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Objective: To compare hand-sewn and stapled sutures and the influence of intestinal excision on postoperative complications. Study Design: Retrospective comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: General Surgery Department of CMH Peshawar, from Jan 2020 to Jan 2021. Methodology: Once receiving consent, all individuals hospitalized in the medical facility for ileostomy closure were included in our investigation. In a questionnaire, postoperative complications were documented. Result: This study involved a total of 60 subjects. Individuals were scheduled for surgery after receiving clearances and a loopogram distally. Thirty patients had their wounds hand-sewn shut, while 30 others had their wounds stapled shut. The mean operating time for the hand-sewn method was 2.46 ± 0.29 hours, compared to 1.86 ± 0.17 hours mean for the stapled method. In both categories, the anastomotic leak was comparable. Thirty patients in the hand-sewn group took a mean of 2.42 ± 0.25 days to return bowel sounds after surgery, whereas it took 1.83 ± 0.20 days to return bowel sounds. Conclusion: The stapler method greatly decreases the duration of surgery, promotes rapid recovery, and has a lower fatality rate. Stapling is a simple procedure that can be performed in inaccessible locations, such as a low colorectal anastomosis. In elective gastrointestinal procedures, stapler anastomosis can be utilized safely and successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was aspired to investigate the factor of production that were influencing the technical efficiency of wheat crop in Pakistan. A formal survey of 430 wheat crop farmers was conducted in the district of Rahim Yar Khan in year 2014. In order to estimate the impact of farm inputs on wheat crop production, Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) was used. The major objectives of this survey were to identify factors of variation and effect of planting of wheat after BT and Non-BT-cotton varieties on wheat production. In this study, the average technical efficiency of wheat farms on collective level was around 0.76. The mean technical efficiency of wheat after Non-BT and BT-cotton was 0.78 and 0.74, respectively. The result of the study revealed that those farmers cultivated the wheat crop after Non-BT cotton were technically more efficient compared to those who cultivated wheat after BT-cotton. The major factors that were found to be compliant for improved wheat production in study area were operational holding under wheat crop, which was cultivated after Non-BT or BT cotton, date of sowing, number of irrigations, tractors and tubewell's ownership, tenancy status, farmer's education and experience. The result of the study reported that farmers of wheat crop have the potential to produce the maximum level of wheat production provided that the farmers should improve their management skills. It is prerequisite in farm sector that farmers should use their managerial ability, knowledge, and technical skills in order to obtain the higher production and farm returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new alkaloidal steroid glycosides; solanoid A and B (1 and 2), along with two known alkaloidal steroid glycosides; solamargine (3) and khasianine (4) a known steroidal saponin; dioscin (5), a benzoylated steroid, carpesterol (6) methyl caffeate (7), ferulic acid (8) and oleic acid (9) were isolated from the methanolic extract of Solanum surattense. The new compounds were identified through 1D and 2D NMR techniques, and high resolution mass spectrometric analysis, while the known compounds were elucidated due to 1D NMR, mass spectrometry and in comparison with the literature values of their spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-6 were evaluated for anti-α- glucosidase, anti-urease and antioxidant activity, where only compound 6 inhibited the activity of α- glucosidase with IC50 value of 42.26 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carisphthalate, a new cyclic trimer of ethylene terephthalate (1) along with β-sitosterol (2), 6-hydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin (3), ursolic acid (4), epigenin (5), luteolin (6) and β-sitosterol 3- O-β-D-glucopyarnoside (7) have been isolated from the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Carissa opaca. The structures of these isolates (1-7) were established by 1D (¹H, 13C), 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (EIMS, HREIMS, FABMS, HRFABMS). The structure of compound 1 was also confirmed by single X-ray crystallographic analysis. All the compounds (1-7) were screened for DPPH free radical scavenging and enzyme inhibitory activities against the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and lipoxygenase (LOX). