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In the cracking furnace operation, many process variables involve in the unit, each of which has a particular characteristic and impact to the process. These variables are usually set based on past experience, which lead to inefficient operations such as having a short operating cycle and increasing the probability of severity in the process. Furthermore, frequent process shutdown for decoking furnace with short cycle lengths leads to high operating cost and coil deterioration. In this study, stepwise regression models are developed to determine the relationship between ten input process variables of the cracking furnace and the transfer line exchanger outlet temperature as the output so that key process parameters could be controlled to maintain the desired operating conditions and to predict the outlet temperature three and seven days in advance so that the maintenance schedule for decoking could be planned. By using stepwise regression, the model of process relationship reveals that only eight from ten process variables and their 2nd order interactions best explains the output variable, with the R-squared adjusted of 93.63%. For the 3-day and 7-day ahead prediction models, fewer process variables and their interactions are used to explain the output variable, with MAPE of 4.65% and 1.83% respectively.

In order to solve the problems that transfer efficiency is the lack of quantitative assessment in each direction within the urban rail transit station, the transfer efficiency evaluation index in the station must be confirmed based on the analyses of passenger transfer line in the station and main influencing factors, then dividing the index into the input index and output index according to whether the index can be adjusted. Non-uniform evaluation model of transfer efficiency in each direction in the station is constructed by data envelopment analysis, then the transformation and optimization of model is deduced. The value of each index optimization goals is extracted by the projection computation which less than optimality transfer direction indicators on the effective frontier for providing quantitative decision suggestions which making the improvement of station interior facilities and passenger flow organization better.

An IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) switch based LTB (Linac-To-Booster transfer line) kicker pulser has been satisfactory tested and put for routine operation in TPS (Taiwan Photon Source). The key features of this upgraded pulser, in comparison with the previous thyratron based PFN (Pulse-Forming-Network) pulser, concerning flat-top pulse length, flatness, fall time, pulse-to-pulse stability, and postpulse ripple have been drastically improved under the electric-noisy environment that has encountered at present field experience. The available bunch train for injection into the booster has increased by a factor of 5. This performance upgrade also provides the opportunity for a steady exploration related to booster injection characteristics.

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate a line efficiency improvement at one of the world largest automobile manufacturers in order to meet the desired target of 98 percent from the current efficiency of 97.5 percent. This assembly line consists of ten consecutive transfer lines in the production chain and once any production line is interrupted, all the remaining transfer lines will be ceased due to lack of work and material flow to the subsequent stations. The main reason of line stop is due to line break down i.e. part shortage and unstable productivity of upstream production lines. Thus, in order to mitigate the effect of line breakdown, a buffer between transfer lines is proposed. Therefore, the upper bound approach is employed to determine the optimum number of buffer stocks placed between a pair of these transfer lines. It is found that the buffer stock can increase the overall line efficiency but it still cannot reach a target of 98 percent. Therefore, a slightly cycle time adjustment is utilized at each transfer line and it is found that the final line efficiency can achieve around 98.2 percent which is considered a remarkable achievement.

