggest that mistreatment during childhood ((MDA = 10.22), the agreeableness personality trait (MDA = 3.39), and somatic disorder (MDA = 3.25) are the main psychological and social predictors of the type of rheumatic disease diagnosed. The first two predictors (OR = 18.92 and OR = 6.11) are also more strongly associated with FM than with RA-SA-SS. Overall, adverse childhood experiences seem relatively more important than personality traits, psychopathological or demographic variables. The results of this study suggest that traumatic childhood experiences may lead to psychopathological disorders in adulthood, which in turn might underlie, at least in part, the development of FM. Since there are no imaging or biological markers of FM, the present findings contribute to the scientific literature offering information to help patients with FM understand their pathology. They may also provide physicians with more diagnostic information.

Resume L’adhesion aux mythes du viol (AMV) tend a rendre les femmes responsables des viols ou agressions sexuelles qu’elles peuvent subir et a disculper les auteurs de ces violences. L’objectif de l’etude est d’explorer les qualites psychometriques de la version francaise de l’« Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression Scale » (AMMSA) et d’etudier les relations entre l’AMV, les styles d’attachement au partenaire et la violence conjugale chez des jeunes adultes et des auteurs de violence conjugale. Les participants (n = 275) etaient repartis en 243 etudiants en psychologie et en psychiatrie (âge moyen de 26,94 ans ± 4,06, etendue de 19 ans a 38 ans, avec 21 % d’homme ; n = 50) et 32 d’hommes pris en charge par un centre d’accueil therapeutique pour auteurs de violence conjugale (âge moyen de 40,84 ans ± 11,06, etendue de 22 ans a 61 ans). L’AMV etait mesuree par l’AMMSA et le style d’attachement par l’« Experiences in Close Relationships scale » (ECR) avec deux dimensions : l’anxiete liee a l’attachement au partenaire et l’evitement de l’intimite dans le couple. Les resultats ont permis de retrouver un seul facteur a l’AMMSA (valeur propre de 9,04, expliquant plus de 30 % de la variance totale) qui saturait (> 0,30) 29 des 30 items, avec une coherence interne de 0,91. Les auteurs de violence conjugale ont rapporte des scores d’AMV plus importants et egalement une plus grande insecurite au partenaire (anxiete uniquement). Cette etude met en evidence les bonnes qualites psychometriques de l’AMMSA.

Introduction Dissociation is a contraindication for cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for PTSD and has been observed to impair CBT efficacy. Therefore, there is a need to identify the determinants of dissociation through functional analysis, as well as strategies to cope with dissociation. Identifying such determinants would allow clinicians to treat dissociation and would therefore increase CBT efficacy for patients suffering from dissociation and PTSD. Method We recruited 15 patients suffering from dissociative subtype of PTSD. We used self-report scales to measure post-traumatic symptoms, dissociative symptoms and emotion regulation abilities. We used a visual analog scale to measure the ability to control dissociation. A trained clinician then carried out semi-structured interviews to explore the determinants of dissociation. Results We identified different manifestations, positive and negative beliefs, and triggers of dissociation, and strategies to block it. A functional analysis of dissociation was developed based on these data. Conclusion Cognitive restructuring techniques could be used to change beliefs about dissociation. Different strategies to block dissociation has been identified in this study, such as concentration, emotion regulation, and reality anchor techniques.

International audience; Introduction. – The Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST) is one of the most frequently used tools on the international level for assessing sexual addiction. This study aimed to translate the English version of the SAST, and adapt and test the psychometric properties of its French version (the SAST-Fr) by establishing its factor structure, internal consistency and convergent validity.Methods. – Three hundred ninety eight voluntary participants were recruited online through specialized forums. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the SAST-Fr and the diagnostic criteria of sexual addiction proposed by Goodman. We tested the psychometric properties of SAST-Fr through an exploratory factorial analysis, especially its internal consistency, using the Kuder-Richardson alpha (KR-20) given that the items were dichotomous. We also performed correlation analyses of Bravais-Pearson on numerical variables. Finally, we studied the predictive validity of Goodman’s score in predicting SAST-Fr criteria using a ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) analysis.; Introduction. – Le SAST (Sexual Addiction Screening Test) est l’un des outils les plus fréquemment utilisés sur un plan international pour évaluer l’addiction sexuelle. L’objectif de cette étude est de traduire la version anglophone du SAST, d’adapter et d’analyser les qualités psychométriques de sa version francophone (le SAST-Fr) et la validité convergente de cette dernière.Méthodes. – Notre étude a porté sur 398 sujets recrutés sur internet grâce à des forums spécialisés. Nous avons proposé à ces derniers un questionnaire incluant des données sociodémographiques, le SASTFr et les critères d’addiction sexuelle selon Goodman. Nous avons testé les qualités psychométriques du SAST-Fr à travers une analyse factorielle exploratoire, notamment sa consistance interne à l’aide du coefficient Kuder-Richardson (KR-20). Nous avons effectué des analyses de corrélations de Bravais Pearson sur les variables numériques. Enfin, nous avons étudié la validité prédictive du score de Goodman dans la prédiction des critères du SAST-Fr, à travers une analyse ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics). Résultats. – L’âge moyen des participants était de 29,08 ans (f 11,30) incluant 54 % de femmes (n = 215). L’analyse statistique montre que le SAST-Fr possède une structure mono-factorielle expliquant 31 % de la variance, une excellente consistance interne (KR-20 = 0,90). Les scores aux items du SAST-Fr sont fortement corrélés à ceux des critères de Goodman (r = 0,79 ; p < 0,001).Conclusion. – Nos résultats indiquent que le SAST-Fr possède des propriétés psychométriques proches de la version originale anglophone. Il est un outil fiable et valide, qui facilite le repérage des symptômes de l’addiction sexuelle.

International audience; Purpose: Recent etiopathogenic models place emotional dysregulation at the core of psychogenic nonepileptic seizure (PNES). Our purpose was to assess physiological, cognitive, and behavioral emotional responses of PNES patients.Methods: This study compared three types of emotional responses to visual emotional stimuli between 34 female PNES group and 34 matched healthy controls: physiological response measured by skin conductance response (SCR) (rate, amplitude and latency) and heart rate deceleration; cognitive response measured by valence and arousal elicited by the images; and behavioural response measured by latency of ratings. The groups were characterized on psychiatric comorbidities, traumatic history, alexithymia, and dissociation.Results: Compared to controls, PNES group displayed lower SCR for all images (p = 0.038), shorter amplitude of heart rate deceleration (p = 0.024) and faster arousal rating for all images (p = 0.019), but no difference on cognitive rating of images. Within-groups analyses showed only in PNES subjects increased rate (+19.35%, p = 0.046) SCR for negative stimuli with strong arousal compared to negative with low arousal. PNES physiological response (SCR and heart rate deceleration) was negatively correlated to dissociation tendency (r=-0.48, p = 0.0083) and alexithymia (r=-0.44, p = 0.012)). For cognitive response, no correlation was found.Conclusion: These results are in favour of a lower physiological emotional response but with an over-reactivity at behavioral level contrasting with similar cognitive assessment. For strong aversive stimuli, PNES might present a trend to overreact at physiological and behavioural levels. Our results suggest that dissociation and difficulty in describing feelings are associated with an altered physiological response in PNES women only.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent among patients hospitalized for an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Hospitalization can improve PTSD and AUD outcomes in some but not all patients, but we lack data on the baseline predictors of PTSD non-remission. This study aimed to determine the baseline risk factors for non-remitted PTSD in patients hospitalized for an AUD. Of 298 AUD inpatients recruited in a rehabilitation center (Le Courbat, France), we included 91 AUD inpatients with a co-occurring PTSD and a longitudinal assessment at baseline (T1) and before discharge (T2: 8 weeks later). Patients were assessed for PTSD diagnosis/severity (PCL-5=PTSD Checklist for DSM-5), different types of trauma including childhood trauma (LEC-5=Life Events Checklist for DSM-5/CTQ-SF=Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Short-Form), and AUD diagnosis/severity (clinical interview/AUDIT=Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). Rate of PTSD remission between T1 and T2 was 74.1%. Non-remitted PTSD at T2 was associated with a history of childhood trauma (physical, emotional or sexual abuse, physical negligence), but not with other types of trauma experienced, nor baseline PTSD or AUD severity. Among patients hospitalized for an AUD with co-occurring PTSD, PTSD remission was more strongly related to the existence of childhood trauma than to AUD or PTSD severity at admission. These patients should be systematically screened for childhood trauma in order to tailor evidence-based interventions.

BackgroundThere is unreliable, and negligible information on the mental health and trauma-exposure of asylum-seekers and displaced refugees in the Iraqi Kurdistan region.ObjectivesTo evaluate how responsible the ethno-religious origins are, for the prevalence of trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in displaced Iraqi asylum-seekers and refugees residing in the Iraqi Kurdistan region.MethodsStructured interviews with a cross-sectional sample of 150 individuals, comprised of three self-identified ethno-religious groups (50 participants in each): Christians, Muslims, and Yazidis.Results100% prevalence of trauma exposure and 48.7% of current PTSD among refugees, 70% PTSD rate of Yazidi participants, which is significantly higher (p < 0.01) compared to 44% of Muslim participants and 32% of Christian participants. These findings were corroborated using the self-rated PTSD, DSM-5 Checklist, with more severe PTSD symptom scores (p < 0.001) obtained among Yazidis (43.1; 19.7), compared to Muslims (31.3; 20.1) and Christians (29.3; 17.8). Self-rated depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) were also higher (p < 0.007) among Yazidis (12.3; 8.2) and Muslims (11.7; 5.9), compared to Christians (8.1; 7).

