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1. Posttraumatic mucormycosis: a nationwide study in France and review of the literature

Author

Emmanuel GYAN, Norbert IFRAH, Stéphane Bretagne, Frédéric GRENOUILLET, Marcio Junior, Sophie Cassaing, Jean-Francois Viel, Bruno MARCHOU, Raoul Herbrecht, Daniel Ajzenberg, Catherine Quantin, Cedric Arvieux, Mikael Hivelin, Stéphane Ranque, Boualem Sendid, Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Service d'informatique médicale et biostatistiques [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Service de Chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique [Pompidou], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service de parasitologie et de mycologie médicales [Amiens], Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369 (MEDyC), SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Pathogénie des infections systémiques (UMR_S 570), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire de parasitologie et de mycologie médicales [CHU Amiens], CHU Amiens-Picardie, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire ( CNRMA ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] ( HEGP ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -CHU Amiens-Picardie, Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369 ( MEDyC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims ( CHU Reims ), Pathogénie des infections systémiques ( UMR_S 570 ), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
MESH : Aged, Poison control, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, MESH : Child, MESH: Child, MESH : Female, Young adult, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, General Medicine, MESH : Adult, MESH : Wounds and Injuries, 3. Good health, MESH : Mucorales, MESH: Young Adult, Cohort, Coinfection, MESH: Mucorales, Antifungal, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, MESH : Male, MESH : Young Adult, MESH : Adolescent, Internal medicine, Injury prevention, medicine, MESH : Middle Aged, MESH : Mucormycosis, MESH : France, MESH : Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Mucormycosis, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH : Humans, Mucormycosis, MESH: Adult, Saksenaea vasiformis, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, Surgery, MESH: France, MESH: Wounds and Injuries, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; Data on clinical, mycologic characteristics, and outcome of posttraumatic mucormycosis are scarce and often limited to case reports. From the French nationwide "RetroZygo" study, we compared posttraumatic mucormycosis cases with other forms of mucormycosis. We also reviewed reports of posttraumatic mucormycosis in the English-language literature from 1993 to 2013. We included all proven or probable cases for which underlying condition, route of infection, surgical and antifungal treatments, and outcome were detailed. From our cohort, posttraumatic mucormycosis (n = 16) differed significantly from other forms (n = 85) by rarity of underlying disease (31.2% vs 81%, p

Published
2014
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2. Local control of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis dramatically impacts survival

Author

O. Lortholary, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Philippe Herman, Caroline Elie, Romain Kania, P. Vironneau, Fanny Lanternier, Gloria Morizot, Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Lariboisière, Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP]-Institut des Maladies Génétiques Imagine [Paris], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Appendix 1. Members of the French Mycosis Study Group and ENT surgeons in this study Besançon (A. Dussaucy, J.F. Viel, F. Grenouillet, G. Blasco, F. Legrand, J. C. Navellou, E. Plouvier, L. Tavernier, B. Kantelip), Bordeaux (A. Kostrzewa, B. Couprie, J. P. Bebear, E. Blanchart, L. De Gabory, M. Dupon, C. Deminière), Dijon (C. Quantin, D. Caillot, C. Duvillard), Nice (G. Daideri, M. Gari-Toussaint, H. Hyvernat, M. Poiree, P. M. Roger), Nimes (C. Lechiche, L Lachaud), Perpignan (M. Saada, C. Billotet, J.M. Lopez), Rennes (A. Fresnel, X. Carsin, J. P. Gangneux, C. Arvieux, T. Lamy de la Chapelle, N. Rioux), Toulouse (L. Molinier, S. Cassaing, M. Alvarez, L. Esposito, B. Marchou, X. Brousset, E. Uro-Coste, E. Serrano). Those in Paris are as follows: Bichat (C. Chochillon, O. Brugière, M. Wolff, V. Joly, H. Adle- Biassette), Lariboisière (T. Meas, R. Kania, P.Herman, E. Sauvaget), Necker (C. Lebihan, M. E. Bougnoux), Pitié Salpétrière (A. Fekkar, A. Datry, L. Bodin, Y. Samson), Saint-Louis (C. Lacroix, P. Ribaud, A. Xhaard, A. Bergeron-Lafaurie, O. Marie, J. Pavie, E. Raffoux)., Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, MESH: Combined Modality Therapy, Antifungal Agents, MESH: Skull Base, MESH: Brain Diseases, MESH: Paranasal Sinus Diseases, Rhino orbito cerebral mucormycosis, mucormycosis, necrosis, surgery, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Bone Diseases, Infectious, Orbital Diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Sinusitis, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Aged, 80 and over, Skull Base, MESH: Aged, Brain Diseases, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Bone Diseases, Infectious, Combined Modality Therapy, 3. Good health, Survival Rate, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Young Adult, Female, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Survival Rate, sinusitis, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Paranasal Sinus Diseases, medicine, Humans, MESH: Debridement, Reference standards, Aged, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Mucormycosis, MESH: Humans, MESH: Orbital Diseases, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Mucormycosis, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, Surgical procedures, medicine.disease, MESH: Antifungal Agents, MESH: Male, Surgery, Debridement, Local control, business, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; Surgery and antifungals are the reference standard for rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) treatment. The impact of local control on survival of 22 consecutive ROCM adults was studied on day 90: none vs. 75% died, respectively, with or without local control (p

