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21 results on '"Materials by Attribute"'

1. Dynamic inking of large-scale stamps for multiplexed microcontact printing and fabrication of cell microarrays

Author

Foncy, Julie, Estève, Aurore, Degache, Amélie, Colin, Camille, Dollat, Xavier, Cau, Jean-Christophe, Vieu, Christophe, Trévisiol, Emmanuelle, Malaquin, Laurent, Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Ingénierie pour les sciences du vivant (LAAS-ELIA), Innopsys [Carbonne], Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Imaging Techniques, Microarrays, Microfluidics, Materials Science, Equipment, lcsh:Medicine, Biosensing Techniques, Fluid Mechanics, Research and Analysis Methods, Continuum Mechanics, Fluorescence Imaging, Cell Adhesion, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, lcsh:Science, Cell Shape, Materials by Attribute, Flow Rate, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Physics, lcsh:R, Classical Mechanics, Biology and Life Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Laboratory Glassware, Cell Biology, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques, Laboratory Equipment, Bioassays and Physiological Analysis, Manufacturing Processes, Tissue Array Analysis, Physical Sciences, Magnets, Printing, Engineering and Technology, lcsh:Q, Fluidics, Research Article
Abstract

International audience; Microcontact printing has become a versatile soft lithography technique used to produce molecular micro-and nano-patterns consisting of a large range of different biomolecules. Despite intensive research over the last decade and numerous applications in the fields of biosensors, microarrays and biomedical applications, the large-scale implementation of microcontact printing is still an issue. It is hindered by the stamp-inking step that is critical to ensure a reproducible and uniform transfer of inked molecules over large areas. This is particularly important when addressing application such as cell microarray manufacturing, which are currently used for a wide range of analytical and pharmaceutical applications. In this paper, we present a large-scale and multiplexed microcontact printing process of extra-cellular matrix proteins for the fabrication of cell microarrays. We have developed a micro-fluidic inking approach combined with a magnetic clamping technology that can be adapted to most standard substrates used in biology. We have demonstrated a significant improvement of homogeneity of printed protein patterns on surfaces larger than 1 cm 2 through the control of both the flow rate and the wetting mechanism of the stamp surface during micro-fluidic inking. Thanks to the reproducibility and integration capabilities provided by microflui-dics, we have achieved the printing of three different adhesion proteins in one-step transfer. Selective cell adhesion and cell shape adaptation on the produced patterns were observed, showing the suitability of this approach for producing on-demand large-scale cell microarrays.

Published
2018

2. The influence of past research on the design of experiments with dissolved organic matter and engineered nanoparticles

Author

Sani-Kast, Nicole, Ollivier, Patrick, Slomberg, Danielle, Labille, Jérôme, Hungerbühler, Konrad, Scheringer, Martin, Institute for Biomedical Engineering [ETH Zürich] (IBT), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering [Zürich] (D-ITET), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix en Provence, France, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (BAFU): Nanoheter SINN, ERA-NET for a Safe Implementation of Innovative Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Czech Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports [LM2015051], Masaryk University (CETOCOEN PLUS project) [CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000469], Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (BAFU), Universität Zürich [Zürich] (UZH)-Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering [Zürich] (D-ITET), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Computer and Information Sciences, Science and Technology Workforce, Science Policy, Materials Science, Social Sciences, lcsh:Medicine, Research and Analysis Methods, Careers in Research, Systems Science, Cognition, Bias, Nanotechnology, Psychology, Computer Simulation, Hazardous materials, Organic Chemicals, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Materials by Attribute, Humic Substances, Selection Bias, lcsh:R, Cognitive Psychology, Biology and Life Sciences, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Experimental design, Simulation and modeling, Professions, Models, Chemical, Solubility, Research Design, Agent-based modeling, Physical Sciences, People and Places, Engineering and Technology, Cognitive Science, Nanoparticles, Scientists, Population Groupings, Particulate Matter, lcsh:Q, Network analysis, Decision making, Mathematics, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Research Article, Neuroscience, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

To assess the environmental fate of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), it is essential to understand their interactions with dissolved organic matter (DOM). The highly complex nature of the interactions between DOM and ENPs and other particulate matter (PM) requires investigating a wide range of material types under different conditions. However, despite repeated calls for an increased diversity of the DOM and PM studied, researchers increasingly focus on certain subsets of DOM and PM. Considering the discrepancy between the calls for more diversity and the research actually carried out, we hypothesize that materials that were studied more often are more visible in the scientific literature and therefore are more likely to be studied again. To investigate the plausibility of this hypothesis, we developed an agent-based model simulating the material choice in the experiments studying the interaction between DOM and PM between 1990 and 2015. The model reproduces the temporal trends in the choice of materials as well as the main properties of a network that displays the DOM and PM types investigated experimentally. The results, which support the hypothesis of a positive reinforcing material choice, help to explain why calls to increase the diversity of the materials studied are repeatedly made and why recent criticism states that the selection of materials is unbalanced., PLoS ONE, 13 (5), ISSN:1932-6203

Published
2018

3. Interannual changes in zooplankton echo subtropical and high latitude climate effects in the southern East China Sea

Author

Jiang-Shiou Hwang, Li-Chun Tseng, Celeste López Abbate, Eduardo Ramirez-Romero, Juan Carlos Molinero, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Taiwan Ocean University, and National Taiwan Ocean University (NTOU)

Subjects
Chlorophyll, Pigments, 0106 biological sciences, Chloroplasts, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, Population Dynamics, lcsh:Medicine, Plant Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, Geographical Locations, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Food Web Structure, Biomass, lcsh:Science, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, Climatology, Multidisciplinary, Geography, Ecology, Oceanografía, Hidrología, Recursos Hídricos, Fishes, Temperature, Eukaryota, Plankton, Crustaceans, Community Ecology, Physical Sciences, Seasons, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Cellular Types, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Research Article, China, Water mass, Biogeochemical cycle, Food Chain, Asia, Arthropoda, East China Sea, Plant Cell Biology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Materials Science, Taiwan, Subtropics, Zooplankton, Copepods, Carbon Cycle, Latitude, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Oscillometry, Plant Cells, Animals, Atmospheric science, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem, Materials by Attribute, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Organic Pigments, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, El Ni単o-Southern Oscillation, Winter, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Pelagic zone, Cell Biology, Invertebrates, Marine and aquatic sciences, Earth sciences, Climate Signals, 13. Climate action, People and Places, Non-Linear Response, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Pacific decadal oscillation
Abstract

Climate variability plays a central role in the dynamics of marine pelagic ecosystems shaping the structure and abundance changes of plankton communities, thereby affecting energy pathways and biogeochemical fluxes in the ocean. Here we have investigated complex interactions driven a climate-hydrology-plankton system in the southern East China Sea over the period 2000 to 2012. In particular, we aimed at quantifying the influence of climate phenomena playing out in tropical (El Nino 3.4) and middle-high latitudes (East Asia Winter Monsoon, EAWM, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation, PDO) on pelagic copepods. We found that the EAWM and El Nino 3.4 showed a non-stationary and non-linear relationship with local temperature variability. In the two cases, the strength of the relationship, as indexed by the wavelet coherence analysis, decreased along with the positive phase of the PDO. Likewise, the influence of EAWM and El Nino3.4 on copepods exhibited a non-stationary link that changed along with the PDO state. Indeed, copepods and EAWM were closely related during the positive phase, while the link copepods–El Nino 3.4 was stronger during the negative phase. Our results pointed out cascading effects from climate to plankton driven by the positive phase of the PDO through its effect on temperature conditions, and likely through a larger southward transport of nutrient-rich water masses to northern Taiwan and the Taiwan Strait. We suggest a chain of mechanisms whereby the PDO shapes interannual dynamics of pelagic copepods and highlight that these results have implications for integrative management measures, as pelagic copepods plays a prominent role in food web dynamics and for harvested fish in the East China Sea. Fil: Molinero, Juan Carlos. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Alemania. Université Montpellier II; Francia Fil: Tseng, Li-Chun. National Taiwan Ocena University; China Fil: López Abbate, María Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina Fil: Ramirez-Romero, Eduardo. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados; España Fil: Hwang, Jiang-Shiou. National Taiwan Ocena University; China