The MERLIN accelerator being commissioned at AWE in a new Technology Development Centre will provide one of the flash radiographic sources at a joint UK/French facility for hydrodynamic testing in support of the two nations' nuclear deterrents. The ten module Induction Voltage Adder (IVA) has been designed to provide a 60 ns long TerraWatt pulse to drive a Self Magnetic Pinch (SMP) electron beam diode at 7.5 MV. The design work for MERLIN was carried out by L3 Pulse Sciences in San Leandro, California and builds on previous IVA experience in the USA. Prototyping of sub-systems was also carried out by L3 to confirm that the performance and reliability requirements for the overall accelerator can be met. However, it is only now that all the components of the accelerator have been brought together and its overall function can be characterised and compared with predictions. Commissioning of the accelerator has involved setting to work the ancillary systems which provide and control oil, deionised water, sulphur hexafluoride gas, vacuum, control and instrumentation, diagnostics and data acquisition. With these operating satisfactorily testing of the pulsed power systems was able to commence. Commissioning of the pulsed power systems started with a run up of the Marx generator into a resistive load to its operating voltage of 2.5 MV, including characterisation of the trigger systems and the diverter switches. These are intended to short the Marx output after it reaches peak voltage, or if a prefire occurs, in order to reduce the risk of electrical breakdowns. The waveforms produced during factory tests in the US were successfully reproduced and the jitter of the trigger systems shown to meet specification. This allowed the commissioning programme to proceed to the active commissioning phase where an X-ray output is generated. Active commissioning is enabled by the Marx generator being connected via an oil insulated transfer line to the Pulse Forming Lines (PFLs). Each module of MERLIN comprises an induction cell driven by one of these PFLs. The upstream section of each PFL receives its 2.5 MV charge from the Marx generator on a microsecond timescale before its pulse forming action is initiated by a laser triggered gas switch. The laser triggering should provide nanosecond order synchronisation, and hence excellent pulse reproducibility, when the pulses are combined in the adder. The 60ns duration 1.1 MV outputs of the PFLs are fed to their corresponding induction cells which act to perform voltage addition along a 28 metre long 80 Ohm MITL. This delivers an 11 MV forward going wave to the e-beam diode. The pulsed radiographic source driven by MERLIN will be a SMP diode developed in an AWE led research programme in collaboration with US National Laboratories. This diode operates at approximately 40 Ohms with the result that retrapping of the MITL sheath current occurs transforming the 11 MV forward wave down to ∼ 7.5 MV while increasing the load current to ∼ 200 kA. The PFL's configuration tailors the output pulse to compensate for the SMP diode's intra-pulse impedance droop and hence generate a relatively constant voltage during the X-ray flash. Since the SMP diode is a single shot device (due to the energy density incident at the anode/X-ray converter) a Large Area Diode (LAD) of similar impedance is utilised to allow repeated testing of the pulsed power systems. By mid-2017 the testing of the Pulsed Power systems and MITL with the LAD is due to have been completed and the optimisation of the SMP diode should be in progress.

Active center of gravity control can transfer fuel among many fuselage fuel tanks to effectively optimize aircraft center of gravity and gain the potential economic performance benefits. In-flight possible failures in the fuel system may generate direct influences on aircraft center of gravity control. The aim of this article is to investigate the influence of partial fuel transfer line leak on the active center of gravity control system. First, modeling of center of gravity variation due to fuel transfer is presented and then aircraft center of gravity control law based on sliding mode is put forward. Then, detailed simulation analyses of the influence of possible fuel transfer line leak on center of gravity tracking performance are carried out, including different one or two fuel lines leak conditions. Finally, the emergency strategies for the aircraft center of gravity control system to cope with possible failures are concluded and proposed.

We have been developing a flexible superconducting bus-line as a unit electrical feeder between large-scale superconducting coils and their power supplies away from the coils. The designed superconducting bus-line consists of a pair of +/- aluminum stabilized NbTi/Cu compacted strand cables and a coaxial four-channel transfer line. A full-scale model of the SC bus-line (20 m long) has been constructed and tested successfully up to 40 kA without a quench under the short-circuit condition. Stability tests were also done by inducing a forced quench with heaters. A minimum propagation current larger than 32.5 kA was confirmed. Thus, the bus-line was cryogenically stabilized at the rated current of 30 kA. We have examined the test results and evaluated the stability and safety margins of this bus-line. The design criteria for a superconducting bus-line are also shown for large-scale superconducting coils with operating current as a parameter. >

Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) are of significant interest for the development of organic electronics. The devices described in this paper, through measurements, analytic extraction of parameters and simulations, are organic transistor having Polytriarylamine (PTAA) as semiconductor. This paper refers to the determination of the source and drain contact resistance of these PTAA organic transistors. The MATLAB Simulink model is based on an analytic model, for which DC Sweep and parametric simulations were employed in order to obtain the total resistance. The results are processed in accordance to the Transfer Line Method (TLM). This mathematical method uses results on the total channel resistance of the thin film transistors with various channel lengths in order to extrapolate the contact resistance. The TLM structures considered here are bottom contact top gate OTFTs with interdigitated electrodes of various channel lengths. The values of the contact resistance are considered equal due to the symmetry of the measured structure.

This paper refines an earlier localization procedure used to design optimal nonblocking distributed supervisory controllers in discrete-event systems (DES). The earlier algorithm needed a control consistency relation involving two conditions, and introduced superfluous selfloops. We propose a refined procedure, including a newly defined weak control consistency relation, and a cleanup algorithm, which results in simpler and cleaner controllers. It is proved to be correct, and illustrated by a Transfer Line plant.

