Search

Your search keyword '"Université de Damas = Damascus University"' showing total 14 results
Start Over Author "Université de Damas = Damascus University" Publisher hal ccsd
14 results on '"Université de Damas = Damascus University"'

1. Low-Fidelity Approach for Contoured Nozzle Design

Author

Ali Jraisheh, Eszter Dudas, Nicolas Suas-David, Robert Georges, Vinayak Kulkarni, Université de Damas = Damascus University, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IIT Guwahati), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Damascus University [752/D], ANR e-PYTHEAS [ANR-16-CE31-0005-01], ANR FULLDIBS [ANR-20-CE31-0014], French Research National Agency, Programme National 'Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire' (PCMI) of CNRS/INSU, CNES, INC/INP, CEA, ANR-16-CE31-0005,e-PYTHEAS,Etude des hydrocarbures en émission et absorption dasn les exoplanètes à haute température(2016), and ANR-20-CE31-0014,FULLDIBS,Signatures infrarouges du C60 et de ses dérivés en phase gazeuse(2020)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Aerospace Engineering, Molecular physics
Abstract

International audience; Creating a supersonic jet in the laboratory is both a challenging and an expensive task. The supersonic flow is sensitive to the shape of the wall bounding it because a shock could be developed at the sharp edges. Moreover, the growth of boundary layer, within and outside the nozzle, makes the design of a convergent-divergent nozzle a sophisticated work. The present work proposes an optimization algorithm that is believed to be efficient in constructing a nozzle contour to deliver a shock-free radially uniform flow at the exit plane. The steepest descent optimization technique is employed to obtain the shape with minimum radial velocity at the outlet, along with restriction on the inlet angle, i.e., the angle of divergence immediately downstream the throat. Three different ways of implementing the constraints are discussed and compared with the experimental results after fabricating the nozzle. The optimized nozzle shows a potential core of 7 throat diameters height at the nozzle exit and an axial extent of 28 throat diameters downstream the exit plane. Further, the nozzle appears to operate efficiently even after increasing the nominal total temperature by 25% or decreasing it by 50%.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Bio-Numerical Analysis of the Human Ankle-Foot Model Corresponding to Neutral Standing Condition

Author

A Alhussein, A Nazha, Hasan Nazha, M Daoud, Ayham Darwich, Biomécanique et génie biomédical (BIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tartous University, Faculté des Sciences [Damascus], Université de Damas = Damascus University, Institut de recherche technologique Matériaux Métallurgie et Procédés (IRT M2P), Laboratoire des Systèmes Mécaniques et d'Ingénierie Simultanée (LASMIS), Institut Charles Delaunay (ICD), and Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Reverse engineering, lcsh:Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, Computer science, 020209 energy, lcsh:R895-920, 0206 medical engineering, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, Stress (mechanics), DICOM, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, Methods, Stress Distribution, von Mises yield criterion, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Foot (prosody), Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, Foot, Numerical analysis, Structural engineering, 020601 biomedical engineering, Finite element method, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neutral Standing, Original Article, Ankle, business, computer
Abstract

Background: The foot is the most complex body’s structure; it is highly susceptible to disorders because of its loading pattern. The complexity of the foot structure geometry implies the use of reverse engineering tools to obtain a model that can accurately mimic the biomechanical behavior of the foot. Objective: The objective of this study is to establish a state-of-the-art ankle-foot finite element (FE) model with anatomically realistic geometry and structure in order to get the model that will suit all cases for future studies on stress injuries and foot insole designs under different loading conditions.Material and Methods: In this analytical study, tomography images were imported in DICOM format, after that, the object was exported in the form of three-dimensional structures in STL file format to define and assemble the structures. After that, the computer simulation on numerical model was done. One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed, and a threshold (pResults: The results showed no significant differences (P>0.05) between the values of the plantar pressure corresponding to neutral standing condition with other foot models in literature. The stresses transferred to the bone structure show that the relatively higher stress was located in the fifth, fourth and third tarsometatarsal, where the maximum von Mises stress in the bone structure was 2155.4 kPa. Conclusion: The state-of-the-art ankle-foot FE model with anatomically realistic geometry and structure will be very helpful for future studies on stress injuries and foot insole designs under different loading conditions.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. GhERF-IIb3 regulates the accumulation of jasmonate and leads to enhanced cotton resistance to blight disease

