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Enhancing residents’ happiness is a fundamental goal of development and a priority for government action. This article conducts a theoretical analysis of the impact of the ecological environment and income level on residents’ happiness and uses data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2017 to construct an ordered probit model. The model examines the mechanisms of ecological environment satisfaction and income level on residents’ happiness. The study reveals that (1) residents’ satisfaction with the ecological environment has a significant positive effect on their happiness, which is consistent across urban–rural and regional contexts. (2) Both absolute and relative income have a significant positive effect on residents’ happiness, with relative income having a greater influence than absolute income. (3) Income level can regulate the impact of ecological environment satisfaction on residents’ happiness, indicating that an increase in residents’ income level weakens the effect of ecological environment satisfaction on their happiness. (4) Residents’ absolute income mediates the process by which ecological environment satisfaction impacts their happiness. These findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between the ecological environment, income level, and residents’ happiness, and provide new ideas for government action aimed at improving residents’ happiness.

The first hypothesis of this study is to dissect the factors that impact consumers’ preference toward a specific corporate social responsibility (CSR) project via the framework of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The second hypothesis is to evaluate a monetary value for CSR among consumers through their WTP. The willingness to pay (WTP) in relation to those influential factors is used to represent the monetary value of CSR for the tea tree growing project implemented by corporates among indigenous tribal farmers in Taiwan. The components of CSR covered in this study are product safety, economic security for contractual farmers, the protection of the environment, and the conservation of ecology. Such efforts encompass the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities of CSR. The corresponding highest and lowest monetary values of CSR per hectare of tea trees are USD 92,232 and USD 141,762, respectively. The overall average monetary value of CSR per hectare is USD 118,035. These values represent the specific amounts that a corporation can potentially contribute to society when it contracts tea production to aboriginal farmers.

Mobility as a service (MaaS) integrates various transportation modalities and connects these modalities to enable users to travel from departure points to destination points. The objectives of this study were to analyze the factors influencing the intention to use MaaS and determine a direction for the implementation of this service. Hence, this study utilized an ordered probit model and marginal effect analysis. Specifically, a survey was conducted based on citizens living in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, to prepare logical MaaS operation measures customized in this province. Subsequently, variables related to MaaS were classified, and statistical analysis was performed based on these variables. The need for integrated transportation service, intention to use shared mobility, gender, household income, and region are found to have significant effects. Moreover, demographic groups with high levels of intention to use MaaS were identified. Finally, the intention to use MaaS was found to be mainly affected by whether public transportation was the primary means of transportation or whether the subjects spent a comparatively long time commuting. It is expected that these findings will serve as the basis for MaaS implementation in the future and will also be used as fundamental data for transportation service planning.

South Korea has set up a plan to convert 24 coal-fired power plants into natural gas-fired ones by 2034 in order to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This fuel transition can succeed only if it receives the public support. This article seeks to investigate the public acceptance of the fuel transition. For this purpose, data on South Koreans’ acceptance of the fuel transition were gathered on a nine-point scale from a survey of 1000 people using face-to-face individual interviews with skilled interviewers visiting households. The factors affecting acceptance were identified and examined using an ordered probit model. Of all the interviewees, 73.6 percent agreed with and 12.2 percent opposed the fuel transition, respectively, agreement being about six times greater than opposition. The model secured statistical significance and various findings emerged. For example, people living in the Seoul Metropolitan area, people who use electricity for heating, people with a low education level, young people, and high-income people were more receptive of the fuel transition than others. Moreover, several implications arose from the survey in terms of enhancing acceptance.

Online consumption not only is an economic phenomenon, but also has a profound impact on offline consumption. Under this context, this article analyzes the mechanism of how they influence offline consumption and puts forward research hypotheses. China Household Financial Survey (CHFS) data and a semi-parametric ordered probit estimation method are used empirical tests. The results indicate that consumers with online consumption experience are very likely to consume again. The scale of online consumption not only drives the increase of overall consumption, but also promotes the growth of offline consumption via capital effect, complementarity effect, and psychologic effect. In general, online consumption and offline consumption have achieved integrated development.

Bike sharing is no longer a novelty in transportation and has now become a mobility solution in its own right. This study investigated the potential scope of application of e-bike sharing solutions for a niche sector such as cruise tourism, the importance of which is growing, with the aim of improving sustainability and reducing pollution levels in cruise ports. A revealed preference survey was administered to cruise tourists, who chose a pilot e-bike service once they had disembarked from the ship to visit the nearby city center, to investigate the main variables affecting satisfaction with the service under investigation. An ordered probit model was specified and calibrated to identify the relationship among the variables influencing e-bike sharing usage by cruise tourists and their satisfaction. Subsequently, the marginal effect of each significant factor was evaluated to quantify its actual impact on the related e-bike sharing satisfaction level. The results obtained are consistent with the literature, but interesting interpretations are provided in terms of the relative importance of significant variables.