Published
2018

4. Flip-flop method: A new T1-weighted flow-MRI for plants studies

Author

Buy, Simon, Le Floch, Simon, Tang, Ning, Sidiboulenouar, Rahima, Zanca, Michel, Canadas, Patrick, Nativel, Eric, Cardoso, Maida, Alibert, Eric, Dupont, Guillaume, Ambard, Dominique, Maurel, Christophe, Verdeil, Jean-Luc, Bertin, Nadia, Goze-Bac, Christophe, Coillot, Christophe, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biomécanique des Interactions et de l'Organisation des Tissus et des Cellules (BIOTIC), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)

Subjects
stress de la plante, lcsh:Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Solanum lycopersicum, Medicine and Health Sciences, Relaxation Time, Milieux et Changements globaux, lcsh:Science, Fluids, Vegetal Biology, Radiology and Imaging, Physics, Classical Mechanics, Eukaryota, Plants, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, physiologie plantes, Physical Sciences, Magnets, Engineering and Technology, Research Article, stress thermique, imagerie par résonance magnétique, States of Matter, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Imaging Techniques, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Climate Change, Materials Science, seve xylémienne, Fluid Mechanics, Research and Analysis Methods, Continuum Mechanics, Fruits, Diagnostic Medicine, Tomatoes, Stress, Physiological, réchauffement climatique, Signal to Noise Ratio, Fluid Flow, Relaxation (Physics), Materials by Attribute, lcsh:R, sensibilité à la sécheresse, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Water, Fluid Dynamics, Liquids, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, flux, Signal Processing, lcsh:Q, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, Biologie végétale
Abstract

International audience; The climate warming implies an increase of stress of plants (drought and torrential rainfall). The understanding of plant behavior, in this context, takes a major importance and sap flow measurement in plants remains a key issue for plant understanding. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which is well known to be a powerful tool to access water quantity can be used to measure moving water. We describe a novel flow-MRI method which takes advantage of inflow slice sensitivity. The method involves the slice selectivity in the context of multi slice spin echo sequence. Two sequences such as a given slice is consecutively inflow and outflow sensitive are performed, offering the possiblility to perform slow flow sensitive imaging in a quite straigthforward way. The method potential is demonstrated by imaging both a slow flow measurement on a test bench (as low as 10 μm.s−1) and the Poiseuille’s profile of xylemian sap flow velocity in the xylematic tissues of a tomato plant stem.

Published
2018

5. Pyrenoid functions revealed by proteomics in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Author

William Zerges, Stéphane D. Lemaire, Simon Arragain, Heng Jiang, Nicholas D. Gold, Vincent J. J. Martin, Adeline Mauries, James Uniacke, Alexandre Maes, Yu Zhan, Yi Sun, James S. Dhaliwal, Christophe H. Marchand, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes (LBMCE), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Proteomics, 0301 basic medicine, Atmospheric Science, Chloroplasts, Proteomes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, lcsh:Medicine, Plant Science, Biochemistry, Ribosome, Starches, Mass Spectrometry, Pyrenoid, Bacterial microcompartment, Contaminants, Photosynthesis, lcsh:Science, Protein Metabolism, Plant Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, biology, Plant Biochemistry, Organic Compounds, Chemistry, food and beverages, Chloroplast, Carboxysome, Physical Sciences, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Cellular Types, Research Article, Plant Cell Biology, Materials Science, Carbohydrates, Greenhouse Gases, 03 medical and health sciences, Plant Cells, Organelle, Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Oxygenase, Environmental Chemistry, Materials by Attribute, Organic Chemistry, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, RuBisCO, lcsh:R, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Cell Biology, Carbon Dioxide, biology.organism_classification, Metabolism, 030104 developmental biology, Atmospheric Chemistry, Earth Sciences, biology.protein, lcsh:Q
Abstract

International audience; Organelles are intracellular compartments which are themselves compartmentalized. Bio-genic and metabolic processes are localized to specialized domains or microcompartments to enhance their efficiency and suppress deleterious side reactions. An example of intra-organellar compartmentalization is the pyrenoid in the chloroplasts of algae and hornworts. This microcompartment enhances the photosynthetic CO 2-fixing activity of the Calvin-Ben-son cycle enzyme Rubisco, suppresses an energetically wasteful oxygenase activity of Rubisco, and mitigates limiting CO 2 availability in aquatic environments. Hence, the pyre-noid is functionally analogous to the carboxysomes in cyanobacteria. However, a comprehensive analysis of pyrenoid functions based on its protein composition is lacking. Here we report a proteomic characterization of the pyrenoid in the green alga Chlamydomonas rein-hardtii. Pyrenoid-enriched fractions were analyzed by quantitative mass spectrometry. Contaminant proteins were identified by parallel analyses of pyrenoid-deficient mutants. This pyrenoid proteome contains 190 proteins, many of which function in processes that are known or proposed to occur in pyrenoids: e.g. the carbon concentrating mechanism, starch metabolism or RNA metabolism and translation. Using radioisotope pulse labeling experiments , we show that pyrenoid-associated ribosomes could be engaged in the localized synthesis of the large subunit of Rubisco. New pyrenoid functions are supported by proteins in tetrapyrrole and chlorophyll synthesis, carotenoid metabolism or amino acid metabolism. Hence, our results support the long-standing hypothesis that the pyrenoid is a hub for metabolism. The 81 proteins of unknown function reveal candidates for new participants in these processes. Our results provide biochemical evidence of pyrenoid functions and a resource for future research on pyrenoids and their use to enhance agricultural plant productivity. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD004509.

Published
2018

6. Different transfer pathways of an organochlorine pesticide across marine tropical food webs assessed with stable isotope analysis

Author

Dromard, Charlotte R., Bouchon-Navaro, Yolande, Cordonnier, Sébastien, Guéné, Mathilde, Harmelin-Vivien, Mireille, Bouchon, Claude, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Aquatic Organisms, Insecticides, Environmental Engineering, Food Chain, Mangrove Swamps, Materials Science, lcsh:Medicine, Marine and Aquatic Sciences, Marine Biology, Food Web Structure, Contaminants, Food Chains, Animals, Marine Fish, lcsh:Science, Materials by Attribute, Ecosystem, Ecology, Nitrogen Isotopes, Coral Reefs, lcsh:R, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Water Pollution, Organisms, Fishes, Aquatic Environments, Biology and Life Sciences, Eukaryota, Marine Environments, Pollution, Invertebrates, Coasts, Fish, Community Ecology, Chlordecone, Vertebrates, Physical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Earth Sciences, Reefs, Engineering and Technology, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Research Article, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine pesticide used in the banana fields of the French West Indies from 1972 to 1993. Three marine habitats (mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs) of two study sites located downstream contaminated rivers were chosen to evaluate the level of contamination of marine food webs. On each habitat, the food chain collected included suspended organic matter, primary producers (macroalgae, algal turf, seagrass), zooplankton, symbiotic organisms (corals, sea anemones), primary consumers (herbivores, suspension feeders, biofilm feeders), omnivores and detritivores (lobsters, fish), secondary consumers (carnivores 1: invertebrate feeders, planktivores) and tertiary consumers (carnivores 2: invertebrate and fish feeders, piscivores). Log-linear regressions of the concentrations of chlordecone versus nitrogen isotopic ratios (δ 15 N) were used to assess the bioaccumulation of chlordecone along trophic food webs. At each site, biocon-centration and bioamplification take part on the transfer of chlordecone in marine organisms. In mangroves (i.e. close to the source of pollution), lower trophic magnification factors (TMF) indicated that bioconcentration prevailed over bioamplification phenomenon. The opposite phenomenon appeared on coral reefs in which bioconcentration processes were less important and bioamplification pathway became dominant. Far from the source of pollution , molecules of chlordecone seemed to be transfered to organisms mostly via trophic interactions rather than water contact.

