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Objective: We conducted the present meta-analysis to investigate whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SUMO1 gene contribute to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL/P). Method: The Web of Science (1945-2013), the Cochrane Library Database (Issue 12, 2013), PubMed (1966-2013), EMBASE (1980-2013), CINAHL (1982-2013), and the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) (1982-2013) were searched without language restrictions. Meta-analysis was performed with the use of the STATA statistical software. Results: Six studies with a total of 1381 NSCL/P patients and 2054 control subjects were included. Twenty-seven functional polymorphisms in the SUMO1 gene were assessed. Our results indicated that SUMO1 genetic polymorphisms were correlated with an increased risk of NSCL/P. Subgroup analysis by the SNP type indicated that 4 functional polymorphisms (rs12470401 T>C, rs16838917 A>G, rs12470529 A>G, and rs7572505 A>G) in the SUMO1 gene might be strongly correlated with NSCL/P risk. Furthermore, ethnicity-stratified analysis demonstrated that SUMO1 genetic polymorphisms were closely related to an increased risk of NSCL/P among both Asians and Caucasians. Conclusion: Our findings provide empirical evidence that SUMO1 genetic polymorphisms might be strongly involved in the etiology of NSCL/P, especially for rs12470401 T>C, rs16838917 A>G, rs12470529 A>G, and rs7572505 A>G polymorphisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]