According to the features of power system, a new mathematical model for distribution maintenance scheduling is proposed, which combines load path transfer and maintenance schedule time optimization problem. Network reconfiguration algorithm and genetic algorithm are used to solve load path transfer problem and maintenance schedule time optimization problem respectively. Due to the large number variables of the network reconfiguration, encoding with round line and feasible solution operator are adopted to decrease the searching space in the paper. The searching space is significantly reduced and the solution speed is raised. The proposed model and method are applied to IEEE33 test system, the result show that proposed method can obtain the most optimal maintenance schedule and the load transfer line with minimal network loss. The method observably reduces the power off lose which maintenance brings.

The paper aims to describe the simulations and measurements performed in order to determine the resistance of source and drain contacts of organic transistors with Polytriarylamine (PTAA) semiconductor. PSpice and MATLAB comparative simulations based on the analytic model are performed. The DC Sweep and parametric simulations are employed to find the electrical characteristics of the transistors, in order obtain the total resistance. The results are processed in accordance to the Transfer Line Method (TLM). This technique uses transistor-like structures of various channel lengths, as these have a layout suitable for extracting and assessing the contact resistance. The TLM structures considered are bottom contact bottom gate transistors with interdigitated electrodes of various channel lengths, their geometry assumed to ensure similar values for the drain and source resistances due to the symmetry. This paper approaches the aspects related to the electrical simulation of basic transistor models in comparison to the measurements.

In discrete event systems, sensors can be used to observe occurrences of an event or to distinguish the occurrences of an observable event. In a previous paper, we formulate the supervisory control problem with distinguishing sensors to refine the set of events in a way that specifications can be represented by simpler models while the behavior of sensor is incorporated into the plant model. To avoid computational complexity, an approximation of the distinguished plant is used in the synthesis of suboptimal supervisors. In this paper, we introduce more general conditions on the approximating automata that can partially incorporate the sensor complexity in the synthesis to improve the quality of solution. An example of a manufacturing transfer line with material feedback shows the advantages of the results.

In this paper, the solution of a transfer line with a reliable machine, an unreliable machine and storage buffer is investigated. By using the method of functional analysis, especially, the linear operator theory on Banach space, we prove the existence of the strictly dominant eigenvalue, and show the linear stability and the exponential stability of solution.

The paper is concerned with the optimization of unreliable transfer lines operated under Kanban production policies. Two cases are studied here: single-part and multi-part nonhomogeneous transfer lines. For multi-part lines, policies of ldquoparallel production of partsrdquo are considered so that methods of single-part performance analysis by decomposition could be generalized. Efficient dynamic programming based optimization algorithms are presented. Numerical results are then reported.

Linear accelerator and Beam Transfer Line magnet power supply (MPS) in Pohang Accelerator Laboratory have been upgraded from convention scheme to switching scheme for the stable beam injection and the 4th generation light source research. New MPS consists of two-main power board (MPB), which are regulator, CPU and control power boards. The size of each board is only 100 mm times 240 mm. The MPB consists of full-bridge scheme switch. The functions of the one MPB are that they operate as two parallel buck (PB) DC/DC converter. Switching frequency is 42 kHz at MPB. Two-MPB is operated as synchronous four-PB DC/DC converter. Input and output of the MPS are 3p 35Vac and 80Adc/50Vdc, respectively. Its resolution and stability are 16-bit and

The CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3) has the objective to demonstrate the remaining feasibility issues of the CLIC two-beam technology for a future multi-TeV linear collider. One key issue is the efficient generation of a very high current 'drive beam' that serves as the power source for the acceleration of the main beam to high energy. This large current beam is produced by interleaving bunches in a combiner ring using transverse deflecting RF cavities. The 84 m long CTF3 combiner ring and the connecting transfer line have been recently installed and put into operation. The latest commissioning results will be presented.

The very small vertical beam emittance in the International Linear Collider (ILC) can be degraded by dispersion, xy coupling, transverse wakefields, and time-varying transverse fields introduced by elements with misalignments, strength errors, xy rotation errors, or yz rotation errors in the Ring to Main Linac (RTML) transfer line. We present a plan for emittance preservation in this beamline which uses local, quasi-local, and global correction schemes. Results of simulations of the emittance preservation algorithm are also presented and discussed.