This study investigated the validity of using a Likert-type environmental awareness index to predict an individual&rsquo, s altruism level by comparing models identifying how respondents&rsquo, demographical characteristics (age, income, education, gender, etc.), degree of political and social awareness, and attitudes toward donation influence the environmental awareness index and the self-report altruism scale (SRAS). Using survey data from a sample of Japanese respondents, the study revealed a bidirectional relationship between environmental awareness and SRAS indices. Furthermore, through examining the effects of respondents&rsquo, demographical characteristics and other characteristics on the environmental awareness and SRAS indices, the study identifies that the directions of the influences of these covariates on the indices were all similar when their estimated coefficients were statistically significant. Hence, the study reveals that the environmental awareness index does capture the characteristics of the SRAS index.

This paper focuses on understanding the difference between East and West Japan with respect to citizens&rsquo, subjective views on renewable energy. A comparative analysis was performed for cities in the east and west because renewable energy is a natural resource unique to each location and suitable for a distributed energy network operated under the autonomy of the local community. This paper indicates that the social acceptance of renewable energy and willingness to pay in East Japan is affected by the citizens&rsquo, strong concerns about the global environment and willingness to participate in policy-making, while the support of the deregulation of the retail electricity market and development of a distributed power system is more relevant in West Japan.

The present study aims to explore economic and socio-demographic factors that influence a household’s probability to switch from firewood to cleaner fuels (kerosene and LPG) in northern Cameroon. The paper employs an ordered probit model to construct cooking patterns and fuel choices. Three main cooking sources are considered: firewood, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas. Utilized data are derived from a national survey conducted in 2004 by the Cameroonian National Institute of Statistics. The study analyzes the data related to the Sudano-Sahelian agro-ecological zone, which is one of the most affected by land degradation and decertification. While results indicate that there is a potential for a transition from traditional to cleaner fuels in the studied region, this transition is still in its earlier stage. The research demonstrates that firewood and kerosene prices, age of household heads, educational level of household heads and willingness to have a gas cylinder, as well as type of dwelling have a statistically significant impact on fuel-switching decisions.

In Korea, fishery managers, eco-labeled program operators, and the government need detailed information regarding individual-level preferences for eco-labeled seafood. This study aims to identify the determinants of consumer preference for such seafood. Specifically, an ordered probit model is estimated by using micro-survey data obtained from interviews of 2773 randomly selected Korean households. Overall, the estimation results reveal that the chosen model is appropriate to analyze consumer preference for eco-labeled seafood. The coefficients of consumption frequency, the importance of price, the confirmation of origin, residential area, and household income are statistically meaningful. If consumers consider price an important factor, their consumption of eco-labeled seafood may decrease. Moreover, consumers with interest in the origin of seafood are more likely to accept eco-labeled seafood. To increase the consumption of eco-labeled seafood, it is recommended to develop products designed specifically for segmented markets and promote functional features. The findings can provide a valuable guideline to marketing managers and policy makers for designing effective strategies regarding eco-labeled seafood.

The electric universal service policy, which has been implemented for many years in China, aims to meet the basic electricity demands of rural residents. Electricity consumption can facilitate the daily life of rural residents, such as lighting and cooking, which are necessary to their well-being. In practice, the well-being of rural residents due to electricity consumption is influenced by many factors. Therefore, to improve the well-being of rural residents, it is quite necessary to identify and optimize the significant factors that make the electric universal service policy play its prescribed role as well as possible. In this paper, the significant factors influencing rural residents’ well-being obtained from electricity consumption were identified and discussed by employing the Ordered Probit model. The results indicate that: (1) there are six significant factors, of which ‘educational level’, ‘health condition’, ‘each person income of a family per month’, and ‘service time of household appliances’ play positive roles in rural residents’ well-being, while ‘average power interruption times’ and ‘monthly electric charges’ have negative impacts; (2) for significant factors with positive roles, ‘educational level’ and ‘health condition’ show larger marginal effects on rural residents’ well-being; and (3) for significant factors with negative impacts, ‘average power interruption times’ has the greatest marginal effect. Finally, policy implications are proposed for improving rural residents’ well-being, which can also contribute to the effective implementation of the electric universal service policy in China.