Published
2018

7. Physiological and pathological roles of FATP-mediated lipid droplets in Drosophila and mice retina

Author

Michel Guichardant, Laurent Guillou, Victor Girard, Bertrand Mollereau, Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac, Aurélie Cubizolle, Daan M. Van Den Brink, Claire Angebault-Prouteau, Pierre Dourlen, Gilles Chatelain, Philippe Brabet, Francesco Napoletano, Simone Johansen, Nathalie Davoust, Laboratoire de biologie et modélisation de la cellule (LBMC UMR 5239), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BioSciences Lyon-Gerland (BLG), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Life Sciences, Trieste, University of Trieste, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), French National Research Agency ANR-12-BSV1-0019-02, Association Francaise contre les Myopathies, a European Union's Seventh Framework Programme/AIRC (Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul cancro) Reintegration Grant, Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center NIH P40OD018537, CarMeN, laboratoire, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Van Den Brink, Daan M., Cubizolle, Aurélie, Chatelain, Gille, Davoust, Nathalie, Girard, Victor, Johansen, Simone, Napoletano, Francesco, Dourlen, Pierre, Guillou, Laurent, Angebault-Prouteau, Claire, Bernoud-Hubac, Nathalie, Guichardant, Michel, Brabet, Philippe, Mollereau, Bertrand, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)

Subjects
Pigments, Aging, Sensory Receptors, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Genetics (clinical), Cancer Research, Social Sciences, Biochemistry, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal Cells, acyltransferase, Psychology, Energy-Producing Organelles, Neurons, Genetics & Heredity, Drosophila Melanogaster, Neurodegeneration, Eukaryota, Fatty Acid Transport Proteins, Lipids, Cell biology, drosophile, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Physical Sciences, gouttelette lipidique, Cellular Types, Cellular Structures and Organelles, photoreceptor differentiation, Visual phototransduction, Evolution, Ocular Anatomy, Materials Science, Retina, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic, Vesicles, Materials by Attribute, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Lipid Droplets, Lipid Metabolism, medicine.disease, Invertebrates, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematic, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, age, Eyes, Reactive Oxygen Species, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience, Photoreceptors, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mitochondrion, souris, medicine.disease_cause, retine, Animals, Genetically Modified, Lipid droplet, Medicine and Health Sciences, Drosophila Proteins, Ecology, neurodegeneration, Animal Models, Mitochondria, Insects, medicine.anatomical_structure, Experimental Organism Systems, Drosophila, Sensory Perception, Anatomy, Research Article, Signal Transduction, Programmed cell death, Arthropoda, lcsh:QH426-470, Bioenergetics, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, visual cycle, storage, Model Organisms, Behavior and Systematics, Ocular System, Coenzyme A Ligases, medicine, Animals, programmed cell-death, disease, acid transport proteins, Afferent Neurons, Lipid metabolism, Cell Biology, pigment epithelium, Oxidative Stress, lcsh:Genetics, rôle physiologique, Cellular Neuroscience, sense organs, Energy Metabolism, Head, Oxidative stress
Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulation of lipid metabolism is associated with neurodegeneration in retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and in brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Lipid storage organelles (lipid droplets, LDs), accumulate in many cell types in response to stress, and it is now clear that LDs function not only as lipid stores but also as dynamic regulators of the stress response. However, whether these LDs are always protective or can also be deleterious to the cell is unknown. Here, we investigated the consequences of LD accumulation on retinal cell homeostasis under physiological and stress conditions in Drosophila and in mice. In wild-type Drosophila, we show that dFatp is required and sufficient for expansion of LD size in retinal pigment cells (RPCs) and that LDs in RPCs are required for photoreceptor survival during aging. Similarly, in mice, LD accumulation induced by RPC-specific expression of human FATP1 was non-toxic and promoted mitochondrial energy metabolism in RPCs and non-autonomously in photoreceptor cells. In contrast, the inhibition of LD accumulation by dFatp knockdown suppressed neurodegeneration in Aats-metFB Drosophila mutants, which carry elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This suggests that abnormal turnover of LD may be toxic for photoreceptors cells of the retina under oxidative stress. Collectively, these findings indicate that FATP-mediated LD formation in RPCs promotes RPC and neuronal homeostasis under physiological conditions but could be deleterious for the photoreceptors under pathological conditions., Author summary Lipids are major cell constituents and are present in the membranes, as free lipids in the cytoplasm, or stored in vesicles called lipid droplets (LDs). Under conditions of stress, lipids stored in LDs can be released to serve as substrates for energy metabolism by mitochondria. However, lipid storage is dysregulated in many degenerative disorders such as age-related macular degeneration, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Thus, it is unclear whether accumulation of LDs is protective or toxic for neuronal cells. To address this question, we examined the consequences of removal or enforced LD accumulation on the health of retinal cells in flies and mice. Like humans, fly and mouse retinas contain retinal pigment cells (RPC) that support the functions of neighboring photoreceptor cells. We found that overexpression of the fatty acid transport protein (FATP) in RPCs induced accumulation of LDs in both transgenic flies and mice. Moreover, LD accumulation in RPCs was not harmful for juxtaposed photoreceptors during aging, but was toxic under stress conditions. We propose that lipid storage promotes cellular communication that affects photoreceptor health.

Published
2018

8. In vitro effects of two silicate-based materials, Biodentine and BioRoot RCS, on dental pulp stem cells in models of reactionary and reparative dentinogenesis

Author

Benjamin Fournier, Stéphane Simon, Ludwig Stanislas Loison-Robert, Eric Bonte, Tsouria Berbar, Mathilde Tassin, Ariane Berdal, Juliane Isaac, Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire (UPD5 Odontologie), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 - UFR Odontologie (UPD7 Odontologie), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Biomineralization, Teeth, Physiology, Cellular differentiation, lcsh:Medicine, Biocompatible Materials, Apoptosis, Mineralization (biology), Extracellular matrix, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Dentin, Medicine and Health Sciences, Enzyme assays, Colorimetric assays, lcsh:Science, Bioassays and physiological analysis, Cytoskeleton, Staining, Multidisciplinary, MTT assay, Cell Death, Stem Cells, Cell Staining, Cell Differentiation, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Endodontics, Extracellular Matrix, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cell Processes, Calcium silicate, Physical Sciences, Cements, Stem cell, Anatomy, Research Article, Biotechnology, medicine.medical_specialty, Materials Science, In Vitro Techniques, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Research and Analysis Methods, Models, Biological, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, Dental Materials, stomatognathic system, Dental pulp stem cells, medicine, Binders, Humans, RNA, Messenger, [SDV.IB.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Biomaterials, Dental Pulp, Materials by Attribute, Cell Proliferation, Silicates, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, 030206 dentistry, Cell Biology, [SDV.IB.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Biomaterials, Oxidative Stress, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Jaw, Specimen Preparation and Treatment, Biochemical analysis, Biophysics, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, lcsh:Q, Physiological Processes, Digestive System, Head, Developmental Biology
Abstract

International audience; Background: Calcium silicate-based cements are biomaterials with calcium oxide and carbonate filler additives. Their properties are close to those of dentin, making them useful in restorative dentistry and endodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biological effects of two such calcium silicate cements, Biodentine (BD) and Bioroot (BR), on dental stem cells in both direct and indirect contact models. The two models used aimed to mimic reparative dentin formation (direct contact) and reactionary dentin formation (indirect contact). An original aspect of this study is the use of an interposed thin agarose gel layer to assess the effects of diffusible components from the materials.Results: The two biomaterials were compared and did not modify dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) proliferation. BD and BR showed no significant cytotoxicity, although some cell death occurred in direct contact. No apoptosis or inflammation induction was detected. A striking increase of mineralization induction was observed in the presence of BD and BR, and this effect was greater in direct contact. Surprisingly, biomineralization occurred even in the absence of mineralization medium. This differentiation was accompanied by expression of odontoblast-associated genes. Exposure by indirect contact did not stimulate the induction to such a level.Conclusion: These two biomaterials both seem to be bioactive and biocompatible, preserving DPSC proliferation, migration and adhesion. The observed strong mineralization induction through direct contact highlights the potential of these biomaterials for clinical application in dentin-pulp complex regeneration.