Upon the termination of the Fermilab Collider program, the current Recycler anti-proton storage ring will be converted to a proton pre-injector for the Main Injector synchrotron. This is scheduled to increase the beam power for the 120 GeV Neutrino program to upwards of 700 KW. Due to momentum aperture requirements, a Recycler to Main Injector transport line will be constructed wholly within a horizontal dispersion free region in the 30 straight section. The concept design will be presented in this paper.

Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) system plays a vital role in the active protection of the LHC accelerators elements. It should provide the number of particles lost from the primary hadron beam by measuring the radiation field induced by their interaction with matter surrounding the beam pipe. The LHC BLM system will use ionization chambers as standard detectors but in the areas where very high dose rates are expected, the Secondary Emission Monitor (SEM) chambers will be employed because of their high linearity, low sensitivity and fast response. The SEM needs a high vacuum for proper operation and has to be functional for up to 20 years, therefore all the components were designed according to the UHV requirements and a getter pump was included. The SEM electrodes are made of Ti because of its Secondary Emission Yield (SEY) stability. The sensitivity of the SEM was modeled in Geant4 via the Photo-Absorption Ionization module together with custom parameterization of the very low energy secondary electron production. The prototypes were calibrated by proton beams in CERN PS Booster dump line, SPS transfer line and in PSI Optis line. The results were compared to the simulations.

High intensity operation of the Fermilab Main Injector has resulted in increased activation of machine components. Efforts to permit operation at high power include creation of collimation systems to localize losses away from locations which require maintenance. As a first step, a collimation system to remove halo from the incoming beam was installed in the Spring 2006 Facility Shutdown [1]. We report on commissioning studies and operational experience including observations of Booster beam properties, effects on Main Injector loss and activation, and operational results.

Detailed study of Fermilab Recycler Ring anti-proton injection line became feasible with its BPM system upgrade, though the beamline has been in existence and operational since year 2000. Previous attempts were not fruitful due to limitations in the BPM system. Among the objectives are the assessment of beamline optics and the presence of error fields. In particular the field region of the permanent Lambertson magnets at both ends of R22 transfer line will be scrutinized.

A collimation system has been created for removing proton beam halo in the 8 GeV transfer line from the Fermilab Booster to Main Injector. A pair of 1.14 meter long collimators with 5.08 cm rectangular apertures is installed in a 5-m straight section. Horizontal and vertical motion systems allow them to be positioned such that halo can be scraped from four sides. An additional pair of collimators, placed one cell (90 degrees) downstream, scrape halo which is of opposite phase. Each collimator pair can scrape about 600 Watts of beam power, limited by residual activation of beamline components and sump water outside of the beam line tunnel. Personnel exposure is reduced by surrounding the iron absorber with a layer of marble. Design features, radiation calculations and instrumentation considerations will be described.

Upon the termination of the Fermilab Collider program, the current Recycler anti-proton storage ring (RR) will be converted to a proton pre-injector for the Main Injector (MI) synchrotron. This is scheduled to increase the beam power for the 120 GeV Neutrino program to upwards of 700 KW. A transport line that can provide direct injection from the Booster to the Recycler while preserving direct injection from the Booster into the Main Injector and the 8 GeV Booster Neutrino program will be discussed, and its concept design will be presented.

High Intensity Proton Source consisting in an 8 GeV superconducting H-minus linac and transfer line to the Main Injector has been proposed. The primary mission is to increase the intensity of the Fermilab Main Injector for the production of neutrino superbeams. Start-to-end simulations from the RFQ to the stripping foil using the simulation code TRACK (ANL) is presented in this paper. In particular, we will study the impact of jitter errors on the H-minus phase space at the stripping foil.