Published
2014
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3. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection of circulating DNA in serum for early diagnosis of mucormycosis in immunocompromised patients

Author

Etienne Daguindau, Fabrice Larosa, Steffi Rocchi, Laurence Millon, Faezeh Legrand, Emeline Scherer, Frédéric Grenouillet, Joel Leroy, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Quentin Lepiller, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Parasitologie-Mycologie CHU Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Service d'hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -hopital Jean Minjoz, Agents pathogènes et inflammation - UFC (EA 4266) ( API ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Agents pathogènes et inflammation - UFC (EA 4266) (API), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Saint-Jacques

Subjects
Male, MESH : Retrospective Studies, MESH : Aged, Polymerase Chain Reaction, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Absidia, law, Limit of Detection, MESH: Immunocompromised Host, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, DNA, Fungal, Mycological Typing Techniques, MESH : Mycological Typing Techniques, MESH : Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymerase chain reaction, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Mucor, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, MESH : Immunocompromised Host, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, 3. Good health, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, MESH : Mucorales, MESH: Mucorales, Mucorales, Female, Microbiology (medical), Adult, Adolescent, MESH : Male, MESH: Limit of Detection, Microbiology, MESH : Limit of Detection, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunocompromised Host, Rhizopus, MESH: Mycological Typing Techniques, MESH : Adolescent, medicine, Humans, Mucormycosis, MESH : Mucormycosis, MESH : Middle Aged, MESH: Mucormycosis, Aged, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH : Reproducibility of Results, MESH : Humans, Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Adult, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Retrospective Studies, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, MESH: Male, Rhizomucor, MESH: DNA, Fungal, MESH : DNA, Fungal, business, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to assess the detection of circulating DNA from the most common species of Mucorales for early diagnosis of mucormycosis in at-risk patients. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated a combination of 3 quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays using hydrolysis probes targeting Mucor/Rhizopus, Lichtheimia (formerly Absidia), and Rhizomucor for circulating Mucorales detection. Serial serum samples from 10 patients diagnosed with proven mucormycosis (2-9 samples per patient) were analyzed. RESULTS: No cross-reactivity was detected in the 3 qPCR assays using 19 reference strains of opportunistic fungi, and the limit of detection ranged from 3.7 to 15 femtograms/10 µL, depending on the species. DNA from Mucorales was detected in the serum of 9 of 10 patients between 68 and 3 days before mucormycosis diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination and/or positive culture. All the qPCR results were concordant with culture and/or PCR-based identification of the causing agents in tissue (Lichtheimia species, Rhizomucor species, and Mucor/Rhizopus species in 4, 3, and 2 patients, respectively). Quantitative PCR was negative in only 1 patient with proven disseminated mucormycosis caused by Lichtheimia species. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that using specific qPCR targeting several species of Mucorales according to local ecology to screen at-risk patients could be useful in a clinical setting. The cost and efficacy of this strategy should be evaluated. However, given the human and economic cost of mucormycosis and the need for rapid diagnosis to initiate prompt directed antifungal therapy, this strategy could be highly attractive.