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aervfuranoside (1), a new chlorinated dibenzofuran glycoside together with ten (2-11) known compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanolic extract of the flowers of Aerva javanica. The structures of isolates were elucidated by the combination of 1D (¹H and 13C-NMR), 2D (HMQC, HMBC and COSY) NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (FABMS, HRFABMS) or in comparison with the literature data in case of known metabolites. Among these isolates, only compounds 1-3 were evaluated for DPPH free radical scavenging potential and enzyme inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), lipoxygenase (LOX) and metallo-ß-lactamase (IMP-1). The test compound 2 exhibited moderate inhibition of the enzyme lipoxygenase with the IC50 value of 53.5 µM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanolic extract of Vincetoxicum stocksii yielded four new compounds; vincetolate (1), vincetoside (2), vincetetrol (3) and vincetomine (4) along with seven know compounds; 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,-propanetriol (5), feruloyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), apocynin (7), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (8), 7- megastigmene-3,5,6,9-tetrol (9), qurcetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10) and 4'- methoxykaempferol-3-O- β-D-glucopyranoside (11). The chemical structures of all the isolates were determined due to spectral analysis including sophisticated 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques and high resolution FABMS. Compounds 5-8 and 10 exhibited moderate to low antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 56.42±0.04-150±0.5 µg/ml whereas, compounds 1, 5 and 8-11 showed significant antiurease activity with IC50 values in the range of 22.1±0.43-105.47 ± 0.01µg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the frequency of gallbladder perforation with conventional Monopolar Diathermy versus Harmonic scalpel in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Study Design: Quasiexperimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Sep 2018 to Sep 2019. Methodology: A total of 160 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones were included in the study and were randomly allocated into two groups based on the surgical technique of dissecting gall bladder from the liver bed. In Group-A, Monopolar Diathermy was used, and in Group-B Harmonic scalpel was used. Frequency of gall bladder perforation and demographic details were recorded on predefined proforma. Results: In our study, mean age was 48.21±8.94 years and 49.14±9.31 years in Group-A and Group-B respectively. Comparison of Gallbladder perforation in both groups showed 17(21.25%) cases in Group-A and 5(6.25%) cases in Group-B, (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: In laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the frequency of gallbladder perforation with conventional monopolar diathermy is significantly higher compared to the harmonic scalpel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In continuation of our search for bioactive secondary metabolites from Seriphidium stenocephalum, chromatographic analysis of some ignored fractions from previous work on ethyl acetate part of the methanolic extract yielded five new sphingolipids; seriphidalin A [(2S,3S,4R,12E)-2-{[heptdecanoyl]amino}unieicos-12-ene-1,3,4-triol; 1], seriphidalin B [(2S,3S,4R,12E)-2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxydodidecanoyl]amino}trididec-12-ene-1,3,4-triol; 2], seriphidalin C [(2S,3S,4R,9E)-2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxydodidecanoyl]amino}didec-9-ene-1,3,4-triol; 3], seriphidalin D [(2S,3S,4R)-2-{[(2R,5E)-2-hydroxyheptadec-5-enoyl]amino}pentadecane-1,3,4-triol- 1-O-β-D-galactopyranoside; 4] and seriphidalin E [(2S,3S,4R,7E,12E)-2-{[(2R)-2- hydroxyheptanoyl]amino}heptadeca-7,12-diene-1,3,4-triol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside; 5] together with five known compounds (6-10). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and high resolution mass spectrometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochemical investigations of Suaeda fruticosa resulted in the isolat ion of two new dopamine-derived amides: N-(4-hydoxy-3-methoxyphenylethyl)-hexacosanamide (1) and N-(4- hydoxy-3-methoxyphenylethyl)-tet racosanamide (2), along with five known tyramine-derived amides: N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-hexacosanamide (3), N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-octacosanamide (4), tet racosunoyltyrumine (5), N-docosanoyltyrumine (6), and crotamide B (7). Their st ructures were elucidated due to the combinat ion of various spect roscopic data including 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques and high resolution mass spectrometry. All the isolates (1-7) were tested and found to be inact ive against α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholineste, lipoxygenase and DPPH free radical [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromatographic purification of the methanolic extract of Tecomella undulata yielded a new flavonoid glycoside; kaempferol-3-O-β-D-[3''',4'''di-p-E-coumaroyl-α-L-rhamnosyl(1→6)] galactoside (1), two new megastigmanes; (6R 7Z)-9,10-dihydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one (2) and (6E)-9,10-dihydroxy-4,6-megastigmadien-3-one (3) along with three known compounds; (6R 9S)-9,10-dihydroxy-4-megastigmaen-3-one (4) quercetin-3-galactoside (5) and 3'-dimethoxy-5,6,4'-trihydroxyflavon (6). All the isolates 1-6 were characterized by the combination of 1D (1H, 13C), 2D (COSY, HSQC and HMBC) NMR data and high resolution mass spectrometric analysis. In antibacterial assay, compound 1 showed moderate inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonalla typhi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of Seriphidium oliverianum resulted in the isolation of eleven compounds namely: 5,8-dihydroxy-6,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (1), 5-hydroxy- 6,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (2), 5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone (3), 5,7-dihydroxy-6,3',4'- trimethoxyflavone (4), 5,6-dihydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxyflavone (5), 5,7,4'-tihydroxy-6,3'- dimethoxyflavone (6), 5,6,4'-trihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavone (7), 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-6,7- dimethoxyflavone (8), 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone (9), 7,4'-dihydroxy-3,5,6- trimethoxyflavone (10) and 3,6-O-dimethylquercetagetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (11) for the first time from this source. Their structures were established through to spectroscopic analyses and in comparison with the literature. All the isolates were tested for their antioxidant and anti-urease activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fourteen compounds (1-14) namely 3-carbomethoxyindole (1), 6-hydroxy-7- methoxycoumarin (2), methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (3), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), p-coumaric acid (5), oleanolic acid (6), 4-ketopinoresinol (7), apigenin (8), apigenin-7-p-coumerate (9) apigenin-7-O- β-D-glucopyranoside (10), acacetin-7-O-[4-hydroxy-E-cinnamoyl-(6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), apigenin-7-O-[4-hydroxy-E-cinnamoyl-(6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (12), apigenin 7-O-β-D-[2'',6''- bis(4-hydroxy-E-cinnamoyl)]glucopyranoside (13) and apigenin 7-O-rutinoside (14) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Chrozophora plicata. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by UV, IR, NMR (1H and13C) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (EIMS, HREIMS, FABMS, HRFABMS) and in comparison with reported data in literature. These isolates (1-14) showed DPPH radical scavenging and enzyme inhibitory activities against enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and lipoxygenase (LOX). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typhoid, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), is a major health problem worldwide especially in developing countries. Lipopolysaccharides are one of the main virulence factors of S. Typhi. Hydrophobic lipid A anchors the lipopolysaccharides into the bacterial outer membrane and also serves as the epicenter of endotoxicity, which is linked to the presence of several fatty acid chains. Fatty acid profiling is, therefore, very important to understand the endotoxicity of these pathogenic bacteria. To profile lipid A with respect to its fatty acid constituents, a S. Typhi was isolated from blood culture of a typhoid patient from the Faisalabad region of Pakistan. After its complete identification using biochemical and molecular techniques, this bacterium was cultivated in a fermentor. The cell pellet obtained was subjected to hot phenol process to extract and purify lipopolysaccharides. Acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharides yielded lipid A, which was subjected to analyses using GC-MS after derivatization into their fatty acid methyl esters. The fatty acid methyl esters were identified on the basis of their retention times, compared with standards as well as characteristic mass fragmentation patterns of their respective mass spectra. This fatty acid profiling revealed the occurrence of dodecanoic acid (C12:0), tetradecanoic acid (C14:0), 3-hydroxy tetradecanoic acid (3-OH C14:0) and hexadecanoic acid (C16:0) in the lipid A component of S. Typhi strain with the relative percentage abundances 8.5%, 12.5%, 55.9% and 23.1%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xanthoxyloidin (1), a new biscoumarin together with esculetin (2), 5,7- dihydroxycoumarin (3) and 6,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin (4) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Fraxinus xanthoxyloides. These compounds (1-4) were purified by using normal and reverse phase column and thin layer chromatographic techniques and their structures were determined using 1D (1H and 13C), 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, COSY, NOESY) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (EIMS, HREIMS, FABMS, HRFABMS) and in comparison with reported data in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the message of Libyan Professor Suleman Abusrewil, Sudan Professor Dr. Mohammad Elton and Pakistani Professor Abdul Jabbar, during the International Conference on Diabetes and Endocrinology 2016, on the effects of Ramadan in controlling diabetes of Muslims. The topics discussed include the estimated percentage of adults suffering from diabetes mellitus, the effects of lifestyle change on Muslims with diabetes, and the number of individuals suffering from hypoglycemia.