The modeling of factories shop-floors has been studied to cope with the interlocking and control problems. Petri Nets have been applied to model these systems because they provide graphical resources to represent the system behavior. When the system is too large or complex, the modeling task is difficult and the elements in the model are too many for a simple understanding and analyzing task. Moreover, some important characteristics, like time, when considered can contribute for a difficult understanding. This work proposes an approach for modeling these systems in order to minimize the difficulties mentioned. The proposed approach uses Petri nets (PN) and some PN extensions with simulation as a way of analyzing. These extensions are colored PN, modular PN, timed PN and virtual PN (VPN). The system modeled by this approach is an experimental flexible manufacturing transfer line (FMTL) that consists of three machines and a conveyor. There are five types of products that can be produced. The whole production is controlled by a supervisory system.

At LHC injection energy the aperture available in the transfer lines and in the LHC is small and the intensities of the injected beams are an order of magnitude above the damage level. The setting of protection elements such as the transfer line collimators is therefore very critical; mechanical and optical tolerances must be taken into account to define the nominal setting. Being able to measure and control the collinearity of the collimator jaws with the beam relaxes the requirement on the settings considerably. A method to measure angular misalignment of the collimator jaws in the transfer line based on a transmission measurement is discussed. Simulations have been made and a test of principle has been carried out during the 2004 commissioning of the transfer line TI 8.

The graphite LHC beam dump block TDE has to absorb the full LHC beam intensity at 7 TeV. The TDE vessel will be filled with inert gas at atmospheric pressure, and requires a large diameter entrance window for vacuum separation from the beam dumping transfer line. The swept LHC beam must traverse this window without damage for regular operation of the beam dump dilution system. For dilution failures, the entrance window must survive most of the accident cases, and must not fail catastrophically in the event of damage. The conceptual design of the entrance window is presented, together with the load conditions and performance criteria. The FLUKA energy deposition simulations and ANSYS stress calculations are described, and the results discussed.

Injection of beam into the LHC at 450 GeV/c proceeds over two 2.7 km long transfer lines from the SPS. The small aperture of the LHC at injection imposes tight constraints on the stability of the beam transfer. The first transfer line TI 8 was commissioned in the fall of 2004 with low intensity beam. Since the beam position monitor signal fluctuations were dominated by noise with low intensity beam, the beam stability could not be obtained from a simple comparison of consecutive trajectories. Instead model independent analysis (MIA) techniques as well as scraping on collimators were used to estimate the intrinsic stability of the transfer line. This paper presents the analysis methods and the resulting stability estimates.

Failures during the LHC transfer and injection process cannot be excluded and beam loss with the foreseen intensities and energies will cause serious equipment damage. Consequences of equipment failures such as kicker erratics, power converter faults, etc. are investigated by means of a Monte Carlo based on MAD-X tracking with a full aperture model of the transfer line and the injection region. Geometrical and optical mismatch, orbit tolerances, mechanical tolerances for settings of protection elements, power converter ripples, misalignment of elements, etc. are all taken into account. The required performance of the protection system is discussed. The overall protection level for the LHC and the transfer lines during injection is presented.

In NSRRC up to five superconducting magnets and one superconducting cavity will be installed in the storage ring. At current stage two superconducting magnets and one superconducting cavity are kept in cold condition by one 450W helium cryogenic system. The crucial stable cryogenic condition required for the superconducting cavity is hard to achieve due to the join of superconducting magnets. A second cryogenic system dedicated for the superconducting magnets is planned in the next stage. A switch valve box serves the function for the backup of two cryogenic systems for each other and a 100 meter nitrogen-shielding helium transfer line dedicated for the five superconducting magnets are installed at end of the year 2004. This paper presents the helium distribution design of the two cryogenic systems and the commission result of the recent work.

MAD-X is CERN’s successor for MAD8, a program for accelerator design with a long history. MAD-X is a modular, better maintainable re-write of MAD8 with data structures written in ‘C’. Early on in the design of MAD-X we relied on the fact that older or doubtful modules could be replaced by new modules using the PTC code by E. Forest. Both codes remain independent entities but are linked via a converter to the MAD-X data structures. PTC is used for symplectic tracking of smaller machines and transfer line using better defined physical models of the elements and taking into account of how the elements are placed in the tunnel. The matching of the LHC will profit from the fact that the high order nonlinear parameters are provided by a PTC Normal Form analysis.