Author

Jean-Luc, Cacas, Martial, Pré, Maxime, Pizot, Maimouna, Cissoko, Issa, Diedhiou, Aida, Jalloul, Patrick, Doumas, Michel, Nicole, Antony, Champion, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), UMR - Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement (UMR IPME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), LMI Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux [Dakar] (LAPSE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Damascus University, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Damas = Damascus University, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
Gossypium, Cyclopentanes, Original Articles, cotton, jasmonate, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum, ERF transcription factor, Plant Growth Regulators, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, defense response, Oxylipins, Disease Resistance, Plant Diseases, Plant Proteins, Transcription Factors
Abstract

International audience; The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives, collectively referred to as jasmonates, regulate many developmental processes, but are also involved in response to numerous abiotic/biotic stresses. Thus far, powerful reverse genetic strategies employing perception, signaling or biosynthesis mutants have broadly contributed to our understanding of JA implication in plant stress response and development; so did the chemical gain-of-function approach based on exogenous application of the hormone. However, there is currently no method that allows for in planta tightly controlled JA production. Investigating the control of the JA synthesis pathway in bacteria-infected cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants, we identified a transcription factor (TF), namely GhERF-IIb3, that could act as positive regulator of the JA pathway. Expression of this well-conserved TF in cotton leaves was sufficient to bring about in situ JA accumulation at physiological concentrations associated with enhanced cotton defense response to bacterial infection.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Onset of Spinal Cord Astrocyte Precursor Emigration from the Ventricular Zone Involves the Zeb1 Transcription Factor

Author

Douglas S. Darling, David Ohayon, C. Claus Stolt, Tsuyoshi Takagi, Alexandre Pattyn, Alain Garces, William D. Richardson, Yujiro Higashi, Chadi Soukkarieh, Willy Joly, Eric Agius, Jean-Charles Sabourin, Patrick Carroll, Jean-Philippe Hugnot, Pascal de Santa Barbara, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Faculté des Sciences [Damascus], Damascus University, Centre du service humain Aichi, Physiopathologie et thérapie des déficits sensoriels et moteurs, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-IFR76-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de biologie du développement (CBD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Louisville, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Erlangen-Nürnberg, Université College London, Saarland University [Saarbrücken], Développement et évolution du système nerveux (DESN), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MORNET, Dominique, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Damas = Damascus University, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Aging, cell migration, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Regulator, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, White matter, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, astrocyte, Cell Movement, medicine, Animals, Zeb2, Progenitor cell, lcsh:QH301-705.5, development, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Body Patterning, Zeb1, GFAP, Stem Cells, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1, spinal cord, Cell Differentiation, Embryo, Mammalian, Spinal cord, Cell biology, Neuroepithelial cell, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Cadherin-1, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, lcsh:Biology (General), Astrocytes, Mutation, Immunology, Ventricular zone, oligodendrocyte, Astrocyte, Sox9
Abstract

SummaryDuring spinal cord development, astrocyte precursors arise from neuroepithelial progenitors, delaminate from the ventricular zone, and migrate toward their final locations where they differentiate. Although the mechanisms underlying their early specification and late differentiation are being deciphered, less is known about the temporal control of their migration. Here, we show that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulator Zeb1 is expressed in glial precursors and report that loss of Zeb1 function specifically delays the onset of astrocyte precursor delamination from the ventricular zone, correlating with transient deregulation of the adhesion protein Cadherin-1. Consequently, astrocyte precursor invasion into the Zeb1−/− mutant white matter is delayed, and induction of their differentiation is postponed. These findings illustrate how fine regulation of adhesive properties influences the onset of neural precursor migration and further support the notion that duration of exposure of migrating astrocyte precursors to environmental cues and/or their correct positioning influence the timing of their differentiation.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Anatomical basis of the coordination between smooth and striated urethral and anal sphincters: loops of regulation between inferior hypogastric plexus and pudendal nerve. Immuno-histological study with 3D reconstruction

