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As an important part of emergency response, the post-disaster emergency resource allocation is essential for mitigating disaster losses. To realize the effective allocation of relief materials and the reasonable selection of transportation routes, a multi-objective resource allocation model is proposed, considering the characteristics of uncertainty and persistence during rescue process. Furthermore, the multi-objective cellular genetic algorithm (MOCGA) is developed to solve the model by introducing the auxiliary population and neighborhood structure in the cellular automata. Finally, the comparison experiment proves that the overall performance of MOCGA is satisfactory compared with non-dominated multi-objective whale optimization algorithm (NSMOWOA), non-dominated multi-objective grey wolf optimizer (NSMOGWO) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) in the pareto front (PF), the hypervolume, the average value of objective function, and the PF ratio. Results show that MOCGA can solve the multi-objective dynamic emergency resource allocation model well, and can provide decision-makers with more excellent and diverse candidate rescue schemes than other algorithms. Besides, by analyzing the rescue schemes, this paper also provides a theoretical rescue scheme for decision-makers' scientific decisions.

Creating an effective and efficient distribution plan is a considerable challenge owing to urgency, incomplete information, and surging demands. In this study, a planning method based on a sliding time window series is designed to solve the problem of drug distribution in earthquake responses. First, this study presents a method designed to generate a series of sliding time windows considering time-varying demands. Second, a method is proposed to determine the effectiveness of the drug distribution plan according to its evaluation standards. Third, a dynamic planning model is established considering the sliding time window series and group information updates. Fourth, a simulation study is conducted to test the models and algorithms. Simulation results show that specific drug distribution plans should be provided to emergency planners in the event of an earthquake. The sliding time window series and group information updates are key factors in creating an effective drug distribution plan as part of an earthquake response.

Emergency supplies transportation is a key issue during the epidemic period of COVID-19. Considering the potential of high-speed passenger trains to carry time-sensitive goods, this paper studies the transport scheme design problem for emergency transportation to meet the demand in time limit. To address this problem, we develop a multi-commodity flow model based on feasible paths in a space-time network structure. And a modelling method is proposed for $k$ shortest paths generation. The proposed models consider the timeliness of emergency logistics and the characteristic of railway freight transportation. A numerical example is given to test this method. Results show that the model and method are effective and efficient.

The paper propose an equilibrium decision-making method for the emergency relief medicine distribution during an earthquake response by considering demand uncertainty. The proposed method objects to minimize transport time, as well as distribution equity of each affected area. Besides, this model also consider the equilibrium between wrong decision risk and late decision risk. Then, simulation research is carried out in this paper. Results shows that the proposed model can generate proper distribution plan by inputting relative data.

Emergency logistics network design is extremely important when responding to an unexpected epidemic pandemic. In this study, we propose an improved location-allocation model with an emphasis on maximizing the emergency service level (ESL). We formulate the problem to be a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model (MINLP) and develop an effective algorithm to solve the model. The numerical test shows that our model can provide tangible recommendations for controlling an unexpected epidemic.

Emergency logistics is one of the most important measures to solve disastrous accident. Studying on the implement of emergency logistics project has a significant role in supporting emergency rescue system. Therefore, it is necessary to analysis and plan on emergency logistics project in order to support the emergency rescue system. This paper focuses on current flaws of emergency logistics, introducing Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT) stochastic network analysis, building a GERT model for logistics distribution. This model comes from a systematic perspective, proving solutions to possible accident during emergency transportation of goods and materials in order to improve efficiency and speed in actual rescue. This model's calculation was based on Moment Generating Function and Mason formula, depending on probability of success and risk, delivery time, providing a transfer program between logistics node and affected areas to achieve the goal of effectively and quickly to deal with disasters. In this paper, through the analysis of the logistics and distribution routes of a certain place, testing the GERT stochastic networks' validity that can provide a decision-making basis for relevant department.