Published
2018

9. Divergence in the evolution of Paleolithic symbolic and technological systems: The shining bull and engraved tablets of Rocher de l’Impératrice

Author

Céline Paris, Ludovic Bellot-Gurlet, Marine Laforge, Camille Bourdier, Michel Le Goffic, Sylvie Beyries, Nicolas Naudinot, Isabelle Théry-Parisot, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EVEHA (Etudes et valorisations archeologiques), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), De la Molécule aux Nanos-objets : Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies (MONARIS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Service Regional de l'Archeologie de Bretagne (Ministere de la Culture et de la Communication), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)

Subjects
Male, Pigments, Azilian, History, Culture, lcsh:Medicine, Social Sciences, Stone Age, 01 natural sciences, Sociology, Paleolithic Period, 0601 history and archaeology, Iconography, lcsh:Science, Lithic technology, History, Ancient, Mammals, Stone tool, Multidisciplinary, 060102 archaeology, Geology, 06 humanities and the arts, Radioactive Carbon Dating, Caves, Archaeology, Pigment, Vertebrates, Physical Sciences, France, Physical Anthropology, Art, Research Article, 010506 paleontology, Engraving and Engravings, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Equines, Materials Science, Ancient history, engineering.material, Research and Analysis Methods, Calcium Carbonate, Paleolithic, Paleoanthropology, Humans, Animals, Horses, Magdalenian, Anthropology, Cultural, Materials by Attribute, Chemical Characterization, Isotope Analysis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:R, Organisms, Correction, Biology and Life Sciences, Paleontology, Geologic Time, Anthropology, Archaeological Dating, Rocher de l’Impératrice, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Amniotes, Earth Sciences, engineering, Upper Paleolithic, Depiction, Cattle, lcsh:Q
Abstract

International audience; The development of the Azilian in Western Europe 14,000 years ago is considered a "revo-lution" in Upper Paleolithic Archaeology. One of the main elements of this rapid social restructuring is the abandonment of naturalistic figurative art on portable pieces or on cave walls in the Magdalenian in favor of abstract expression on small pebbles. Recent work shows that the transformation of human societies between the Magdalenian and the Azilian was more gradual. The discovery of a new Early Azilian site with decorated stones in France supports this hypothesis. While major changes in stone tool technology between the Magda-lenian and Azilian clearly mark important adaptive changes, the discovery of 45 engraved schist tablets from archaeological layers at Le Rocher de l'Impératrice attests to icono-graphic continuity together with special valorization of aurochs as shown by a "shining" bull depiction. This evidence suggests that some cultural features such as iconography may lag far behind technological changes. We also argue that eventual change in symbolic expression , which includes the later disappearance of figurative art, provides new insight into the probable restructuring of the societies.

Published
2018

10. Evolution of the scattering properties of phytoplankton cells from flow cytometry measurements

Author

Moutier , William, Duforêt-Gaurier , Lucile, THYSSEN , Melilotus, Loisel , Hubert, Meriaux , Xavier, Courcot , Lucie, Dessailly , David, Rêve , Anne-hélène, Grégori , Gérald, Alvain , Séverine, BARANI , Aude, Brutier , Laurent, DUGENNE , Mathilde, Polavarapu , Lakshminarayana, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 ( LOG ), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Ecologie, évolution, interactions des systèmes amazoniens ( LEEISA ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Guyane ( UG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Nanosystems Initiative Munich ( NIM ), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Pigments, Chloroplasts, Algae, Plant Cell Biology, Materials Science, Material Properties, lcsh:Medicine, Optical Analysis, Plant Science, Research and Analysis Methods, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Spectrum Analysis Techniques, Chlorophyta, Plant Cells, Animals, Electron Microscopy, lcsh:Science, Optical Properties, Chemical Characterization, Materials by Attribute, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Diatoms, Life Cycle Stages, Principal Component Analysis, Microscopy, Refractive Index, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Plants, Flow Cytometry, Plankton, Invertebrates, Spectrophotometry, Phytoplankton, Physical Sciences, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, lcsh:Q, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Cytophotometry, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Cellular Types, Algorithms, Research Article
Abstract

International audience; After the exponential growth phase, variability in the scattering efficiency of phytoplankton cells over their complete life cycle is not well characterised. Bulk measurements are impacted by senescent cells and detritrus. Thus the analysis of the evolution of the optical properties thanks to their morphological and/or intra-cellular variations remains poorly studied. Using the Cytosense flow cytometer (CytoBuoy b.v., NL), the temporal course of the forward and sideward efficiencies of two phytoplankton species (Thalassiosira pseudonana and Chlamydomonas concordia) were analyzed during a complete life-cycle. These two species differ considerably from a morphological point of view. Over the whole experiment, the forward and sideward efficiencies of Thalassiosira pseudonana were, on average, respectively 2.2 and 1.6 times higher than the efficiencies of Chlamydomonas concordia. Large intra-species variability of the efficiencies were observed over the life cycle of the considered species. It highlights the importance of considering the optical properties of phytoplankton cells as a function of the population growth stage of the considered species. Furthermore, flow cytometry measurements were combined with radiative transfer simulations and biogeochemical and optical measurements. Results showed that the real refractive index of the chloroplast is a key parameter driving the sideward signal and that a simplistic two-layered model (cytoplasm-chloroplast) seems particularly appropriate to represent the phytoplankton cells.

Published
2017

11. Chitosan coating as an antibacterial surface for biomedical applications

Author

Julien Amalric, Mélanie D’Almeida, Brigitte Grosgogeat, Bérangère Toury, François Renaud, Nina Attik, Céline Brunon, Hazem Abouelleil, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science et Surface, Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Staphylococcus, lcsh:Medicine, 02 engineering and technology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 01 natural sciences, Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, Chitosan, chemistry.chemical_compound, Spectrum Analysis Techniques, Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, Coated Materials, Biocompatible, Coating, antibacterial activity, Medicine and Health Sciences, biocompatible coated material, Staphylococcus Aureus, lcsh:Science, Titanium Alloys, Antiinfective agent, Multidisciplinary, Antimicrobials, Organic Compounds, Succinic anhydride, Chitosan binding, Drugs, triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Bacterial Pathogens, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, unclassified drug, antiinfective agent, Chemistry, Medical Microbiology, Physical Sciences, Metallurgy, Engineering and Technology, Pathogens, 0210 nano-technology, Antibacterial activity, Research Article, Chemical Elements, Materials Science, engineering.material, Research and Analysis Methods, 010402 general chemistry, Microbiology, Anhydrides, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Coatings, Microbial Control, Alloys, succinic anhydride, titanium, [SDV.IB.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Biomaterials, Microbial Pathogens, Materials by Attribute, Pharmacology, Bacteria, Surface Treatments, Organic Chemistry, lcsh:R, Organisms, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Manufacturing Processes, chemistry, engineering, Antibacterials, lcsh:Q, Time-of-flight mass spectrometry, chitosan, Electron Beam Spectrum Analysis Techniques, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

Background and objectives A current public health issue is preventing post-surgical complications by designing antibacterial implants. To achieve this goal, in this study we evaluated the antibacterial activity of an animal-free chitosan grafted onto a titanium alloy. Methods Animal-free chitosan binding on the substrate was performed by covalent link via a two-step process using TriEthoxySilylPropyl Succinic Anhydride (TESPSA) as the coupling agent. All grafting steps were studied and validated by means of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Time-of-Flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analyses and Dynamic-mode Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (DSIMS). The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains of the developed coating was assessed using the number of colony forming units (CFU). Results XPS showed a significant increase in the C and N atomic percentages assigned to the presence of chitosan. A thick layer of polymer deposit was detected by ToF-SIMS and the results obtained by DSIMS measurements are in agreement with ToF-SIMS and XPS analyses and confirms that the coating synthesis was a success. The developed coating was active against both gram negative and gram positive tested bacteria. Conclusion The success of the chitosan immobilization was proven using the surface characterization techniques applied in this study. The coating was found to be effective against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains. © 2017 D'Almeida et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Published
2017

12. Socioeconomic and environmental determinants of dengue transmission in an urban setting: An ecological study in Nouméa, New Caledonia