Author

Martin M. Bertrand, J. Ripoche, Michel Prudhomme, Christian Brunet, Pascal Adalian, Bayan Alsaid, Stéphane Droupy, Gérard Benoit, Marie-Dominique Piercecchi-Marti, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Université de Damas = Damascus University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Service de Chirurgie générale et digestive [CHU Le Kremlin-Bicêtre], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée (LBA UMR T24), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Hôpital Nord [CHU - APHM], Damascus University, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INTERACTIONS CELLULAIRES EN URO ANDROLOGIE, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Greffe de Moelle (LGM), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Pudendal nerve, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, 030232 urology & nephrology, Anal Canal, ANAL SPHINCTER, Sensory system, Efferent Pathways, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, URINARY SPHINCTER, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Fetus, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Urethra, INFERIOR HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS, Afferent, VISCERES, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, Anatomical dissection, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Pelvis, Hypogastric Plexus, business.industry, Urethral sphincter, Anatomy, Pudendal Nerve, medicine.anatomical_structure, CHIRURGIE, Surgery, Female, 030101 anatomy & morphology, business, Anal sphincter
Abstract

PURPOSE: (1) Describe both nervous pathways to the sphincters, and highlight the anatomical support of their coordination. (2) Obtain a 3D representation of this complex innervation system. METHODS: A computer-assisted anatomical dissection technique was used. Serial histological sections were cut in the pelvis of four female human foetuses (aged 19-32weeks of gestation). The sections were treated with conventional staining, and with seven different immunostainings. The sections were digitalized and, finally, a 3D representation was built from the corresponding images. RESULTS: Myelinated and sensory fibres were detected at the inferior hypogastric plexus (IHP) level. Our analysis showed that most of the afferent sensory fibres come from the urinary and anal sphincters through the anterior and posterior branches of the IHP respectively. A highly positive nitrergic (anti-NOS1) and sensitive (anti-CGRP) labelling was found in the external layer of the urethral sphincter. The 3D representation allowed describing the two components of the innervation system. A sensory-motor regulation loop was found for both sphincters. CONCLUSION: A 3D description of the components of both nervous pathways to the sphincters has been established. Our findings on the innervation of the sphincters tend to question the classical infra/supra levatorian muscle description. The coordinated work of the internal and external layers of the anal and urethral sphincter is probably mediated by multiple roles regulation.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Origin and recharge mechanisms of groundwater in the upper part of the Awaj River (Syria) based on hydrochemistry and environmental isotope techniques

Author

Nazeer Asmael, Emilie Garel, P. Le Coustumer, Hélène Celle-Jeanton, Alain Dupuy, Frédéric Huneau, S. Hamid, Géoressources et environnement, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM), Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoressources & Environnement (ENSEGID), ENSEGID, Université de Damas = Damascus University, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Damascus

Subjects
Hydrology, geography, Hydrogeology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Groundwater flow, Water table, Geochemistry, Aquifer, Groundwater recharge, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Groundwater pollution, Depression-focused recharge, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Geology, Groundwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science
Abstract

The Barada and Awaj basin is the most important and extensively used water basin in Syria. Chemical and isotopic data of groundwater have been used to determine the spatial distribution of hydrogeological features in the upper part of Awaj River catchment area located southwest of this basin. Hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater reveals the domination of dissolution/precipitation mechanisms in these very complex stratigraphic sequences. The dissolution of carbonate rocks as well as reverse cation exchange processes seem to be the main factors controlling groundwater mineralization. The isotopic composition of precipitation and groundwater indicate that the modern-day atmospheric precipitation is the main source of groundwater recharge before an important evaporation occurred. The isotopic data also imply an existence of hydraulic connection between the different aquifers system. The results obtained allowed us to delineate two main spatial groundwater zones within the study area with different flow components. The south, central and eastern parts are considered to be one zone which is characterised by a shallow horizontal flow associated with active interaction between groundwater and hosting rocks. The nitrate concentrations in this zone are attributed to anthropogenic sources. The second zone consists in south-western, western and north-western parts where the karstic features are well developed mainly in the Jurassic strata. This zone is characterized by a high vulnerability to pollution confirmed by high values of nitrate coming from sewage water. The deep vertical groundwater flow component seems to be dominant in this zone and is controlled by fractures and geological structures.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Metamorphic angrite Northwest Africa 3164/5167 compared to magmatic angrites

