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The article discusses the controversy over the use of horsemeat in beef burgers in 2013. Topics discussed include the reluctance of British consumers to invest their money in high-quality food products, reasons for the poor state of the British diet including people's loss of connection with local food, adulteration of food with other substances and intensive agriculture and other food scandals involving low-quality, diseased and adulterated food and drink.

The article focuses on the preservation of threatened species and landscapes, along with ways in which nature and culture, the environment and the society interact. It states that romantic poets and painters in the late 18th century, such as William Wordsworth, have reacted against the rationality of science and industrialization and celebrated wild landscapes for their untamed nature. Furthermore, the idea of National Parks that was proposed by John Muir is discussed. INSETS: Courses and careers;Further reading;Key points.

The article focuses on the interaction between people and their environment in Bangladesh. Arsenic has been identified in the drinking water of more than 30 million people in the country. Medical geography has implications for the sustainability of resource exploitation. OCR (B), module 2692, Issues in Sustainable Development includes fresh water supplies and pollution and quality of life.

The article offers information on political geography and the geography of conflict and looks at the various themes that have emerged from them. Political geography is an area of study that has surfaced in recent years which looks at geographical concepts such as space, place and territory in terms of politics, power and policy. Various themes include electoral geography, boundaries and territory, conflict and violence, and the war on terror.

The article previews several web sites that offer material about rivers for university geography degree courses including www.tinyurl.com, www.fgmorph.com and http://www.ukflood.co.uk.

The article offers information on the concepts of migration given by several introductory websites. It says that the escape of people from conflict zones can lead to internal displacement. It adds that the complex mix of personal and societal reasons is one of the causes of migration in reality. Moreover, Middle East has the highest percentages of migrants who are working in growing economies, while the proportion in Qatar is 87% of its population.

The article offers information on the issues related to the damage caused by earthquakes. It adds that these earthquakes arise mainly due to seismic shaking that causes buildings to collapse and triggers landslides. It also mentions of the devastating oceanic tsunamis that takes place due to the shaking of seabed.

The article offers information related to human health issues. It states that tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most worrying diseases which are passed on by human-human contact. It says that the infectious diseases are correlated with the consumption of tobacco, food, and drink. It mentions that Africa suffers from the widespread problem of malnutrition in children.

The article presents updates related to environmental aspects of rural geography. It notes that pressure upon fragile rural resources has resulted from employment and prosperity provided by increased support for tourism and farm income. It states that public education on native plants and animals has been sought by advocates of sustainable tourism. It mentions that environmental degradation due to tourists can be prevented by the familiarization of ecological carrying capacity.

The article offers information on the materials available for researching the social geography of crime. The author mentions the website of the National Statistics of Great Britain which contains data on crimes such as violence, harassment, and burglary. He talks about digital maps integrated in third generation (3G) mobile phones with built-in global positioning systems (GPS) for crime mapping. He notes about spatial criminology which focuses on incidents associated with a specific location.

The article focuses on the need for geographers to understand the clusters of hazardous events in Japan such as tsunami, earthquake, and nuclear reactor, in looking at the risks that goes with them. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) website located at www.earthquake.usgs.gov contains precise scientific information on earthquakes. Also, the destructive power of tsunami reminds one that even a settlement protected with embankments or sea walls become helpless in the face of a great magnitude.

The article discusses political separatism in the world. It says that motive for separation could be the unravelling of old compromises that do not fit present realities, citing Belgium and Czechoslovakia as examples. It states that the modern concept of the nation state's sovereignty comes from the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia. In Great Britain, it mentions that the Welsh Assembly and Scottish Parliament are evidence of the power of nationalist ideas.

The article presents online updates related to climatic hazards. It notes that aside from the worst flooding experienced by Pakistan for 80 years, it also had the fourth highest temperature ever recorded, 53.7°C. It says that while climatic hazards vary across places and through time, it is also because people's responsiveness to risk and recover from disaster varies from place to place. It tells that Pakistani government was reprimanded with its inability to address such disaster.

The article focuses on rebranding wherein places are given a new image to use in advertising them to the broader world. It says that rebranding aims to recognize and promote the uniqueness of places through stories, images, logos, programs and events. It states that big sports events such as the Olympics or the football World Cup are believed to be good opportunities for rebranding and mentions that culture has been the focus of rebranding.

The article offers information related to superpower geographies which hold power and territorial dominion. It states that the difficulties faced by intergovernmental organizations must be discussed at major conferences to seek for alternatives in order to comprehend the instability of power and self-interest which affect international relations. Furthermore, it says that China's economic growth has made it a major participating nation in international forums such as the United Nations.

