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A topic of interest to researchers and engineers alike is the potential of using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as a relay base station in cellular communication. The driving factor behind its use is the innovations in wireless communication technologies, in particular the upcoming 5G network. The super-low latency and enormous bandwidth availability in millimeterwave triggers the usefulness of UAV deployment in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET). This paper is a brief experimental review on ray-tracing simulation for a UAV-aided 5G network. The objective of this paper is to assess the usage of UAV in next-generation wireless networks, i.e., deploying UAV as a relay using millimeter-wave concurrently in backhaul and access links. Ray-tracing simulations are used to synthesise the coverage of UAV-aided base station (UAV) in three scenarios; i) UAV elevation, ii) UAV horizontal variation, and iii) UAV base station elevation and horizontal variation-simultaneously. In all three scenarios, the optimum placement of UAV for enhanced User (UE) coverage is spotlighted. In addition, the significance of the amplification factor in the relay path is illustrated. It is believed that the findings reached in this paper are of great value to 5G ad-hoc network planners.

Launching of underwater projectile from submarine is carried out by gas-steam ejection dynamic system. Specific velocity of projectile at water exit is essential for its successful launch. The velocity of projectile depends upon the projectile dimensions, mass and water depth which govern the pressure requirements for gas-steam ejection dynamic system. To investigate the pressure required to launch the projectile under various conditions, a two-dimensional, axisymmetric numerical model was established. The numerical simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent software. Dynamic mesh method was applied to track the motion of projectile combined with a User Defined Function (UDF) to compute the forces exerted on the body of the projectile. To achieve specific exit velocity of projectile for number of cases by varying vehicle mass, nose shape, and water depth simulations were performed and corresponding pressure requirements for each case was determined. Results shows the nonlinearity in pressure requirements with changing different parameters to achieve same exit velocity. In addition, bubble cavity formation in water is analyzed.

Green Project- Based Learning (PBL) is an educational philosophy of creating a constructive learning environment in which students are able to integrate sustainable design into producing innovative green engineering products for their individual final year project by using recyclable materials. The conceive - design - implement - operate (CDIO) and Conventional Taguchi approach were used in the optimization process of the final year project in recycling the recycled materials into valuable items. With a specific end goal to obtain minimal cost, it is worth to discover some alternative approaches in producing new products by recycling. One of the alternatives is by recycling the waste material of plastics and produce it into new products (plaque). The aim of the research is to instill the innovative approach in the individual final year project for mechanical engineering students in Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia. Through this study, not only the optimal process parameters for the process have been obtained, but the student was able to integrate all the knowledge learnt in producing innovative green products. This project is one of an engineering education approach in teaching the students about the resin identification coding which is very essential in the knowledge of converting the recycled plastics into other useful products as well as educating people on recycling the waste materials.

Skin is a multi-layered and complex biological structure, which makes the largest mammalian organ. Its biomechanical behaviour is important in many applications either in medical or engineering field. This sudy aims to simulate human skin deformation based on the information and comparing the biomechanical parameter with experimental procedure developed earlier. The experimental protocol to measure the skin parameters has been conducted successful earlier; and the current study attempts to quantifying the biomechanical properties of human skin using 3D Numerical Approach. Finite element (FE) models were developed using computer aided engineering software to simulate skin deformation. The methodology begins with developing the 3D geometry model of skin using ANSYS. Then, load and boundary condition were applied according to the data and information obtained from the experimental work. Finally, simulations are performed to generate data and results for further analysis and interpretation. The results are found to match available data from literatures. It could be concluded that biomechanical approach could be used in science and medical skin technology to simulate and estimate the natural behaviour of skin and to observe the actual interaction between skin and other materials.