The emergency logistics scheduling (ELS) is to enable the dispatch of emergency supplies to the victims of disasters timely and effectively, which plays a crucial role in large-scale disaster relief. In this paper, we first design a new multi-objective model that considers both the total unsatisfied time and transportation cost for the ELS problem in large-scale disaster relief (ELSP-LDR), which is on the scenery of multi-disasters and multi-suppliers with several kinds of resources and vehicles. Then, a modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (mNSGA-II) is proposed to search for a variety of optimal emergency scheduling plans for decision-makers. With the intrinsic properties of ELSP-LDR in mind, we design three repair operators to generate improved feasible solutions. Compared with the original NSGA-II, a local search operator is also designed for mNSGA-II, which significantly improves the performance. We conduct two experiments (the case of Chi-Chi earthquake and Great Sichuan Earthquake) to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm.

This paper discusses a multi-depot vehicle routing problem for dispatching vehicles in multi-depots to send relief material to the affected areas in unexpected events. Due to the occurrence of the unexpected events, people's demands in the affected areas and the vehicles' travel times on roads lack historical data and are given by experts' estimations. Uncertain variables are used to describe these parameters. By using uncertainty theory, a multi-depot logistics distribution routing model is developed. To solve the problem, the equivalent of the proposed model is also presented.

In China, natural disasters which are regionalism, diversity, frequency, extensive losses greatly threaten the people's personal safety and property security. However, some circumstances could exist in affected areas, such as shortage and invalid supply of emergency food, competition for materials among people and so forth. In this paper, we study on supply capacity of food emergency logistics, establish a corresponding evaluation index system, and use intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to make a comprehensive evaluation. Then we can put forward a method of testing the supply capacity of food emergency logistics in response to natural disasters. The results help to explore the problems existing in the supplies of emergency food.

Firstly, characteristics of emergency logistics are introduced based on the definition of emergency logistics. Secondly, information demand of emergency logistics is put forward. Thirdly, GPS navigation system and the Beidou navigation system are compared when they are applied in emergency logistics. The comparison shows that Beidou navigation system has three main advantages than GPS navigation system for emergency logistics. They are security, high reliability and bidirectional communication. Lastly, the future development of Beidou in emergency logistics is prospected.

The disaster emergency relief plays a vital role in reducing casualties and economic losses. Emergency logistics scheduling (ELS) aims at dispatching emergency resources to the victims of disasters, which is an important event of disaster relief. In this paper, a model for ELS in disaster relief is built that includes several suppliers with a variety of resources, several kinds of vehicles, and multiple disasters. To ensure timely and effective dispatching, an objective is first designed to minimize the completion time of scheduling and the total unsatisfied time of the whole relief. Then, a multi-agent genetic algorithm (MAGA) is proposed to solve this problem. Four evolutionary operators, namely, the crossover, mutation, self-learning and the effective neighborhood competition operators are designed for agents. The proposed algorithm is applied to the case of Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, and the experimental results show that the performance of this algorithm is better than that of genetic algorithm and memetic algorithm.

Emergency logistics is most important to disaster response operations, and the loss caused by the disaster will be reduced significantly if the logistics is scheduled efficiently. In this paper we investigate an emergency relief logistics scheduling problem with three transportation modes. The first stage is to select the transportation modes available efficiently and coordinately, and the goal of the first stage is to minimize the cost caused by selecting transportation modes for the demand points. The second stage is to determine the transportation and dispatching for relief supplies to each demand point by using the transport modes determined by the first stage. The objective of the second stage is to minimize the unsatisfied demand cost for the demand points. We propose DPSO algorithm and BPSO algorithm to solve two stages respectively. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithms are effective and stability.

This paper describes the concept and characteristics of natural disaster emergency logistics and points out China's three core problems, including emergency resources, information integration analysis and coordinative command. In order to solve the existing problems, a natural disaster emergency logistics rapid rescue system containing information, storage, command and delivery is proposed after deep analysis.

In this paper, we take a full consideration to the location impact factors of emergency logistics center, which is technology, economy, environment and society and so on, based on sorting of the research results on the emergency logistics center location. Then, we build the hybrid multiple attribute index system of emergency logistics center location selection, and put forward the calculation method of a hybrid multiple attribute value transformation, fuzzy comprehensive quantitative and fuzzy information entropy, and established the location selection model of the emergency logistics center based on comprehensive information entropy method. Finally, we specify the model by an example. The results indicate that the method is effective, operability, and innovative.