International audience; ObjectiveOur primary objective was to validate the French version of the BFI-10, an ultra-short ten-item version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI; John et al., 1991), which allows for a reasonably accurate assessment of personality in circumstances in which more in-depth assessment is not possible. In order to reach a thorough evaluation of the external validity, we also aimed to examine the bandwidth of the BFI-10 scales with reference to the study by De Young, Quilty and Peterson (2007) who distinguished between two aspects in each of the Big Five: Assertiveness and Enthusiasm for Extraversion; Compassion and Politeness for Agreeability; Orderliness and Productiveness for Conscientiousness; Withdrawal and Volatility for Negative Emotionality, and finally Openness to Aesthetics and Openness to Ideas for Open-Mindedness. Our concern with regard to bandwidth was to examine whether the BFI-10 scales have strong enough correlations with both aspects of each domain.MethodsParticipants. Data from four samples were analysed: Sample 1 comprised 2499 undergraduate students (1654 women) who completed the full BFI in university classes; Sample 2 comprised 13,306 participants (8471 women) who filled out the BFI-10 ten items online via Internet; Sample 3 comprised 143 undergraduate students (115 women) who completed the full BFI twice with a two-week interval; Sample 4 comprised 360 undergraduate students (183 women) who filled out the BFI and NEO PI-R. Instruments. The French version of the Big Five Inventory is a 45-item inventory, which measures the five broader domains of personality. The ultrashort Ten-item Big Five Inventory (BFI-10) was developed simultaneously in German and English by Rammstedt and John (2007); it comprises five two-item scales measuring the big five domains. The Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory Revised (NEO PI-R; Costa et McCrae, 1992) is a 240-item questionnaire which assesses the big five domains and 30 lower-order facets, i.e. six facets per domain. Statistical analyses. Factor structure and reliability of the five two-item scales were first investigated on samples 1 and 3. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted on samples 1 and 2, and discriminant validity was assessed via comparison with the NEO PI-R (sample 4). In order to examine the bandwidth of the BFI-10 two-item scales, we studied their correlation not only with the NEO PI-R domains but also with the 30 facets.ResultsThe CFAs showed the good fit of the five-factor structure, with RMSEA = .077 (.072), CFI = .974 (.956), and SRMR = .029 (.027) in samples 1 and 2 respectively. Multigroup CFA conducted in groups 1 and 2 showed invariance across gender of factor loadings and item intercepts. Test-retest reliability was satisfactory with rs ranging from .68 (Open-Mindedness) to .86 (Extraversion and Negative Emotionality). The comparison of the two-item scales with the NEO PI-R scales showed high correlations not only with the NEO domain scales, but also with several facets: Four BFI-10 two-item scales (Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Negative Emotionality, and Open-Mindedness) were highly correlated with at least three of the six NEO facet scales in each domain. For Agreeableness, the magnitude of correlations was smaller, but the pattern of correlations was the same. All BFI-10 scales had at least moderate correlations with both aspects of each domain, with the exception of Negative Emotionality, which measured the NEO Withdrawal aspect better than Volatility.ConclusionThe French version of the BFI-10 demonstrated the expected five-factor structure, satisfactory reliability, and broad bandwidth. It could be a valuable tool for the assessment of personality in circumstances in which it is not possible to use a longer and more in-depth instrument, especially when personality is not the main focus of research but one of the variables to be controlled.; L’objectif de cette étude est de valider une adaptation française de la forme très courte du Big Five Inventory (BFI) qui comporte 10 items (BFI-10). Notre but était d’examiner en profondeur, en plus de la structure factorielle et de la fiabilité, la validité de cet instrument, afin de déterminer s’il mesure de manière adéquate les domaines de la personnalité ou seulement certains de leurs aspects. Nous avons recruté 4 échantillons différents (respectivement n = 2499, 13 306, 143 et 360 participants) pour étudier la structure factorielle, la fidélité test-retest et la validité externe du BFI-10. Les instruments utilisés étaient le BFI (échantillons 1, 3 et 4), le BFI-10 (échantillon 2) et le NEO PI-R (échantillon 4). Nous avons étudié la structure factorielle du BFI-10, la fidélité test-retest et la validité externe avec les échelles du NEO PI-R. Les analyses factorielles confirmatoires ont confirmé la pertinence de la structure en cinq facteurs, avec des indices d’ajustement satisfaisants, ainsi que l’invariance selon le sexe des coefficients de saturation et des intercepts, ce qui rend valide la comparaison des scores des femmes et des hommes. La comparaison avec le NEO PI-R montre que les échelles du BFI-10 fournissent une estimation suffisamment large des domaines. Les femmes ont des scores de Névrosisme plus élevés que les hommes (d = 0,55), alors que les différences aux autres échelles sont négligeables. Le BFI-10 présente des qualités psychométriques intéressantes qui permettent une évaluation raisonnablement fiable et valide de la personnalité dans des circonstances où l’emploi d’instruments plus longs n’est pas envisageable.

Child pornography involves the realisation of deviant fantasies with very specific characteristics with regard to its content and use and therefore the legal action needed to deal with it. The internet has facilitated its dissemination and access and complicates the issue but we need to be able to identify and track people who use illegal pornography. This paper is based on a review of the literature and presents some criminological characteristics of child pornography on the internet.

International audience

Resume Introduction Les determinants individuels du decrochage ont fait l’objet d’importants developpements dans la litterature recente. Notre objectif est de faire le point sur les connaissances scientifiques disponibles en ce domaine. Methode L’article present est une revue de litterature realisee a partir de PsycInfo et basee sur un total de 50 articles publies entre 2010 et 2017. Resultats Les performances scolaires et les conduites a risque precoces restent les meilleurs determinants du decrochage. Anxiete, depression et troubles externalises peuvent jouer un role direct ou indirect dans la prediction du decrochage. Le manque de soutien psycho-affectif favorise fortement l’intention de decrocher. Discussion Les biais methodologiques nuancent l’importance du genre, des resultats scolaires, et du redoublement. Le developpement des connaissances sur les relations entre differents determinants, les profils d’eleves a risque et les temporalites a risque doivent permettre de mieux comprendre les trajectoires de decrochage et les processus a l’œuvre au sein de differents contextes scolaires.

Les Cercles de Soutien et de Responsabilité (CSR), nés il y a 24 ans à Hamilton au Canada pour répondre à l'inquiétude du public provoquée par le retour des délinquants sexuels dans la société après leur libération, se développent partout dans le monde. Ils proposent l’accompagnement de l’agresseur dans sa réinsertion sociale. Efficaces dans les pays étrangers, ces dispositifs se développent lentement en France. L’objectif de cet article est de tenter d’expliquer les freins à l’implantation des CSR en France au regard des difficultés rencontrées lors des expériences françaises passées et actuelles, mais aussi des différences interculturelles entre la France et le Canada.

Resume Introduction Les representations sociales concernant les auteurs de violences sexuelles (AVS) sont habituellement pejoratives. L’objectif de cette etude est l’elaboration d’une echelle d’evaluation de ces representations, la comparaison des attitudes des professionnels a la population generale, la prise en compte des antecedents de violences sexuelles subies, des traits de personnalite et de la detresse emotionnelle eventuelle des repondants. Methode L’echantillon comptait 405 personnes (âge moyen : 25,51 ; ecart-type : 9,70), dont 58 % de femmes. Parmi eux, 36 % travaillaient dans le soin, dont 7 % dans un CRIAVS ou une unite de prise en charge des AVS. Le materiel comportait : un questionnaire de 27 items sur les representations sociales negatives concernant les AVS ; l’echelle d’Attitudes Towards Sex offenders (ATS 21), le Big Five Inventory (BFI-10 items) et le General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12 items). Resultats L’analyse factorielle a partir des reponses aux items de representations sociales negatives des AVS a mis en evidence deux facteurs qui expliquaient plus de 45 % de variance : Rejet des auteurs de violences sexuelles et Personnes malades, avec des coefficients alpha de Cronbach de 0,94 et 0,67. Il existait aussi de fortes correlations avec l’ATS. Les resultats ont montre des representations plus pejoratives chez les plus jeunes et ceux qui ont le niveau d’etudes le plus bas, chez les hommes par rapport aux femmes, les personnes vivant en milieu rural par rapport au milieu urbain ou peri-urbain. Les personnes travaillant dans le soin et surtout dans un CRIAVS avaient des representations plus favorables. Il existait un lien entre ces attitudes negatives et le Nevrosisme, ainsi qu’avec la morbidite psychique. Discussion Il s’agit d’une premiere etape d’elaboration d’une echelle des representations sociales negatives concernant les auteurs de violences sexuelles.

International audience

Resume Plusieurs etudes ont fait etat d’une surrepresentation des troubles psychiatriques chez les sujets atteints d’un syndrome de Klinefelter, avec des complications medicolegales. Dans ce travail, nous presentons le cas de Jules, 23 ans, porteur d’un syndrome de Klinefelter, beneficiant d’un traitement androgenique substitutif, inculpe pour viol sur mineur et expertise dans ce cadre. Nous nous interrogeons sur le role de sa pathologie genetique et du traitement hormonal dans son passage a l’acte transgressif a caractere sexuel. Apres revue de la litterature, il parait impossible de conclure avec certitude du role determinant de l’un ou de l’autre separement dans ce passage a l’acte sexuel criminel. En effet, bien que le taux de criminalite presente par les sujets syndrome de Klinefelter soit superieur a celui de la population generale, la majorite d’entre eux n’ont jamais eu affaire a la justice, et ces sujets ne semblent pas commettre plus d’actes a caractere sexuel que les autres criminels non porteurs d’un syndrome de Klinefelter. Quant au traitement hormonal, il semble qu’il faille considerer la testosterone comme un facilitateur du declenchement d’une reponse agressive plutot que comme un inducteur primaire. Pour conclure, l’apparition des passages a l’acte violents concomitants du diagnostic de syndrome de Klinefelter et de l’introduction du traitement hormonal, laisse suggerer une implication, meme minime, dans l’acte criminel, et doit nous inciter a l’extreme prudence et a une concertation pluridisciplinaire (psychiatre, endocrinologue) avant de reconsiderer la poursuite de son traitement dans un contexte medicolegal singulier. Enfin, nous discuterons d’autres facteurs qui peuvent expliquer et avoir participe, par leur accumulation, a son geste.