Published
2013
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4. [Laboratory diagnosis of mucormycosis]

Author

Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dea Garcia Heroso déclare participer à des conférences pour l’entreprise Gilead Sciences

Subjects
Mucorales, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Diabetes Mellitus, MESH: Organ Transplantation, Disease, MESH: Phenotype, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Organ transplantation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Immunocompromised Host, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Histological examination, MESH: Mucormycosis, Alternative methods, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Mucormycosis, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, MESH: DNA, Fungal, MESH: Mucorales, business, Solid organ transplantation
Abstract

International audience; Mucormycosis are deep infections caused by ubiquitous filamentous fungi of the order of Mucorales. The disease occurs mostly in immunocompromised, diabetic or solid organ transplant recipients. There are currently no specific diagnostic guidelines for mucormycosis. The histological examination and culture of the clinical sample remain the most useful approaches for diagnosis. Furthermore, alternative methods to the fungal culture are yet to be standardized. Here we review the current microbiological approaches used for the diagnosis and identification of Mucorales.; Les mucormycoses sont des infections invasives provoquées par des champignons filamenteux ubiquitaires appartenant l’ordre des Mucorales. Elles surviennent notamment chez des patients immunodéprimés, diabétiques ou ayant subi une transplantation d’organe. À l’heure actuelle, il n’existe pas de recommandations françaises pour le diagnostic de laboratoire des mucormycoses. Ce diagnostic repose principalement sur l’examen histologique et la mise en culture de l’échantillon clinique. Il n’existe pas de techniques standardisées qui soient une alternative au diagnostic microbiologique. Nous récapitulons ici les méthodes microbiologiques utilisées dans la démarche diagnostique de la maladie ainsi que dans l’identification des Mucorales.

Published
2013
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5. [Laboratory diagnosis of mucormycosis]

Author

Garcia-Hermoso, Dea, Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dea Garcia Heroso déclare participer à des conférences pour l’entreprise Gilead Sciences, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
MESH: Diabetes Mellitus, MESH: Humans, MESH: Organ Transplantation, Organ Transplantation, MESH: Phenotype, MESH: DNA, Fungal, Immunocompromised Host, Phenotype, Diabetes Mellitus, Mucorales, MESH: Immunocompromised Host, MESH: Mucorales, Humans, Mucormycosis, DNA, Fungal, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, MESH: Mucormycosis
Abstract

International audience; Mucormycosis are deep infections caused by ubiquitous filamentous fungi of the order of Mucorales. The disease occurs mostly in immunocompromised, diabetic or solid organ transplant recipients. There are currently no specific diagnostic guidelines for mucormycosis. The histological examination and culture of the clinical sample remain the most useful approaches for diagnosis. Furthermore, alternative methods to the fungal culture are yet to be standardized. Here we review the current microbiological approaches used for the diagnosis and identification of Mucorales.; Les mucormycoses sont des infections invasives provoquées par des champignons filamenteux ubiquitaires appartenant l’ordre des Mucorales. Elles surviennent notamment chez des patients immunodéprimés, diabétiques ou ayant subi une transplantation d’organe. À l’heure actuelle, il n’existe pas de recommandations françaises pour le diagnostic de laboratoire des mucormycoses. Ce diagnostic repose principalement sur l’examen histologique et la mise en culture de l’échantillon clinique. Il n’existe pas de techniques standardisées qui soient une alternative au diagnostic microbiologique. Nous récapitulons ici les méthodes microbiologiques utilisées dans la démarche diagnostique de la maladie ainsi que dans l’identification des Mucorales.