Author

Bashar Baghdadi, Jean-Alix Barrat, Albert Jambon, Université de Damas = Damascus University, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Damascus University

Subjects
Incompatible element, Olivine, Rare-earth element, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Anorthite, 01 natural sciences, Parent body, Kamacite, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0103 physical sciences, engineering, Plagioclase, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Volatiles, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Northwest Africa (NWA) 3164 and 5167 are two angrites with a granulitic texture unlike that of other angrites, with a variable, up to millimeter grain size. Besides mineralogical and chemical similarities to other angrites, NWA 3164 and 5167 exhibit unique characteristics. Ca-rich olivine dominates (in NWA 3164: ∼49 vol%, Fo57; NWA 5167: 40 vol%, Fo59). Fassaitic clinopyroxene is the second major phase (in NWA 3164: 29 vol%; in NWA 5167: 36 vol%) with a significant Tschermak component. In addition, two Al-rich phases are present: plagioclase An99 and hercynitic spinel (∼6 and ∼7 vol% respectively for NWA 3164; 17 and 4 vol% respectively for NWA 5167). Heavily weathered iron sulfide and kamacite, (9 wt% in NWA 3164; 4 wt% in NWA 5167) are the remaining minor phases, a unique feature among angrites. All mineral phases are homogeneous. Like other angrites, NWA 3164 and 5167 exhibit a superchondritic Ca/Al ratio, with negligible amounts of alkalis and very low silica content. The presence of metal results from the incorporation of exogenous iron following impact. Subsequent annealing resulted in the observed granulitic texture. Major element composition indicates that both NWA 3164 and 5167 are derived from a picritic angrite precursor after incorporation of metal and annealing. After correction for iron and Fo90 olivine incorporation, bulk rock REE abundances of both NWA 3164 and NWA 5167 appear lower than those of quenched angrites, showing the lowest absolute abundances among angrites. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of clinopyroxene, olivine and anorthite indicate that difference of Rare Earth Element (REE) abundances between NWA 3164 and NWA 5167 can be explained by adding traces of phosphate to NWA 3164. NWA 3164/5167 trace elements abundances are similar, showing depletion in volatile elements and enrichment in refractory lithophile elements such as Ca, Ti, and Al. The most incompatible elements are depleted as well, unlike other angrites. This indicates that the source of these younger angrites was more depleted in incompatible elements when compared to the older magmatic angrites. The low Hf/W is understood as the result of exogenous iron incorporation and therefore the Hf/W and W isotopic heterogeneity of the angrite parent body (APB) mantle is secondary. Comparison with other angrites suggests that iron incorporation may be necessary to explain their low Hf/W and W isotopic compositions.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Application of an inverse neural network model for the identification of optimal amendment to reduce Copper toxicity in phytoremediated contaminated soils

Author

Mikael Motelica-Heino, Nour Hattab, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), Laboratory of Soil Science, Université de Damas = Damascus University, BIOGECO, European Project: 266124,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2010-4,GREENLAND(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), University of Damascus, and Université de Tours

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Amendment, Inverse, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Artificial neural networks (ANN), Soil contamination, Geochemistry and Petrology, Soil pH, Dissolved organic carbon, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Artificial neural network, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Inverse problem, 6. Clean water, Inverse modeling, Phytoremediation, Environmental chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Economic Geology, Biological system, Copper, Amendment optimization
Abstract