Author

Marc Despinoy, Morgan Mangeas, Alizé Mercier, Christophe E. Menkès, Birgit Nikolay, Magali Teurlai, Jorge Cano, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, François Taglioni, Raphaël M. Zellweger, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre de Recherche en Géographie de l'Université de La Réunion (CREGUR), Océan Indien : Espaces et Sociétés (OIES), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (PRODIG), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by Grant Ministere des Outre Mer, French State, subvention no 12-02412-D to MM and FT and an EU Grant Leonardo da Vinci to AM., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Zellweger, Raphaël M., Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-AgroParisTech-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine ( LSHTM ), Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Université de Guyane ( UG ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Centre de Recherche en Géographie de l'Université de La Réunion ( CREGUR ), Océan Indien : Espaces et Sociétés ( OIES ), Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Université de la Réunion ( UR ), Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique ( PRODIG ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sorbonne ( UP4 ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes [Montpellier] ( CMAEE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement [CIRAD] : UMR15, Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs ( PEPS ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques ( LOCEAN ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Epidemiology, Social Sciences, Dengue virus, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geographical locations, 0302 clinical medicine, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, Geography, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Incidence, contexte socioéconomique, Spatial epidemiology, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 3. Good health, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, Physical Sciences, Cements, lcsh:RC955-962, Materials Science, Environment, Human Geography, Microbiology, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 03 medical and health sciences, Population Metrics, transmission de virus, Binders, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Humans, education, Microbial Pathogens, Socioeconomic status, Materials by Attribute, Survey Research, Flaviviruses, Organisms, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biology and Life Sciences, Ecological study, lcsh:RA1-1270, medicine.disease, Invertebrates, dengue, Insect Vectors, Species Interactions, People and places, RNA viruses, Disease Vectors, [INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], medicine.disease_cause, Mosquitoes, Dengue fever, Medicine and Health Sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, condition environnementale, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Incidence (epidemiology), infections à arbovirus, Insects, Infectious Diseases, Research Design, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Viruses, Neighborhoods, Topography, Medical, Pathogens, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Research Article, Adult, Census, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Arthropoda, Oceania, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Research and Analysis Methods, modèle mathématique, New Caledonia, Urbanization, Environmental health, medicine, Animals, Cities, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Population Biology, arbovirus, Socioeconomic Factors, virus dengue type 2, Earth Sciences, nouvelle calédonie, Population density, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

Background Dengue is a mosquito-borne virus that causes extensive morbidity and economic loss in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Often present in cities, dengue virus is rapidly spreading due to urbanization, climate change and increased human movements. Dengue cases are often heterogeneously distributed throughout cities, suggesting that small-scale determinants influence dengue urban transmission. A better understanding of these determinants is crucial to efficiently target prevention measures such as vector control and education. The aim of this study was to determine which socioeconomic and environmental determinants were associated with dengue incidence in an urban setting in the Pacific. Methodology An ecological study was performed using data summarized by neighborhood (i.e. the neighborhood is the unit of analysis) from two dengue epidemics (2008–2009 and 2012–2013) in the city of Nouméa, the capital of New Caledonia. Spatial patterns and hotspots of dengue transmission were assessed using global and local Moran’s I statistics. Multivariable negative binomial regression models were used to investigate the association between dengue incidence and various socioeconomic and environmental factors throughout the city. Principal findings The 2008–2009 epidemic was spatially structured, with clusters of high and low incidence neighborhoods. In 2012–2013, dengue incidence rates were more homogeneous throughout the city. In all models tested, higher dengue incidence rates were consistently associated with lower socioeconomic status (higher unemployment, lower revenue or higher percentage of population born in the Pacific, which are interrelated). A higher percentage of apartments was associated with lower dengue incidence rates during both epidemics in all models but one. A link between vegetation coverage and dengue incidence rates was also detected, but the link varied depending on the model used. Conclusions This study demonstrates a robust spatial association between dengue incidence rates and socioeconomic status across the different neighborhoods of the city of Nouméa. Our findings provide useful information to guide policy and help target dengue prevention efforts where they are needed most., Author summary Dengue virus is rapidly spreading throughout tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, possibly aided by environmental change, urbanization and/or increase in human mobility. Already present in 120 countries, dengue virus causes extensive disease burden and generates large economic costs. As dengue is mosquito-borne, its transmission pattern is strongly influenced by climate. However, dengue cases are not always distributed evenly throughout cities, where climate can be assumed to be homogenous. This suggests that other factors which are heterogeneously distributed in cities could play a role in dengue transmission, such as socioeconomic status and environmental factors (both natural and built). Identifying those factors is crucial to develop and target dengue prevention interventions, such as mosquito control and education. Our study uses dengue incidence statistics from two large epidemics in Nouméa, the capital of New Caledonia, to investigate which socioeconomic or environmental factors correlate with dengue incidence in an urban setting. Dengue incidence was consistently higher in neighborhoods where socioeconomic status was lower (i.e. lower revenue or higher unemployment) and often higher where the proportion of single-family houses in all buildings was higher. Our data suggest that, if resources are limited, prevention measures should be targeted in priority towards neighborhoods of lower socioeconomic status.

Published
2017

13. Functional xanthophyll cycle and pigment content of a kleptoplastic benthic foraminifer: Haynesina germanica

Author

Thierry Jauffrais, Bruno Jesus, Vona Méléder, Emmanuelle Geslin, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique - Angers (LPG-ANGERS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mer, molécules et santé EA 2160 (MMS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)

Subjects
Pigments, Chloroplasts, Light, Algae, Plant Cell Biology, Materials Science, lcsh:Medicine, Plant Science, Foraminifera, Xanthophylls, Plant Cells, Animals, chlorophyll, lcsh:Science, Particle Physics, Materials by Attribute, Petrology, Diatoms, Sedimentary Geology, Photons, Organic Pigments, Physics, Electromagnetic Radiation, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Geology, Pigments, Biological, Cell Biology, Plants, Plankton, Biological, Invertebrates, Carotenoids, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physical Sciences, Phytoplankton, Earth Sciences, lcsh:Q, Sediment, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Cellular Types, Elementary Particles, Research Article
Abstract

International audience; Some shallow water benthic foraminifera are able to retain functional chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) from their food source, i.e. diatoms. Here we assessed the functionality of the kleptoplast xanthophyll cycle (XC, i.e. the main diatom short-term photo-regulation mechanism) and we surveyed Haynesina germanica kleptoplast pigment composition over time and at different light regimes. Six common diatom lipophilic pigments were detected, two chlorophylls (Chl a, Chl c) and four carotenoids (fucoxanthin and by-products, diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin and β-carotene), the same pigment profile as the diatom species frequently isolated at the sampling site. The xanthophyll cycle (XC) was functional with kleptoplast diatoxanthin (DT) content increase with concomitant diadinoxanthin (DD) decrease after short term light exposure. DT/(DT+DD) and DT/DD ratios increased significantly in specimens exposed to low light and high light in comparison to specimens maintained in the dark. Specimens placed in very low light after the light treatments reverted to values close to the initial ones, suggesting that H. germanica XC is functional. A functional XC is an indication of H. germanica kleptoplasts capacity for short-term photo-protection from photo-oxidative damages caused by excess of light. Furthermore, the pigment survey suggests that H. germanica preserved some chloroplasts over a longer time than others and that pigment content is influenced by previous light history. Finally, the current study highlighted seasonal differences, with higher pigment contents in winter specimens (27.35 ± 1.30 ng cell-1) and lower in summer specimens (6.08 ± 1.21 ng cell-1), a quantitative and qualitative composition suggesting light acclimation to low or high light availability, according to the season.