An emergency logistics system is an important part of a social service system to provide emergency services. This paper designs a multimodal hub-spoke emergency logistics network, a mixed integer mathematic model is proposed to solve hub location problem and spoke allocation problem. Tabu Search algorithm is adopted. The mathematical model proposed in this paper shows a good overall performance in minimizing total cost and time dissatisfaction degrees of demand nodes through simulation verification.

Based on the research on Vehicle Routing Problems (VRP), vehicle scheduling and operating work can be more rational, which consequently reduces the logistical cost on the condition of meeting the timeliness requirement of emergency logistics. In this paper, we give an analysis of the characteristics of VRP in emergency logistics. According to the practical situations of VRP, an improved genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed and applied to a general mathematical model established for VRP in emergency logistics in this paper. Simulation results show that the algorithm is feasible and effective.

Due to the uncertainty of major influential factors in emergency logistics transportation path optimization, this paper intends to describe those uncertain factors, such as the transportation time, the safety factor and the transportation costs, etc. by using trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. And then the paper establishes a multi-objective optimization model according to the previous described decision-making matrix with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The following theoretical derivation and numerical examples prove the feasibility of this suggested model.

Supernetwork theory is a newly tool which is used to study complex network. The quantitative decision-making of emergency logistics can be analyzed by the supernetwork definition which is defined by hypergraph. In order to adjust decisions and improve the overall efficiency, emergency logistics capability should be evaluated according to different stages in emergency logistics activities. Emergency logistics supernetwork model is built based on supernetwork theory, which is composed of three sub-networks, consisting of the organization, information and infrastructure. Four evaluation indicators relating to the emergency logistics supernetwork capability are analyzed, which include time effectiveness, quality, operation and supernetwork structure. Entropy evaluation model of emergency logistics supernetwork capability is built based on entropy theory and the definition of order degree. The methods are discussed for calculating the time effectiveness, quality, operation, supernetwork structure and total order degree. The practicability of the model is proved by the result of the numerical example given.

An emergency plan contains the constraints of resource and time. However, complexity and changeability of emergency environment could influence these constrains, leading to both time and resource lose. Aimed to meet the needs of executive time constraint, a model of plan adjustment for executive exception in emergency logistics distribution is proposed in this paper. Firstly, executive exceptions have been classified and the loss of executive exceptions can be calculated. Then the initial plan, generated by HTN, could be adjusted on the basis of some rules. If the plan cannot be adjusted then the plan should be replanned, in which way the time and resource of replanning can be reduced and total executive time can be under control. Finally, an example of emergency logistics distribution is demonstrated to show the practical applicability of this model.

This paper focused on urgency evaluation of emergency demand in emergency logistics operation. Based on researches on key problems in emergency demand of material in disaster relief operation, an urgency evaluation index system of emergency demand was discussed and analyzed with the idea of information matching between demand and supply. Given the uncertainty, subjectivity and ambiguity of human knowledge in the index system, a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) was applied to accommodate the inherent uncertainty, and the urgency of emergency demand were calculated. Finally, a numerical example illustrating the application of this method to the urgency and ranking of emergency demand in logistic operation was given.

Emergency supplies belong to emergency logistics, and it emphasizes the timeliness of distribution. The distribution scheme of this kind of problem focuses on time. That is to say that we should try to deliver all the supplies to the destination in the shortest time. We brought forward an algorithm of emergency supplies distribution based on network flow. We use the minimum time-consuming of augmented chain and time ratio matrix at the present state to get the distribution scheme and required time. The experiment shows that this algorithm can work out the emergency distribution scheme simply and effectively in a transport system.

This paper proposes a linguistic fuzzy method to evaluate the reliability of emergency logistics system based on incomplete weight information. The proposed methodology involves two mechanisms: (1). Establish the fuzzy comment set about sub-criteria and criteria by linguistics information; (2). Compute the aggregated ratings of the criteria and the emergency logistics system reliability of emergency logistics alternative using the linguistic weighted averaging. Empirical results are given to verify the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

In light of the frequent major natural disasters and emergencies in recent years, emergency logistics support system is not perfect, thus affecting the post-disaster rescue and recovery. Integrating existing social logistics resources to strengthen the construction of emergency logistics guarantee system, establishing a quick response mechanism of its distribution system, improving the laws and regulations and technical standards related to emergency logistics, building a public information platform and enhancing the operational capability etc, are all major issues of modern emergency logistics needed to be considered.