The functional specification of the LHC Collimators requires, for the start-up of the machine and the initial luminosity runs (Phase 1), a collimation system with maximum robustness against abnormal beam operating conditions. The most severe cases to be considered in the mechanical design are the asynchronous beam dump at 7TeV and the 450GeV injection error. To ensure that the collimator jaws survive such accident scenarios, low-Z materials were chosen, driving the design towards Graphite or Carbon reinforced Carbon composites. Furthermore, in-depth thermo-mechanical simulations, both static and dynamic, were necessary. This paper presents the results of the numerical analyses performed for the 450GeV accident case, along with the experimental results of the tests conducted on a collimator prototype in CERN TT40 transfer line, impacted by a 450GeV beam of 3.2e13 protons, with impact transverse offsets from 1 to 5 mm.

Thanks to their simplicity and efficiency, continuous flow models are frequently used for performance evaluation and optimization of manufacturing systems. Although resource capacity constraints can be explicitly taken into account in existing continuous flow models, delays are rarely explicitly taken into account. The purpose of this paper is to introduce continuous Petri nets with delay for explicit modeling of delays for more realistic performance evaluation of failure prone transfer lines. One salient feature of this model is the explicit modeling of delays without destroying the nature of pure continuous flow model. This feature preserves the analyticity of pure continuous flow models for performance evaluation and optimization.

MAGPIE is a TW class generator being constructed at the Imperial College in U.K. The generator, based on Marx-pulsed line technology, is specifically designed to operate with a high inductance Z-pinch load. Four 2.4 MV Marx, with a total stored energy of 336 kJ, couple through four 5 ohm water PFL and four synchronized switches to a single 1.25 ohm transfer line. This delivers over 1.5 MA into a 150 nH load in 150 ns. The initial objective is to produce the right condition to study the physics of radiative collapse in a plasma formed from a solid cryogenic hydrogen fibre. This paper outlines the programme and discusses details of the design philosophy of the pulsed power components.

Generalized stochastic Petri nets have been used for the performance evaluation of manufacturing systems and other discrete event dynamic systems. The goal is to provide a framework for the designer of manufacturing systems where the designer can examine alternative design scenarios. The authors describe the application of robust design techniques to select only those experiments that have the most impact on system performance. Robust design techniques draw on many ideas from statistical experimental design. One such approach is commonly known as the Taguchi method. Here, the Taguchi method is used to efficiently determine the effect of a parameter on the system performance measure. An important by-product of this approach is that interactions between several parameters can be detected and the impact on the performance measure evaluated. This cross-effect is very important and is demonstrated on a simple transfer line and on a manufacturing system in which machine activities, database accesses, and network transactions are included in the model. The computational savings are also significant in these cases. >

In order to improve injection efficiency of HLS (Hefei Light Source), an appropriate BPM (beam position monitor) is needed to provide the transverse positions and longitudinal phases of linac and transfer line beam. The original stripline BPM for HLS Linac, which is 20.8 degrees in azimuthal angle and has a poor performance in coupling signals on electrodes, is redesigned and calculated through Mafia and CST Microwave Studio. The new stripline BPM structure, which is 60 degrees and 183.8 mm long, has a better performance in time response, spectrum, linearity and sensitivity when a beam passes by. Lastly, the position resolution and time resolution of the new structure is theoretically calculated, which meets the requirement of HLS Linac and transfer line.

The DA/spl Phi/NE Beam Test Facility (BTF) is a beam transfer line optimized to produce single electrons and positrons mainly for high-energy detectors calibration in the energy range between 20 and 800 MeV. The BTF has been successfully commissioned in February 2002, and started operation in November. The scheme of operation, the commissioning results, as well as the first users' experience are presented.

Multiple-stage injections to an accumulator ring boost intensity until a final extraction delivers the full proton beam to a target transfer line. Kickers and an Extraction Lambertson Septum (ELS) magnet implement extraction. Studied here are various concerns of the design of an ELS magnet, including: lattice geometry, beam dynamics and optics considerations; and vacuum, electromagnetic and mechanical design aspects. Reference datum and transformations are established and shown schematically. Coil, yoke, and shield design optimization is discussed.

The Recycler Ring, an 8 GeV antiproton accumulator, is being commissioned at Fermilab. Antiproton transfers in and out of the Recycler Ring take place through two transfer lines connecting the Recycler to the Main Injector. Transfer line layout and operation of beam transfers will be described. Particular attention has been paid to injection mismatch effects, in order to limit emittance growth during transfers. A considerable improvement has been achieved by removing vacuum windows, previously present in both transfer lines.