Published
2017

14. Relation between the Macroscopic Pattern of Elephant Ivory and Its Three-Dimensional Micro-Tubular Network

Author

Marie Albéric, Peter Fratzl, John W. C. Dunlop, Ina Reiche, Andreas Staude, Mason N. Dean, Wolfgang Wagermaier, Aurélien Gourrier, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung u. -prüfung, Rathgen-Forschungslabor, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin-Stiftung Preußischer KulturbesitzBerlin, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], Teeth, Elephants, lcsh:Medicine, Geometry, 01 natural sciences, Microtubules, Materials Physics, Orientation (geometry), Perpendicular, Medicine and Health Sciences, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Electron Microscopy, lcsh:Science, Microstructure, Cytoskeleton, Tubular network, Physics, Mammals, Microscopy, Multidisciplinary, Ivory, Transverse plane, visual_art, Vertebrates, Physical Sciences, Cements, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Checkerboard pattern, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Anatomy, Research Article, 010506 paleontology, Ellipsoids, Materials Science, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Tusk, Binders, Specimen Sectioning, Animals, Materials by Attribute, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:R, Organisms, Oblique case, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, X-Ray Microtomography, 030104 developmental biology, Jaw, Specimen Preparation and Treatment, Amniotes, Dentin, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, lcsh:Q, Digestive System, Head, Tooth, Mathematics, Synchrotrons
Abstract

International audience; Macroscopic, periodic, dark and bright patterns are observed on sections of elephant tusk, in the dentin part (ivory). The motifs—also called Schreger pattern—vary depending on the orientation in the tusk: on sections perpendicular to the tusk axis, a checkerboard pattern is present whereas on sections longitudinal to it, alternating stripes are observed. This pattern has been used to identify elephant and mammoth ivory in archeological artifacts and informs on the continuous tissue growth mechanisms of tusk. However, its origin, assumed to be related to the 3D structure of empty microtubules surrounded by the ivory matrix has yet to be characterized unequivocally. Based on 2D observations of the ivory microtubules by means of a variety of imaging techniques of three different planes (transverse, longitudinal and tangential to the tusk axis), we show that the dark areas of the macroscopic pattern are due to tubules oblique to the surface whereas bright areas are related to tubules parallel to it. The different microstructures observed in the three planes as well as the 3D data obtained by SR-μCT analysis allow us to propose a 3D model of the microtubule network with helical tubules phase-shifted in the tangential direction. The phase shift is a combination of a continuous phase shift of π every 1 mm with a stepwise phase shift of π/2 every 500 μm. By using 3D modeling, we show how the 3D helical model better represents the experimental microstructure observed in 2D planes compared to previous models in the literature. This brings new information on the origin of the unique Schreger pattern of elephant ivory, crucial for better understanding how archaeological objects were processed and for opening new routes to rethink how biological materials are built.

Published
2017

15. PLOS Genetics

Author

Schwochow Thalmann, Doreen, Ring, Henrik, Sundström, Elisabeth, Cao, Xiaofang, Larsson, Mårten, Kerje, Susanne, Höglund, Andrey, Fogelholm, Jesper, Wright, Dominic, Jemth, Per, Hallböök, Finn, Bed’Hom, Bertrand, Dorshorst, Ben, Tixier-Boichard, Michèle, Andersson, Leif, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Southern Vietnam, Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology [Linköping] (IFM), Linköping University (LIU), Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences [Blacksburg] (APSC), Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University System, and Animal and Poultry Sciences

Subjects
Pigments, Missense Mutation, Genotype, lcsh:QH426-470, Genetic Linkage, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Materials Science, Poultry, Epithelium, Birds, Evolution, Molecular, Animal Cells, Medicine and Health Sciences, Genetics, Animals, Gamefowl, Chromatophores, Genetik, Animal Anatomy, Alleles, Materials by Attribute, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16, Pigmentation, Stem Cells, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Epithelial Cells, Cell Differentiation, Cell Biology, Feathers, ARF TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR, GENE-EXPRESSION, LOCUS, MUTATIONS, INK4A/ARF, MELANOMA, GENOME, SENESCENCE, NICHE, CELLS, lcsh:Genetics, Biological Tissue, Phenotype, Fowl, Genetic Loci, Vertebrates, Amniotes, Physical Sciences, Mutation, Melanocytes, Female, Cellular Types, Anatomy, Zoology, Chickens, Research Article
Abstract

Sex-linked barring is a fascinating plumage pattern in chickens recently shown to be associated with two non-coding and two missense mutations affecting the ARF transcript at the CDKN2A tumor suppressor locus. It however remained a mystery whether all four mutations are indeed causative and how they contribute to the barring phenotype. Here, we show that Sex-linked barring is genetically heterogeneous, and that the mutations form three functionally different variant alleles. The B0 allele carries only the two non-coding changes and is associated with the most dilute barring pattern, whereas the B1 and B2 alleles carry both the two non-coding changes and one each of the two missense mutations causing the Sex-linked barring and Sex-linked dilution phenotypes, respectively. The data are consistent with evolution of alleles where the non-coding changes occurred first followed by the two missense mutations that resulted in a phenotype more appealing to humans. We show that one or both of the non-coding changes are cis-regulatory mutations causing a higher CDKN2A expression, whereas the missense mutations reduce the ability of ARF to interact with MDM2. Caspase assays for all genotypes revealed no apoptotic events and our results are consistent with a recent study indicating that the loss of melanocyte progenitors in Sex-linked barring in chicken is caused by premature differentiation and not apoptosis. Our results show that CDKN2A is a major locus driving the differentiation of avian melanocytes in a temporal and spatial manner., Author summary Barring patterns on individual feathers are widespread phenomena in a number of wild bird species. Still, the genetic background and molecular mechanisms that give rise to barring remains poorly understood. Sex-linked barring is a striping pattern present on individual feathers in domestic chickens, which can be utilized as a model species to gain an understanding of the underlying ‘mode of action’ of biological pattern formation. Our findings suggest that regulatory mutations in the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A first resulted in a primitive barring pattern and that two missense mutations in the same gene occurred later and independently, causing the more distinct barring pattern of extant chicken breeds. A plausible mechanism is that the altered expression of CDKN2A causes melanocyte progenitor cells to prematurely stop dividing and instead differentiate into pigment-producing cells. The temporary lack of melanocytes expresses itself as a white bar until the progenitor cells are replenished and pigment is produced to form a pigmented bar. It is remarkable that a good proportion of the world-wide production of animal protein is based on chicken that are carrying a functionally important missense mutation in the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene.

Published
2017

16. Changes in the Floating Plastic Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea in Relation to the Distance to Land

Author

Stéphanie Petit, Bruno Dumontet, Amanda Elineau, Gabriel Gorsky, Maria Luiza Pedrotti, Andrés Cózar, Elisa Martí, Stéphane Bruzaud, Jean Claude Crebassa, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne (LIMATB), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Expédition MED, Questembert, Department of Biology [Univ. of Cadiz], University of Cadiz, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), and Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Polymers, lcsh:Medicine, Environmental pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean sea, Abundance (ecology), Oceans, lcsh:Science, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Plankton, Pollution, Chemistry, Macromolecules, Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Plastics, Environmental Monitoring, Research Article, Environmental Engineering, Materials by Structure, Population, Materials Science, Bodies of water, Sea Water, Surface Water, Mediterranean Sea, Animals, 14. Life underwater, education, Materials by Attribute, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Water Pollution, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Polymer Chemistry, Debris, Invertebrates, Marine and aquatic sciences, Earth sciences, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Plastic pollution, Environmental Pollution, Surface water
Abstract

International audience; The composition, size distribution, and abundance of floating plastic debris in surface waters of the Mediterranean Sea were analyzed in relation to distance to land. We combined data from previously published reports with an intensive sampling in inshore waters of the Northwestern Mediterranean. The highest plastic concentrations were found in regions distant from from land as well as in the first kilometer adjacent to the coastline. In this nearshore water strip, plastic concentrations were significantly correlated with the nearness to a coastal human population, with local areas close to large human settlements showing hundreds of thousands of plastic pieces per km2. The ratio of plastic to plankton abundance reached particularly high values for the coastal surface waters. Polyethylene, polypropylene and polyamides were the predominant plastic polymers at all distances from coast (86 to 97% of total items), although the diversity of polymers was higher in the 1-km coastal water strip due to a higher frequency of polystyrene or polyacrylic fibers. The plastic size distributions showed a gradual increase in abundance toward small sizes indicating an efficient removal of small plastics from the surface. Nevertheless, the relative abundance of small fragments (< 2 mm) was higher within the 1-km coastal water strip, suggesting a rapid fragmentation down along the shoreline, likely related with the washing ashore on the beaches. This study constitutes a first attempt to determine the impact of plastic debris in areas closest to Mediterranean coast. The presence of a high concentration of plastic including tiny plastic items could have significant environmental, health and economic impacts.

