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Possessing the mathematical competence to encounter the challenges under globalisation and the ubiquity of digital technology is an important goal of education. Herein, we propose a broad conceptua...

Based on three-dimensional elasticity without making static and kinematic assumptions, an asymptotic theory is formulated for thermoelastic analysis of doubly curved laminated shells. The laminated shell is regarded as a heterogeneous shell with nonhomogeneous material properties in the thickness direction. The bending of the shell subjected to temperature variations through the thickness and under lateral loads is considered. Upon introducing a small perturbation parameter in the formulation and rearranging the three-dimensional equations in dimensionless forms, it is shown that the problem can be treated systematically by means of asymptotic expansions and successive integration. The classical laminated shell (CST) equations are derived as the leading-order approximation to the three-dimensional theory. The higher order corrections are determined by solving the CST equations in a consistent and hierarchic manner. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the performance of the theory.