The article offers information on several online population resources that would help improve the study of demographic changes in the world. It says that the U.S. Census Bureau website explains how the estimated 6,791,663,543 world population grew, while demographic terms that are essential materials can be accessed in the Population Reference Bureau. It adds that information on migration which is also critical in population geography can be accessed at the Virtual Library on Migration website.

The article offers the author's insights on floods. He asks whether increasing river floods such as those in Severn Valley and Hull in England could be the result of climate change. He notes that researchers must use oral histories and diaries from amateur scientists in the 19th century to make accurate flood models that help mapping of areas at risk. He mentions that the devastation from the Hurricane Katrina came from the flooding of New Orleans and not from the winds.

The article presents the author's insights on the importance of understanding environment and society in geography. He discusses some examples to show the significance of integrated geography, such as climate change and the changes made by humans on nature. He claims that scientists rightly dominate the issue on climate change, but geographers show the consequences and potentials of the condition. He also cites the city of Venice, Italy to examine the role of human in the make-over of nature.

The article offers information on banana world trade. It states that the world trading of banana began in the 1870s which had a curiosity value at first. It notes that Panama's agricultural production export is 50 percent banana. Banana chain is defined as the term used to describe the production, transport, and sale of the fruit. Moreover, Cavendish is the variety most commonly sold on supermarkets which is more resistant to diseases such as black sigatoka.

The article reviews several web sites including the Geography of Sustainable Tourism located at www.tourismgeography.com/resource.aspx from International Geographical Union's Study Group, Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education located at www.heacademy.ac.uk/johlste/, and the John Beech's Leisure Information Gateway located at www.stile.coventry.ac.uk/cbs/staff/beech/leisure/index.htm.

The article focuses on the cuisines from other countries that people eat in Great Britain. It states that Great Britain has been receptive to exotic cuisines, and the sourcing of raw food materials from other countries since the 1950s meant that the globalization of British diet has been longer than any other country. It notes, however, that the food in exotic restaurants has only little resemblance to authentic dishes because mass catering required simplification of cooking methods.

The article reviews several web sites including www.pollution.com, www.airquality.co.uk., and www.environment-agency.gov.uk.

The article reviews several web sites concerning information on petroluem products including www.eia.doe.gov/, www.peakoil.net/ and www.energybulletin.net/node/281.

The author reflects on the negative impacts of human on environment. He argues that people do not learn from previous and historical hazards and tragedies caused by environmental damage. He suggests people to look back and realize what they can do to reduce catastrophes due to environment destruction.

The article focuses on the relation of deforestation to climate change. It highlights the data on deforestation, and the studies on regional and local variations given in the web sites of several science and environmental societies. Moreover, an explanation of the causes and impacts of deforestation is presented. The author adds suggestions to prevent deforestation which include joining a campaign against it or changing diet to eliminate foods grown on land that has been cleared.

The author reflects on the problem on undernutrition and malnutrition. He argues on the increasing awareness of food scares, ethical sourcing, and environmental sustainability. He also explains the risks from micronutrients deficiency, epidemic obesity in Great Britain and the problem of unavailability of healthy foods in other areas. Moreover, the author concludes that food geographies deserves more attention in every aspect.

The article presents a debate on the issue of genetically modified organisms. The main crops that have been genetically modified include cotton, soya, maize and oilseed grape, and to a lesser extent tomatoes, rice and wheat. The article highlights the arguments for and against genetically modified organisms.

The article reports on the introduction of a new syllabus for AS and A2 geography in Great Britain. Unit 1, Global challenges, provides a blend of human and physical geography in its emphasis on hazard and risk and globalization. Unit 3 examines the idea of conflict over resources. Unit 2 and 4 are entitled "Geographical investigations," and "Geographical research," respectively.

The article reviews Web sites related to global warming, including The Web sites of the International Panel on Climate Change, the Royal Society and the Meteorological Office of Great Britain.

The article presents several websites that offer various research articles on gender issues in geography. The websites provide information on gender issues in the A-level specifications, as well as the fundamental importance of gendered construction of knowledge and scholarly positionality in the field of geography.

The article discusses on the various forms and physical appearances of limestones and provides a list of web sites. Limestone landscape varieties depends on the types of rock. Limestones are sedimentary carbonates from soft chalk to massive cave and cliff support. Most are permeable to water and susceptible to chemical weathering. Examples of limestone landscapes are the tower karst of Guilin and the stone forest of Kunming in China.

The author reflects on family histories and its relation to geography. He cites his own genealogy from his great grandfather's birth in 1823 in Birmingham to his migration to Liverpool where the his clan stayed. He mentions about the correlation of Y-chromosomes and surnames in locating ancestors such as the Viking heritage in parts of Scotland and Celtic origins of ancient families in Cornwall. The author provides a web site that helps researchers trace their ancestors.