Published
2013
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6. Experimental murine model of disseminated infection by Saksenaea vasiformis : successful treatment with posaconazole

Author

Françoise Dromer, A. W. Fothergill, Enrique Calvo, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Eduardo Alvarez, Emilio Mayayo, Josep Guarro, Deanna A. Sutton, Valentina Salas, F. Javier Pastor, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, Posaconazole, Antifungal Agents, Fungus, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Microbiology, murine model, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Amphotericin B, MESH: Amphotericin B, medicine, Animals, Mucormycosis, MESH: Animals, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Mice, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, MESH: Treatment Outcome, MESH: Mucormycosis, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Microbial Sensitivity Tests, biology, 030306 microbiology, Broth microdilution, General Medicine, Saksenaea vasiformis, Triazoles, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Antifungal Agents, Virology, In vitro, posaconazole, MESH: Male, 3. Good health, Disease Models, Animal, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, S. vasiformis, MESH: Triazoles, Murine model, Mucorales, MESH: Mucorales, Immunocompetence, MESH: Disease Models, Animal, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; We have determined the in vitro activity of amphotericin B (AMB) and posaconazole (PSC) against Saksenaea vasiformis using broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods and determined the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC). PSC was found to have the greatest in vitro activity in all cases and was the most efficacious in prolonging survival and reducing the fungal load in an immunocompetent murine model of disseminated infection caused by four strains of the fungus.

Published
2012
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7. Molecular Phylogeny and Proposal of Two New Species of the Emerging Pathogenic Fungus Saksenaea

Author

Françoise Dromer, Josep Guarro, Joan Cano, Damien Hoinard, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Michael G. Rinaldi, A. W. Fothergill, Alberto M. Stchigel, Deanna A. Sutton, Eduardo Alvarez, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología grant CGL 2009-08698/BOS, with cofunding from Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)., We thank Catalina Nuñez for technical assistance. The NRCMA gratefully acknowledges the technical help of Laure Diancourt and Coralie Tran at the sequencing facility (PF-8, Genotyping of Pathogens and Public Health, Institut Pasteur)., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, Antifungal Agents, Saksenaea, 0302 clinical medicine, Peptide Elongation Factor 1, Environmental Microbiology, 030212 general & internal medicine, DNA, Fungal, Mycological Typing Techniques, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 0303 health sciences, Fungal protein, MESH: Microbial Sensitivity Tests, biology, Sporangium, Temperature, MESH: Environmental Microbiology, MESH: Naphthalenes, Pathogenic fungus, Spores, Fungal, MESH: Temperature, Molecular phylogenetics, Mucorales, MESH: Mucorales, MESH: Fungal Proteins, Itraconazole, Microbiology (medical), MESH: Terbinafine, Molecular Sequence Data, Mycology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Naphthalenes, Microbiology, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Spores, Fungal, MESH: Mycological Typing Techniques, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, Humans, Mucormycosis, MESH: Peptide Elongation Factor 1, Internal transcribed spacer, Terbinafine, MESH: DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, MESH: Mucormycosis, MESH: Humans, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, 030306 microbiology, Saksenaea vasiformis, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Triazoles, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Antifungal Agents, MESH: DNA, Fungal, MESH: Triazoles, MESH: Itraconazole
Abstract

Saksenaea is a monotypic genus belonging to the order Mucorales and capable of producing severe human infections. Through a polyphasic study based on analysis of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, domains D1 and D2 of the 28S rRNA gene, and the elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) gene, as well as by evaluation of relevant morphological and physiological characteristics of a set of clinical and environmental strains, we have demonstrated that Saksenaea vasiformis is a complex of species. We propose as new species Saksenaea oblongispora , characterized by oblong sporangiospores and unable to grow at 42°C, and Saksenaea erythrospora , characterized by large sporangiophores and sporangia and by ellipsoid sporangiospores, biconcave in the lateral view. Itraconazole, posaconazole, and terbinafine were active against all isolates included in the study, while amphotericin B, voriconazole, and the echinocandins showed low activity.