Published
2016

17. Short-Term and Long-Term Biological Effects of Chronic Chemical Contamination on Natural Populations of a Marine Bivalve

Author

Laurence Murillo, Amélia Viricel, Ingrid Fruitier-Arnaudin, Hélène Thomas-Guyon, Vanessa Becquet, Valérie Huet, Stéphane Le Floch, Marine Breitwieser, Carine Churlaud, Eric Pante, Marianne Graber, Camille Lacroix, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de documentation de recherche et d'expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux (Cedre), and Cedre

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, scallops, Marine and Aquatic Sciences, lcsh:Medicine, Laccases, 010501 environmental sciences, Biochemistry, 01 natural sciences, laccase, Malondialdehyde, Contaminants, mitochondrial respiration, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, lcsh:Science, Glutathione Transferase, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, genetic diversity, Contamination, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Enzymes, Chemistry, Environmental chemistry, detoxication, Physical Sciences, Scallop, inorganic contaminants, Research Article, Bivalves, Pollutants, Materials Science, Population, Marine Biology, Citrate (si)-Synthase, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Stress, Physiological, Metals, Heavy, Genetic variation, Genetics, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, Pesticides, education, Materials by Attribute, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Marine biology, Pollutant, oxidant stress, Evolutionary Biology, Genetic diversity, Population Biology, Superoxide Dismutase, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, lcsh:R, Organisms, Phosphatases, Genetic Variation, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Molluscs, Pesticide, Invertebrates, Gastrointestinal Tract, Pectinidae, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Enzymology, Earth Sciences, lcsh:Q, organic contaminants, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Biomarkers, Population Genetics
Abstract

International audience; Understanding the effects of chronic chemical contamination on natural populations of marine organisms is complex due to the combined effects of different types of pollutants and environmental parameters that can modulate the physiological responses to stress. Here, we present the effects of a chronic contamination in a marine bivalve by combining multiple approaches that provide information on individual and population health. We sampled variegated scallops (Mimachlamys varia) at sites characterized by different contaminants and contamination levels to study the short and long-term (intergenerational) responses of this species to physiological stress. We used biomarkers (SOD, MDA, GST, laccase, citrate synthase and phosphatases) as indicators of oxidative stress, immune system alteration, mitochondrial respiration and general metabolism, and measured population genetic diversity at each site. In parallel, concentration of 14 trace metals and 45 organic contaminants (PAHs, PCBs, pesticides) in tissues were measured. Scallops were collected outside and during their reproductive season to investigate temporal variability in contaminant and biomarker levels. Our analyses revealed that the levels of two biomarkers (Lac-case-type phenoloxidase and malondialdehyde) were significantly correlated with Cd concentration. Additionally, we observed significant seasonal differences for four of the five biomarkers, which is likely due to the scallop reproductive status at time of sampling. As a source of concern, a location that was identified as a reference site on the basis of inorganic contaminant levels presented the same level of some persistent organic pollutants (DDT and its metabolites) than more impacted sites. Finally, potential long-term effects of heavy metal contamination were observed for variegated scallops as genetic diversity was depressed in the most polluted sites.

Published
2016

18. Comparative Methods to Improve the Detection of BRAF V600 Mutations in Highly Pigmented Melanoma Specimens

Author

Thierry Maudelonde, Eric Frouin, Sylvain Godreuil, Jérôme Solassol, Julie A. Vendrell, Romain Senal, Valérie Costes, Marion Larrieux, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Service de Biopathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Aide à la Décision pour une Médecine Personnalisé - Laboratoire de Biostatistique, Epidémiologie et Recherche Clinique - EA 2415 (AIDMP), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), UNICANCER - Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier Val d'Aurelle (ICM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque, Pathogénèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier )-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
Male, Pigments, Melanomas, 0301 basic medicine, Skin Neoplasms, DNA polymerase, Gene Identification and Analysis, lcsh:Medicine, Skin Pigmentation, Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension, Polymerase Chain Reaction, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sequencing techniques, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Melanin, Medicine and Health Sciences, DNA sequencing, Bovine serum albumin, lcsh:Science, Melanoma, DNA extraction, Polymerase chain reaction, Multidisciplinary, biology, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Physical Sciences, Female, Research Article, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf, Genotyping, Materials Science, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Extraction techniques, Cell Line, Tumor, Genetics, Humans, Molecular Biology Techniques, Molecular Biology, Mutation Detection, Materials by Attribute, Aged, Organic Pigments, lcsh:R, Dideoxy DNA sequencing, Biology and Life Sciences, Cancers and Neoplasms, Molecular biology, genomic DNA, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Mutation, biology.protein, Nucleic acid, lcsh:Q, DNA, [SDV.MHEP.DERM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology
Abstract

International audience; Genotyping BRAF in melanoma samples is often challenging. The presence of melanin greatly interferes with thermostable DNA polymerases and/or nucleic acids in traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. In the present work, we evaluated three easy-to-use strategies to improve the detection of pigmented DNA refractory to PCR amplification. These pre-PCR processing methods include the addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA), the dilution of DNA, and the purification of DNA using the NucleoSpin® gDNA Clean-up XS Kit. We found that BRAF genotyping in weakly and moderately pigmented samples was more efficient when the sample was processed with BSA or purified with a NucleoSpin® gDNA Clean-up XS Kit prior to PCR amplification. In addition, the combination of both methods resulted in successful detection of BRAF mutation in pigmented specimens, including highly pigmented samples, thereby increasing the chance of patients being elicited for anti-BRAF treatment. These solutions to overcome melanin-induced PCR inhibition are of tremendous value and provide a simple solution for clinical chemistry and routine laboratory medicine.

Published
2016

19. Large-Scale Recombinant Expression and Purification of Human Tyrosinase Suitable for Structural Studies

Author

Harry J. Wichers, Montserrat Soler-López, Xuelei Lai, Bauke W. Dijkstra, Univ Groningen, Biophys Chem Lab, Groningen, Netherlands, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Wageningen Univ, Food Chem Lab, Wageningen, Netherlands, and X-ray Crystallography

Subjects
Pigments, 0301 basic medicine, MELANIN FORMATION, Glycosylation, Tyrosinase, POLYPHENOL OXIDASE, AURONE SYNTHASE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Glycobiology, Gene Expression, lcsh:Medicine, Gene mutation, Biochemistry, MUSHROOM TYROSINASE, Melanin, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, INSECT CELLS, X-Ray Diffraction, Chemical Precipitation, lcsh:Science, Peptide sequence, Chromatography, Crystallography, Multidisciplinary, Monophenol Monooxygenase, Protein Stability, Physics, Chemical Reactions, Temperature, Condensed Matter Physics, Recombinant Proteins, Chemistry, Separation Processes, Health & Consumer Research, ESCHERICHIA-COLI, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Physical Sciences, Crystal Structure, Crystallization, Oculocutaneous albinism type I, Diffraction, GENE-MUTATIONS, Research Article, Signal peptide, Materials by Structure, Materials Science, Biology, RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS, Research and Analysis Methods, Crystals, Melittin, Structure-Activity Relationship, 03 medical and health sciences, N-GLYCOSYLATION SITES, medicine, Solid State Physics, Animals, Humans, Structure–activity relationship, Life Science, Amino Acid Sequence, Materials by Attribute, Glycoproteins, VLAG, Food, Health & Consumer Research, Organic Pigments, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Elution, medicine.disease, OCULOCUTANEOUS ALBINISM TYPE-1, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Food, Waves, lcsh:Q
Abstract

International audience; Human tyrosinase (TYR) is a glycoprotein that initiates the first two reactions in the melanin biosynthesis pathway. Mutations in its encoding gene cause Oculocutaneous Albinism type I (OCA1), the most severe form of albinism, which is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by reduced or absent production of melanin in skin, hair and eyes. Despite extensive structural and characterization studies of its homologues in lower eukaryotic organisms, the catalytic mechanism of human TYR and the molecular basis of OCA1 are largely unknown. In this work, we have carried out a large-scale recombinant expression of TYR that has enabled us to obtain high yields of pure and active protein, required for crystallization trials and screening of skin whitening agents, which is highly demanded in the cosmetic industry. Addition of an N-terminal honeybee melittin signal peptide for secretion of the produced protein into the (protein-free) medium, as well as a cleavable His-tag at the C-terminus, was crucial for increasing the yield of pure protein. We have successfully crystallized two TYR variants, in both glycosylated and deglycosylated forms, showing preliminary X-ray diffraction patterns at 3.5 angstrom resolution. Hence, we have established an expression and purification protocol suitable for the crystal structure determination of human TYR, which will give unique atomic insight into the nature and conformation of the residues that shape the substrate binding pocket that will ultimately lead to efficient compound design