Ant colony algorithm is a kind of novel simulation-biological evolution algorithm. An improved ant colony algorithm was utilized to solve the vehicle routing problem in emergency logistics. Genetic algorithm was utilized to optimize the parameters of ant colony algorithm. The algorithm possesses some characteristics such as strong total researching ability. The experimental results show that the improved ant colony algorithm possesses better optimization quantity and effect than the traditional ant colony algorithm.

Much research in the operations research (OR) community has focused on commercial logistics or supply chain management, but there is another kind of logistics problem, dealing with emergency response, that has not as yet received much attention. In this paper, we present a literature review of emergency logistics in the context of large-scale disasters. First, we identify key characteristics of large-scale disasters and assess their possible challenges to emergency logistics. Second, we analyze and summarize the current literature on how to deal with these challenges. Finally, we discuss existing gaps in relevant research and suggest future research directions.

We can resolve the emergency logistics scheduling problems in two steps. Firstly, determining the shortest path between the save point and the disaster point. Secondly, choosing the optimal transportation solution from the save point to the disaster point. By these two steps, the model based on dynamic optimization of the shortest path method and model based on multi-objective emergency linear programming of multi-rescue could be established. Then, the validity and reference of the models could be sufficiently proved by getting the estimating solution simply, fast and accurately by the inverse method and simplex method respectively, or by using the LINGO, and listing examples.

Location of emergency logistics was strategic issues of Emergency Logistics System construction, the defect of traditional Emergency Logistics facilities model is a single evaluation, which use AHP to evaluate qualitative factors that affect logistics location and regard. AHP and DEA evaluation results as an input. DEA evaluation results act as a final policy recommendation. This method can increase the reliability of location and reduce the complexity of decision-making.

In order to promote the construction and maturing of urban emergency logistics system and minimize the loss of emergencies, I made some survey about some major cities in China. By setting up a comparatively well-developed evaluation methodology of urban emergency logistics system, and using pair analysis to calculate the date we got, ideally we reached quantifiable evaluation answer. Result of the calculation shows the advantages and disadvantages of urban emergency logistics system mentioned above. The evaluation system suggested in this paper possibly solved the problem of assessment, and provide a new angle of developing urban emergency logistics system.

The transportation reliability is a key issue for emergency logistics. Earthquake disasters and secondary disasters with uncertainty may possibly destroy or damage the transportation network. So, forecasting and evaluating the reliability of the transportation network are significant for path selection in emergency logistics management under earthquake disasters. In the study, with possibility theory and GO methodology, the operators are defined, and event success or failure behavior is characterized in the context of possibility measures. Then, the possibility GO methodology, which may forecast the transportation network reliability for emergency logistics under earthquake disasters, is presented considering more actual factors in time of disaster. Finally, a simulation example demonstrates that the proposed method is effective and applicable.

In the emergency response system of public events, emergency evacuation of the road choice is the important part. Based on the characteristics of emergency logistics, analysis of its target, difference and constraint conditions, summary relief supplies under emergency transport restrictions. Design of relief supplies, and reliable transportation and vehicle routing scheduling model. In this way the model is not completely interrupt the search under the premise of the target as a reliable path to evacuate, while reducing the transportation of relief materials to solve the complexity of scheduling problems.

After disasters the emergency logistics distribution path selection problem is the key to the ways to ensure relief work go on wheels. In this article, MAX-MIN ant colony algorithm is used to solve the problem about post-disaster emergency logistics distribution path selection so that the emergency relief supplies will be sending to the disaster area more efficiently. The MAX - MIN ant colony algorithm, which has been proved by simulation, possesses advantage on solving the problem about post-disaster emergency logistics distribution path selection.

In order to promote the constructing and maturing of Emergency logistics information system and improve the response speed to respond to emergencies, I made some survey about some major cities. Setting up a comparatively well-developed evaluation methodology of emergency logistics information system, and use pair analysis to calculate the date we got, ideally quantifiable evaluation answer is reached. Result of the calculation states the advantages and disadvantages of emergency logistics information system mentioned above. The evaluation system suggested above solved the assessment problem, meanwhile, it has significant meaning for developing Emergency logistics information system.