LETTER TO THE EDITOR; International audience

International audience

L'Encephale - Sous presse. Epreuves corrigees par l'auteur. Disponible en ligne depuis le jeudi 11 octobre 2018

Resume Introduction Les instituts therapeutiques, educatifs et pedagogiques (ITEP) accueillent des jeunes presentant des troubles du comportement. Nous nous sommes interesses aux antecedents de maltraitance sexuelle chez ces jeunes, dont le climat incestuel. Notre objectif etait de mieux definir le climat incestuel et les caracteristiques associees. Methode L’echantillon etait constitue des 202 jeunes accueillis en ITEP en Indre-et-Loire (region Centre-Val de Loire). Les 12 elements evocateurs d’un climat incestuel ont ete definis a partir du concept d’incestuel de Racamier et apres des reunions preparatoires de consensus avec des pedopsychiatres et medecins de l’education nationale. Le questionnaire global explorait 4 autres registres de la vie des jeunes : maltraitances suspectees et/ou etablies ; symptomes cliniques faisant suspecter la maltraitance sexuelle ; facteurs environnementaux ; mesures educatives. La cotation des donnees recueillies a ete realisee par une equipe pluri-professionnelle de l’ITEP. Resultats La prevalence de la maltraitance sexuelle averee etait de 5,94 % (n = 12) et la suspicion de maltraitance sexuelle 16,49 % (n = 32) ; 49,01 % (n = 99) des jeunes des ITEP presentaient au moins un des criteres de climat incestuel, 33,17 % (n = 67) au moins 2 criteres. On retrouvait chez ces derniers plus de maltraitance sexuelle averee ou suspectee. Ils presentaient plus souvent des troubles du sommeil, de l’humeur, des antecedents de tentatives de suicide, un rapport inadapte a la sexualite. Conclusion Le climat incestuel fait partie des maltraitances sexuelles et cette etude permet d’objectiver des criteres permettant de le definir. Ce travail exploratoire necessitera d’etre confirme par d’autres etudes, mais il est essentiel dans la mesure ou il permet d’apprehender les jeunes avec troubles du comportement et souffrance non verbalisee.

Background and aims Cybersex is increasingly associated with concerns about compulsive use. The aim of this study was to assess the roles of motives and sexual desire in the compulsive use of cybersex. Methods The sample consisted of 306 cybersex users (150 men and 156 women). The participants were assessed using the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) adapted for cybersex, the Cybersex Motives Questionnaire (enhancement, coping, and social motives), and the Sexual Desire Inventory-2 (dyadic and solitary sexual desire). Results For both genders, coping motive was associated with CIUS score. For women, an additional association with social motives was found whereas an association with sexual desire was found for men. Conclusion The study showed gender differences in the contributors to sex-related CIUS scores.

Les personnes accueillies dans une communauté d’Emmaüs représentent une population très hétérogène au sein de laquelle il peut y avoir des auteurs d’infractions à caractère sexuel (AICS). Ces communautés offrent théoriquement à toutes personnes la possibilité de les rejoindre pourvu qu’en échange elles puissent travailler pour faire vivre la collectivité. La compétence n’est pas nécessairement requise, car le travail est adapté aux possibilités de chacun. Cela peut permettre aussi bien à une personne souffrant de troubles psychiques chroniques comme la schizophrénie d’y trouver sa place (si sa maladie est suffisamment stabilisée pour supporter un minimum de contrainte liées à la vie collective), qu’à un AICS en situation post-pénale et en situation d’exclusion sociale. Les AICS ont besoin d’avoir des lieux de vie qui peuvent les accueillir qui ne sont pas si nombreux, surtout en cas de violences intrafamiliales. Ils vont cumuler des difficultés multiples : faibles ressources financières, faible niveau d’étude et de formation, auxquelles seront associées des difficultés de réinsertion sociale. Celles-ci peuvent représenter autant de facteurs de risque de récidive de l’acte délictueux ou criminel pour lequel ils ont été condamnés ou pour tout autre forme de violence. Mais si l’accueil dans une communauté de vie représente une forme de « protection » par la dimension contenante qu’elle offre, les interactions sociales qu’elle permet, il n’est pas une garantie contre la reprise d’une carrière délinquante ou criminelle. Les communautés d’Emmaüs permettent l’intégration dans une communauté de vie et un retour au sein de la société pour que les personnes accueillies puissent un jour mener à bien ou non leur projet de réinsertion sociale.

Resume Introduction/objectif Il n’existe pas a l’heure actuelle d’auto-questionnaire francais mesurant le craving alimentaire. L’objectif de ce travail etait de tester les proprietes psychometriques de la version francaise du Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait-reduced (FCQ-T-r) en population non clinique (structure factorielle, consistance interne et validite de construit). Methode Dans cette etude transversale, realisee entre janvier 2017 et mars 2017 aupres d’une population non clinique de 372 sujets, nous avons evalue le craving alimentaire (FCQ-T-r obtenue apres traduction anglais-francais, retro-traduction et adaptation de la version finale), l’addiction a l’alimentation (Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 : YFAS 2.0), l’alimentation emotionnelle, l’externalite alimentaire et la restriction cognitive (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire). Resultats La version francaise du FCQ-T-r possedait une structure monofactorielle (expliquant 58 % de la variance) et une excellente consistance interne (α = 0,95). Le score total FCQ-T-r etait associe aux variables suivantes : sexe feminin (p Conclusion La version francaise du FCQ-T-r possede une structure monofactorielle qui autorise l’utilisation d’un score total. Sa passation rapide (15 items) en fait un questionnaire utile en pratique clinique pour evaluer le craving et suivre son evolution chez les patient(e)s souffrant de difficultes de regulation de la prise alimentaire.

International audience; IntroductionExposure to traumatic events is common in police work, and its psychological impact on officers may take the form of severe PTSD symptomatology. Personality traits such as hardiness could be protective against mental health outcomes and help withstand stress and trauma.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the relationships between hardiness, internalizing disorders, and PTSD symptoms in a sample of French police officers.MethodParticipants were French police officers (n = 100, mean age = 32.98 years, SD = 9.85) who completed self-report measures of PTSD and psychiatric morbidity, together with an index of cumulative exposure to traumatic incidents in an occupational context.ResultsCorrelational analysis and partial correlations showed a specific relationship between hardiness and the PTSD symptom clusters of reexperiencing and avoidance, but not hyperarousal. The correlational analysis investigating relationships between hardiness and mental health outcomes yielded high negative correlations for control and commitment, but no significant finding for challenge. The results of the regression analysis indicate that only the reexperiencing and avoidance clusters were significantly mediated by control, and to a lesser extent, by commitment.ConclusionResults reveal that hardiness has a potential buffer and protective effect on PTSD symptoms among police officers.; IntroductionL’exposition à des événements traumatiques est fréquente dans le travail de la police et son impact psychologique sur les agents peut prendre la forme d’une symptomatologie sévère de TSPT. Les traits de personnalité tels que l’endurance pourraient être protecteurs en matière de santé mentale et aider à faire face aux stress et aux traumatismes.ObjectifCette étude visait à examiner les relations entre endurance, troubles internalisés et symptômes de TSPT dans un échantillon de policiers français.MéthodeLes participants étaient des policiers français (n = 100, age moyen = 32,98 ans, SD = 9,85) qui ont complété des mesures en auto-évaluation du TSPT et de la morbidité psychiatrique, de l’endurance, ainsi qu’un indice d’exposition à des incidents traumatiques dans un contexte professionnel.RésultatsL’analyse des corrélations a montré une relation spécifique entre l’endurance et les symptômes de répétition (intrusion) et d’évitement du TSPT, mais pas avec l’hyperactivité neurovégétative. L’étude des corrélations entre endurance et mesures de morbidité psychiatrique montre des corrélations négatives élevées pour le contrôle et l’engagement, mais aucune corrélation significative pour la dimension challenge. Les résultats de l’analyse de régression indiquent que seuls les symptômes de répétition et d’évitement ont été significativement médiés par le contrôle et, dans une moindre mesure, par l’engagement.ConclusionLes résultats révèlent que l’endurance a un effet protecteur sur les symptômes de TSPT chez les policiers.

Resume Le concept d’addiction a l’alimentation fait l’hypothese qu’il est possible de developper une addiction vis-a-vis de certains aliments (i.e., aliments riches en sucre, en graisse ou en sel, notamment les aliments industriels), avec des symptomes similaires aux autres addictions : craving et perte de controle vis-a-vis de ces aliments, existence de dommages et poursuite du comportement malgre les dommages. L’objectif de cet article etait de presenter une revue du concept d’addiction a l’alimentation : pertinence du modele addictif pour certaines formes de compulsions alimentaires, origines, modalites de mesure (questionnaires « Yale Food Addiction Scale original » et « Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 », bases sur l’extrapolation des criteres DSM-IV-TR et DSM-5 de troubles addictifs au domaine de l’alimentation) et presentation d’implications pour certains patients dont les patients en transplantation hepatique, en chirurgie bariatrique et ceux souffrant d’un TDAH (Trouble Deficit de l’Attention avec ou sans Hyperactivite) associe a une obesite.

International audience; The current cross-sectional study investigates the prevalence of the food addiction (FA) phenotype and its association with psychiatric disorders in bariatric surgery candidates. It also investigates the eating behavior characteristics associated with FA and the association between FA and loss of control over specific foods high in sugar, salt and/or fat. We included 128 bariatric surgery candidates and we assessed FA (YFAS 2.0), mood and anxiety disorders, suicidality, eating disorders (current bulimia nervosa and current anorexia nervosa), alcohol and tobacco use disorders (MINI 5.0.0, beck depression inventory, AUDIT, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence) and eating behavior (DEBQ). Prevalence of FA in our sample was 25%. FA was significantly associated with higher prevalence of current mood and anxiety disorders and past mood disorders, higher current suicidality but not with eating disorders and alcohol use disorder. FA was significantly associated with higher emotional eating, and with loss of control over consumption of foods high in fat, sugar and/or salt, but not of fruits, vegetables or grain products. Our results provide arguments for considering psychiatric disorders and suicidality in FA and for considering FA as an addictive disorder in obese patients, with many risk factors in common with other addictions.