International audience; Artificial neural network ANN prediction approaches applied to the modeling of soil behavior are often solved in the forward direction, by measuring the response of the soil (outputs) to a given set of soil inputs. Conversely, one may be interested in the assessment of a given set of soil inputs that leads to given (target) soil outputs. This is the inverse of the former problem. In this study, we develop and test an inverse artificial neural network model for the prediction of the optimal soil treatment to reduce copper (Cu) toxicity assessed by a given target concentration of Cu in dwarf bean leaves (BL) from selected soil inputs. In this study the inputs are the soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and a given target toxicity value of Cu, whereas the output is the best treatment to reduce the given toxicity level. It is shown that the proposed method can successfully identify the best soil treatment from the soil properties (inputs). Two important challenges for optimal treatment prediction using neural networks are the non-uniqueness of the solution of the inverse problem and the inaccuracies in the measurement of the soil properties (inputs). It is shown that the neural network prediction model proposed can overcome both these challenges. It is also shown that the proposed inverse neural network method can potentially be applied with a high level of success to the phytoremediation of contaminated soils. Before large-scale application, further validation is needed by performing several experiments and investigations including additional factors and their combinations to capture the complex soil behavior.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Hydrochemistry to delineate groundwater flow conditions in the Mogher Al Mer area (Damascus Basin, Southwestern Syria)

Author

P. Le Coustumer, Emilie Garel, Frédéric Huneau, Hélène Celle-Jeanton, Alain Dupuy, Nazeer Asmael, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences [Syria], University of Damascus, Géoressources et environnement, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Laboratoire d'Hydrogéologie, Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Damas = Damascus University, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Irrigation, Groundwater flow, 0207 environmental engineering, Soil Science, Aquifer, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Structural basin, 01 natural sciences, Environmental Chemistry, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 020701 environmental engineering, Groundwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Hydrology, Global and Planetary Change, geography, Hydrogeology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Syria, Hydrochemistry, Geology, Groundwater recharge, Pollution, Arid, Arid region, 6. Clean water
Abstract

International audience; The hydrochemistry of groundwater from the Mogher Al Mer area, located in southwestern Syria, has been used as a tool to identify and assess the hydrogeological systems and associated conditions. In this arid region of Syria, groundwater is considered as the main source of water supply for both drinking and irrigation purposes. The detailed description of hydrogeochemical conditions, including major ions, physico-chemical and in situ field parameters, has underlined the very complex variability of the stratigraphic sequences and hence the numerous hydrogeological units within the study area. On the one hand, groundwater chemical signature is found to be mainly controlled by the water–rock interaction processes in the mountainous western part of the study area. On the other hand, anthropogenic influences are observed in the eastern plain. In terms of recharge mechanisms, the region can be considered as a part of a main intermediate or even regional flow system instead of a local one.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Predation potency and intraguild interactions between generalist (Forficula auricularia) and specialist (Episyrphus balteatus) predators of the rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea)

Author

Yvan Capowiez, Benoît Sauphanor, Hazem Dib, Marie Jamont, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Damas = Damascus University, Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, University of Damascus, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Auricularia, voracity, syrphid, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Zoology, biological control, Biology, Generalist and specialist species, entomology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Forficula auricularia, Botany, Predator, Aphid, temperature, biology.organism_classification, 010602 entomology, aphid, Insect Science, Episyrphus balteatus, earwig, biotechnology and applied microbiology, Instar, Agronomy and Crop Science, competition
Abstract

Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; International audience; To evaluate whether aphid antagonists are suitable targets for biological approaches to control aphid populations, their voracity and intraguild interactions must first be elucidated. The aim of this laboratory study was to compare two predators of the rosy apple aphid (RAA) Dysaphis plantaginea: the generalist Forficula auricularia and the specialist Episyrphus balteatus. Predation by 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of E. balteatus and 3rd and 4th instar nymphs of F. auricularia was evaluated individually and in combination for 24 h in Petri dishes. Five different densities (25, 50, 75, 100 and 200) of 1st or 3rd instar nymphs of RAA were incubated at three different temperatures (15, 20 and 25 °C). Overall, the older life-stages of both predator species were more voracious than younger individuals. The two predator species did not negatively interact. Instead, when the RAA density was not limiting they had an additive effect. Although the predators consumed significantly higher numbers of RAA when the younger life-stages were offered, they fed more efficiently on the older life-stages of RAA with consumption of 1.8- to 2.7-fold higher biomass. In general, the most RAA were consumed at 20 °C. Syrphids consumed more RAA at 15 °C than at 25 °C whereas earwigs consumed slightly more aphids at 25 °C than at 15 °C. Overall, the two predators consumed a constant proportion of RAA at the first four RAA densities until reaching satiation. This finding suggests that in theory they would be effective in regulating RAA numbers in early spring when field RAA populations are beginning to build up. The potency of both predators, alone or in combination, should now be tested for augmentative approaches in semi-field and field studies