Published
2016

20. Influence of a Double-Lumen Extension Tube on Drug Delivery: Examples of Isosorbide Dinitrate and Diazepam

Author

Bertrand Décaudin, Christine Barthélémy, Aurélie Maiguy-Foinard, Nicolas Blanchemain, Pascal Odou, Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées - ULR 7365 (GRITA), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Médicaments et biomatériaux à libération contrôlée: mécanismes et optimisation - Advanced Drug Delivery Systems - U 1008 (MBLC - ADDS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Université de Lille, LillOA, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées - ULR 7365 [GRITA], and Médicaments et biomatériaux à libération contrôlée: mécanismes et optimisation - Advanced Drug Delivery Systems - U 1008 [MBLC - ADDS]

Subjects
Polymers, lcsh:Medicine, 02 engineering and technology, Isosorbide Dinitrate, Physical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Drug Delivery Systems, 0302 clinical medicine, Limit of Detection, 030202 anesthesiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Thermoplastics, Drug Interactions, lcsh:Science, Infusions, Intravenous, Polyvinyl Chloride, Polyurethane, chemistry.chemical_classification, Multidisciplinary, Pharmaceutics, Drugs, Polyethylene, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [SDV.SP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Chemistry, Macromolecules, Physical Sciences, Drug delivery, Sorption, 0210 nano-technology, Plastics, Research Article, medicine.drug, Materials science, Thermoplastic, Materials by Structure, Materials Science, Thermosetting polymer, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Materials by Attribute, Pharmacology, Polypropylene, Diazepam, lcsh:R, Polymer Chemistry, Polyvinyl chloride, chemistry, lcsh:Q, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Adsorption, Isosorbide dinitrate, Drug Delivery, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

International audience; PURPOSE: Plastic materials such as polyurethane (PUR), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are widely used in double-lumen extension tubing. The purposes of our study were to 1) compare in vitro drug delivery through the double extension tubes available on the market 2) assess the plastic properties of PUR in infusion devices and their impact on drug delivery.METHODS: The study compared eight double-lumen extension tubes in PUR, co-extruded (PE/PVC) plastic and plasticised PVC from different manufacturers. Isosorbide dinitrate and diazepam were used as model compounds to evaluate their sorption on the internal surface of the infusion device. Control experiments were performed using norepinephrine known not to absorb to plastics. Drug concentrations delivered at the egress of extension tubes were determined over time by an analytical spectrophotometric UV-Vis method. The main characteristics of plastics were also determined.RESULTS: Significant differences in the sorption phenomenon were observed among the eight double-lumen extension tubes and between pairs of extension tubes. Mean concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate delivered at the egress of double-lumen extension tubes after a 150-minute infusion (mean values ± standard deviation in percentage of the initial concentrations in the prepared syringes) ranged between 80.53 ± 1.66 (one of the PUR tubes) and 92.84 ± 2.73 (PE/PVC tube). The same parameters measured during diazepam infusion ranged between 48.58 ± 2.88 (one of the PUR tubes) and 85.06 ± 3.94 (PE/PVC tube). The double-lumen extension tubes in PUR were either thermosetting (resin) or thermoplastic according to reference.CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians must be aware of potential drug interactions with extension tube materials and so must consider their nature as well as the sterilisation method used before selecting an infusion device.

Published
2016

21. Distinctive Glial and Neuronal Interfacing on Nanocrystalline Diamond

Author

Charles Agnes, Alexandre Bongrain, Simone Meffert, Andreas Offenhäusser, Philippe Bergonzo, Serge Picaud, Jean-Charles Arnault, Amel Bendali, Valérie Forster, José-Alain Sahel, Institut de la Vision, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire Capteurs Diamant (LCD-LIST), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, IBN2, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, University College of London [London] (UCL), Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts (CHNO), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rotschild, Académie des Sciences [Paris], Institut de France, This work was supported by INSERM, UPMC (Paris VI), the Fondation Ophtalmologique A. de Rothschild (Paris), Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (MEDINAS project, ANR-07-TECSAN-014), Fondation Fighting Blindness, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, the sixth European framework (DREAMS, project FP6-NMP-2006-676033345, NEUROCARE, project FP7-NMP-280433), IMPLANTS project from ITMO-TecSan, Fédération des Aveugles de France, IRRP, the city of Paris, the Regional Council of Ile-de-France., ANR-07-TECS-0014,MEDINAS,Matrices d'Electrodes en Diamant pour l'Interfaçage Neuronal Appliqué à la Suppléance fonctionnelle (MEDINAS)(2007), European Project: 280433,EC:FP7:NMP,FP7-NMP-2011-SMALL-5,NEUROCARE(2012), European Project: 36222,DREAMS, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Académie des Sciences, HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire, Technologies pour la santé - Matrices d'Electrodes en Diamant pour l'Interfaçage Neuronal Appliqué à la Suppléance fonctionnelle (MEDINAS) - - MEDINAS2007 - ANR-07-TECS-0014 - TECSAN - VALID, Neuronal NanoCarbon Interfacing Structures - NEUROCARE - - EC:FP7:NMP2012-03-01 - 2015-02-28 - 280433 - VALID, and DIAMOND to RETINA ARTIFICIAL MICRO-INTERFACE STRUCTURES - DREAMS - 36222 - OLD

Subjects
Visual System, thin film, Immunofluorescence, lcsh:Medicine, Biocompatible Materials, Materials Physics, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Materials Testing, visual prosthesis, lcsh:Science, instrumentation, Multidisciplinary, Electronic Properties, Neuronal Morphology, Chemistry, Physics, Sensory Systems, Axon Guidance, glial cells, medicine.anatomical_structure, Physical Sciences, Neuroglia, Engineering and Technology, Microtechnology, Materials Characterization, ddc:500, Research Article, Biotechnology, electrode-neuron interface, biomaterials, Biocompatibility, Neurite, Materials by Structure, Cell Survival, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Immunology, Materials Science, Material Properties, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, engineering.material, Research and Analysis Methods, Retinal ganglion, biocompatibility, Developmental Neuroscience, diamond, Bipolar neuron, medicine, Animals, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Glial cell growth, Immunoassays, [SDV.IB.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Biomaterials, Materials by Attribute, Chemical Physics, Mechanical Engineering, lcsh:R, Diamond, Biology and Life Sciences, Electric Stimulation, Rats, [SDV.IB.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Biomaterials, Semiconductors, nervous system, retinal ganglion cells, Cellular Neuroscience, protein coating, Electronic Materials, engineering, Biophysics, Immunologic Techniques, Nanoparticles, Medical Devices and Equipment, lcsh:Q, Neuron, Neuroscience, Nanodiamond
Abstract

International audience; Direct electrode/neuron interfacing is a key challenge to achieve high resolution of neuronal stimulation required for visual prostheses. Neuronal interfacing on biomaterials commonly requires the presence of glial cells and/or protein coating. Nanocrystalline diamond is a highly mechanically stable biomaterial with a remarkably large potential window for the electrical stimulation of tissues. Using adult retinal cell cultures from rats, we found that glial cells and retinal neurons grew equally well on glass and nanocrystalline diamond. The use of a protein coating increased cell survival, particularly for glial cells. However, bipolar neurons appeared to grow even in direct contact with bare diamond. We investigated whether the presence of glial cells contributed to this direct neuron/diamond interface, by using purified adult retinal ganglion cells to seed diamond and glass surfaces with and without protein coatings. Surprisingly, these fully differentiated spiking neurons survived better on nanocrystalline diamond without any protein coating. This greater survival was indicated by larger cell numbers and the presence of longer neurites. When a protein pattern was drawn on diamond, neurons did not grow preferentially on the coated area, by contrast to their behavior on a patterned glass. This study highlights the interesting biocompatibility properties of nanocrystalline diamond, allowing direct neuronal interfacing, whereas a protein coating was required for glial cell growth.

Published
2014

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