International audience; Background: New technologies may profoundly change our way of understanding psychiatric disorders including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Imaging and biomarkers, along with technological and medical informatics developments, might provide an answer regarding at-risk patient’s identification. Recent advances in the concept of ‘digital phenotype’, which refers to the capture of characteristics of a psychiatric disorder by computerized measurement tools, is one paradigmatic example.Objective: The impact of the new technologies on health professionals practice in PTSD care remains to be determined. The recent evolutions could disrupt the clinical practices and practitioners in their beliefs, ethics and representations, going as far as questioning their professional culture. In the present paper, we conducted an extensive search to highlight the articles which reflect the potential of these new technologies.Method: We conducted an overview by querying PubMed database with the terms [PTSD] [Posttraumatic stress disorder] AND [Computer] OR [Computerized] OR [Mobile] OR [Automatic] OR [Automated] OR [Machine learning] OR [Sensor] OR [Heart rate variability] OR [HRV] OR [actigraphy] OR [actimetry] OR [digital] OR [motion] OR [temperature] OR [virtual reality].Results: We summarized the synthesized literature in two categories: prediction and assessment (including diagnostic, screening and monitoring). Two independent reviewers screened, extracted data and quality appraised the sources. Results were synthesized narratively.Conclusions: This overview shows that many studies are underway allowing researchers to start building a PTSD digital phenotype using passive data obtained by biometric sensors. Active data obtained from Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) could allow clinicians to assess PTSD patients. The place of connected objects, Artificial Intelligence and remote monitoring of patients with psychiatric pathology remains to be defined. These tools must be explained and adapted to the different profiles of physicians and patients. The involvement of patients, caregivers and health professionals is essential to the design and evaluation of these new tools.; Contexto: Las nuevas tecnologías podrían cambiar de manera profunda nuestra forma de entender los trastornos psiquiátricos incluyendo el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT). Técnicas de imagen y biomarcadores, junto con desarrollos en informáticas médicas y tecnológicas, pueden proveer una respuesta en relación con la identificación de pacientes en riesgo. Avances recientes en el concepto de ‘genotipo digital’, que se refiere a la ‘captura’ de las características de un trastorno psiquiátrico mediante instrumentos de medición computarizada, es un ejemplo paradigmático de todo ello.Objetivo: El impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en la practica de los profesionales de la salud en el ámbito del tratamiento del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT), está aún por determinar. Las evoluciones recientes pueden trastornar o interrumpir tanto las prácticas clínicas como a los profesionales que las ejercen. También a sus conceptos éticos y a sus representaciones hasta el punto de poder poner en cuestión su cultura profesional. En este trabajo, hemos realizado una búsqueda intensa con el fin de poner de manifiesto los trabajos que mejor reflejan el potencial de estas nuevas tecnologías.Método: Hemos realizado una búsqueda panorámica en la base de datos PubMed basándonos en títulos hasta Junio de 2017 que contenían los términos ‘[PTSD] [Posttraumatic stress disorder] AND [Computer] OR [Computerized] OR [Mobile] OR [Automatic] OR [Automated] OR [Machine learning] OR [Sensor] OR [Heart rate variability] OR [HRV] OR [actigraphy] OR [actimetry] OR [digital] OR [motion] OR [temperature] OR [virtual reality]’.Resultados: hemos resumido la literatura sintetizada en dos categorías: predicción y evaluación (incluyendo dignóstico, discriminación y monitorización). Dos investigadores independientes realizaron el triaje, extrajeron los datos y determinaron la calidad de las fuentes. Los resultados se refieren y sintetizan narrativamente.Conclusiones: este estudio muestra que muchos estudios están en marcha permitiendo empezar a construir un fenotipo digital de TEPT, usando datos pasivos obtenidos por sensores biométricos. Datos activos obtenidos a través de una Evaluación Momentánea Ecológica (EME), puede permitir evaluar a pacientes con TEPT para hacernos una idea de su severidad. El lugar que deben ocupar objetos conectados, inteligencia artificial y monitorización remota debe ser aún definido. Para poder ser utilizados, estos instrumentos deben ser por tanto explicados y adaptados a los diferentes perfiles de médicos y pacientes. La participación de los pacientes, cuidadores y de otros profesionales de la salud es esencial cara a diseñar y evaluar estos nuevos instrumentos.; 背景: 新技术巨大地改变了我们对精神疾病的理解方式，包括对创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。脑成像和生物标记，与技术和医学信息的发展一起，也许提供了一个识别有风险的病人的途径。最近关于‘数码表型’（指使用电脑化测量工具来‘捕捉’精神疾病特征）的进展，就是一个典型的例子。目标: 新技术对健康专家在治疗 PTSD 的实践上的影响还有待商榷。最新的进展可能干扰了临床实践，以及临床医生本身的信念、道德和表现，乃至对他们的职业文化提出了质疑。在本文中，我们进行了一个宽泛的检索，以便着重标记出那些能更好反映这些新技术的潜力的文章。方法: 我们在PubMed数据库里使用‘[PTSD] [Posttraumatic stress disorder] AND [Computer] OR [Computerized] OR [Mobile] OR [Automatic] OR [Automated] OR [Machine learning] OR [Sensor] OR [Heart rate variability] OR [HRV] OR [actigraphy] OR [actimetry] OR [digital] OR [motion] OR [temperature] OR [virtual reality] ’作为标题检索词，限制截止时间为2017年7月。结果: 我们把合成的文献总结成两类：预测和评估（包括诊断、筛选和调控）。两个独立的评审对来源进行筛选、数据抽取和质量评价。对结果进行了综合性叙述。结论: 这份总结显示出许多进行中的研究，使用生物感受器的被动数据来建立一个 PTSD数码表型。使用生态瞬时评估（EMA）的主动数据可能可以用来评估 PTSD 病人的严重程度。连接对象、人工智能和远程调控的定位仍需定义。这些工具因此需要根据医生和病人的不同情况进行解释和调整。重要的是，让病人、照顾者和其他健康专家参与其中来对这些工具进行设计和评估。

International audience; Background: New technologies may profoundly change our way of understanding psychiatric disorders including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Imaging and biomarkers, along with technological and medical informatics developments, might provide an answer regarding at-risk patient’s identification. Recent advances in the concept of ‘digital phenotype’, which refers to the capture of characteristics of a psychiatric disorder by computerized measurement tools, is one paradigmatic example.Objective: The impact of the new technologies on health professionals practice in PTSD care remains to be determined. The recent evolutions could disrupt the clinical practices and practitioners in their beliefs, ethics and representations, going as far as questioning their professional culture. In the present paper, we conducted an extensive search to highlight the articles which reflect the potential of these new technologies.Method: We conducted an overview by querying PubMed database with the terms [PTSD] [Posttraumatic stress disorder] AND [Computer] OR [Computerized] OR [Mobile] OR [Automatic] OR [Automated] OR [Machine learning] OR [Sensor] OR [Heart rate variability] OR [HRV] OR [actigraphy] OR [actimetry] OR [digital] OR [motion] OR [temperature] OR [virtual reality].Results: We summarized the synthesized literature in two categories: prediction and assessment (including diagnostic, screening and monitoring). Two independent reviewers screened, extracted data and quality appraised the sources. Results were synthesized narratively.Conclusions: This overview shows that many studies are underway allowing researchers to start building a PTSD digital phenotype using passive data obtained by biometric sensors. Active data obtained from Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) could allow clinicians to assess PTSD patients. The place of connected objects, Artificial Intelligence and remote monitoring of patients with psychiatric pathology remains to be defined. These tools must be explained and adapted to the different profiles of physicians and patients. The involvement of patients, caregivers and health professionals is essential to the design and evaluation of these new tools.; Contexto: Las nuevas tecnologías podrían cambiar de manera profunda nuestra forma de entender los trastornos psiquiátricos incluyendo el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT). Técnicas de imagen y biomarcadores, junto con desarrollos en informáticas médicas y tecnológicas, pueden proveer una respuesta en relación con la identificación de pacientes en riesgo. Avances recientes en el concepto de ‘genotipo digital’, que se refiere a la ‘captura’ de las características de un trastorno psiquiátrico mediante instrumentos de medición computarizada, es un ejemplo paradigmático de todo ello.Objetivo: El impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en la practica de los profesionales de la salud en el ámbito del tratamiento del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT), está aún por determinar. Las evoluciones recientes pueden trastornar o interrumpir tanto las prácticas clínicas como a los profesionales que las ejercen. También a sus conceptos éticos y a sus representaciones hasta el punto de poder poner en cuestión su cultura profesional. En este trabajo, hemos realizado una búsqueda intensa con el fin de poner de manifiesto los trabajos que mejor reflejan el potencial de estas nuevas tecnologías.Método: Hemos realizado una búsqueda panorámica en la base de datos PubMed basándonos en títulos hasta Junio de 2017 que contenían los términos ‘[PTSD] [Posttraumatic stress disorder] AND [Computer] OR [Computerized] OR [Mobile] OR [Automatic] OR [Automated] OR [Machine learning] OR [Sensor] OR [Heart rate variability] OR [HRV] OR [actigraphy] OR [actimetry] OR [digital] OR [motion] OR [temperature] OR [virtual reality]’.Resultados: hemos resumido la literatura sintetizada en dos categorías: predicción y evaluación (incluyendo dignóstico, discriminación y monitorización). Dos investigadores independientes realizaron el triaje, extrajeron los datos y determinaron la calidad de las fuentes. Los resultados se refieren y sintetizan narrativamente.Conclusiones: este estudio muestra que muchos estudios están en marcha permitiendo empezar a construir un fenotipo digital de TEPT, usando datos pasivos obtenidos por sensores biométricos. Datos activos obtenidos a través de una Evaluación Momentánea Ecológica (EME), puede permitir evaluar a pacientes con TEPT para hacernos una idea de su severidad. El lugar que deben ocupar objetos conectados, inteligencia artificial y monitorización remota debe ser aún definido. Para poder ser utilizados, estos instrumentos deben ser por tanto explicados y adaptados a los diferentes perfiles de médicos y pacientes. La participación de los pacientes, cuidadores y de otros profesionales de la salud es esencial cara a diseñar y evaluar estos nuevos instrumentos.; 背景: 新技术巨大地改变了我们对精神疾病的理解方式，包括对创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。脑成像和生物标记，与技术和医学信息的发展一起，也许提供了一个识别有风险的病人的途径。最近关于‘数码表型’（指使用电脑化测量工具来‘捕捉’精神疾病特征）的进展，就是一个典型的例子。目标: 新技术对健康专家在治疗 PTSD 的实践上的影响还有待商榷。最新的进展可能干扰了临床实践，以及临床医生本身的信念、道德和表现，乃至对他们的职业文化提出了质疑。在本文中，我们进行了一个宽泛的检索，以便着重标记出那些能更好反映这些新技术的潜力的文章。方法: 我们在PubMed数据库里使用‘[PTSD] [Posttraumatic stress disorder] AND [Computer] OR [Computerized] OR [Mobile] OR [Automatic] OR [Automated] OR [Machine learning] OR [Sensor] OR [Heart rate variability] OR [HRV] OR [actigraphy] OR [actimetry] OR [digital] OR [motion] OR [temperature] OR [virtual reality] ’作为标题检索词，限制截止时间为2017年7月。结果: 我们把合成的文献总结成两类：预测和评估（包括诊断、筛选和调控）。两个独立的评审对来源进行筛选、数据抽取和质量评价。对结果进行了综合性叙述。结论: 这份总结显示出许多进行中的研究，使用生物感受器的被动数据来建立一个 PTSD数码表型。使用生态瞬时评估（EMA）的主动数据可能可以用来评估 PTSD 病人的严重程度。连接对象、人工智能和远程调控的定位仍需定义。这些工具因此需要根据医生和病人的不同情况进行解释和调整。重要的是，让病人、照顾者和其他健康专家参与其中来对这些工具进行设计和评估。