This paper studies synthetic evaluation method of emergency logistics network schemes in the economic, technical and social aspects. The significance of each evaluation index is evaluated by using the expert evaluation system. Through the combination of Analysis Hierarchy Process and Entropy Technology, the AHP-Entropy Decision Model is established to synthetically evaluate the preinstalled emergency logistics network and get the optimized scheme. Finally, the AHP-Entropy Decision Model is applied to certain emergency logistics network as case studies.

The construction of the emergency logistics information system (ELIS) is of great significance to the support capability of the logistics system as a whole, the paper selects ELIS in Guangzhou as the study objective, describes ELIS in Guangzhou, analyzes the problems and reasons existed in the system, and finally proposes to increase funds for construction, accelerate training of professionals and other specific measures.

Emergency logistics in China has been attracted more and more attentions in recent years. However, more efforts should be done since it is still in its infancy. This paper presents a full scope of current development situation of emergency logistics in China. And then, by taking Yushu earthquake as a case study, this paper further offers managerial insights from practice. Finally, the shortcomings of China's emergency logistics are pointed out and further directions are shown.

Emergency logistics information system framework is the key of emergency logistics system construction. Based on the situation of emergency logistics information management and relationship between the internet of things and emergency logistics information problems, this article put forward the construction of emergency logistics information platform based on the internet of things, as well as explains construction strategies about the information system framework.

In this paper, we propose a sequential approach for emergency logistics planning in natural disasters. We establish a dynamic time-dependent nonlinear model, which describes a setting in which commodities are transported from dispatching centers to affected areas with different transportation modes in each emergency response period. Then, we develop a matrix-coding-based genetic algorithm to solve the model. Finally, as a simulation study, we adapt the methodology to the emergency logistics problems faced in the WenChuan Earthquake. Computational results show that the proposed methodology will generate a specific logistics plans. Therefore, emergency planners can gain insights for emergency logistics planning by inputting their own sets of date.

Emergency management plays an important role in our daily life. Improve the construction of the emergency management system, not only to reduce casualties in the crisis, but also to reduce the economic losses caused by crisis. So it is the importance to improve the ability of the emergency management level of handling emergencies and disaster. In this paper, we proposed multi-resource emergency management dispatch model based on searching for related articles and practicing survey, and give the algorithms of the model. Finally we take Ningqiang County for example, and analyze in application of the dispatch model for emergency relief supplies of earthquake occurred in Ningqiang County in 2008, therefore, validate the practicability of the model.

Aiming at the problem being too complex for the present evaluation methods on emergency logistics system, a new method, improved set pair analysis model was used to solve the complicated non-linear relation between the evaluation factors and emergency logistics system level. The model was applied to evaluate emergency logistics system. We will take the disaster of Wenchuan earthquake for instance to illustrate the practicability of this evaluation system. The results of the assessment are in concordance with other evaluation methods. Compared with the other evaluation method, this model is perfect, the evaluating result is more reasonable and its resolving power is higher. Thus, a simple and effective evaluation method is provided for emergency logistics system evaluation.

The main point of dealing with urban emergencies is the provision of emergency materials for rescue and relief, to provide emergency materials in times would restrain the urban emergencies widen and prevent increasing losses. This paper studied on emergency materials scheduling from multi-emergency point combined with the features of emergency materials scheduling, built a multi-emergency point scheduling model of city emergency materials and give the solution. At last, it took Hanzhong, the city of Shaanxi Province as an example to analysis the scheduling plan when the disasters occur in four affected areas at the same time.

This paper addresses the problem of emergency location-allocation in multi-supplier, multi-affected area, multi-relief and multi-vehicle emergency logistics networks. A multi-objective stochastic programming model, which embeds the chance constraints and scenario planning, is proposed to handle the uncertainty of demand, supply and the availability of path. The optimization focuses on minimizing the expected travel time and the proportion of unmet demands, which represent efficiency and fairness respectively. There are also coverage limits for relief suppliers to cover affected areas. The goal programming approach is proposed to solve the multi-objective problem. In the end, computational results based on objective achievement scale indicate the validity of the model and solution.