Round-trip beam transfers between the Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler (antiproton accumulator) have been plagued by an emittance dilution of about a factor of 2 with corresponding beam loss. The source of the large dilution was traced to two Ti vacuum windows, one installed in each of the two transfer lines that connect the machines for beam injection/extraction. The dilution can be accounted for by calculating the increase in beam divergence due to multiple scattering in the windows followed by an amplitude mismatch that serves to further enhance the instantaneous dilution immediately downstream of the window. This work presents the analytical basis for the phase-space, or emittance, dilution due to the window, the subsequent optics mismatch, and then presents an analysis of beamline measurements that evidences the effect and validates the analytical argument. The data showed a strong skew quadrupole component in the transfer line optics that initially complicated the analysis, but was effectively eliminated in some of the data samples acquired under specific beam conditions.

Given an unreliable transfer line with fixed size finite buffer zones for work in process, the objective is to determine the maximum, if it exists, of the production rate sustainable by the line when the first machine is never starved and the last machine is either never blocked, or if it is, an infinite backlog is allowed. A recent single machine based, transfer line under fixed demand rate decomposition method, is used to rigorously establish the existence of a maximum sustainable demand, and to characterize such a demand level via a set of necessary and sufficient conditions. The foundation of the analysis is a recursive procedure called the iterated demand algorithm (IDA). It is shown to generate a sequence that geometrically converges to a limit point, later precisely identified as the required transfer line maximum throughput. IDA becomes our computational tool. For a collection of transfer lines, numerical performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with that obtained based on other alternatives, as well as Monte Carlo based line throughput maximization results.

The problem of optimally controlling production in a single part unreliable, manufacturing flow line, subjected to a constant rate of demand for parts, while minimizing a given combined measure of storage and production backlog costs, is considered. A suboptimal class of decentralized hedging policies parameterized by a set of critical inventory levels, one for each machine in the transfer line, is considered. Thus, each machine strives to achieve as quickly as possible a given critical level of processed parts in the associated storage bin, which, once reached, will attempt to maintain it by producing exactly at the current rate of demand for parts until failure or starvation occurs. Once starvation ceases or the machine is repaired, it will resume the same production strategy. Our objective is to optimize the choice of the processed parts critical levels. Finally, under specific structural assumptions, qualitative properties of optimal critical levels profile for the homogeneous continuous states, but finite transfer line are derived. From these properties, homogeneous infinite transfer line behavior is inferred. Results of numerical experiments are reported.

The superconducting synchrotron Nuclotron was put into operation in March 1993 at the Laboratory of High Energies, JINR in Dubna. The Nuclotron Control System (NCS) provided an efficient support for machine operation during all runs. The dedicated NCS subsystem for beam diagnostics in the injection transfer line and the Nuclotron ring is described.

The purpose of the newly constructed 8 GeV transfer line is to provide a reliable interconnection of the Booster and the Main Injector. This transfer line is constructed from the combination of the permanent and electro-magnets. We present data obtained during the commissioning along with our experience of combined function permanent magnets, DC operation of the electro-magnets and optics model vs. measurement of the beamline is also presented.

The new Fermilab 8-GeV transfer line for the Main Injector is now commissioned. Studies had been done to measure the optical characteristics of the beamline. In order to capture the state of the beamline as completely as possible all accelerator data, i.e. Beam Position Monitor, Multiwire Profile Monitor, magnet current, and other miscellaneous information, were read and saved. A recently developed beamline analysis program was used to collect data and to do the analysis. Orbit data was used to understand the beamline quadrupole strengths and to measure the dispersion function. The profile data was used to extract beam emittances and to estimate the initial lattice parameter of the beamline.

The machining systems considered are high volume transfer lines. The cycle time during normal operation is used as the performance metric. Normal operation is governed by the auto-cycle function of a logic controller. A modular logic controller is introduced and formalized for event-based functional properties analysis of transfer line. By adding time specifications, a timed modular logic controller is generated. The time-based cyclic behavior of high volume transfer lines is characterized using timed Petri nets. Two efficient algorithms to compute the cycle time and critical operations are developed. A method for improving the performance of a transfer line is introduced.