Published
2010
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8. Molecular and phenotypic evaluation of Lichtheimia corymbifera (formerly Absidia corymbifera) complex isolates associated with human mucormycosis: rehabilitation of L. ramosa

Author

Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Françoise Dromer, Damien Hoinard, Eric Dannaoui, Jean-Charles Gantier, Frédéric Grenouillet, Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
Male, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, Antifungal Agents, Lichtheimia corymbifera, MESH : Aged, chemistry.chemical_compound, Peptide Elongation Factor 1, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Absidia, RNA, Ribosomal, 28S, Genotype, MESH : Female, MESH: Absidia, DNA, Fungal, Mycological Typing Techniques, Clade, MESH : Mycological Typing Techniques, MESH : DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, MESH: Microbial Sensitivity Tests, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, Melezitose, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH: RNA, Ribosomal, 28S, MESH : Phenotype, Phenotype, MESH : Peptide Elongation Factor 1, Female, Adult, Microbiology (medical), Adolescent, Sequence analysis, MESH : Male, MESH : Antifungal Agents, Mycology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, MESH: Phenotype, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, MESH: Mycological Typing Techniques, MESH : Adolescent, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, Humans, Mucormycosis, MESH: Species Specificity, MESH : Species Specificity, MESH : Middle Aged, MESH : Mucormycosis, MESH: Peptide Elongation Factor 1, Internal transcribed spacer, MESH : Aged, 80 and over, MESH: DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, Ribosomal DNA, Aged, MESH: Mucormycosis, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH: Antifungal Agents, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, MESH: DNA, Fungal, MESH : RNA, Ribosomal, 28S, chemistry, MESH : Microbial Sensitivity Tests, MESH : Absidia, MESH : DNA, Fungal, MESH: Female, MESH : Sequence Analysis, DNA
Abstract

Thirty-eight isolates (including 28 isolates from patients) morphologically identified as Lichtheimia corymbifera (formerly Absidia corymbifera ) were studied by sequence analysis (analysis of the internal transcribed spacer [ITS] region of the ribosomal DNA, the D1-D2 region of 28S, and a portion of the elongation factor 1α [EF-1α] gene). Phenotypic characteristics, including morphology, antifungal susceptibility, and carbohydrate assimilation, were also determined. Analysis of the three loci uncovered two well-delimited clades. The maximum sequence similarity values between isolates from both clades were 66, 95, and 93% for the ITS, 28S, and EF-1α loci, respectively, with differences in the lengths of the ITS sequences being detected (763 to 770 bp for isolates of clade 1 versus 841 to 865 bp for isolates of clade 2). Morphologically, the shapes and the sizes of the sporangiospores were significantly different among the isolates from both clades. On the basis of the molecular and morphological data, we considered isolates of clade 2 to belong to a different species named Lichtheimia ramosa because reference strains CBS 269.65 and CBS 270.65 (which initially belonged to Absidia ramosa ) clustered within this clade. As neotype A. corymbifera strain CBS 429.75 belongs to clade 1, the name L. corymbifera was conserved for clade 1 isolates. Of note, the amphotericin B MICs were significantly lower for L. ramosa than for L. corymbifera ( P < 0.005) but were always ≤0.5 μg/ml for both species. Among the isolates tested, the assimilation of melezitose was positive for 67% of the L. ramosa isolates and negative for all L. corymbifera isolates. In conclusion, this study reveals that two Lichtheimia species are commonly associated with mucormycosis in humans.

Published
2009
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