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Middle Palaeolithic bitumen use at Umm el Tlel around 70 000 BP

Author

Dan Jarvie, Hélène Valladas, Eric Boëda, S. Bonilauri, Sultan Muhesen, Mark Tobey, Heba Al Sakhel, Norbert Mercier, Jacques Connan, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Worldwide Geochemistry, LLC, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Encana Oil & Gas, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Musée National de Damas, Ministère de la Culture, Direction générale des Antiquités et des Musées, Université de Damas, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Damas = Damascus University, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Near East, Archeology, hafting, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, micro-traces, General Arts and Humanities, microscopic techniques, Mousterian, Hafting, Archaeology, Natural (archaeology), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, absolute dating, Absolute dating, Asphalt, geochemical analysis, stable isotope, Geology, Djebel Bichri, bitumen
Abstract

The authors identify natural bitumen on stone implements dating to 70 000 BP. It is proposed that this represents residue from hafting, taking the practice back a further 30 000 years from the date previously noted and published in Nature. The bitumen was tracked to a source 40km away, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and carbon isotopes.

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Petrological and geochemical constraints on the composition of the lithospheric mantle beneath the Syrian rift, northern part of the Arabian plate

Author

Bertrand Moine, Muhammad Marwan Ismail, Jean-Yves Cottin, Michel Grégoire, A. Bilal, Guillaume Delpech, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface (IDES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique terrestre et planétaire (DTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Géologie, Université de Damas, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Damas = Damascus University

Subjects
Rift, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Ocean Engineering, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Lithospheric mantle, 13. Climate action, Hotspot (geology), Petrology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

International audience

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Shot-noise detection of ultrasound-tagged photons in ultrasound-modulated optical imaging

Author

Mohamed Al-Koussa, Philippe Goy, Michel Gross, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Lhomond)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departement of Physics, Damascus University, Université de Damas = Damascus University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Speckle pattern, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Optical tomography, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], medicine.diagnostic_test, Spatial filter, business.industry, Shot noise, OCIS: 170.1650, 170.3660, 290.7050, 090.0090, 170.7050, Speckle noise, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Noise, Ultrasound-modulated optical tomography, Speckle imaging, 0210 nano-technology, business, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

International audience; We propose a new detection method for ultrasound-modulated optical tomography that allows us to perform parallel speckle detection with optimum shot-noise sensitivity, using a CCD camera. Moreover, we show that making use of a spatial filter system allows us to fully filter out speckle decorrelation noise. This method is confirmed by a test experiment

Published
2003

14. Citadelle de Damas. Zone 5.1. Fouille du secteur 1E. rapport de synthèse 2002

Author

Tréglia, Jean-Christophe, Al Qâdi, Amjad, Laboratoire d'archéologie médiévale méditerranéenne (LAMM), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Damas = Damascus University, Institut Français d'Etudes Arabes de Damas, France, Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, and A. Al Qâdi (Université de Damas)

Subjects
citadelle de Damas, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Archéologie du bâti, Syrie, architecture islamique
Abstract

Résultats de la Mission archéologique franco-syrienne "Citadelle de Damas" sous la direction de S. Berthier et E. El-Ajji. Direction Générale des Antiquités et des Musées de Syrie / Institut Français d'Etudes Arabes de Damas et le Ministère des Affaires Etrangères.

Published
2002

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results