This study tested a modified version of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), in driving under the influence of alcohol that incorporated past behavior and perceived invulnerability in a sample of young French adults. Participants (n = 368, Mean Age = 23.29, SD = 3.69, Age Range 18–35) completed self-report measures of sense of invulnerability, subjective norms attitude, perceived control, intention to drive and drink, and past behavior. This extended model was able to explain 52% of the variance of behavioral intention. In accordance with the TPB, the intention to drink and drive was predicted by Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), Subjective Norms, Past behavior and Attitudes. The effect of perceived invulnerability on the three determinants of TPB was significant. Psychological invulnerability had a direct influence on Attitudes, Danger Invulnerability on PBC and Interpersonal Invulnerability on Attitude and PCB. The current study provides support for the importance of the sense of invulnerability to traffic risk-taking in young adults.

International audience; IntroductionPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is rare among police officers, but the symptoms of PTSD are not. Personality traits can be a contributing factor of stress disorders. Based on the big five personality traits, three personality profiles can be identified: resilient, overcontrolled and undercontrolled. Resilient people are characterized by high emotional stability (low neuroticism), high social skills and self-confidence. Overcontrollers have higher scores on neuroticism and they tend to internalize their negative emotions. Undercontrollers are characterized by low conscientiousness (impulsivity), a tendency toward social withdrawal and low self-esteem.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the role of personality traits and profiles in the emergence of PTSD symptoms among French police officers.MethodParticipants were French national police officers (n = 100, M = 32.9 years, SD = 9.8, 19–57) who completed the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Scale (PCLS) and the Big Five Inventory (BFI).ResultsResults revealed the three expected personality profiles: resilients (n = 31), overcontrollers (n = 43) and undercontrollers (n = 19). The resilients presented with the fewest PTSD symptoms and the undercontrollers with the most (particularly reexperiencing). The latter also scored the highest on neuroticism and the lowest on extraversion and agreeableness. Police officers with an undercontrolled profile were also the oldest or those who had served the longest in the police force. Neuroticism and length of service were the two predictors of PTSD symptoms for reexperiencing and avoidance.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the contribution of each personality trait and length of service to PTSD symptoms in French police officers.; IntroductionLe trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) est rare parmi les policiers, mais les symptômes ne le sont pas. Les traits de personnalité peuvent être un facteur médiateur des troubles liés au stress. Ils permettent habituellement d’identifier trois profils de personnalité : les « résilients » caractérisés par une forte stabilité émotionnelle, des compétences sociales et une confiance en soi élevées ; les « surcontrôlés » qui ont des scores élevés de névrosisme et une tendance à internaliser leurs émotions négatives et des « sous-contrôlés » avec un faible caractère consciencieux (impulsivité), une tendance à l’isolement social et une faible estime de soi.ObjectifL’objectif de cette étude était d’examiner le rôle de la personnalité dans l’apparition de symptômes du TSPT chez les policiers français.MéthodeLes participants étaient des policiers français (n = 100, M = 32,9 ans, ET = 9,8, 19–57) qui ont complété l’échelle de l’état de stress post-traumatique (PCLS) et l’inventaire des cinq grands facteurs de personnalité (BFI).RésultatsLes résultats ont retrouvé les trois profils de personnalité attendus : « résilients » (n = 31), « surcontrôlés » (n = 43) et « sous-contrôlés » (n = 19). Les premiers présentaient le moins de symptômes de TSPT et les derniers le plus (en particulier la répétition ou intrusion). Ils avaient également les scores les plus élevés de névrosisme et les plus bas d’extraversion et d’agréabilité. Ces policiers étaient aussi les plus âgés ou ceux qui avaient servi le plus longtemps dans la police. Le névrosisme et la durée du service étaient les deux facteurs prédictifs des symptômes de TSPT pour la répétition et l’évitement.ConclusionCette étude met en évidence la contribution de chaque trait de personnalité et durée de service pour les symptômes de TSPT chez les policiers français.

Resume Introduction La personnalite des patients fibromyalgiques fait encore debat. Certaines etudes ont mis en evidence un score eleve de Nevrosisme associe a une faible extraversion, tandis que d’autres n’ont pas trouve de difference entre ces traits de personnalite et ceux observes dans la population generale. Les facteurs de personnalite participent a la regulation des emotions et la modulation de la douleur. Cette etude avait pour objectif de determiner les traits de personnalite dans un groupe de patientes atteintes de fibromyalgie en comparaison avec d’autres maladies rhumatismales. Methodes Dans le cadre d’une etude multicentrique, des patientes atteintes de fibromyalgie, de polyarthrite rhumatoide, de spondyloarthrite ou du syndrome de Gougerot-Sjogren ont ete invitees a repondre au Big Five Inventory regroupant les cinq grands traits de personnalite : (1) Extraversion vs introversion, (2) Agreabilite vs antagonisme, (3) Caractere consciencieux vs impulsivite, (4) Nevrosisme vs stabilite emotionnelle et (5) Ouverture vs etroitesse d’esprit. Une analyse de la variance (Test t de Student et Anova avec comparaisons post-hoc ou correction de Bonferroni) a ete realisee. Nous avons egalement effectue des classifications automatiques hierarchiques et non hierarchiques. Resultats et conclusion Ont participe a cette etude, 163 femmes atteintes de fibromyalgie (n = 48), de polyarthrite rhumatoide (n = 46), de spondyloarthrite (n = 46) ou du syndrome de Gougerot-Sjogren (n = 23). L’âge moyen etait de 47,18 ans (± 10,81 ans, extremes 21–65). Les patientes fibromyalgiques presentaient des scores plus eleves pour les dimensions Agreabilite (F (3, 159) = 3,39, p

