Search

The method of the quantitative determination of ampicillin in the blood serum and urine on the Soviet-made chromatograph "Milichrom" with an ultraviolet detector and 2 x 62 cm column is described. The conditions of chromatography were as follows: wavelength-210 nm; elution rate-100 microliters/min; analysis time-12 min. The conditions of chromatographic analysis were selected on sorbents Lichrosorb RP-18, Nucleosil S-18 and Silosorb S-18. The given method of ampicillin determination--is characterized by a high specificity, accuracy, the use of small volumes of the blood taken from a finger, the rapidity of making analyses and may be recommended for introduction in the clinical practice for optimization of treating patients with ampicillin.

A microbiological procedure for determination of the group and concentration of antibiotics in combinations was developed. The method was based on the use of a collection of recombinants of test-microbes with episomal resistance (R-factor) to various antibiotics and their combinations. The collection of the test-cultures including 31 recombinant strains of E. coli obtained through conjugation provided determination of the concentration and group of any antibiotic in combination with the method of serial dilutions or agar diffusion. The antibiotics were the following: tetracyclines, levomycetin (chloramphenicol), streptomycin, aminoglycosides (kanamycin, neomycin, monomycin), penicillinase sensitive penicillins (ampicillin, carbenicillin, benzylpenicillin). The ranges of the research may be widened by including recombinants with episome resistance to other antibiotics or test-microbes with other species sensitivity to antibiotics into the collection. The procedure may be of use in experimental studies, clinical trials and screening of new antibiotics.

Studies on ampicillin pharmacokinetics in patients with prostate adenoma showed that adenoma did not influence the antibiotic kinetics. The ampicillin maximum concentration in tissues and organs of the urinary corresponded to the peak concentrations in blood. Therefore, development of dosage regimens providing the drug efficient concentrations in tissues and organs of the urinary tract should be based on ampicillin kinetics in the blood.

Carbon metabolism of P. chrysogenum under conditions of periodical addition of the nutrients was studied. It was found that a proper rate of the carbon source addition to the culture was of significant importance for intensive biosynthesis. The use of carbon for the energetic and constructive needs was not the same at different fermentation periods.

Two groups of 49 patients each with generalized forms of meningococcal infection were observed. The patients of the 1st group were treated with ampicillin in a dose of 200-400 Units/kg and the patients of the 2nd group were treated with benzylpenicillin in a dose of 200000-300000 Units/kg of the body weight daily. Comparison of the ampicillin and benzylpenicillin liquor levels showed that benzylpenicillin was more persistent during the whole period between the injections. The indices of the patients' recovery in the groups observed did not differ significantly, which provided a conclusion that ampicillin was clinically effective and may be recommended as an independent etiotropic drug for treatment of generalized forms of meningococcal infection.

Pharmacokinetics and characteristic features of ampicillin kidney distribution were studied in 21 children with chronic pyelonephritis without signs of renal insufficiency who had undergone urological operations. It was found possible to provide the antibiotic concentrations efficient against ampicillin sensitive and partially middle sensitive microorganisms in the renal parenchyma, pelvis wall, ureterocele, megaureter and urinary bladder. Ampicillin concentrations in tissues of the urinary system were shown to correspond to a higher extent to the concentrations attained in blood than those in urine.

The effect of chemotripsin on the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin as dependent on the drug dose and the administration intervals was studied on rats using the method of the experiment design. With the use of the method it was found that intramuscular injections of chemotripsin to rats in doses of 3, 4.5, 6, 8 and 10 mg/kg, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 hours before intramuscular administration of ampicillin in doses of 10, 20, 35, 75 and 100 mg/kg caused a simple effect inducing an increase in the antibiotic levels in the blood and organs, when the enzyme and antibiotic were present simultaneously in the animal organism for an hour. The increase in the antibiotic levels in the rat organs due to simultaneous presence of chemotripsin and ampicillin the animal organism for 2 hours was less pronounced