The article reports on the crucial impact of the sea-level change to the low-lying coastal regions in the world. The University of Colorado at Boulder, Colorado has maps of regional trends which reminds people that sea level does not rise or fall uniformly around the world. It is predicted that possible sea-level rise includes beach erosion, saltwater intrusion and floods, loss of coastal wetlands, droughts, and hurricanes if humanity continue on its modern destructive activities.

The article reviews several web sites about landscape, its degradation and management in Great Britain. The web sites include www.english-heritage.org.uk, www.nationalparks.gov.uk and www.environment-agency.gov.uk.

The article discusses the role of technology in improving the visual in geography. The use of PowerPoint software in presentations has encouraged geography specialists to use graphics in their teaching. Geographers can now capture still and video images using their mobile phones with built-in cameras. Other technologies aiding geography are computer-based geographical information systems and satellites.

The article features a discussion on geography portals. A portal or gateway is a website that provides organized subject-based content to smooth the path of specialized searching. Some portals have their own search engines and systems of classifying onward links. The "Social Science Information Gateway" is a rich source of material. It has an advanced search tool and lists the 50 most visited geography sites.

The article reflects on "world music." It elaborates that "world music" covers anything beyond the mainstream of popular music in Europe and North America. It argues that the roots of "world music" as a commercial phenomenon in the UK lie in the 1980s, particularly in the world of music, arts and dance (WOMAD) festivals started by Peter Gabriel, in Paul Simon's "Graceland" album, and in a concerted effort by record labels to use the term "world music" to market their products.

The article presents several web sites which offer information on ice and snow. The National Snow and Ice Data Center's web site addresses the cryosphere and glaciers. The University of Zurich's Geography Department hosts a web site on hazards associated with glaciers. The University of Texas as Austin has an intriguing site that includes material on the ice caps on Mars.

The article features several blog web sites related to geography. It includes www.travelblog.org/ which provides blogs about travel and http://googlemapsmania.blogspot.com which explores cartography and provides different useful links. The web site http://geography.about.com/b/archives.htm has an archives of geography related blogs. These blogs are regularly updated and are useful in providing information on current events.

The article discusses the fierce tropical storms known as hurricanes in the Atlantic. Hurricanes initially form from thunderstorms over the sea in the intertropical convergence zone and weaken rapidly when it reach land. Hurricane Katrina in 2005 was the worst natural disaster in American history and caused 80 to 120 billion U.S. dollars in damage. Names of hurricanes are taken from lists kept by the National Hurricane Center and the World Meteorological Organization.

The article focuses on Web sites of maps, images and geography. The Web sites include www.multimap.com, www.streetmap.co.uk, http://maps.google.com/maps, www.ordnancesurvey.co.ukoswebsite, http://mapmachine.nationalgeographic.com/mapmachine, http://images.google.co.uk and www.georesource.co.uk/indexhp.htm..

The article features several Web search engines that will lead users to online industrial geographies. Among these are the www.scholar.google.com, www.copernic.com, and www.gesource.ac.uk/home.html. The author has stressed that through the use of the right keyword, one may be led correctly to the subject being searched, whether the subject is for deindustrialization, for searching data for the period between 1801 and 2001, and for economic and business geography.

Features several web sites relevant to geography in Great Britain. Manchester Metropolitan University's Atmosphere, Climate and Environment Information Programme web site; Web site of the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia; Philip Lewis' web site at University College London.

Provides online information resources for transportation and the role they assume in sustainable development. Cost of transport; Projections of increase in investment in very mode of transport; Policy initiatives concerning transportation; Air pollution as a consequence of transportation.

Examines semi-arid environments that share some desert-like features but are transitional to other climates, other ecologies and other geomorophological regimes. Human presence in drylands; Outcome of global warming; Sustainability of reclamation techniques.

Examines the role of wind and water in arid geomorphology, an area of physical geography. Use of satellites for Environmental Remote Sensing; Sites that have images of deserts from space; Web sites that offer information about deserts.

Examines the OCR (A) A2 module 2683: Options in Physical and Human Geography, which includes a List A option in Hot Arid and Semi-Arid Environments. Definition of aridity in terms of precipitation; Classifications of deserts; Web sites that offer information about deserts.

Presents online information resources on weathering and mass movement. Availability of landslide images on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Web site; Introduction to landslides on the online information resource of Manchester University; Glossary of mass movement.

Presents several Web site addresses suitable for information research for the coursework unit study entitled "Challenges for Human Environment". Focus on illness and disease on the study option under "Health and Welfare"; Coverage of the online data on maps, geographic information systems, general Web sites and the medical geography of the nineteenth-century cities; Mortality Atlas of Cancer; World Health Organization website; Health Geographics Resources; GEsource.

Features several web sites regarding volcanoes. University of North Dakota site; Volcano Lovers site; Volcano World site; Volcanoes.com.