International audience; Introduction. The Big Five Inventory (BFI) developed by John et al. (1991) is one of the most widely accepted tools for assessing dimensions of personality. It comprises 44 items that assess five broad dimensions of personality (the Big Five Factors): Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness to experience. Based on correlations with the facets described in the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO PI-R), another Big Five assessment tool with 240 items and 6 facets per dimension, Soto and John (2009) showed that the dimensions in the BFI could be divided into two facets each (ten facets altogether). These results are in line with those of DeYoung, Quilty and Peterson (2007), who ran factorial analyses with all the NEO PI-R facets and the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) and identified ten intermediate factors (between facets and dimensions) they called “aspects” (two per dimension). The goal of the present study is to investigate the ten facets described by Soto and John in a French sample, using the French version of the BFI (BFI-Fr), which has good psychometric properties, and to check whether the pattern of correlations of these facets with the NEO PI-R match those of the American version. Method. We created three groups. The first comprised 360 students from the ILEPS (Institut Libre d’Education Physique Supérieure) and Tours University (psychology undergraduates). Participants (mean age 21.1 years  2.30; 58% women) completed the BFI-Fr and the NEO PI-R. The second comprised 142 psychology students from Tours University (mean age 20.6 years  1.78; 81% women); they completed the BFI-Fr twice, two weeks apart (test and retest). The third comprised 252 psychology students from Paris-Nanterre University (mean age 23 years  4.2; 89% women) who described a total of 405 people they knew well (mean age 35.2  10.8; 49% women) using the peer-report format of the BFI-Fr. Results. In the self-report format, eight of Soto and John’s ten aspects had acceptable internal consistency (based on Guildford’s (1954) internal consistency criteria, due to the small number of items), with Cronbach’s α between .60 and .86 and test-retest correlations between .71 and .89, showing satisfactory temporal stability. We found a single facet for Extraversion (Assertiveness), two for Agreeableness (Altruism and Compliance), two for Conscientiousness (Self-Discipline and Order), one for Neuroticism (Anxiety), and two for Openness to Experience (Openness to aesthetics and Openness to ideas). Based on their convergence with the corresponding facets in the NEO PI-R, these eight facets showed satisfactory external validity. With regard to the peer-report format, the Activity facet of Extraversion, which did not have sufficient internal consistency in the self-report format, had acceptable properties (i.e. 9 out of 10 facets). Only the Depression facet of Neuroticism still had insufficient internal consistency. In this study, we proposed an improvement of two facets (Activity and Compliance) and added one facet specific to the French version (Emotional Instability) in place of the Depression facet. Discussion. We showed that the BFI-Fr can be used to assess nine of the ten facets described by Soto and John. We also identified an Emotional Instability facet, replacing the Depression facet of Neuroticism. DeYoung et al. (2007) considered that anxiety and depression are indissociable and can be represented by a Neuroticism aspect they labeled Withdrawal. They suggested a second aspect of this dimension they called Volatility (with the N2 Angry Hostility facet of the NEO PI-R as main marker and the N5 Impulsiveness and N3 Depression as secondary markers). The Emotional Instability facet we found corresponds closely to the N2 Angry Hostility facet of the NEO PI-R and appears to be a satisfactory marker of DeYoung et al.’s (2007) Volatility aspect. Although this study has limitations, particularly related to the samples (students), the BFI-Fr facets (derived from those defined by Soto and John in the BFI or proposed as improvements on the original facets) match the corresponding NEO PI-R facets and can also be seen as main markers of the aspects defined by DeYoung et al.; Le Big Five Inventory (BFI) de John (1991) représente un des outils les plus consensuels de l'évaluation dimensionnelle de la personnalité. Les cinq grandes dimensions qu'il mesure sont~: l'Extraversion, l'Agréabilité, le Caractère consciencieux, le Névrosisme et l'Ouverture. Soto et John (2009) ont montré qu'il était possible de considérer deux facettes par dimension du BFI. L'objectif de cette étude est de savoir s'il est possible de retrouver ces dix facettes dans un échantillon français, en s'appuyant sur les corrélations avec les facettes équivalentes du NEO PI-R (NEO Personality Inventory Revised). Méthode Le premier échantillon constitué de 360~étudiants de l'Institut libre d'éducation physique supérieure (ILEPS) et de l'Université de Tours (en psychologie) a permis de tester la validité externe des facettes du BFI-Fr en lien avec celles du NEO PI-R. Le second échantillon constitué de 142~étudiants de psychologie de l'Université de Tours a permis de rechercher la validité temporelle (test et retest). Le troisième échantillon constitué de 252~étudiants en psychologie de l'Université de Paris-Nanterre a permis de tester la forme hétéro-évaluative du BFI-Fr. Résultats et discussion Le BFI-Fr permet d'évaluer neuf des dix facettes proposées par Soto et John~: Activité et Assertivité pour la dimension Extraversion~; Altruisme et Compliance pour la dimension Agréabilité~; Ordre et Autodiscipline pour la dimension Caractère consciencieux~; Anxiété pour la dimension Névrosisme~; Ouverture à l'esthétique et Ouverture aux idées pour la dimension Ouverture. L'étude a permis de définir une facette Instabilité émotionnelle en remplacement de la facette Dépression du Névrosisme qui ne présentait pas de qualités psychométriques suffisantes. AbstractIntroduction The Big Five Inventory (BFI) developed by John et al. (1991) is one of the most widely accepted tools for assessing dimensions of personality. It comprises 44 items that assess five broad dimensions of personality (the Big Five Factors): Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness to experience. Based on correlations with the facets described in the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO PI-R), another Big Five assessment tool with 240 items and 6 facets per dimension, Soto and John (2009) showed that the dimensions in the BFI could be divided into two facets each (ten facets altogether). These results are in line with those of DeYoung et al. (2007), who ran factorial analyses with all the NEO PI-R facets and the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) and identified ten intermediate factors (between facets and dimensions) which they called "aspects" (two per dimension). The goal of the present study is to investigate the ten facets described by Soto and John in a French sample, using the French version of the BFI (BFI-Fr), which has good psychometric properties, and to check whether the pattern of correlations of these facets with the NEO PI-R match those of the American version. Method We created three groups. The first comprised 360 students from the Institut libre d'éducation physique supérieure (ILEPS) and Tours University (psychology undergraduates). Participants (mean age 21.1 years ± 2.30; 58% women) completed the BFI-Fr and the NEO PI-R. The second comprised 142 psychology students from Tours University (mean age 20.6 years ± 1.78; 81% women); they completed the BFI-Fr twice, two weeks apart (test and retest). The third comprised 252 psychology students from Paris-Nanterre University (mean age 23 years ± 4.2; 89% women) who described a total of 405 people they knew well (mean age 35.2 ± 10.8; 49% women) using the peer-report format of the BFI-Fr. Results In the self-report format, eight of Soto and John's ten aspects had acceptable internal consistency (based on Guildford's (1954) internal consistency criteria, due to the small number of items), with Cronbach's α between 0.60 and 0.86 and test-retest correlations between 0.71 and 0.89, showing satisfactory temporal stability. We found a single facet for Extraversion (Assertiveness), two for Agreeableness (Altruism and Compliance), two for Conscientiousness (Self-Discipline and Order), one for Neuroticism (Anxiety), and two for Openness to Experience (Openness to aesthetics and Openness to ideas). Based on their convergence with the corresponding facets in the NEO PI-R, these eight facets showed satisfactory external validity. With regard to the peer-report format, the Activity facet of Extraversion, which did not have sufficient internal consistency in the self-report format, had acceptable properties (i.e. 9 out of 10 facets). Only the Depression facet of Neuroticism still had insufficient internal consistency. In this study, we proposed an improvement of two facets (Activity and Compliance) and added one facet specific to the French version (Emotional Instability) in place of the Depression facet. Discussion We showed that the BFI-Fr can be used to assess nine of the ten facets described by Soto and John. We also identified an Emotional Instability facet, replacing the Depression facet of Neuroticism. DeYoung et al. (2007) considered that anxiety and depression are indissociable and can be represented by a Neuroticism aspect they labeled Withdrawal. They suggested a second aspect of this dimension they called Volatility (with the N2 Angry Hostility facet of the NEO PI-R as main marker and the N5 Impulsiveness and N3 Depression as secondary markers). The Emotional Instability facet we found corresponds closely to the N2 Angry Hostility facet of the NEO PI-R and appears to be a satisfactory marker of DeYoung et al.'s (2007) Volatility aspect. Although this study has limitations, particularly related to the samples (students), the BFI-Fr facets (derived from those defined by Soto and John in the BFI or proposed as improvements on the original facets) match the corresponding NEO PI-R facets and can also be seen as main markers of the aspects defined by DeYoung et al.

International audience; Olfactory dysfunction has been well studied in depression. Common brain areas are involved in depression and in the olfactory process, suggesting that olfactory impairments may constitute potential markers of this disorder. Olfactory markers of depression can be either state (present only in symptomatic phases) or trait (persistent after symptomatic remission) markers. This study presents the etiology of depression, the anatomical links between olfaction and depression, and a literature review of different olfactory markers of depression. Several studies have also shown that olfactory impairment affects the quality of life and that olfactory disorders can affect daily life and may be lead to depression. Thus, this study discusses the links between olfactory processing, depression, and quality of life. Finally, olfaction is an innovative research field that may constitute a new therapeutic tool for the treatment of depression.

IntroductionPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is rare among police officers, but the symptoms of PTSD are not. Personality traits can be a contributing factor of stress disorders. Based on the big five personality traits, three personality profiles can be identified: resilient, overcontrolled and undercontrolled. Resilient people are characterized by high emotional stability (low neuroticism), high social skills and self-confidence. Overcontrollers have higher scores on neuroticism and they tend to internalize their negative emotions. Undercontrollers are characterized by low conscientiousness (impulsivity), a tendency toward social withdrawal and low self-esteem.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the role of personality traits and profiles in the emergence of PTSD symptoms among French police officers.MethodParticipants were French national police officers (n = 100, M = 32.9 years, SD = 9.8, 19–57) who completed the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Scale (PCLS) and the Big Five Inventory (BFI).ResultsResults revealed the three expected personality profiles: resilients (n = 31), overcontrollers (n = 43) and undercontrollers (n = 19). The resilients presented with the fewest PTSD symptoms and the undercontrollers with the most (particularly reexperiencing). The latter also scored the highest on neuroticism and the lowest on extraversion and agreeableness. Police officers with an undercontrolled profile were also the oldest or those who had served the longest in the police force. Neuroticism and length of service were the two predictors of PTSD symptoms for reexperiencing and avoidance.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the contribution of each personality trait and length of service to PTSD symptoms in French police officers., IntroductionLe trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) est rare parmi les policiers, mais les symptômes ne le sont pas. Les traits de personnalité peuvent être un facteur médiateur des troubles liés au stress. Ils permettent habituellement d’identifier trois profils de personnalité : les « résilients » caractérisés par une forte stabilité émotionnelle, des compétences sociales et une confiance en soi élevées ; les « surcontrôlés » qui ont des scores élevés de névrosisme et une tendance à internaliser leurs émotions négatives et des « sous-contrôlés » avec un faible caractère consciencieux (impulsivité), une tendance à l’isolement social et une faible estime de soi.ObjectifL’objectif de cette étude était d’examiner le rôle de la personnalité dans l’apparition de symptômes du TSPT chez les policiers français.MéthodeLes participants étaient des policiers français (n = 100, M = 32,9 ans, ET = 9,8, 19–57) qui ont complété l’échelle de l’état de stress post-traumatique (PCLS) et l’inventaire des cinq grands facteurs de personnalité (BFI).RésultatsLes résultats ont retrouvé les trois profils de personnalité attendus : « résilients » (n = 31), « surcontrôlés » (n = 43) et « sous-contrôlés » (n = 19). Les premiers présentaient le moins de symptômes de TSPT et les derniers le plus (en particulier la répétition ou intrusion). Ils avaient également les scores les plus élevés de névrosisme et les plus bas d’extraversion et d’agréabilité. Ces policiers étaient aussi les plus âgés ou ceux qui avaient servi le plus longtemps dans la police. Le névrosisme et la durée du service étaient les deux facteurs prédictifs des symptômes de TSPT pour la répétition et l’évitement.ConclusionCette étude met en évidence la contribution de chaque trait de personnalité et durée de service pour les symptômes de TSPT chez les policiers français.

It is well known that the standard doses of a given drug may not have equivalent effects in all patients. To date, the management of depression remains mainly empirical and often poorly evaluated. The development of a personalized medicine in psychiatry may reduce treatment failure, intolerance or resistance, and hence the burden and costs of mood depressive disorders. The Geneva Cocktail Phenotypic approach presents several advantages including the “in vivo” measure of different cytochromes and transporter P-gp activities, their simultaneous determination in a single test, avoiding the influence of variability over time on phenotyping results, the administration of low dose substrates, a limited sampling strategy with an analytical method developed on DBS analysis. The goal of this project is to explore the relationship between the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DME), assessed by a phenotypic approach, and the concentrations of Venlafaxine (VLX) + O-demethyl-venlafaxine (ODV), the efficacy and tolerance of VLX. This study is a multicentre prospective non-randomized open trial. Eligible patients present a major depressive episode, MADRS over or equal to 20, treatment with VLX regardless of the dose during at least 4 weeks. The Phenotype Visit includes VLX and ODV concentration measurement. Following the oral absorption of low doses of omeprazole, midazolam, dextromethorphan, and fexofenadine, drug metabolizing enzymes activity is assessed by specific metabolite/probe concentration ratios from a sample taken 2 h after cocktail administration for CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP2D6; and by the determination of the limited area under the curve from the capillary blood samples taken 2–3 and 6 h after cocktail administration for CYP2C19 and P-gp. Two follow-up visits will take place between 25 and 40 days and 50–70 days after inclusion. They include assessment of efficacy, tolerance and observance. Eleven french centres are involved in recruitment, expected to be completed within approximately 2 years with 205 patients. Metabolic ratios are determined in Geneva, Switzerland. By showing an association between drug metabolism and VLX concentrations, efficacy and tolerance, there is a hope that testing drug metabolism pathways with a phenotypical approach would help physicians in selecting and dosing antidepressants. The MARVEL study will provide an important contribution to increasing the knowledge of VLX variability and in optimizing the use of methods of personalized therapy in psychiatric settings. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02590185 (10/27/2015). This study is currently recruiting participants.

Background Major depression is characterized by (i) a high lifetime prevalence of 16–17% in the general population; (ii) a high frequency of treatment resistance in around 20–30% of cases; (iii) a recurrent or chronic course; (iv) a negative impact on the general functioning and quality of life; and (v) a high level of comorbidity with various psychiatric and non-psychiatric disorders, high occurrence of completed suicide, significant burden along with the personal, societal, and economic costs. In this context, there is an important need for the development of a network of expert centers for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), as performed under the leadership of the Fondation FondaMental. Methods The principal mission of this national network is to establish a genuine prevention, screening, and diagnosis policy for TRD to offer a systematic, comprehensive, longitudinal, and multidimensional evaluation of cases. A shared electronic medical file is used referring to a common exhaustive and standardized set of assessment tools exploring psychiatric, non-psychiatric, metabolic, biological, and cognitive dimensions of TRD. This is paralleled by a medico-economic evaluation to examine the global economic burden of the disease and related health-care resource utilization. In addition, an integrated biobank has been built by the collection of serum and DNA samples for the measurement of several biomarkers that could further be associated with the treatment resistance in the recruited depressed patients. A French observational long-term follow-up cohort study is currently in progress enabling the extensive assessment of resistant depressed patients. In those unresponsive cases, each expert center proposes relevant therapeutic options that are classically aligned to the international guidelines referring to recognized scientific societies. Discussion This approach is expected to improve the overall clinical assessments and to provide evidence-based information to those clinicians most closely involved in the management of TRD thereby facilitating treatment decisions and choice in everyday clinical practice. This could contribute to significantly improve the poor prognosis, the relapsing course, daily functioning and heavy burden of TRD. Moreover, the newly created French network of expert centers for TRD will be particularly helpful for a better characterization of sociodemographic, clinical, neuropsychological, and biological markers of treatment resistance required for the further development of personalized therapeutic strategies in TRD.

Auzoult (2008, 2010) a poursuivi les travaux de Greenberger (Greenberger, 1984 ; Greenberger, Josselson, Knerr, & Knerr, 1975) et Deslandes, Potvin et Leclerc (1999 ; 2000) sur l’autonomie et la maturation psychosociale. Il a proposé une échelle d’autonomie-situnomie pour des élèves du second degré. Cette étude a pour objectif de la valider auprès d’étudiant.e.s et de déterminer les liens entre autonomie et vécu subjectif de décrochage à l’université. Les participant.e.s étaient représenté.e.s par 326 étudiant.e.s de filières académiques différentes (âge moyen = 21.44 ± 2.89, dont 69 % de femmes). Les résultats montrent que l’échelle d’autonomie-situnomie est adaptée aux étudiant.e.s et éclaire les liens entre autonomie et vécu subjectif de décrochage. Auzoult (2008, 2010) continued the studies of Greenberger (Greenberger 1984; Josselson, Knerr, & Knerr, 1975) and Deslandes, Potvin and Leclerc (1999; 2000) based on autonomy and psychosocial maturation. He suggested an autonomy-situnony scale for secondary school pupils. The goal of this study is to validate this scale among university students and to determine the links between autonomy and perceptions of dropping out of university. Participants were 326 students from different academic pathways (mean age 21.44 ± 2.89, of which 69% were women). The results show that the autonomy-situnomy scale is suitable for students and they highlight the links between autonomy and the perception of dropping out of university.

La Presse Medicale - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since samedi 6 mai 2017

Background: Internet has become a major tool for patients to search for health-related information and to communicate on health. We currently lack data on how patients with psychiatric disorders access and use Internet to search for information on their mental health. This study aimed to assess, in patients followed up for a psychiatric disorder (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, mood and anxiety disorder, substance-related and addictive disorders and eating disorders), what was the prevalence rate for Internet access and use, the expectations and needs regarding the use of Internet to search for mental-health information depending on the psychiatric disorder. Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study between May 2013 and July 2013 in 648 patients followed up in psychiatry in 8 Hospitals from the Region Centre, France. We used multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, socio-educational level and professional status to compare use, expectations and needs regarding internet-based information about the patient's psychiatric disorder (65items self-administered questionnaire) between the different psychiatric disorders. We identified different clusters of patients using multiple correspondence analysis and ascending hierarchical classification. Results: Although 65.6% of our population accessed Internet at home, prevalence rate for Internet access varied depending on the type of psychiatric disorder and was much more related to lower access to computer and lower revenues than to a lack of interest to Internet. Most of the patients who used internet were interested in having access to reliable Internet-based information on their health (76.8%), and most used Internet to search for Internet based health-information on their psychiatric disorder (58.8%). We found important differences in terms of expectations and needs depending on the patient's psychiatric disorder (e.g., higher interest in Internet-based information in patients with bipolar disorder, substance-related and addictive disorders and eating disorders). We identified three clusters: younger patients with depressive or anxiety disorders and higher internet access and internet use; older patients with low socio-economical status and low internet access and internet use; patients who were followed up for a long time for schizophrenia, with low internet access and internet use. Conclusion: Patients with psychiatric disorders reported average use, needs and expectations for Internet-based health information comparable to the overall population. Hovewer, internet use, needs and expectations for Internet-based mental health information differs between patients depending on their psychiatric disorder. Internet-based information and communication for mental health should be fitted for each psychiatric disorder., Position du problème : Si internet est désormais un outil d’information et de communication incontournable en santé, nous manquons de données quant à l’usage d’internet à des fins de santé chez les patients suivis en psychiatrie. L’objectif de ce travail était de déterminer, chez les patients suivis en psychiatrie, quels étaient leurs usages, attentes et ressentis vis-à-vis de l’internet-santé en fonction du trouble psychiatrique (schizophrénie, trouble bipolaire, troubles anxieux/dépressifs, addictions, troubles du comportement alimentaire). Méthodes : Une enquête transversale a été réalisée auprès de 648 patients suivis en psychiatrie entre mai 2013 et juillet 2013 dans 8 hôpitaux de la région Centre. Nous avons comparé l’usage, les attentes et les ressentis vis-à-vis de l’internet-santé (auto-questionnaire en 65 items) selon la pathologie psychiatrique par des régressions logistiques multivariées ajustées sur les variables âge, sexe, niveau d’étude et statut d’emploi. Des profils d’utilisateurs ont été dressés via une analyse des correspondances multiples suivie d’un classification ascendante hiérarchique. Résultats : Si 65,6% des patients avaient accès à internet à domicile, il existait des différences d’accès selon la pathologie, en lien avec des facteurs matériels (faibles revenus, absence d’accès à internet) plutôt qu’avec un manque d’intérêt. Si la majorité des patients usagers d’internet étaient intéressés par des sites d’information fiables sur leur pathologie (76,8%) et avaient utilisé internet pour s’informer sur leur pathologie (58,8%), il existait des différences importantes d’usage, d’attentes et de ressentis selon le trouble psychiatrique (intérêt plus marqué pour les patients souffrant de trouble bipolaire, d’addiction et de trouble du comportement alimentaire). Trois profils de patients ont été identifiés : patients jeunes avec troubles dépressifs ou anxieux et accès à internet ; patients âgés de faible niveau socio-économique et peu d’accès à internet ; patients schizophrènes suivis de longue date avec peu d’accès à internet. Conclusion : Les patients souffrant de troubles psychiatriques ont en moyenne des usages en matière d’information et de communication sur leur santé via internet comparables aux autres patients. Toutefois, les usages, attentes et perceptions des patients diffèrent selon le trouble psychiatrique, nécessitant d’adapter les moyens d’information et de communication sur internet en fonction de chaque pathologie.

International audience; Background: Internet has become a major tool for patients to search for health-related information and to communicate on health. We currently lack data on how patients with psychiatric disorders access and use Internet to search for information on their mental health. This study aimed to assess, in patients followed up for a psychiatric disorder (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, mood and anxiety disorder, substance-related and addictive disorders and eating disorders), what was the prevalence rate for Internet access and use, the expectations and needs regarding the use of Internet to search for mental-health information depending on the psychiatric disorder. Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study between May 2013 and July 2013 in 648 patients followed up in psychiatry in 8 Hospitals from the Region Centre, France. We used multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, socio-educational level and professional status to compare use, expectations and needs regarding internet-based information about the patient's psychiatric disorder (65items self-administered questionnaire) between the different psychiatric disorders. We identified different clusters of patients using multiple correspondence analysis and ascending hierarchical classification. Results: Although 65.6% of our population accessed Internet at home, prevalence rate for Internet access varied depending on the type of psychiatric disorder and was much more related to lower access to computer and lower revenues than to a lack of interest to Internet. Most of the patients who used internet were interested in having access to reliable Internet-based information on their health (76.8%), and most used Internet to search for Internet based health-information on their psychiatric disorder (58.8%). We found important differences in terms of expectations and needs depending on the patient's psychiatric disorder (e.g., higher interest in Internet-based information in patients with bipolar disorder, substance-related and addictive disorders and eating disorders). We identified three clusters: younger patients with depressive or anxiety disorders and higher internet access and internet use; older patients with low socio-economical status and low internet access and internet use; patients who were followed up for a long time for schizophrenia, with low internet access and internet use. Conclusion: Patients with psychiatric disorders reported average use, needs and expectations for Internet-based health information comparable to the overall population. Hovewer, internet use, needs and expectations for Internet-based mental health information differs between patients depending on their psychiatric disorder. Internet-based information and communication for mental health should be fitted for each psychiatric disorder.; Position du problème : Si internet est désormais un outil d’information et de communication incontournable en santé, nous manquons de données quant à l’usage d’internet à des fins de santé chez les patients suivis en psychiatrie. L’objectif de ce travail était de déterminer, chez les patients suivis en psychiatrie, quels étaient leurs usages, attentes et ressentis vis-à-vis de l’internet-santé en fonction du trouble psychiatrique (schizophrénie, trouble bipolaire, troubles anxieux/dépressifs, addictions, troubles du comportement alimentaire). Méthodes : Une enquête transversale a été réalisée auprès de 648 patients suivis en psychiatrie entre mai 2013 et juillet 2013 dans 8 hôpitaux de la région Centre. Nous avons comparé l’usage, les attentes et les ressentis vis-à-vis de l’internet-santé (auto-questionnaire en 65 items) selon la pathologie psychiatrique par des régressions logistiques multivariées ajustées sur les variables âge, sexe, niveau d’étude et statut d’emploi. Des profils d’utilisateurs ont été dressés via une analyse des correspondances multiples suivie d’un classification ascendante hiérarchique. Résultats : Si 65,6% des patients avaient accès à internet à domicile, il existait des différences d’accès selon la pathologie, en lien avec des facteurs matériels (faibles revenus, absence d’accès à internet) plutôt qu’avec un manque d’intérêt. Si la majorité des patients usagers d’internet étaient intéressés par des sites d’information fiables sur leur pathologie (76,8%) et avaient utilisé internet pour s’informer sur leur pathologie (58,8%), il existait des différences importantes d’usage, d’attentes et de ressentis selon le trouble psychiatrique (intérêt plus marqué pour les patients souffrant de trouble bipolaire, d’addiction et de trouble du comportement alimentaire). Trois profils de patients ont été identifiés : patients jeunes avec troubles dépressifs ou anxieux et accès à internet ; patients âgés de faible niveau socio-économique et peu d’accès à internet ; patients schizophrènes suivis de longue date avec peu d’accès à internet. Conclusion : Les patients souffrant de troubles psychiatriques ont en moyenne des usages en matière d’information et de communication sur leur santé via internet comparables aux autres patients. Toutefois, les usages, attentes et perceptions des patients diffèrent selon le trouble psychiatrique, nécessitant d’adapter les moyens d’information et de communication sur internet en fonction de chaque pathologie.

Resume L’evaluation du risque des auteurs d’infractions a caractere sexuel (AICS) tres developpee dans certains pays (Belgique, Canada, Etats-Unis…) reste tres controversee et peu utilisee en France. Nous proposons un protocole de recherche qui permettra d’evaluer la prediction du risque de recidive d’AICS francais a l’aide d’outils standardises recents et de comparer les resultats obtenus aux donnees internationales.

International audience; The goal of our research was to test the mediational role of Protective Behavioral Strategies (PBS) in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) applied to the condom use context among French young adults sexually active (n = 350 , Mean Age = 22.31 , SD = 2.49). This extended model was able to explain 42% of the variance of behavioral intention and 44% of condom use. In accordance with the TPB, condom use was predicted by intention. Perceived behavioral control, entourage norms and attitudes were significant predictors of intention, whereas socio-cultural norms had no effect. The influence of intention on condom use was directly and mediated through active PBS. The effect of PBC on condom use was significantly mediated through active PBS. Socio-cultural norms had also a direct effect. The current study provided support for the potential importance of planning strategies to improve compliance with condom use in young adulthood.; Este estudio evaluó una versión modificada de la teoría del comportamiento planificado (TPB) que incorpora estrategias de preparación conductual, en el uso del condón, en una muestra de adultos jóvenes franceses (n= 350; edad: M= 22,31; DT= 2,49; rango= 18-30 años). Este modelo fue capaz de explicar el 42% de la varianza de la intención conductual y el 44% del uso del condón. De acuerdo con la TPB, la intención predijo el uso del condón. El control conductual percibido (PBC), el conjunto de normas y las actitudes eran predictores significativos de la intención, mientras que las normas socioculturales no tuvieron un efecto en la intención pero sí en el comportamiento. La intención tuvo una influencia directa en el uso del condón y también fue influenciada por el PBS, especialmente el PBS activo. El efecto de la PBC en el uso del condón ser relacionó de forma significativa con las PBS activas. Este estudio aporta pruebas sobre la importancia de las estrategias de planificación para mejorar el cumplimiento del uso del condón entre los adultos jóvenes.

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International audience

International audience

Objective The principal aim of the study was two-fold: to determine French psychiatrists' level of general knowledge of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and to evaluate their perceptions of this condition in a standardized way. The secondary aim was to describe the relationship between level of education and knowledge of PNES and level of experience of case management and perceptions of PNES. Methods In this study, psychiatrists were invited by email to answer an online survey. The questionnaire asked about their general knowledge of PNES, and perceptions of PNES were scored using the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Brief IPQ). Results We received 1242 replies, and data from 963 respondents were included. The survey revealed that three-quarters of psychiatrists working in France (75%) had never received any training on PNES, and 42% had never managed patients suffering from PNES. In general, participants considered PNES to be a chronic disease with significant impact on patients' quality of life. Although psychiatrists were aware of the importance of psychological trauma in the etiology of PNES, they showed only moderate understanding of this pathology. Terminology and classification of these disorders were poorly known, and the relation between PNES and histrionic personality was massively overvalued. Prior training on PNES was associated with a better level of knowledge and different perceptions of trained psychiatrists compared with that of psychiatrists with no prior training. Conclusions The condition of PNES remains relatively unknown to French psychiatrists, and some of their perceptions were inaccurate. Specific training seems essential for a better understanding of PNES.

Resume Objectif L’objectif de cette etude est d’explorer les liens entre la maturation pubertaire, l’estime de soi corporelle et la sexualite a l’adolescence en prenant en compte les differences en fonction du genre. Methode L’echantillon comprenait 312 adolescents issus de 4 colleges d’Indre-et-Loire, dont 52,6 % (n = 164) de filles. Les participants ont repondu a trois questionnaires en auto-evaluation : une echelle de sexualite (interets, emotions, relations : IERS) a la prime adolescence ; (b) une echelle de developpement pubertaire et (c) une echelle d’evaluation de l’estime de soi corporelle. Resultats Plus le stade de developpement pubertaire est avance, plus les facteurs « Draguer en esperant avoir des relations intimes » et « Sortir avec quelqu’un » sont eleves chez les adolescents. La maturation pubertaire provoque chez les adolescents une chute de l’estime de soi corporelle, essentiellement dans les domaines corporels socialement valorises : l’« Adiposite » pour les filles et la « Force » et la « Sante » pour les garcons. Une faible estime de soi corporelle est liee a des scores moins eleves aux facteurs « Sortir avec quelqu’un » et « Draguer en esperant avoir des relations intimes ». Discussion Les transformations corporelles issues de la puberte provoquent chez les adolescents deux mouvements distincts : un mouvement d’exploration et de decouverte sexuelle (corps genitalise) et un mouvement de depreciation de soi (corps social).

International audience; Switching antidepressant medication may be helpful in depressed patients ă having no benefit from the initial antidepressant treatment. ă Before considering switching strategy, the initial antidepressant ă treatment should produce no therapeutic effect after at least 4 weeks of ă administration at adequate dosage. ă Choosing an antidepressant of pharmacologically distinct profile fails ă to consistently demonstrate a significant superiority in terms of ă effectiveness over the switching to another antidepressant within the ă same pharmacological class. ă Augmenting SSRI/SNRIs with mirtazapine/mianserin has become the most ă recommended strategy of antidepressant combinations. ă Augmenting SSRI with tricyclic drugs is now a less recommended strategy ă of antidepressant combinations given the increased risk for the ă occurrence of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions and adverse ă effects.

International audience; Lithium is among the most classically recommended add-on therapeutic ă strategy for the management of depressive patients showing unsuccessful ă response to standard antidepressant medications. ă The effectiveness of the add-on strategy with lithium requires achieving ă plasma levels above 0.5 mEq/L. ă Mood-stabilizing antiepileptic drugs such as carbamazepine, valproate ă derivatives or lamotrigine have not demonstrated conclusive therapeutic ă effects for the management of depressive patients showing unsuccessful ă response to standard antidepressant medications. ă Thyroid hormones are considered among the currently recommended add-on ă therapeutic strategy for the management of depressive patients showing ă unsuccessful response to standard antidepressant medications. ă The effectiveness of the add-on strategy with thyroid hormones requires ă achieving plasma concentration of TSH close to the lower limits at the ă normal range (0.4 mUI/L) or even below it. Second-generation ă antipsychotics such as aripiprazole or quetiapine have consistently ă demonstrated significant therapeutic effects for the management of ă depressive patients showing unsuccessful response to standard ă antidepressant medications. ă Second-generation antipsychotics however require the careful monitoring ă of both cardiovascular and metabolic adverse effects.

Lithium is among the most classically recommended add-on therapeutic a strategy for the management of depressive patients showing unsuccessful a response to standard antidepressant medications. a The effectiveness of the add-on strategy with lithium requires achieving a plasma levels above 0.5 mEq/L. a Mood-stabilizing antiepileptic drugs such as carbamazepine, valproate a derivatives or lamotrigine have not demonstrated conclusive therapeutic a effects for the management of depressive patients showing unsuccessful a response to standard antidepressant medications. a Thyroid hormones are considered among the currently recommended add-on a therapeutic strategy for the management of depressive patients showing a unsuccessful response to standard antidepressant medications. a The effectiveness of the add-on strategy with thyroid hormones requires a achieving plasma concentration of TSH close to the lower limits at the a normal range (0.4 mUI/L) or even below it. Second-generation a antipsychotics such as aripiprazole or quetiapine have consistently a demonstrated significant therapeutic effects for the management of a depressive patients showing unsuccessful response to standard a antidepressant medications. a Second-generation antipsychotics however require the careful monitoring a of both cardiovascular and metabolic adverse effects.